In the houses of the old Soviet construction, the walls are exceptionally even, unfortunately, not always the same. In most cases, their surface is covered with bumps and pits, has cracks or chips. In this case, their very plane often often drifts away from the vertical or horizontal. Of course, the rooms with such walls look not so attractive. Before pasting wallpaper, painting or, for example, before finishing with decorative plaster, the surfaces of enclosing structures in such apartments have to be adjusted. Than to level the walls? Of course, many homeowners would like to know the answer to this question. Correction of surfaces with defects can be done using different materials.
Two main methods
Align the walls in the room in our time in two main ways:
- dry;
- raw.
In the first case wall leveling under wallpaper or decorative plaster is most often made with plasterboard. Also, dry correction technology can mean the use of plywood, lining or PVC panels. With a crude alignment technique, different types plasters.
What are the types of mixtures
Similar materials for leveling walls are delivered to the market usually in bags in a dry form. Before use, they must be diluted with water, in an amount determined by the instructions for use. To smooth the walls, plaster can be used:
- gypsum;
- cement;
- clay;
- acrylic;
- silicate.
Advantages and disadvantages of gypsum compounds
The initial mass of materials of this type is a very fine powdery dry mixture. The answer to the question about how to level the walls in the apartment, gypsum plaster is very good. In its composition, among other things, includes a variety of plasticizers. And therefore it falls on the walls very smoothly.
With the use of such plaster, it is possible to level the concrete walls or brick. Do not use such mixtures mainly only in very wet rooms - saunas, bathrooms, pools, etc. Also it is not allowed to use gypsum to level the facades of buildings.
The main advantages of plasters of this type are:
- high degree of elasticity;
- excellent adhesion to the surface to be treated.
Also, to the plusses of gypsum plaster, the master also includes its small texture. Aligning walls for wallpaper with the use of such mixtures has the advantage that in the final stage in this case it is not necessary to apply the finishing filler. Another unconditional advantage of such plasters is the rapid maturation. To begin to glue the walls, lined with plaster mixture, if necessary, it is possible in a week.
The drawbacks of the compositions of this variety are, first of all, their high cost. Aligning walls with gypsum plaster is usually quite expensive. The means of this variety cost about one and a half to two times more expensive than cement. Also to the minuses of mixtures of this type is a very short period of viability. Use the prepared gypsum mixture for an average of 45 minutes. Of course, such a short period of "life" does work with plaster of this variety is not particularly convenient.
The best grades of gypsum mixes
Of course, when choosing plasters of this variety, like any other, first of all it is worth paying attention to the brand of the manufacturer. The most popular gypsum mixtures in our country are:
- "Establish". The stucco of this brand can remain viable for up to 90 minutes. It costs about 250-300 rubles. for the bag.
- Knauf. This producer delivers to the Russian market a very high quality gypsum mix "Rotband". There is a bag of such plaster about 400 rubles. Aligning the walls with "Rothband" - the procedure is not particularly difficult. Vitality can keep this mixture for an hour and a half. In addition, it has a high degree of plasticity.
- Eunice. Such mixtures should be worked out after cooking for 50 minutes. They cost about 300 rubles. for the bag.
Pros and cons of cement compounds
It is this material that most often serves as an answer to the question of how to level the walls inside or outside the room. On the market today are delivered two main varieties of similar plasters. For leveling surfaces, both cement-lime mixture and cement-sand mixture can be used.
On the walls, both these types of plasters fall as well as gypsum. At the same time, a cement leveling mix is much cheaper. Is the best answer for this plaster and the question of how to level the walls in the bathroom. For damp rooms, it fits just fine.
The only thing cement plaster loses gypsum, - this is not a very smooth texture. After using such a mixture, it is usually necessary to additionally apply the finishing material. Another disadvantage of cement plaster in comparison with gypsum is the long maturation period. The final finishing of the walls, aligned with its use, can only be started after about a month.
The best producers of cement mixtures
Compositions of this type, like gypsum, are supplied to the domestic market by many companies. But the most popular in our country are plasters:
- cement-lime "Found Starwell-21";
- cement-lime Polimin ШВ 1;
- cement-sand "Vetonit TT".
A mixture of "Starwell" can be used to level the walls not only indoors, but also outside. There is such a plaster about 5.9 dollars per bag weighing 25 kg. Mixtures of Polimin ШВ 1 are allowed to be used only indoors. The maximum permissible thickness of the leveling layer for both types of plaster is 20 mm. The price for Polimin SHV 1 mixtures is about $ 3.6.
Compositions "Vetonit TT" can be used for leveling walls inside premises and facades. They can be applied to the surface by a layer up to 3 cm. It is worth about 9 dollars for 25 kg of plaster.
Than to level the outside walls: acrylic compounds
Facades of buildings, thus, are most often leveled with cement plaster. However, sometimes acrylic blends are also used for this purpose. Such materials cost more, but they give a much more durable leveling layer. Such a finishing composition is made on the basis of an aqueous solution of acrylic. The main advantages of plasters of this type are:
- elasticity;
- good degree of heat and sound insulation;
- frost resistance;
- convenience in use.
To the disadvantages of plasters of this variety, as well as gypsum, include a small period of viability. Also such a mixture deserved not too good consumer reviews and for not particularly high degree of vapor permeability. Covered with plaster of this type of wall, unfortunately, simply cease to "breathe". They are referred to the minuses of mixtures of this kind and the fact that after drying they can accumulate static stress and draw to themselves all kinds of garbage.
