I approve
CEO
ZAO TechnoNIKOL
___________ / Kolesnikov SA /
Management
on the design and construction of operated roofs with
application of bitumen-polymeric materials of the company "TekhnoNIKOL"
Moscow 2005
Guide to the design and installation of exploited roofs using materials produced by the company "TechnoNIKOL" TechnoNIKOL CJSC was developed (Fisyurenko DA - technical specialist of TechnoNIKOL Company, Koldashev SN - technical specialist of TechnoNIKOL Company). The manual takes into account the comments and additions Voronina AM. (Candidate of Technical Sciences, Head of the Roofing Department of TsNIIPROMZDANIY).
Recently, thanks to the rapid development of building technologies, there are more and more new architectural solutions, related to the formation of the appearance of the building or structure, and the expansion of its functionality. The roof was not an exception.
In the modern megalopolis, the cost of a site for building is growing every year, so the issue of rational use of all available areas, as well as the use of areas on the roof, is increasingly raised. Operated roofs allow you to completely change the appearance of the building and actively use the roof for the construction of terraces, summer cafes, car parks, etc.
The company "TekhnoNIKOL", taking into account the growing interest in the roofs in operation, has developed a manual for the installation of exploited roofs for various operating loads. In this manual, the structures considered for both pedestrian and vehicular traffic are considered.
1. General Provisions.
1.1. This manual is intended for use in the design, installation and repair of exploited roofs made using waterproofing materials of the company "TechnoNICOLE": Technoelastmost B, Technoelastmost C, Technoelast EMF 5.5, Technoelast Green.
1.2. The manual is designed in addition to the chapterSNiP II-26-76 * "Roofs. Design standards »,SNiP 3.04.01-87 "Insulation and finishing coatings" and "Roofs. Guidance on design, design, acceptance rules and quality assessment methods ".
1.3. The slopes of roofs are taken in accordance with the norms for the design of buildings and structures. To ensure maximum service life roofing The slope of the base on which the waterproofing carpet is laid should be between 1.5 and 5%. The slopes of the top operating coating may differ from the slopes of the waterproofing layer, and minimum gradient can be 0%.
1.4. The construction and repair of roofs should be carried out by specialized organizations on the basis of working drawings, the project for the production of works, the conclusion of an expert commission, this Guide and standard technological maps for the installation of roofing. *
* In case of misinterpretation of this Guide and the opinion of the expert commission, the conclusion should be guided.
2. Materials used for the construction of operated roofs.
2.1. The materials used for the construction of the roofs to be used must meet the requirements of the technical specifications. For this purpose, a random check (input control) of each batch of materials received for construction is carried out. In case of non-compliance of materials with the requirements normative documents, the party is rejected and returned to the supplier.
2.2. The following materials are used for the construction of the roof:
Technoelastmost B (TU 5774-004-17925162-2003) - roll waterproofing fused bitumen-polymer material. The lower surface of the material is covered with a low-melting film, and the upper surface is fine-grained sand. It is used for the construction of waterproofing layer in exploited roofs. The material is produced only on a polyester basis, which does not change its characteristics when exposed to groundwater.
Technoelastmost C (TU 5774-004-17925162-2003) - roll waterproofing fused bitumen-polymer material. The material is used for the device of waterproofing with direct laying on it of cast asphalt.
Technoelast-Green (TU 5774-012-17925162-2004) - roll waterproofing root-resistant deposited bitumen-polymer material. The material is intended for the device of waterproofing of building structures where there is a danger of destruction or damage of the waterproofing layer by the root systems of plants. The material is used as the top layer of the waterproofing carpet.
The material Technoelast-Green has two types of protection from the root systems of plants: mechanical (thick polymer film from above) and chemical (special additive, distributed throughout the volume of the binder). As the lower layer of the waterproofing coating, Technoelast EPP or Technoelastmost B.
Technoelast EKP (TU 5774-003-00287852-99) - roll roofing and waterproofing melting bitumen-polymer material. It is used in the device of joining the roofing carpet to vertical surfaces. It is used in places where sunlight can be applied to the waterproofing carpet in a system with adjustable supports.The material has a shale powder on the upper surface for protection from ultraviolet radiation.
