Additional elements for metal roofing allow to make a correct and reliable installation of the roof and reliably ensure the tightness of the roof. All additional elements can be divided into 3 groups:
- Nashchelniki: molded elements for the device of various types of junctions.
- The nodes of the passage: shaped elements for hermetic passage through the roof structures of ventilation ducts, antennas, as well as various hatches and light elements.
- Products to ensure the safe operation of the roof: snegozaderzhateli, navigation bridges, stairs and other.
The first group - strips, running gear of various types, made of galvanized sheet steel with a thickness of 0.5 to 0.7 mm and a length of 2 meters. The additional elements are mainly used with a polymer coating of the same color as the profile sheets of metal. The number and type of the strips depend on the complexity of the roof configuration, on how complex the roofing units are from the metal, on the availability of the drainage system and the conditions for using the under-roof space.
Cornice part of the roof
For the correct arrangement of the cornice part of the roof, curtain rods and droppers are used. Cornice lath is attached to the lath under the layer of waterproofing and over the brackets for fixing the drainage system. A prerequisite for a durable roof without ice and icicles is to provide airflow for roof ventilation and condensate drainage. 
The first task in the cornice part is solved by a special vented perforated tape and perforated cornices filings (soffits). Protection of the intake holes with air-permeable materials allows to protect the cornice part of the roof from penetration of birds, foliage, snow sweeping. The second task is to remove the condensate from the drip-drip cap.
The ridge part of the roof
Additional elements for roof skates are represented by ridge bars of three types: a straight horse, a figured horse and a semicircular horse. The straight blade is designed for roofing of simple configuration and protection of metal sheet joints on the ridges and hips of the roof. The figure skate has additional stiffeners and an air chamber for ventilation. The semicircular skate also allows ventilating the roof and is more durable. The ridge element should overlap the joint of metal tiles on the outer edges of the roof, be it the main horse or hips. When selecting and installing skates, attention should be paid to the need for evacuation of air vapors. Ridge bars are laid on top of the joints of metal tiles and over the end plates. The installation of ridge elements should begin from the direction of the light with the predominant direction of the wind in order to place the open joints of the skates in the direction of the wind. This will reduce noise and increase the service life of the roof. The joints of simple ridge strips should be made with an overlap of at least 150 mm, and the joints of semicircular skates - along the stamped gutters. The ends of the skates are closed with special end plates. Other accessories for device devices
In valleys (internal corners on the roof folds, also called razzhelobkami) an additional crate is installed, glued with double-sided adhesive tape, and then an apron of galvanized steel sheet with a polymer coating is made. The sheet steel is 150 mm thick. The total width of the gutter is 1000 mm, 500 mm from the axis in each direction. Overhang of metal tile over the gutter - 80 mm. The end sections of the flats of the valley valley should be protected with special synthetic gaskets. In order to obtain a neat kind of valley and prevent accumulation of foliage, debris and valleys are protected with an additional upper lining. The end (wind) bar
This kind of cover protects the end part of the roof from metal tiles from direct falling of precipitation, blowing of leaves and snow into the under-roof space, and also prevents deformation and tearing off of metal tiles under the influence of wind. The end plate experiences a great wind load, so the shelves have several folds - the stiffeners. The end bar should be mounted over the tile sheets in every second or third wave. On the side of the pediment, it is necessary to observe the step of fastening about 700 mm, since this side can be clearly seen. On top of the ridge, the end rails of the skates must be connected to each other. Planks of junctions
Adjacent metal roofing to the walls and the passage through the roof of the ventshaht must be protected by aprons. The upper part of the apron must go to the wall not less than 150 mm. Planks of contiguity have different profiles and are selected individually for the assigned tasks. Other products. In the device of roof slope fractures, a sloping bar with a dropper is used. The angle of folding depends on the angle of the slope fracture. The length of the shelves of such a bar is not less than 150 mm from the side of the tile sheets and not less than 80 mm from the side of the drip. Access nodes
The second group of additional elements - details for the passage of communications. The use of these elements allows the airtight antenna to be sealed through the roof, venting outlets. Advantages of use are the durability of the joints, because under the influence of wind load the elements are loosened and self-made contiguity is more susceptible to destruction and leaks. For instructions on installing the communication skip elements, see the accompanying documentation. Roof safety devices
The most commonly used safety devices are snow chains. Snow from the metal tiles leaves avalanche-like, and in regions with a stable snow cover snow-holders should be used. Snow holders are of two types. Tubular and leafy. Tubular snow holders consist of two brackets and two pipes. Products are made of galvanized steel with or without polymer coating.
A more economical version of the snow holder is a sheet made of bent sheet. 
Mounting the brackets of snow holders should be conducted in the second - third wave of metal from the eaves. Mounting to produce in the existing crate over a wave of metal. Installation of snow retention elements should be carried out using synthetic gaskets, which are supplied with a snow holder. Elements of the roof guard, preventing the fall of people are necessary at a cornice height of more than 7 meters and a slope of more than 12%, or at a height of more than 10 meters and a smaller slope. The fencing brackets are fixed in the existing crate over the metal tile through the universal gasket with the steps specified in the product manual. 
Stairs are necessary at a difference of heights of a roof and in separate cases for public buildings and apartment houses for rise on a roof. The construction and attachment of stairs should be selected with the involvement of professionals. 
