Hello, readers and visitors to the blog "build a house." Remember, in the last article about, we were going to discuss with you how to do it thermal insulation of walls with own hands. This is what we are going to do with you. Go.
How and what to insulate the walls of the house?
Correct thermal insulation for walls with their own hands allows you to significantly reduce the material consumption and labor costs of construction, because with the use of modern insulation for walls, there is no need to build walls of maximum thickness. It is enough to do with an easy design.
The facade of the house can be insulated inside, outside and inside the walls. Many prefer external insulation systems. First, it is an additional protection of the walls of the house from external influences (biological, atmospheric and temperature), secondly, the ease of installation of thermal insulation for the walls, besides, it eliminates the accumulation of condensate on hidden surfaces. In addition, additional sound insulation is formed and the "breathing" of the walls is not interrupted.
Home insulation system
Lightweight plastering insulation system looks like a layer of insulation, fixed on the wall with plastic dowels and glue, and a thin stucco layer on top. The total thickness of the layers is not more than 15 mm. This version of the thermal insulation system offers the involvement of qualified specialists and requires the use of high-quality thermal insulation materials.
Plate heater with a massive plaster thermal insulation system fixed by means of anchors and reinforced mesh. The thickness of this layer can reach up to 50 mm. Attraction of highly qualified specialists, for leveling the facade surface, is not required.
AT facade three-layer thermal insulation systems with a casing, the heater is placed inside the obstructing structures. The first layer is an internal load-bearing wall. Its thickness is determined by the requirements of the strength of the wall. The second layer is insulation thickness, depending on the thermal insulation requirements. And the outer (front) layer closes the thermal insulation for the walls from external influences.
The ventilated facade thermal insulation system is somewhat similar to that of a sump. But instead of the outer face layer, different facing materials or plates are used. The thermal insulation for the walls with their own hands, in this case, is fixed to the walls using an anchoring system and a supporting frame.
Device "Thermoshubes" - what is it?
Due to the reliability, functionality and ease of the device in recent years, more and more is gaining popularity thermo-tubing device. This multi-layer thermal insulation of the walls is more suitable for a complex system of insulation and external already built, heated houses.
What is the advantage of a thermoshub?
The device "thermoshub" has a number of advantages:
• guarantees optimal temperature-humidity microclimate in homes;
• increases the life of houses;
• good sound and heat insulation of walls;
• insulation of houses of different storeys without the need to resettle tenants, reinforce foundations, walls;
• the admissibility of year-round work at temperatures from +25 to -15 0 С.
What does the thermoshub consist of?
Thermal insulation "thermoshub" consists of:
• decorative-protective layer with the use of plaster mortar (with subsequent painting or without painting);
• Adhesive compounds reinforced with two or one layer of reinforced mesh;
• thermal insulation layer made of expanded polystyrene or mineral wool. The thermal insulation for the walls is fixed to the surface by dowels-anchors and adhesive mixtures.
When selection of insulation material for thermal insulation of the walls of a private low-rise house, pay attention to polystyrene. It is lighter and cheaper than mineral wool, it is characterized by water resistance, low thermal conductivity, resistance to deformation and stability of the structure.
Unlike some other thermal insulation for walls, it has deformation resistance, sound absorption, hydrophobicity and fire resistance. More often it is used in buildings located in places with increased level of external noise, public buildings and multi-storey buildings. In private housing construction, it is also in great demand.
For plaster and adhesive in a multi-layer "cake" dry construction mixtures are used. Plaster solutions provide architectural and aesthetic coloring to the insulating structure, and glue - a highly effective thermal insulation. Adhesive composition is applied to the slab in a continuous or pointwise-side way using a notched trowel. The adhesive bonding area should not be less than 40% of the plate area. To form a protective-reinforcing layer, a glue composition is applied over the insulation. Apply it with a notched trowel, and to smooth the surface and fix the mesh use a smooth spatula.
Consumption of materials: 1 m 2 of overlap in the thickness of the layer 1 mm account for 1.8 kg of dry mixture. The production and application of adhesive compositions is performed at a temperature of + 30 to +5 0 C. But there are also high-strength adhesive compositions that are suitable for negative temperatures.