On the underside of all the deposited materials, a low-melting polymer film with an indicator pattern showing the readiness for laying the material at the time of fusion is deposited.
Technoelast EPP (TU 5774-003-00287852-99) - roll roofing and waterproofing melting bitumen-polymer material. It is used for waterproofing in exploited roofs. Can be used in combination with materials Technoelastmost B, Technoelast-Green, Technoelast EKP and EPM.
Technoelast-Fix EPM ( TU 5774-003-00287852-99) - roll roofing and waterproofing material. It is used with a free (without gluing) installation of the waterproofing carpet on the base, only side and end overlaps are welded. The material is used in case the adhesion of the lower layer to the base is difficult or impossible.
Primer bituminous TECHNONICOL № 01 (TU 5775-011-17925162-2003) - a solution of petroleum bitumen in organic solvents. It is used for priming surfaces from concrete slabs, cement-sand and pre-cast screeds before laying roll roofing and waterproofing materials.
Mastic for flexible shingles No. 23 (Fixer) (TU 5775-017-17925162-2004) - bituminous-polymeric gluing cold mastic. It is used for fixing the places of abutment of the roofing carpet to vertical surfaces, it is applied to the bend on top of the edge strip.
Mastic roofing hot № 41 (Eureka) (TU 5775-010-17925162-2003) - roofing and waterproofing bitumen-polymer hot mastic. Does not contain any solvent. When preparing the substrate is used to fill cracks in the base, with puttying irregularities and small chips. It is possible to seal with shrink joints in a cement-sand screed. Before use, heat the mastic to 160-180 ° C. Mastic should be heated in boilers with continuous stirring.
Draining materials:
Materials used as filter and separation layers.
2.3. Laying of waterproofing coating materials is done by fusing with propane burners. Technological features laying are given in the "Guide to the design and installation of roofing from bituminous polymeric materials of the company" TekhnoNIKOL. " The material Technoelast-Fix is laid without fusing on the base (loose laying) and serves as the bottom layer of waterproofing carpet. When laying the material Technoelast-Fix the place of overlap is fused with a gas burner. The material of the upper layer fuses directly onto the Technoelast-Fix. For allx vertical surfaces, the material of the lower layer is welded, and at the interface of the vertical and horizontal surfaces (abutments to walls and structures) a reinforcement layer is glued. In the roofs in use there is no need for a device for a transition edge for the laying of waterproofing.
3. Constructive solutions.
The constructive solutions of roofing pie for the device of exploited roofs have many options. Let us consider only some of them.
3.1. Inversion operated construction used to move or park vehicles.
The basis for the inversion roof can serve as hollow or ribbed slabs, monolithic reinforced concrete. Slopes are formed directly along the supporting base.
To create slopes on the roof apply keramzitobeton, polystyrene concrete, other compositions of lightweight concrete. Over the races arrange a reinforced screed of a cement-sand mix M 150 primed with primer bituminous TECHNONICOL No. 01. When priming bituminous concentrate TECHNONICOL № 02 is used for priming, it is bred with gasoline to the desired consistency.
Roof carpet is made of two layers waterproofing material. As the lower layer, Technoelastmost B or Technoelast-Fix is used. The installation of Technoelastmost B is performed by fusing with a gas burner. Technoelast-Fix fit freely lying. For the upper layer, the material is used. Technoelastmost B. In the places where the waterproofing carpet comes into contact with the soil layer, the root-layer material Technoelast-Green is used as the material of the top layer. The surface of the waterproofing material is covered with a layer of TekhnoNICOL needle-punched geotextile with a weight of at least 350-400 g / m 2.
In the inversion roof, the thermal insulation layer is located on top of the waterproofing layers, which perform the function of protecting the building against moisture ingress. When using this version of the roofing pie, heaters with a low water absorption coefficient are used. As a heater in such a roof, you can use only extruded polystyrene TECHNOPLEX 45. The insulation brand is chosen based on the existing loads and thermal calculation.