Transitional bridges installed on the roof allow the roof to be safely serviced, but are not mandatory for use. Fixing kits and mounting instructions are attached to all industrially manufactured products. 
Additional elements can become an essential part of the budget for the roof installation, but the use of these elements will ensure the durability of the roof and save on its subsequent maintenance and repair. We also recommend viewing the video To keep the roof flowing, kept the heat and long pleased the owners with its beautiful view, it is necessary to equip it according to all the rules. For each of the roofing materials there are subtleties and technologies of installation. In this material, we will discuss in detail - the construction of the roof of metal.
There are two fundamentally different approaches to warming the roof of the house, this is the so-called warm roof and cold roof. Depending on the type of roof chosen, the device will also differ slightly. Therefore, in the beginning we will consider the features of each of these types of roofs, then proceed to those elements that are the same for these types of roofs.
A warm roof - how it is arranged and why it is called so
This is the roof, which has the roof slopes insulated, so it is quite comfortable in the attic and it is possible to arrange a living room, ie, the so-called attic. And for this you need to perform a number of operations, creating a whole roof system. Consider the construction of this roof.
Provide protection from water
On the wrong side of the metal can form condensation. So that it does not drip onto the heater and does not soak it, you need to lay a waterproofing. For this purpose membranes are suitable. They are better than films in that they are permeable to steam. Therefore, moisture does not accumulate anywhere, but quietly goes outside. Such superdiffuzionnye ability of membranes, well perform their functions and place save (they put on the heater without any gap).
Isolate the valley first. The membrane from the roll is laid over its entire length starting from the top. Joints on the valley and adjoining glue with a construction tape of the same brand as the membrane. By the rafters, the waterproofing is laid from the eaves to the ridge, rolling the rolls horizontally. Joints of individual rolls are made on rafters, overlapping between them - 15 cm. Sagging of membranes is not allowed - they should be well stretched.
We warm the roof, and then put the vapor barrier
We continue to cook the "cake of the roof of metal". Just behind the waterproofing membrane, on the inside, lies a heater. Most often for such purposes, mats of basalt cotton wool are used, but other types of insulation can be used.
- See article for more details: Insulation for roofing - we make the right choice
Mats made of basalt fiber are laid between roof rafters. If you need to put more than one layer, then the joints between the mats of the first layer overlap with the plates of the second one. Otherwise, cold bridges can make themselves felt. On top of the heater, a vapor barrier membrane is laid. It is necessary that evaporation from internal premises can not be accumulated in a heater.
- More about the vapor barrier: Steam insulation - which side to the heater is properly laid
Protection of the insulation against penetration of moisture both from the inside and outside.
The general arrangement of a warm roof from metal tile.
Features of cold roofing
The main feature of this roof is that the skates themselves are not insulated, the heater is placed only on the lower part of the attic. It turns out in the house is warm, and the slopes are ventilated.
We protect the heater from moisture
In addition to the above-mentioned membranes, cold roofing from metal roofs allows the use of a waterproof film. In contrast to the membranes, the films should sag between the rafters by about 20 mm, to drain the condensate. As for a warm roof, the waterproofing must be laid horizontally, from the eaves to the ridge, with an overlap of 15 centimeters.
Common Device cold roof of metal.
An important element of the roof - lathing
To create a crate, use bars of 50/50 mm cross section and a 32/100 and 50/100 mm edged board. At the bottom of the roof slope, along the cornice overhang, two 50/100 boards are nailed. Then, over the waterproofing, a block of 50/50 mm blocks is packed. The bars are nailed along the rafters, from the ridge to the bottom. Above this grating with a certain step, the boards of the crate are horizontally fixed. The step of fixing these boards will depend on the type of profile of the metal tile which is planned to cover the roof.
The uppermost part of the roof requires hardening. To do this, you need to nail a pair of boards from each side of the ridge.
Roof ends
From the end of the roof you need to nail boards larger than the main crate, to the height of the profile of the metal tile.
Endowa is the inner junction of two roof slopes. In the places of passage of the valley, the crate is made solid.
- See the material: What is the endow and what is its device
Roofing
It simply has to be reliable, therefore it is done above the eave of the cornice. For the landmark, you can take the height of the bearing wall. The lining is needed in these places. Therefore additional plates are added between the ordinary crate and a solid foundation is made.
Elements of roofing system
The construction of the roof of metal roofing involves the fastening of all elements of the roofing system to the mounted crate, then we will consider all these elements.
Kerniznaya plank, holder for the gutter and the trough itself
At first fix special holders of the gutter. Then, a water drainage chute is attached. And only after this I fix the cornice. It is attached to the crate by screws so that the edge of the gutter does not stick out from under it.
Endovy roofs made of metal
Depending on the shape of the roof, there may be several such elements. The bottom end is attached to the crate under the roof, the upper valley (decorative strip) - above the roof. When docking the slats, the bottom valley is overlapped at least 10-15 cm. See the photo above.
Connections
These nodes are necessary for a tight abutment of the roof with pipes and walls. Like the valleys, they consist of upper and lower bars. After making an apron from the lower strips, a tie is put under it, intended to divert water to the valley or to the outer cornice. Then the roof covering is fastened and only the top cover plates are mounted over it.