Durability and mechanical strength of the "thermoshub" device guarantees additional fixing of the plates of the thermal insulation system with the help of plastic dowels. The holes under the dowels are drilled already in the glued panels. In the hole insert a dowel, into which a special nail is driven. On the plate leaves 5 dowels: one in the center and four in the corners. The lower row of plates of the thermal insulation system must be strengthened additionally with the help of a galvanized profile.
The final part of the thermal insulation for the walls with your own hands
For the final external finishing devices of "thermoshub" are used plastering mixtures with contained decorative textures ("bark beetle", "cereal", etc.). Using a steel float, the mixture is evenly applied to a base with a thickness of approximately 2.5 mm. After 15-20 minutes, the solution can be processed with a plastic float before the necessary texture is formed. Dilute the mixture with water during the execution of the work is not recommended. Prepare and apply the mixture at a temperature of +25 to +5 0 C.
During the work and after their completion within 24 hours, the exposed surfaces must be protected from the active effects of rain, wind, sun rays and other negative factors. This can be done by arranging a small canopy of polyethylene.
To protect the socle layer and corners from mechanical influences, perforated aluminum or galvanized corners are used.
Well, here we are and we finished the article with thermal insulation for the walls with our own hands. Now we can definitely determine, how and what to insulate the house.
I brought only the most popular thermal insulation systems. In fact, there are many of them. On this I say goodbye to you before new articles. By the way, in order not to miss the release of new articles, I advise you to update the blog. And the next article I'm thinking about writing about. For now, until new articles.
The answer to the question is whether there is a need for warming flat roofing, must be uniquely positive. Any schoolboy knows the law of convection, according to which warm air rises. As a result, the maximum heat loss occurs through the roof structure. However, this is not the only reason for the need for warming.
A cold surface without heat insulation in contact with heated air will lead to its sharp cooling, resulting in the formation of condensation, which will destroy the roof. This process proceeds slowly and imperceptibly, but in the end it can cause a complete collapse of the entire structure.
In the case of a combined version of the roof structure, the condensate will drain into the indoor space.
Insulated flat roof creates an atmosphere of coziness in the rooms immediately below it.
Features of the insulation of flat roofs
Flat designs are divided into classical and inverse
The classical version is often called soft roof. Its constituent parts are a carrier plate, on which a heat-insulating material is laid over the vapor barrier layer. It in turn is protected from the impact of rain, melt water, snow carpet waterproofing coating, created on the basis of roll bituminous materials.
Traditional flat roof is a kind of multilayer pie, the main layers of which are:
- Floor slab
- Fastening of a warming material
- The vapor barrier layer
- Insulation layer
- Waterproofing
- Additional insulation
Traditional flat structures are widely used in housing and industrial construction. For example, most of the residential high-rise buildings have exactly this scheme. Classic roofs can be exploited and unexploited.
The inversion type of flat roofing is an improved constructive solution of the traditional version. It is arranged according to the following scheme:
- Gravel layer - its thickness should be at least 50 mm.
- Filter material
- Layer of insulation (for example, extruded polystyrene foam)
- Carpet of waterproofing
- Screed
- Floor slab
A fundamental difference between the inversion structure and the classical one is the location of the layer of insulation material above the waterproofing, and not under it. This design feature allows you to protect the waterproofing carpet from the negative effects of solar ultraviolet radiation, significant temperature fluctuations, freezing and thawing, mechanical damage. As a result of the above advantages of the inversion scheme for the arrangement of the layers, the service life is significantly extended in comparison with the lifetime of traditional soft roofs.
The peculiarity of the structure of the inversion roof makes it possible to use it as an exploitable one: it can be used to organize recreation areas, car parks, summer cafes, pedestrian areas, etc.
Requirements for thermal insulation
The supporting part of the flat roof is the cover plate. It is performed on the basis of reinforced concrete or profiled sheet.
Roof slope is created in various ways: using reinforced concrete ties, constructively, by backfilling with expanded clay, etc. The main feature of a flat roof structure is the increased requirements for all its elements.
On the layer heat insulating material Different types of loads will be affected: snow, wind, installation, operation, etc. For this reason, the material is subjected to particularly stringent requirements in terms of their physico-mechanical characteristics.
Since it is impossible to completely exclude the penetration of moisture inside the roofing structure, the thermal insulation layer must necessarily be hydrophobized.