Drainage layer for removal of excessive moisture is arranged on the top surface of insulation boards. To do this, use a geo-drainage composite membranePlanter - plast it is a plastic mesh, covered with geotextiles on both sides. Composite membrane and needle-punched geotextile, laid under the layer of insulation, allows you to remove the moisture that entered the structure. It is allowed to use as a drainage layer - a layer of granite gravel with a thickness of at least 50 mm, laid between two layers of needle-punched Geotextile TechnoNICOL with a weight of 350-400 g / m 2. Before laying the cement-sand screed, the surface of the composite membrane must be closed with a Pergamon or a TechnoNICOL ruber that forms a separating layer. The separating layer does not allow the cement membrane to be clogged with cement milk. Use as a separating layer plastic film can not.
In insulated exploited roofs prior to laying of asphalt concrete, reinforced cement-sand screed or cast reinforced concrete slab, depending on the operating load. The screed redistributes the load and does not allow deforming the layer of asphalt concrete when it is heated in the summer. To avoid the appearance of a track, the asphalt concrete layer should not exceed 70 mm.
Since the construction of the roof is multilayered, the diversion of water must be carried out both from the surface of the asphalt and from the surface of the waterproofing carpet. For this, two-level funnels are used.
In places where the roof is connected with roofing structures and in the contiguities to the parapet walls, it is necessary to construct joints that compensate for the deformations that occur when the asphalt concrete and cement-sand screed are heated.
The deformation stitches existing in the building must be removed through the roof. When the expansion joints are installed in the waterproofing layer rubber dowels are installed, and in the asphalt-concrete layer waterproofing dowels similar to those used for the construction of bridge structures are installed.
When installing the roofs without insulation, the asphalt concrete layer is laid directly on the waterproofing material Technoelastmost C, without the device of intermediate layers.
This construction is simple in execution, but, in case of replacement of the asphalt-concrete coating, its complete removal is eliminated in order to avoid damaging the waterproofing carpet. As a rule, in such cases, leave a layer of asphalt concrete on the waterproofing surface with a thickness of at least 2 cm. The asphalt concrete is removed mechanically.
If during the operation it is supposed to remove the asphalt-concrete layer, without repair repair of waterproofing and non-mechanized method, then between the waterproofing and asphalt it is necessary to lay reinforced cement-sand screed with a thickness of 40-50 mm.
Installation of funnels drain system is made directly reinforced cement-sand screed, which is waterproofed waterproofing material. To ensure that the funnel is not deformed under load, it is closed on top with a steel grating resting on the embedded elements.
3.2. Operated roofs for terraces and cafes.
As a rule, along with increased requirements for appearance, the roofs used for the installation of cafes or terraces are subject to stringent requirements for protection from leaks. For the device of these roofs, we recommend the use of an inversion system. The inversion system is more reliable, since it has multi-layered protection from leaks. The only difference from the exploited roofs, used under parking for cars, in the upper layer of the roof construction.
The thickness of cement-sand screed depends on the loads acting on the surface of the roof, but should not be less than 50 mm. The screed is made from a mortar with a vintage strength of at least 150. The reinforcement of the screed is produced either by a road net with a cell not exceeding 150 × 150 mm or steel reinforcement.
A layer of polyurethane mastic is applied over the screed, protecting the screed from water saturation and freezing. Polyurethane mastic is applied in at least 2 layers, and the total thickness of the application should not be less than 1.5 mm. The top layer of mastic, immediately after application, is sprinkled with dry quartz sand to create a bonding layer with tile adhesive.
In the finishing layer, a decorative tile with low water absorption is used, laid on a specialized glue for tiles.
The materials used for the device of the waterproofing layer and drainage are similar to those used for the device of the roofsfor moving or parking of vehicles.
In roofs with low load (where it is not supposed to move or parking) can be used instead of geocompositePlanter - plast drainage membranePlanter - geo.
To divert water to such roofs, two-level funnels are also used.
Insignificant differences have elements of mating the roof with walls and roofing structures.
The deformation nodes must pass through the entire structure of the roof.
3.3. Operational traditional roofing.
Operated roofs, manufactured according to the traditional scheme, do not allow the same intensive exploitation as inversion roofs. As a rule, such roofs have special operating rules.