Installation of metal tile
If a sheet of metal covers the entire roof slope, then the installation is carried out, starting with the ridge. At the first sheet we check the position relative to the butt and the cornice (over which it should protrude centimeters by 5). Next, mount the metal tile - at least from the right to the left (with the overlap of the following sheets to the previous ones), at least from the left to the right (with the overlap of the previous sheets). Each 3 connected sheets should be checked with respect to the parallelism of the cornice. Screws screw into the side overlap (the top point). Do not allow the grips to be grasped.
Now consider the scheme of the roof of metal, when the length of the roof slope is larger than the sheets of material. First join the sheets along their length. And then align the first 4 sheets on the butt. We fix each square meter of tile with self-tapping screws (with EPDM liner) in the amount of 6 or 8 pieces. The sheet (the bottom part) is attached to the bend of the wave where the material is adjacent to the crate. The mounting goes through the wave, the next rows of screws are staggered.
Finishing elements of the roofing system
End plates
From the end of the roof end plates are installed. Fix them with screws in 50 - 60 cm. At the same time, the overlap between adjacent slats should be about 50 mm.
Ridge bars
These elements can be flat or rounded. The latter additionally require a cap to be attached to its end. It is simple and conical, fastened with rivets or self-tapping screws. Before installing the laths under the shovel, we put the seal (universal or figured). The slats are mounted using ridge self-tapping screws.
The device of ventilating and passage elements
Ventilation outlet
Ventilation outlets are needed in every span of the rafters, otherwise there will be no good air exchange. But if there is an insulated "cold triangle" under the roof itself, there will be one exit for every 60 square meters of the roof. In the metal, make a hole, and then fix the element with screws to the edges of this hole. If the outlet contains no silicone sealant, then it is applied additionally.
Sewer outlet
The sewage outlet is connected to the riser. For this, a corrugated pipe is used. On the roof for the installation of the passage element a piece of metal tile is cut out. After installation of waterproofing, sealant and sealant, the sewerage outlet is inserted into the passage element (which is fixed to the metal tile by screws).
Output for antennas and electrical cables
To seal the docking areas of antennas, cables and chimneys of the "sandwich" type with roofing, special so-called antenna outputs are used. The rubber top of the antenna output is cut and made 20% smaller than the diameter of the passing pipe and pulled on the pipe. The base of the antenna output is given the shape of the profile of the metal tile and smeared it with a silicone sealant, screwed with screws to the metal tile.
On the photo (from left to right): 1. Ventilation outlet; 2. The outlet of sewage and exhaust; 3. Antenna output.
Arrangement of security elements and their purpose
Stairs
To climb the roof, you need a stable ladder. It consists of a wall and roof ladders with brackets. Brackets require 4 pieces per section, they are put in place of the lower wave bend, where the crate is solid. And the brackets, and the top of the roofing ladder bolt-screws. The wall ladder is installed so that the uppermost step is opposite the edge of the cornice. In this case, the wall staircase itself should be in alignment with the roofing.
Roofing
These metal elements are a necessary condition when working on the roof. They fix them with special supports to the continuous crate through the lower part of the wave, sealing with a rubber gasket. See the photo above.
Transitional bridges are needed for safe walking on the roof from the window of the attic, hatch or staircase. They fix them in the same way as the fences, only a continuous crate is not necessary.
Snow holders are tubular, made of metal, painted in black, brown, red or green. They are installed along the entire perimeter of the roof, above the cornice overhang. In addition, they are necessarily placed above the entrance to the house, the windows of the attic, and above each level of the multi-storey roof.
Roof System Scheme Metal Profile
Below is the scheme of the roofing system of the company Metal Profile. On it all the nodes discussed above are connected to the whole roof.
Gutter system
A competent roof installation for metal tiles necessarily involves a reliable drainage system. It consists of various elements.
Gutter
For one drainpipe, according to the rules, there are 10 meters of gutter, no more. On this gutter is cut a V-shaped hole and a width of 10 centimeters - there will be inserted an outlet funnel. It must be fixed in 15 centimeters from the edge of the trough.
- Roofing of metal and its construction
- The device and installation of the ridge unit
- Fronton unit and its assembly
- Installation of the cornice unit
- Design and installation of the grades
- Adjacent node and its installation
All nodes of the roof of the metal should be installed correctly, in compliance with all rules and regulations. On this depends the integrity and reliability of the whole roofing. After all, the roof is an external element of the entire roof, designed to protect the home from rainfall.
Figure 1. Scheme of the ridge knot.
That is why the material of which the roofing is composed must be strong enough, reliable and durable and at the same time it is easy to repair in case of damage. These requirements are fully met by modern roofing material, such as metal roofing. However, the violation of rules and errors in assembling metal-tiled roofs can nullify all of its positive qualities.
Roofing of metal and its construction
Metal tile is a profiled steel sheet with thickness from 0,4 to 0,6 mm, the surface of which imitates the surface structure of the tiled roof. To prevent corrosion, the sheet is covered with a layer of zinc, and on top of it polymer layer, which is painted in different colors. The main advantages of metal roofing are:
Figure 2. The scheme of the windshields.