Single and double layer insulation
Single-layer thermal insulation system
Its main distinguishing feature is the performance on the basis of a heater for flat roofs of the same density. When planning the creation of an exploited roof, as already mentioned, above insulating layer the concrete screed is laid. The use of such a system is advisable in case of repair of the old construction or in the construction of warehouses, industrial buildings, garages.
Two-layer thermal insulation system
Her device is completely different. The top layer should be made on the basis of a different high density and considerable strength of the insulating material. Its main task is to redistribute the mechanical load. The thickness of this layer should be 30-50 mm.
The purpose of the lower layer is to perform the basic thermal insulation function. Its thickness is kept within 70-170 mm.
This design significantly reduces the weight of the roof, thereby reducing the load on the floors. This moment is extremely important in the repair of old buildings.
Today, the construction market offers materials of a new generation that combine the qualitative characteristics of both layers. The upper edge of such heaters differs considerable rigidity, and the bottom is much softer. The installation of such boards takes very little time and is not associated with any difficulties.
The value of the vapor barrier for high-quality insulation of the roof
The vapor barrier layer to be laid on the base must have excellent vapor retarding qualities to prevent the penetration of vapor from the interior to the roof into the insulation. As is known, as the insulation is impregnated with moisture, its thermal conductivity decreases. In addition, the steam accumulations lead to the formation of blisters in the waterproofing carpet, which eventually lead to the destruction of the coating. For this reason, the issue of choosing a vapor barrier must be taken very seriously. It can be of two types:
Film - for insulation use polyethylene or polypropylene film. The main drawback of these materials is the presence of seams: through them, moisture can seep.
Weldable - is created on the basis of materials of a deposit type - for example, bitumen or polymer bitumen. The absence of seams in the construction of such a vapor barrier ensures the integrity of the coating. Its other advantages are the considerable thickness of the deposited layer and the increased tensile strength.
Thermal insulation materials
At the device of a layer of a thermal insulation the most various materials are used: all of them differ on physicomechanical qualities and a way of stacking.
The most affordable insulation, still used in private and urban construction, is the use of backfill materials. The main ones are perlite sand and expanded clay. The main and perhaps the only advantage of using these materials is their low cost. For all other properties, they can not compete with modern gas-filled polymers and fibrous heaters.
Absolute horizontality of flat roofs is inadmissible.
In accordance with the technological requirements, they must have minimum gradient 2-4 degrees. Choosing as a heater expanded clay, it is extremely difficult to level the surface in such a way as to create a smooth slope and to achieve the same thickness of the screed throughout the roofing plane. Working with expanded clay significantly increases costs and increases the duration of construction.
Insulation material based on mineral wool in most cases, does not have sufficient strength to create a full-fledged base of waterproofing carpet. For this reason, in order to strengthen it, new constructive decisions. In this case the device of a coupler over a heater is applied. It promotes a uniform distribution of the load and the creation of a base of the required rigidity for laying the waterproofing carpet. There are two types of screeds:
- Prefabricated screed - is created from the covering of a heater of flat or asbestine slate sheets. The construction of such a coating is quite expensive and significantly increases the cost of the work.
- Wet screed - in fact it is a simple cement-sand mortar. It is a more budget option, but it has one big disadvantage: its use can lead to the humidification of the insulation. For this reason, when selecting this method, a separating layer based on kraft paper or parchment is laid under the screed.
Another drawback of this method is the considerable duration of drying of the cement-sand composition. In the case of waterproofing on the imperfectly dried mixture on the surface of the finished roof, bubbles appear, significantly reducing the duration of the operational period.
Obvious is the fact that the screed is by no means an ideal way to get a hard base in the case of choosing a not very strong insulation. In addition to increasing the financial costs associated with construction, it also increases the weight of the coating, increasing the load applied to the floor.
For this reason it is recommended to choose very strong plates of heat insulation from mineral wool, which is obtained from mountain basalt rocks. When they are produced, a special technology with a double fiber orientation is used, which significantly increases their rigidity.
Rigid plates based on basalt fiber have a number of advantages:
- simplicity of laying;
- excellent thermal insulation properties;
- increased fire safety.