Similar designs are used not only for the construction of roofs in use, but also for protecting the roofing carpet on the roofs adjacent to residential buildings.
The developed design allows you to easily withstand the drop of sufficiently heavy objects on the roof surface without damaging the waterproofing layer.
Additionally, the fire characteristics of the roofing are improved, the flame does not spread over the surface of the waterproofing layer.
The most simple to implement are the roofs with paving slabs, laid on fine gravel. On the surface of the waterproofing material is laid the layer of needle-punched Geotextile TechnoNICOL with a weight of 350-400 g / m 2. Geotextile is necessary to protect the waterproofing material from pressing with sharp edges of granite gravel. According to geotextile, a layer of gravel is filled with fraction 5-20. The thickness of the gravel layer should be at least 50 mm, and, changing the thickness of the layer, you can get a horizontal surface, if necessary. At large thicknesses of the gravel layer, additional layers of geotextile are laid in it to prevent displacement of the paving slabs during operation.
To protect the roof from falling objects it is better to use reinforced paving slab.
It is very simple in such a roof to realize contiguity to the walls and any structures passing through the roofing carpet. When laying tiles from any wall or structure, a gap of 200 mm is left, which is filled with gravel.
For water disposal, the usual single-level funnels are installed in the waterproofing layer. The funnel can be covered with a layer of gravel and covered with paving slabs.
3.4. System with adjustable plastic supports.
The system is a set of height-adjustable plastic supports and special paving slabs. For today it is the most convenient system for the device of an exploited roof. This system is easy to assemble and has the minimum weight of all previously considered systems. The only drawback - the gaps between the plates formed when installing paving slabs on the stand.
As in exploited roofs with paving slab laid along the gravel layer, single-level funnels are used. The funnel can be located under the paving slab.
In the places of abutment to vertical walls and parapets, it is necessary to install aluminum elements that compensate for the heating of tiles during operation.
4. Repair of roofing carpet.
4.1. Repair of exploited roofs of both combined and inverse type is made with a complete dismantling of the roofing cake to the waterproofing material.
4.2. Small damage to the roofing carpet, such as punctures, cuts are fixed by installing a patch on the surface of the roofing carpet.
4.3. The patch must have rounded edges and cover the damaged surface by at least 100 mm in all directions.
4.4. To install the patch:
· Clean the place of damage from debris and dust.
· Cut the patch on the 100mm overlapping damage to the roofing carpet and round the corners on the patch.
· Warming the place of installation of the patch with a gas burner, melt the upper film on the material Technoelast-Green until the appearance of the bitumen-polymer binder.
· Fuse the patch.
5. Quality control of the roofing. Acceptance rules.
5.1. The roofing device must be preceded by the acceptance of a base or leveling layer.
5.2. The smoothness of the base and its roughness is checked by a three-meter GOST 2789 -75 *. The rail is laid on the surface of the base in the longitudinal and transverse directions and, using the meter in the kit, the gaps are measured along the length, rounding the measurement results to 1 mm. Clearances under a three-meter-long strip must be only smooth outlines and not more than one per 1 m. The maximum depth of the lumen should not exceed 5 mm.
5.3. The moisture content of the base is evaluated immediately before the waterproofing device by a non-destructive method using a surface moisture meter, for example, VCMM-12, or on base samples in accordance with GOST 5802-86 . Humidity is determined at three points of the insulated surface. With a roof area exceeding 500 m 2, the number of measurement points is increased by one for every 500 m 2, but not more than six points. Solid bonding to the substrate can be made only if the moisture of the top layer of the substrate does not exceed 4%.
5.4. Before laying materials, the roofing materials are accepted according to the passports in accordance with GOST 2678-94 and GOST 26627-85 , comparing physical and mechanical characteristics with those given in this manual. Upon the customer's request for a control check of the physical and mechanical characteristics of the material, the tests are performed in accordance with the Specifications for its production and GOST 2678-94 . Determination of the quantitative characteristics of the characteristics should also be carried out in the event of an expired warranty period for the storage of the material. In case of inconsistency of the received materials regulatory requirements constitute an act of marriage and such materials in the production of works do not apply.