- Resistance to corrosion, strength and the resulting long service life, reaching 50 years.
- A relatively small specific weight, which greatly facilitates the process of transportation and installation.
- Resistance to temperature extremes and fire safety.
- Very attractive and aesthetic appearance, giving the entire house a smart appearance, which is promoted by a variety of color shades.
To ensure that the roof is warm, layers of waterproofing are laid under it, insulation material and vapor barrier. Metal roofing is made of surface roofing. Sheets fit on the rafter, starting from the lower edge of the roof slope with a mandatory overlap of at least 10 cm. At the same time, and in some cases before that, installation of roofing units is taking place. The structural nodes of the roof are divided into several varieties, including the cornice, wall, ridge, gable and endovye nodes. Each of the elements of the roofing metal has its own rules for installation and installation.
Back to contents
The device and installation of the ridge unit
A ridge is a structural element that overlaps the upper horizontal edge of the roof slopes at the point of their connection. Its main function is to provide ventilation of the under-roof space. He takes on the main load in a strong wind. In total six different forms of skates are known, each of which is intended for a certain type of roof. Most often in a low-rise building today uses a semi-circular shape with a standard width or narrowed (Fig. 1).
Figure 3. Location of the cornice.
The horse is last mounted.
It itself is slightly bent to fit tightly to the slopes of the roof and mounted on the layer of waterproofing or sealant.
The installation process begins on the leeward side of the end, with the extreme bar extending two to three centimeters beyond the edge.
All subsequent slats are placed with an overlap of 10 cm, joining the stamping lines.
After that, the slats are fastened with self-tapping cross-sections of 4.8 mm and 80 mm length with a sealing washer to the roofing sheets into the crest of the wave in steps of 80 cm. End caps are put on the ends.
Back to contents
Fronton unit and its assembly
This node includes the right and left pediments of the gables, otherwise called the wind girders (see Figure 2). They are mounted already after installation of roofing sheets, starting from the bottom upwards with an overlap of at least 10 cm. They should completely cover the edges of the roofing sheets, if they were previously clipped. The pediment to the pediment board is fixed, and under it necessarily it is necessary to bring a waterproofing. The main objective of this bar is to protect the multi-layered roofing construction gusts of strong winds.
Fastening of the pediment must be done in two planes. To the roofing sheets, it is attached with the same screws as the skate, that is, in the lower part of every second wave. On the perpendicular plane, this bar is attached to the endboard with self-tapping screws with a step of not more than 80 cm. At the same time, in the fixed state, it must be higher than the crate to the height of the roofing wave.
Back to contents
Installation of the cornice unit
Figure 4. The scheme of the grounds.
This node (Figure 3) is designed to protect the lower part of the roof and the edges of the under-roof space from the effects of rainfall, especially snow blowing in winter.
Unlike the pediment board, the cornice board is placed before the installation of the roof covering, the sheets of which must be closed to allow the rainwater to flow directly into the gutter. It is a strip of sheet metal of the same design and color as the metal roof, bent in the longitudinal axis at an obtuse angle.
On the protruding part of the cornice is put a continuous crate, and the curtain rod is attached to its first board. It is installed with an overlap of at least 10 cm using the same screws as metal, but with a neoprene gasket. The overlap is necessary to prevent the vibrations of the sections of the cornice bar during gusts of strong wind. Fastening of the bar with self-tapping screws is performed in steps of not more than 25 cm. It is desirable to install a comb of the aero element of the overhang over the curtain strip so that birds do not nest under the roof.
Roof - the top element of the entire roof, designed to protect the structure from atmospheric precipitation. The construction of a roof made of metal tiles will not only resist weathering, but also resist other unfavorable environmental factors. To fulfill its functions, such coverage must meet certain requirements, and its device must be carried out with strict compliance of technology.
Why metal tile - the rationale for choosing
The choice of material for the roofing device is always related to the degree of fulfillment of the basic requirements imposed on the roof.
The main requirements are:
- resistance to precipitation;
- resistance to the effects of low temperatures (in winter) and high (summer) - the choice of material depending on climatic conditions;
- solar radiation;
- precipitation from acid rain;
- high level of resistance to mechanical stress during operation and repair.
The roofing material must meet the requirements of maintainability, be reliable and durable.
Sheets of metal tiles meet all of these requirements in full. Profiled sheets with corrugated corrugated form imitate the surface of ceramic tiles, inheriting its basic technical properties and characteristics. Metal tiles are made of hot-galvanized sheet thickness 0.5-0.7 mm with a polymer coating in accordance with GOST R 52146 and TU 14-1-4792. The choice of such a basis allows to achieve a high level of strength and reliability of the material.
Production technology provides for the profiling by rolling, which ensures the correctness of the shape of all finished products without exception.
The composition of the sheet metal includes special layers of substances and chemical elements, providing a high level of protection against corrosion. In addition, the use of modern polymers allows you to perform a decorative function.
Roof from metal tile is used for arrangement pitched roofs (slope more than 12 °).
The main advantage of this material is its own weight. Despite the insulation and waterproofing, the weight of the roof in comparison with the use of other roofing materials will remain the easiest.
The device of a roof from a metal tile - basic rules for selecting elements
For the roofing, the main material is used - metal tile sheets, as well as component parts. An obligatory element of technologically correct installation is the use of anticondensate films and heat-insulating material.