- A significant disadvantage of fibrous materials is their considerable hygroscopicity. In the event of damage to the waterproofing layer through the cracks formed in the screed, the moisture penetrates into the insulation layer. As the wet materials with fibrous structure lose thermal insulation characteristics, as a result, the insulation becomes less quality.
The listed materials are used for insulation of flat roofs of classical design.
When insulating roofs are insulated Materials such as foamed glass or extruded polystyrene foam are used. Their advantages over mineral wool are non-hygroscopicity and high mechanical strength.
Foam glass - a relatively new thermal insulation material, widely used in the creation flat structures thanks to their exceptional qualities.
The distinctive properties of foamed glass are:
- resistance to high temperatures;
- mechanical strength;
- resistance to ultraviolet rays;
- non-adherence to biocorrosion;
- excessively long service life (it is practically unlimited);
- the preservation of the geometric shape is achieved due to the low coefficient of temperature expansion.
As a result of the presence of the last of the above qualities, the mechanical stresses applied to the waterproofing membrane are significantly reduced, as a result of which the material retains its qualitative characteristics throughout the life of the product.
- Its disadvantage is a high price compared to other heaters.
Extrusion expanded polystyrene (or extruded polystyrene foam)is a new achievement in the field of thermal insulation technology. The material has a uniform structure and is made up completely closed by small cells (0.1-0.2 mm). When it is produced, polystyrene pellets under high pressure and at high temperature are mixed, a special foaming agent is introduced into the composition, then extruded from the extruder. It can be confidently asserted that this material has no analogues in the world by qualitative characteristics. Extruded polystyrene foam has:
- the lowest values of heat conductivity among analogues;
- resistance to chemical agents;
- increased compressive strength;
- non-adherence to the formation of mold and fungus;
- steam and water resistance.
According to the results of several studies, the degree of water absorption of the material is a maximum of 0.2 percent by volume. It is also important that moisture does not penetrate inside: only the cells located on the surface are filled. Due to this quality in the device of thermal insulation of a flat roof there is no need for additional material protection.
Thinness of fastening of a heater
When choosing any material, a necessary condition is its firm attachment to the base. To this end, you can use two methods:
- Bonding to bitumen. This process is labor intensive and quite expensive. Its use is advisable only in the presence of a concrete base, since in this case there is no need for more expensive specialized dowels and drilling holes for them.
- Mechanical fastening method using special telescopic dowels. Their feature is a very wide hat, thanks to the presence of which fasteners do not pierce the waterproofing carpet, and the integrity of the roof is not violated.
There is a rule of construction, according to which the fixing of the waterproofing carpet to the heater is carried out by the same way as it is mounted to the base.
When using mechanical fastening as a vapor barrier, it is recommended to use a polymer-bituminous filler material. Due to its elasticity, small holes, which are pierced by dowels, on which the insulation is made, are tightened without consequences.
When using two-layer insulation, the slabs are laid "uncontrolled": the joints of the lower layer of slabs forming the lower layer must be covered by the upper ones. If this requirement is met, the formation of "cold bridges" can be avoided. At least two dowels are used to secure each insulation plate.
Properly carried out insulation will provide a cozy and comfortable atmosphere inside the house.
CONCLUSIONS:
- The need for insulation is caused by the maximum heat loss through the roofing structure.
- The fundamental difference between the inversion structure and the classical one is the location of the layer of insulation material over the waterproofing.
- To the insulating material, particularly stringent requirements are imposed in terms of their physico-mechanical characteristics.
- When installing the roofs on top of the layer of insulation requires the laying of concrete screed.
- Warming of a flat roof can be carried out by laying one or two layers.
- The vapor barrier layer laid on the base must have excellent vapor-retaining qualities in order to prevent humidification of the insulation.
- When constructing a layer of thermal insulation, different materials are used, differing in their physico-mechanical properties and the way they are laid.
- For thermal insulation of the classical roof, clay, mineral wool, rigid plates based on basalt fiber are used.
- When insulating roofs are insulated, foamed glass or extruded polystyrene foam is used.
- When choosing any material, a necessary condition is its firm attachment to the base.
- Fastening is carried out by gluing on bitumen or mechanically using special telescopic dowels.
How is the process of warming the flat roof with mineral wool, look in the video.