5.5. When accepting the roof, visual control of the sizing of the side and end overlaps is made.
5.6. In the presence of bubbles on the roofing carpet, indicating that it does not stick to the base, they are eliminated. Bubble cut cross - crosswise. Unclamped ends of the material are bent, the base is heated with a gas burner and the bent edges are glued, rolling the place of the bubble with a roller. The upper surface of the material in the place of installation of the patch is heated with a hot air dryer and the spatula is poured in a spatula. At the place of the bladder, a patch is placed overlying the damaged site in all directions of the incisions by 100 mm. Not more than three patches per 100 m 2 are allowed.
5.7. The results of the acceptance of the roof are formalized by an act on hidden works the established form.
6. Safety during waterproofing works.
6.1. The work on the installation of exploited roofs with waterproofing carpet made of bitumen-polymer materials should be carried out in accordance with the requirements SNiP 12-03-01 "Safety in construction"; "Fire Safety Rules in the Russian Federation" ( PPB-01 -93).
6.2. To work on the device and repair of roofs, men are allowed not younger than 21 years old, who have undergone preliminary and periodic medical examinations in accordance with the requirements of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; having professional training; as well as induction training on safety of work, fire and electrical safety, attire-admission.
6.3. The works must be carried out by waterproofing workers, who passed the technical minimum in accordance with the established procedure for production technology and safety engineering. The management of work and quality control should be performed by persons who have experience in roofing work. Each worker, while admitting to work, must be instructed in the workplace with an appropriate entry in the journal.
6.4. At the site there should be guidelines for the production of works.
6.5. Work must be carried out in compliance with fire safety requirements. Workplaces must be equipped with fire extinguishing means.
6.6. The application of primers to the substrate must be carried out in a direction that coincides with the direction of air movement (against the wind). In windless weather, it is necessary to use respirators with a carbon filter.
6.7. When working with primers and mastics containing a solvent, use of an open flame at the site of work is prohibited. It is inadmissible to combine the work resulting in sparking (work on cutting metal, polishing it, etc.), working with compositions containing a solvent.
6.8. A stock of solvent-containing materials in the workplace should not exceed the replacement requirement.
6.9. Skin of face and hands should be protected with special protective pastes and creams.
6.10. In the workplace there should be personal protective equipment: goggles, headphones, respirators, gloves, protective clothing and shoes. Shoes must have a sole that prevents slipping. Do not work in shoes that have horseshoe bases, nails that can damage waterproofing coatings.
7. Environmental protection.
7.1. Before the beginning roofing works on the territory of the object there should be allocated places for storing materials.
7.2. When working with roofing materials, pallets, labels, material scraps, pails from primers and mastics are released. Their collection and disposal must be carried out in specially designated areas.
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1. GENERAL PROVISIONS 2. REQUIREMENTS TO MATERIALS 3. CONSTRUCTIVE SOLUTIONS OF COATING ELEMENTS 3.1. Steam insulation 3.2. Thermal insulation 3.3. Bases for waterproofing carpet 3.4. Waterproof carpet 3.5. Conjugation of a roofing carpet with protruding roof structures and parapet walls 3.6. Adherence of the roofing carpet to the pipes 3.7. Temperature-strain joints of buildings 3.8. Funnels of the internal gutter 4. ROOF DEVICE 4.1. Preparation of the base for laying the vapor barrier 4.2. The device of a vapor barrier 4.3. Laying of thermal insulation 4.4. Foundation device for waterproofing carpet 4.5. Preparatory work before laying the roofing carpet 4.6. Laying of the overlaid roll roofing material 4.7. The device of abutments of roofing carpet to vertical surfaces 4.8. Application of materials Uniflex EMV VENT and Technoelast EKV VENT 4.9. Repair of roofing carpet 5. QUALITY CONTROL AND RECEPTION 6. WORK PROTECTION AND SAFETY 7. CONTENT AND MAINTENANCE ROOF. DEFECTS OF ROLLS ROLLED FROM MOLDED MATERIALS AND METHODS OF THEIR SOLUTION Annex No. 1 List of materials recommended for use in roofing applications Appendix No. 2 Variants of the layout of roofing material on contiguities to protruding surfaces Appendix No. 3 Collection of Knots Appendix No. 4 References TechnoNICOL
This manual is intended for use in the design, installation and repair of roofing materials from bitumen-polymer materials produced by the Roofing Company TechnoNICOL.