The main criteria for the selection of metal tiles is the height of the corrugation, the size of which according to the standard is in the range 10 - 25 mm.
The height of the corrugation, as well as the type and color of the polymer coating on the front side of the surface of the building material is chosen based on aesthetic tastes and requirements for architectural design.
When choosing a metal tile, special attention should be paid to the thickness of the sheet. In order to ensure that no deformation occurs during the operation, a material of at least 0.5 mm thick is used for the roofing of metal roofing.
Among modern heat insulating materials, foreseen for the realization of such tasks is most often used plate, consisting of fibrous and foam plastic materials, on a cement binder. In addition, additional thermal insulation materials can be used - shungisite, expanded clay, vermiculite, perlite.
Antikondensatnye films, as a rule, are made of vapor-proof, moisture-absorbing material.
To protect the attic from moisture, which can penetrate from outside the building, the anti-condensate film is made of a moisture-absorbing nonwoven material. The film is laid under the roof and its main purpose is to prevent the condensate from draining to the thermal insulation. The mechanism of action is based on the properties of a moisture-absorbing, quick-drying material.
To protect from the condensation of the thermal insulation of structures with high humidity select antioxidant films made of vapor-proof material.
The device of underlaying anticondensate films is mandatory. Technical conditions for the selection of material are specified based on local conditions at the stage of project adjustment.
In the places of joints (overlapping) of sheets of metal tile, places of passage, and also exit chimney, on the formed sections of the coating material, roofing components are used. The additional elements are designed to hide the rough edges of the metal, formed slits and gaps. When using roofing accessories are supported specifications integrity of the coating (reliability and strength), as well as significantly improving the aesthetics of the appearance (attractiveness and neatness).
The roof metal structure assumes the following additional accessories:
- slats, ridge, cornice, end, for seams, external and internal corners, joints, etc .;
- snow holder;
- valleys;
- passing elements;
- a sheet for covering external depressions;
- outlet pipe.
In order to fix sheets of metal tiles, use the following types of bars and parts:
- the ridge of the ridge on the Monterrey profile;
- end on the ridge bar (for the hipped roof end on the ridge bar and bar of the form "Y" for the end of the hipped roof);
- end plate 50? 50 mm (103? 115 mm);
- curtain rod for metal tile;
- strap for internal seams and joints;
- for external corners;
- for internal angles;
- with inner and outer corners;
- for seams and joints;
- the upper bar;
- lateral;
- bar for razzhelobki.
Accessories for the roof of metal roofing are applied in full volume, without fail. Refusal of accessories and additional elements can lead to improper installation of the roof, and therefore, to shorten the period of its operation.
Roof from metal: technology devices
Projects of roofs of houses
The construction of a roof is a complex and time-consuming process, which is quite difficult to implement without consulting specialists and the help of an experienced team-mate.
Installation work starts from the measurement of skates. In this case, the perpendicularity of the roof ends is established with respect to the lines of the cornices and the ridge.
The casing is made of boards with a section of 32x100 mm. The distance between the edges of the battens should be equal to 350 mm (equal sizes between the edges of the metal tile). The distance from the outer edge of the cornice board is about 300 mm.
If the size of the transverse edges of the metal tile is different from the standard, then the crate is suitably sized according to the new dimensions.
The technology of the roof of metal-quarry requires the following conditions:
- Ribbed sheathing boards, as well as wood material on the end sections (extreme at the cornices) are placed above the other boards.
- The edges of the sheets of metal tiles are covered with solid planks.
- Installation of sheets of metal tiles begin with the end sections.
- All overlaps are made at the transverse border of the sheet, with a length of about 250 mm.
- The horse is closed with special additional accessories - ridge elements with sealing. Semicylindrical form promotes a denser laying on the upper ends of profile sheets of metal.
- On the cold inner surface of the metal roofing creates conditions for ventilation under the roof. To prevent the formation of condensation from the eaves to the ridge, a roll material is placed under the crate.
- The roofs are made with the help of a special razlizobochnogo element. For this purpose, an intermediate structure is mounted on the skin, on which a prilling element is attached.
- The gaps under the ridge, between the metal tile sheets and the milling element are sealed using special sealing bands, or silicone or any other curing sealant.
- Fasteners of metal tiles are bolted or screwed in accordance with the schemes.
When conducting any installation works You should walk in shoes with soft soles. It is important to try to step only in the deflection of the wave and in the places of the crate.
The construction of the roof from metal tile must be carried out in strict accordance with all stages of work.
To prepare the roof for installation, it is necessary to evaluate the integrity and evenness of the surface. In cases where defects and irregularities are identified, measures are first taken to eliminate them. Also check the correctness of the dimensions of the roof and the shape, for this, measure the skate diagonals. If the bias can not be technically corrected, then the metal tile is laid, leveling the lower edge of the crate with the overhang of the building material.
Roofing material is laid from the bottom up, with the top sheet overlapping the bottom. Installation of the roof begins from the lower left corner. And in order for the line of the cornice to be smooth, when carrying out the installation work, special attention is paid to laying the first sheet.
Features of mounting additional structural elements
The technology of strengthening additional accessories and roof elements with a device made of metal has its own characteristics, which must be taken into account.