Modern building technologies and materials help to significantly reduce the heat loss of any building or building. It is especially important to have a good thermal insulation in private homes, the heating of which can be quite expensive. In addition, maintaining a stable temperature in your own home is one of the defining conditions for comfort and coziness.
Laying of the roof insulation is made for the roof between the beams.
Recently, very often when building a new structure or during the repair of old houses, the roof insulation is applied, which is becoming more accessible due to new technological possibilities for insulation. In addition, its device also becomes more simple and does not require special skills procedure. In this regard, one of the main tasks arising in the process of erecting or repairing the roof is right choice among the many insulation materials.
Why heat insulate the roof?
At the same time, if the roof is uneven, curly, has many bends, then under it it will be very difficult to effectively install foam plastic or mineral fiber plates. They will not densely adhere to the roof surface, and consequently, and will not provide sufficient heat savings. In such cases, the use of bulk fillers becomes expedient.
Penoizol
Thermal insulation of the roof foam is made by spraying.
It is effective enough to provide insulation of the roof with a tool such as penoizol. As can be seen from the name itself, it is a foaming solution, which must be applied to the inner surface of the roof. The complexity of its use consists, first of all, in the fact that special equipment is needed for applying to the surface - a kind of spray, spraying under high pressure jet of solution.
Naturally, this way of working also requires protective clothing and a mask with glasses. A good penoizol is that for normal thermal insulation of the roof it is enough to apply a layer of a solution of 4-5 centimeters. However, it is very important to provide non-insulated areas, which in the future will serve as ventilation. Do not cover the foam with an entire surface, leaving no ventilation openings. The latter are needed to evaporate moisture, which can cause significant harm roofing and wooden elements of the roof structure.
Basic requirements for all types of heaters
Summing up the consideration of different advantages and disadvantages of the insulating materials used today, it should be noted that, in addition to heat transfer resistance, they must perform other important functions.
It is, for example, the sound insulation, which is simply necessary with such "loud" roofing materials, as metal. It is also very important that heaters do not release chemicals harmful to human health. This is especially true for the summer period, when the roofs get very hot. And of course, the material must be fire-resistant, fire-safe.
In principle, all the above options for thermal insulation of the roof meet these requirements. Of course, in the case of using high-quality materials purchased in specialized stores, where there are certification documents that guarantee the responsibility of the manufacturer. Building your own house, you need to take care not only of warmth and comfort, but also about safety. As modern possibilities of repair of a roof, теплоизоляции and internal arrangement are great enough and various.
Unfortunately, many developers are neglecting the rules that are prescribed in normative documents on thermal protection of buildings, it is very noticeable if you look closely at the roofs in the winter period of time. On some roofs freshly fallen snow in frosty weather remains lying evenly (Figure 1), on others it melts quickly, turning into ice and huge icicles (Fig. 2). The latter testifies that from the inside to the roof there is access to warm air, which means that it leaves the living quarters. Strange as it may sound, but
pitched roofs are a kind of indicator of heat losses at home, since it is to its thermal characteristics that the most stringent requirements are imposed.
The roofing system is of two kinds, cold and warm. The main difference between them is that in a warm roof the heater is mounted in the plane of the rafters, in the cold in the plane of the floor of the house. And if we talk about the insulation of roofs, then, first of all, it is necessary to determine what functional purpose will have an attic space in your house.
Active development of attics and attics began in the middle of the 90s. It was not very successful, because the roof construction was not considered earlier from the point of view of thermal physics. There was a freezing of the materials used as a heater, saturation with its condensate, this reduced the thermal insulation properties, and in some cases, the roofs simply flowed. Also, it was not taken into account that the power structure of the roof is both in heat and in cold. Thanks to a new approach to the roof structure, these problems are a thing of the past. Several rules have been defined, which must be followed when insulating roofs:
Power structure should be located either in the warm zone of the roofing system, or in the cold (especially if in rafters elements from a metal profile are used)
It is necessary to observe the complete tightness of the thermal insulation layer
You can not deviate from the calculated height of the insulation
The presence of a vapor barrier
Presence of ventilated emissions
Methods of installation and workflow
So, the fact that the roof insulation is of great importance in the overall energy efficiency of the house is understandable. Next, consider some of the nuances of editing, which should pay attention.