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
2. REQUIREMENTS TO MATERIALS
3. CONSTRUCTIVE SOLUTIONS OF COATING ELEMENTS
3.1. Steam insulation
3.2. Thermal insulation
3.3. Bases for waterproof carpet
3.4. Waterproof carpet
3.5. Conjugation of a roofing carpet with protruding roof structures and parapet walls
3.6. Adherence of the roofing carpet to the pipes
3.7. Thermal-expansion joints of buildings
3.8. Funnels of internal gutter
4. ROOF DEVICE
4.1. Preparation of the base for laying the vapor barrier
4.2. Steam insulation device
4.3. Laying of thermal insulation
4.4. Foundation of a waterproofing carpet
4.5. Preparatory work before laying the roofing carpet
4.6. Laying of felted roll roofing material
4.7. The device of abutments of a roofing carpet to vertical surfaces
4.8. Application of materials Uniflex EMV VENT and Technoelast EKV VENT
4.9. Repair of roofing carpet
5. QUALITY CONTROL AND RECEIVING WORKS
6. LABOR PROTECTION AND SAFETY
7. MAINTENANCE AND MAINTENANCE OF THE ROOF. DEFECTS OF ROLLS OF ROLLED MATERIALS AND THE METHOD OF THEIR SOLUTION
Appendix No. 1 List of materials recommended for use in roofing
Appendix № 2 Variants of the layout of roofing material on contiguities to protruding surfaces
Appendix № 3 Collection of nodes
Appendix No. 4 References TechnoNIKOL
Description:
Status: EffectiveFull name of the document:Guide to the design and installation of roofs from roll-welded bituminous materials of the company "TekhnoNIKOL"
Application area: These Guidelines are intended for use in the design, installation and repair of roofing materials made of bituminous materials manufactured by TechnoNICOL.
Date of implementation: 23.04.2003
Date of actualization of the text and description: 01.01.2009
Date Added: 10.11.2009
Document Type: Management
Summary of the document: 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
2. REQUIREMENTS TO MATERIALS
3. CONSTRUCTIVE SOLUTIONS OF COATING ELEMENTS
3.1. Steam insulation
3.2. Thermal insulation
3.3. Bases for waterproof carpet
3.4. Waterproof carpet
3.5. Conjugation of a roofing carpet with protruding roof structures and parapet walls
3.6. Adherence of the roofing carpet to the pipes
3.7. Thermal-expansion joints of buildings
3.8. Funnels of internal gutter
4. ROOF DEVICE
4.1. Preparation of the base for laying the vapor barrier
4.2. Steam insulation device
4.3. Laying of thermal insulation
4.4. Foundation of a waterproofing carpet
4.5. Preparatory work before laying the roofing carpet
4.6. Laying of felted roll roofing material
4.7. The device of abutments of a roofing carpet to vertical surfaces
4.8. Conjugation of a roofing carpet with protruding roof structures
4.9. Repair of roofing carpet
5. QUALITY CONTROL AND RECEIVING WORKS
6. LABOR PROTECTION AND SAFETY
7. Maintenance and maintenance of roofs. Defects of rolled roofs from deposited materials and how to eliminate them
Appendix No. 3 Solutions constructive elements roofing carpet from rolled roofing waxed bituminous-polymeric materials of the Roofing Company "TechnoNIKOL"
The document was published: ZAO TechnoNICOL No. 2003
The document is approved: ZAO "TekhnoNIKOL" (Registration date: April 23, 2003)
The document is developed: ZAO "TekhnoNIKOL" (Adress: 129110, Moscow, Gilyarovskogo str., 47, building 5)
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Other designations: guide / manual for the design and installation of roofs from roll welded bituminous materials of the company "technonikol"