Cornice lath for metal tiles is attached to the last board of the crate, and the lap length of the laths is 100 mm. This fastening is made before the installation of the main material.
The end plates are attached along the gables from the bottom up. The peculiarity of this type of installation works is that the slats should cover the end edges of the sheets.
Ridge bars should be installed after the installation of the roof, end plates, securing the seal.
Roof pie - structure and features of the device
As is known, the roof is a construction consisting of a different number of layers, performing different kinds tasks. Such a set is called a roofing pie. Roof pie under the metal, in most cases consists of the following set of layers and elements:
- metal tile;
- crate (unedged board 25x100mm or beams 40x50);
- counter-lathing (board 25х100мм not edging);
- waterproofing (diffusion membrane);
- vapor barrier;
- a heater (a basalt plate 150мм);
- rafters (wooden bar 50x100 or 100x150);
- connecting tape (double-sided scotch tape);
- the spillway is round;
- hook for fastening the chute;
- frontal board (wooden 30x150 edging);
- windshield;
- horse;
- ventilation "skate" in the waterproofing;
- vent holes in the profile seal;
- air gap between waterproofing.
The roofing cake option is determined depending on the roof type individually and is fixed in the design documentation.
Roof pie for various types of roofs
For a cold roof, the roofing cake for the metal tile consists of supporting structures, metal tiles, a counter-lattice and a gyro-insulation film. The installation of such a film has some features. It is fastened by staples of the stapler (construction) and is pressed by screws to the fixing boards of the control tab.
When attaching a film, she needs to set some slack (15 - 25 mm). This condition will help during the operation to ensure ventilation of the underside of the sheet metal.
If this condition is violated, the moisture will accumulate in the places of close fitting of the film, so that the corrosion process will start quickly enough.
Such a cold version of the roof of metal roofing in the construction of houses is used very rarely, this is due to the increased noise (sound conductivity) of the material.
In addition, this version of the cold roof has several disadvantages:
- low air permeability due to the obstacle created by the crate;
- complexity with fixing the waterproofing film on the rafters;
- impossibility of installation in the waterproofing layer of the "ventilating skate";
- increase the consumption of wood on the crate.
In order to reduce the noise level, and also be able to more effectively use the under-roof space, arrange a warm roof. Although the cost of construction will be increased, the result of efforts and investments, will be an additional area for household and business premises.
Roof pie under the metal tile will include the following layers:
- roof supporting structure (longitudinal runs, rafters);
- vapor barrier (one-sided moisture permeability is provided);
- heat insulation;
- ventilation gap (the space between the thermal insulation and rafters and purlins;
- waterproofing (waterproof film, or membrane with one-sided permeability to the outside);
- controllabel (serves for fixing the crate and pressing the waterproofing);
- crate (a beam of a certain design section, on which the roof is fastened);
- sheets of metal.
Roof pie under the metal tile has a weak point - a heater. It is rather important to weigh all the features of the material before buying a heater, or consult a specialist. For example, when choosing a foam as a foam, it is necessary to take into account its higher cost in comparison with a roll thermal insulation (mineral or glass wool). In addition, such material does not have sufficient flexibility, which leads to the formation of additional waste at an irregular step of the rafters.
The most popular type of thermal insulation materials are technical cotton wool. However, the peculiarity of this version of the material is its hygroscopicity. Such a defect is found when the moisture is collected. At high humidity, the unprotected layer loses up to 80% of the insulating properties.
In order to prevent damage to the thermal insulation of the roofing cake, the roofing structure made of metal tiles includes gaps between the thermal insulation (from 30 to 40 mm) and the upper layers of the roof, as well as between the waterproofing and the metal roofing (10-15 mm).
To remove moisture in the insulation use a method of natural blowing.
Features of the installation of roofing pie
Installation work of installing layers of roofing from metal roofing is carried out in a certain order, the violation of which will lead to a weakening of performance.
- Installing the vapor barrier. Attachment of the vapor barrier film is carried out from the inside of the rafters. In some cases, it is necessary to mount the film with a gap (provided by a counter-coating thickness of 30 mm).
- Mounting is carried out in the direction from the bottom row to the upper one, with the overlap of 100 mm.
- The formed and longitudinal joints are closed with a vapor-proof film.
- The space between the lags is carefully filled with a heater (gaps).
- Waterproofing is installed using a similar technology.
The roofing cake should be arranged completely before the beginning of the installation of the metal tile sheets.
Roof construction made of metal - fastening of separate elements
When constructing the roof, it is important to take into account the peculiarities of fastening not only sheets, but also individual additional units and elements. Such attention to detail will ensure the reliability of the entire structure and exclude the risk of formation of "weak" places not only of the surface, but of the entire roof.
When installing the end plates, it is necessary to observe the rule of fastening them to each other (overlap of 2 cm or on the flange)
If the tile is not fitted to the width of the ramp by the size of the wave, then it may turn out that the lower crest of the wave will be on the pediment. In this case it is recommended to additionally add a roofing strip or adjust the gable overhang.
To improve the fit of materials, it is recommended that a sheet of metal tile and a strip lay an additional layer of sealant.