Insulation of the roof can be done both at the construction stage of the building and during its reconstruction. Therefore, it is never too late to start creating a favorable microclimate in the house and reduce your expenses for paying for energy. Depending on the degree of readiness of the structure, an internal or outdoor method installation.
In its structure, the roof insulation system consists of:
vapor barrier layer
insulation
waterproofing
Only materials, sequence and methods of installation are distinguished. In the event that the roof is insulated from the inside of the building, the layout of the roofing cake begins with the laying of the waterproofing layer.
Traditionally, as a waterproofing used roofing material, building parchment, later began to use fiberglass, treated with special water-repellent (hydrophobizing) compounds. Now there are new materials that, along with waterproofing properties, have other very useful characteristics. For example, different types of building membranes can simultaneously prevent the formation of condensation and reliably protect the building from winds. According to manufacturers, such films repeatedly improve the thermal insulation characteristics of the insulation. These films have very useful qualities, properly laid material is able to pass steam unilaterally, and its surface layer completely protects the heater from moisture. In addition, along the smooth side of the film, air is transported by laminar flows, in contrast to turbulent flows that occur along the fibrous structure of the materials. All this ensures unimpeded removal of vapors from the heat-insulating layer and necessary ventilation of the under-roof space.
The webs of the roll material are placed parallel to the ridge. Before laying the waterproofing, in the upper zone of the rafters are packed with limiting strips. They will provide an air layer over the heater of the required height. However, they can be sufficient only when using rigid heaters, such as expanded polystyrene, mineral wool mats. Application soft heaters will require an additional device in the form of a stretched cross-like cross-cord (fishing line) from corner to corner of the cell. It will help to maintain the clearance between the insulation layer and the waterproofing, in case when the heater is installed its central part will bend upwards.
The waterproofing film begins to be laid on top of the slope overlapping, deviating from the ridge run 5 - 10 cm. This gap is necessary in order to not provide ventilation. It is closed by the space between the rafters and the rafter's feet themselves, i.e. the material completely repeats the relief of the inner surface of the roof. However, there are some recommendations, adhering to which you can maintain the integrity of the canvas and ensure a long life. When laying the material can not be pulled, it must freely fit the contours of the structure. In inter-spacing niches, the length of the fabric should be increased by 2 - 3 cm, so that between the heater and waterproofing there must be an air gap. Fastening is made by a construction stapler, and butt joints are glued with a special tape.
Next, the prepared cells are laid insulation. The cutting of heat-insulating material must be thought out in advance, in such a way as to reduce the number of joints and the percentage of waste. Some options for changing the size of a rigid heater are shown in Figure 3 and in Figure 4 shows a rational cutting for a roll insulation.
Since almost all the thermal insulation material has a certain elasticity, this characteristic is used for installation. The heat-insulator is cut into blanks, they must be 10 mm longer than the cell's in length and width, this allows inserting the material of the vials. This ensures full filling of the inter-spacing sections and tight fitting of the insulation to the beams, which in turn, if not eliminates, minimizes the risk of thermal breakdowns. In some cases, this extruded polystyrene foam. The problem is solved in other ways. For example, you can use two types of insulation, one of which is laid between the rafters, and the other, the plane is already sewn over the beams, usually a combination of mineral wool mats or roll materials with extruded polystyrene foam. By the way, the latter can simultaneously act as a heater and vapor barrier.
With regard to the choice of insulation, then the approach is purely individual and each developer makes his choice between the price and quality characteristics does himself. The only thing you can say is that the foam and extruded polystyrene foam, in contrast to basalt insulation, is practically not vapor-permeable and unstable to high temperatures, which imposes its limitations on the area of application. In roofs insulated with foam it is rather difficult to arrange the necessary
air exchange, this is not the best way to affect the performance properties of wooden structural elements and the effectiveness of thermal insulation in general The next stage in the insulation of the roof is laying the vapor barrier. It is rolled over the heater and fastened to the rafters by means of clamping bars, they are also longitudinal elements of the internal counter-grate. It is also very important to leave an air gap between the heater and the vapor barrier material. The inner grille serves as the basis for further interior finishing.