In cases where elements of the roof of metal tile are installed independently, typical mistakes occur. For example, quite often in a rectangular slope, when installing attic windows, they are built into a sheet of metal tile. "Apron" of the window. With this approach, a hole forms in the roof along the edge of the incision.
At the device of auditory, mansard windows, pipes located below the ridge, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the technology of using metal roofing while covering the roof. In this case, the use of single-modular sheets is recommended (for each element there are two sheets).
Rules for the installation of the ridge
The installation of the skate strap also involves the observance of certain rules:
- Before mounting the ridge of the ridge, it is recommended that work be carried out on the installation of under-roof ventilation.
When performing installation works on the roof with gentle slopes, it is necessary to install an aerial between the ridge bar and the metal tile sheets. Such a constructive approach will reduce the risk of snow falling under the skate.
- When installing in a skate of point ventilation holes, it is mandatory to install a seal.
When carrying out this type of installation, the skate is mounted on the end plates, and the work is carried out from the end. The edge projection is 20-30 mm.
- When installing a flat skate, the parts are lapped. A semicircular horse is fastened along the profile lines.
- In case the roof has an angle of inclination of more than 45 degrees (acute), it is necessary to accurately calculate the combination of the model of the ridge and the angle of inclination of the roof in advance. Such calculations are recommended to entrust specialists, because a small error in the figures can lead to the need to purchase metal roofing in full.
- In order to more accurately repeat the angles of the inclination of the roof slopes, it is recommended that the ridge shelves be bent or unbent as needed.
- Ridge knots of a roof from metal for trapezoid and triangular skates are mounted according to the scheme of adjustment of a lath to a corner of a ridge. In this case, the straight edge is recommended to be cut in accordance with the corners. Installation of a semicircular skate involves the installation of a plastic cap.
- Ridge knots of a roof from metal for trapezoid and triangular skates are mounted according to the scheme of adjustment of a lath to a corner of a ridge.
Plastic plug, which comes in the kit, it is recommended to replace the steel made by craftsmen on their own.
It should be ensured that the axis of the ridge of the ridge corresponds to the axis of the ridge. If the angles of the adjacent rajids have the same value, this is not difficult. In another embodiment, experts use a bright mounting tape or a plastic V-tee to control the respective junctions.
Knots of a roof from a metal tile - features of the valley installation
A special place in the construction of the roof of metal roofing is the location of the valley. On the roof, this place starts from the ridge and goes down to the cornice.
The technology of the device assumes the installation of an additional board for each flat. It is important to remember that the straps must be installed from the bottom up. The overlap with this technique is 20-30 cm.
The gap between the axial line of the valley and the sheets of metal should not be less than 6.0-10.0 cm.
Check the correct assembly of the roof structure from the metal tile is quite simple. If all the works are carried out correctly and all requirements are strictly observed at the fixing points, the coating sheet should touch the board. In case of miscalculation or error, the metal tile will be fixed at other points, which will lead to the formation of gaps. Such a defect will necessarily lead to leaks in the first period of operation.
In order to close the cut sheets, the valleys are decorated with decorative pads. When implementing this process, experts recommend:
- to mount a decorative overlay from below-upwards;
- compliance with the size of the overlap (not less than 10 cm);
- between a decorative overlay and metal tile installation of a sealant is not provided;
- the installation of the decorative cover provides for accurate installation of self-tapping screws (no damage to the raincoat).
The device of a roof from a metal tile provides various kinds of designs. Some of them provide for the presence of the valley, which begins and ends on the slopes. If we consider the case of the correct arrangement of the dormer window, then it is not difficult to notice the additional installation of the board under the valley. The technology of such an installation assumes the level of cutting the metal sheet higher by 20 cm than the exit of the valley on the slope. Under the front and side walls of the dormer window, cutouts are made in the covering construction material. Installation works assume the following work processes:
- installation along the walls of the dormer window of the sealant;
- closing the rod of the cornice overhang;
- mounting the raindrops;
- pruning the slat along the ramp and along the ledge.
In order for the edge that goes to the ramp to fit tightly to the metal sheet, it is recommended that the upper edge of the valley be molded by hand. Also it is necessary to pierce the bottom sheet with a mallet. If necessary, you can extend the valley, but provided that the overlap size will be 20-30 cm. In most cases, the abutment of the ends to each other is fixed with self-tapping screws with a sealant.
It is necessary to install a sealant under the flanges of the valley. On the main slope over the valley, the sheets are laid according to a scheme that provides for fixation between the upper and lower rows. It is more than 20 cm.
The device of a roof from a metal tile - technology of a bypass of pipes
The technology of the roof installation assumes the installation works not only on a flat surface. The roof design assumes installation of a pipe and other objects.
When installing the coating material, it is necessary to take into account all the features of the correct installation work. For professional circumvention of the pipe, it is necessary to prepare its surface at the junction site.
At the preparatory stage the following types of work:
- the surface of the pipe is completely plastered;
- on the sides waterproofing;
- on the slope, at a distance no further than 80 cm from the rear wall, a drainage channel is installed;
- above the pipe install additional crate.
When constructing the roof, the sheets of metal tile, which are located on both sides of the pipe, are cut off above the punching line. In this case, the cut will pass no more than 15 cm from the pipe to the punching lines.