If the roof is insulated in parallel with the installation of the roof, the order of work begins with the laying of the vapor barrier layer. It is attached to the lower belt of the rafters and protects the heater from being saturated with steam from the inside. Next comes a layer of heat-insulating material, for most regions of Russia its height is 150 mm. It should be noted that the coefficient of heat loss through the roof is somewhat higher than through the enclosing structures, this again confirms that the insulation of the roof is a very important point in the construction of your own house.
Upon completion of the installation of the heater, proceed to the layout of the water vapor barrier film. At the same time, we control the presence of blowouts between the layers, which must be at least 20 mm. Fasten it to the rafters using a counter rail, after which the stage of roof insulation is completed and you can proceed with the installation of the roofing.
Performed in compliance with all the subtleties of technology. Its task is to protect the house from moisture, protection from wind and heat. In this case, the conditions in which the roof works, can be considered heavy: precipitation, temperature changes, significant wind loads.
The value of the thermal insulation of the roof
One of the most important stages of warming the house as a whole is the insulation of the roof. It is known that heat loss through roofing structures make up almost a third of all heat loss at home. Therefore, high-quality thermal insulation is designed to save money when operating a building. But the main thing is to create a normal microclimate in the house, which is important for people living in it.
To solve the problem of how to insulate the roof it is necessary to determine which function the loft of the house will perform. If it is a non-residential premises, then it is sufficient to insulate it properly attic floorto isolate the premises of the upper floor from cold air and excessive heat losses. If the attic is planned to arrange a residential, then the insulation of the roof becomes an indispensable measure.
If the roof is not insulated during the construction phase of the house, and already during the operation, before the work starts it is necessary to carefully inspect all the roofing structures, mauerlat and identify places where there are signs of moisture ingress, rotting and other damages.
All defects must be eliminated, the damaged elements are replaced, and the attic structures are treated with an antiseptic and fire retardant.
If there are electrical wiring under the roof, they must be removed.
Selection of materials for roof insulation
The modern construction industry offers a wide choice. The most widespread among them were fiberglass, mineral wool and expanded polystyrene plates, foamed glass, foam concrete. These materials are characterized by different indicators of strength, thermal conductivity, vapor permeability.
Widely recognized mineral wool slabs, differing from other analogues with their physical and technical properties. Moreover, their use is justified and acceptable for most types of roofs.
Mineral wool slabs are a fire-resistant material with sufficiently high noise-absorbing properties and a low coefficient of thermal conductivity. In this process, they are almost not deformed.
Roof insulation can be made in one of two ways:
- with laying insulation from above - the way of the rolling ceiling;
- with filing insulation to the ceiling surface from the inside of the room - the method of the false ceiling.
The first method is more convenient and easy to perform. The only condition is the ability of the roof supporting structure to withstand the weight and roofing material, and. In most cases, such warming is enough to create a comfortable microclimate in the house.
The best material for insulation flat roof is basaltic mineral wool.
Stages of insulation of a flat roof
- Before the work starts, the roof must be cleaned of debris and dust. If there are large irregularities on the surface, then it is necessary to align it.
- For gluing heat-insulating boards, you can use special glue or cold mastic. For greater homogeneity of the insulation layer, the slabs are laid with a semi-overlap of the joints.
- To improve the thermal insulation effect, an additional layer of slabs can be laid. At the same time, they should be disposed of at random and must be glued together with adhesive tape. This will avoid the appearance of "cold bridges".
- Next comes the device cement-sand screed thickness of at least 3 cm. After the screed gets strength, the surface is cleaned of debris and cement influx.
- For the laying of the waterproofing carpet, a fire method is used, in which a short-term fire effect is used for its gluing. This allows you to keep all the protective properties of the material unchanged. To ensure the strength and tightness of the coating, the waterproofing is laid with an overlap of adjacent sheets of at least 10 cm.
Thermal insulation of pitched structure
To insulation from the inside pitched roof Strict requirements are made. The design of the insulated roof, consisting of several layers, in a cut resembles a pie, so it was called a "roofing pie". It consists of the following layers:
- the ventilation gap, located under the roofing;
- layer of roll waterproofing;
- the second ventilation circuit (not all versions are needed);
- layer of thermal insulation;
- vapor barrier.
So, the technology of roofing pie:
Correctly executed insulation will allow for a long time to forget about repairing the roof and replacing its main components.