The upper and lower aprons are measured on the side, the height of which is not less than 15 cm. The measurement is taken from the top of the roofing.
In order for the design to meet all the requirements of reliability and integrity, it is also necessary to carefully measure the side of the apron, which lies on the ramp (height not less than 20 cm). A prerequisite is to close the apron of the nearest wave crest with an apron. Aprons are fastened with self-tapping screws and sealant. It is mandatory to use a sealant.
Following the sequence of operations, it is necessary first to connect the bottom and side aprons, and then proceed to mount the upper one. An obligatory condition for the installation of the upper apron is the covering of sheets of metal tiles by 10-20 cm.
The upper apron can not be mounted in the incision of metal roofing. With such a defect in the installation work, the flow of water under the roof is inevitable.
If the pipe is located at a distance of less than 1 m from the ridge, then the installation of the metal roof is much easier. In this case, the upper part of the apron is wound under the skate.
The danger of the pipe lying on the ridge is considered unprofessional approach when sealing the joints of the side aprons of different rajids.
If objects with a width of more than 0.8 m are encountered on the roof, then the installation of the metal tile is carried out in accordance with the rules, requirements and instructions used for installing the valley. The nodes of the roof of the metal tile in this case form a slant, formed by two additional skates. According to the technology, the slopes are covered with metal roofing and the valleys are arranged.
The variant, in which the width of the object does not exceed 1.2 m, provides for covering the divergences flat steel sheet instead of the main covering material.
However, there are more complex design solutions. In the case when the shape of the pipe is round, it can not do without the help of specialists. Bypassing the round pipe when installing the roof from metal tile is a very complex technical process. Referring to specialists for help, it should be remembered that the prices for installation work on this part of the roof are much more expensive than on the rest of the surface.
The device of a round pipe will complicate the process of installing the roofing from metal roofing.
Roof of metal - the choice is yours
When choosing metal roofing as the main material for covering your roof, it is necessary to take into account that it is a modern covering material with a huge list of advantages.
Technical characteristics, as well as high operational properties, allow to maintain a high level of consumer demand in the market of domestic coating materials. Today, you can choose the necessary covering material for any type of pitched roof, which meets various requirements. Construction shops are ready to offer the buyer products of various brands and manufacturers.
To make a final decision when choosing this material, you should consider in more detail its advantages and disadvantages.
Advantages of roofing from metal:
- compared with other coating materials (ceramic tiles and slate);
- simplicity and ease of installation work on the installation of the roof (the ability to install with certain skills);
- a wide range ofcolor palette (over 40 shades);
- the presence of stiffeners, which provides high strength of the material;
- high technical properties and performance characteristics;
- compliance with modern requirements;
- environmental friendliness.
One of the shortcomings considered by us is noise during hail and rain impacts. In addition, with the self-opening of the roof remains a large amount of waste of profiled material.
With a competent analysis of the main advantages and disadvantages of this material, the conclusion becomes obvious even to a specialist. The coating of metal tile is quite strong and beautiful.
Subject to all considered structural features such a roof and the moments of installation work, the roof made of metal roofing is guaranteed to last about 50 years.
However, it should be remembered that flat roofs profiled metal sheet is not covered. The slope of the roof under the metal-tile coating is from 1.5-2 to 11 degrees.
Regardless of the type of metal tile, the manufacturing company or even the country of production, the very technology of mounting metal tile practically in all its cases is the same. Often, the installation and installation of metal tiles is not very difficult, and it can be installed with your own hands in just a few days. At the same time, the main problem that arises during installation is that it is correct to make the roofing units of metal roofing. About what there are knots of metal tile, and how to do them we will talk further.
Basic types of conditionalities:
- Cornice knots;
- End nodes;
- Fronton knots;
- Wall-mounted units;
- And skate knots.
Cornice knots of metal tiles are usually not very difficult to install, because the direct laying of the metal is made on the crate, and the lower edge of the roof, protruding from the wall, is sewn wooden board, sidings spotlights or lining. The basic design of the cornice metal tile assembly is shown in the figure below.
The first type of cornice unit
The second type of cornice unit
The third type of cornice unit
The end nodes of the metal tile usually represent the greatest difficulties, since different surfaces of the roof are interfaced or joined in the end nodes, which requires the cutting of the profile of the metal tile in accordance with the roof profile and the additional padding of the joint of metal or metal-plastic end. The basic design of the endo node of the metal tile is shown in the figure below.
The metal-tile fronton unit, as well as the cornice assembly, does not present great difficulties during installation, and the direct laying of the metal tile is done on the crate, and the lower edge of the roof that protrudes from the wall is covered with a wooden board, sidewalk soffits or lining. Fronton slats are usually installed along the pediments of the roof from the cornice upwards with overlapping of the slats along the length by 100 mm, overlapping the end edges of the metal tile. The principal design of the gable roof metal knot is shown in the figure below.
Pristenniy knot metal, serves to seal the joint of the abutment of the roof and the wall. The principal design of the wall unit of the metal tile is shown in the figure below.
The ridge knot of metal tile serves to seal the joint of the roof slopes from metal roofing in the upper part of the roof. For this purpose, a metal or metal-plastic hobby pin is used to prevent rain and snow. The basic design of the ridge knot of metal tiles is shown in the figure below.