The best brands of acrylic compounds
The most popular manufacturers of such plasters in Russia, as well as gypsum, are Founding, Vetonit and Knauf. Also often to smooth the facades are used plasters brand "Ceresite". These mixtures are delivered to the market usually in ready-made form. You do not need to water them. It is convenient to work with them, but plasters of this kind are more expensive than gypsum and cement plasters. Therefore, they are usually used only to correct walls that have only minor defects.
Advantages and disadvantages of silicate mixtures
Aligning walls for painting or any other kind decorative finishes with the use of such material can be made both outside and inside the room. But more often silicate plaster, as well as acrylic, is used all the same for furnish of facades. Such materials are made on the basis of silicone resin. Also in their composition are liquid potassium glass, a hydrophobizing agent and mineral aggregates. Like acrylic, silicate plaster is expensive. And it is used, respectively, only to level the walls that have minor defects, or as finishing finish after the cement-sand mixture.
Advantages of silicate plasters include:
- elasticity and good adhesive properties;
- high degree of strength;
- resistance to various kinds of atmospheric influences.
The main disadvantage of such mixtures is considered to be a short period of viability.
Technology of raw wall alignment: main features
Acrylic and silicate plasters, thus, in most cases are applied to the walls with a thin layer of conventional technology - a spatula or a sprayer. Cement and gypsum mixtures are usually superimposed on the surface. Therefore, when working with them, among other things, special guides - beacons are used. Using such additions allows you to get the most level surfaces. The work is carried out in this case in several stages:
- First, the old plaster layer is removed from the wall (if necessary).
- Surface primed. Depending on what kind of plaster is intended to be used in the future, a tool based on gypsum or cement is used for surface treatment.
- Beacons are installed. For leveling walls, a special profile is usually used, which can be purchased in any construction hypermarket. Mounted beacons on the wall on a cement or gypsum mortar level. The distance between them should be slightly less than the length of the rule.
- Actually, the plaster itself lies between the beacons. The wall can be treated with a solution either manually or, for example, with a spray gun.
- The mixture is carefully leveled through the rule.
After the composition is dried, the beacons are removed from the wall. To level the walls (seal remaining after the groove profile) a little more gypsum or cement plaster is diluted. At the final stage, the surface is treated with a paint spray and covered with a thin layer of a fine-grained mixture.
Finishing putty: varieties
Compositions of this type can be:
- cement (based on very fine sand or lime);
- gypsum;
- silicate;
- acrylic.
For wet rooms and facades, depending on the budget, cement plasters, acrylic or silicate plasters can be chosen. To finish the rooms from the inside, gypsum is usually used. Also in some cases, for this purpose, of course, can be applied and cement. Puttying of this variety on top of the plaster often using a special reinforcing paint mesh.
Drywall
Plasters are, of course, just a great answer to the question of how to level the walls. However, such tools can, unfortunately, be used mainly to remove pits and bumps from the surface. More serious defects in the form of deviation from the plane by means of a crude technique to fix is rather difficult, and sometimes even completely impossible. After all, apply plasters on the surface is allowed only not too thick layer.
Some disadvantage of crude technology is the fact that with its use, only the concrete walls or the brick ones can be leveled. For wood such materials are usually not used.
To remove serious wall defects, as well as to level the paved or chopped surfaces, the crude technique is thus not suitable. In this case, a different correction method is usually used - dry. The walls with this technology are simply sheathed on the frame by some kind of sheet material. Types of decoration in this case can be used different. But most often for this purpose is applied all the same drywall.
Actually, the GKL sheets for wall correction can be used in two main varieties:
- conventional;
- resistant.
The second type of GCR differs from the first primarily in color. Moisture-resistant sheets have a greenish tinge. They, for example, are a great answer to the question of how to level the walls in the bathroom. Produced by industry in our time and refractory GKL. Sheets of this variety can withstand not only very high temperatures, but even open fire (within an hour). It is worth such a drywall is very expensive, and therefore use it mostly just to level the surfaces of stoves and fireplaces.
The best grades of drywall
The leading producers of GKL in Russia are:
- Lafarge.
- Rigips.
- Giproc.
The quality of all these grades of drywall are not bad. But the most popular in our country are still the sheets of Knauf. This company supplies the domestic market with three main varieties of GKL:
- wall thickness of 12.5 mm;
- ceiling - 9,5 mm;
- arched - 6,5 mm.
At desire today it is possible to get as usual sheets of this manufacturer 2500 х 1200 mm, and non-standard. The width of the latter can be 600-1500 mm, length - 1500-4000 mm, and thickness - 6,5-24 mm.
Technology of plasterboard finishing
Some special preparation of walls when using GCR is not required. Surfaces in this case are usually simply cleaned of dirt and dust. Further on the wall using a level mounted special aluminum or steel profile. Actually the plasterboard itself is attached to it with the help of dowels of a special design with plastic wide heads. Fix the sheets of GCR during the installation so that no cross-shaped joints are formed between them.
At the final stage the plasterboard surface can either be pasted with wallpaper, or treated with a thin layer of plaster. Of course, often used for finishing GKL and finishing putty.
Lining, plywood and plastic panels
Such materials are also used, usually with large deviations of the surfaces from the horizontal or vertical. In addition, such a finish can be used and when the walls need not only align, but also insulate.
In the latter case, a beam is usually used to assemble the frame under the material. It can be mounted on a wall either vertically or horizontally. Actually for the insulation between the beams of the frame in the future are installed plates mineral wool or expanded polystyrene. Then it is sewed from above vapor barrier film, and already on top of it is established actually the leveling material itself.
The term "finishing works" includes a list of accompanying operations from painting the walls to laying the tiles. All of them are carried out only on a carefully leveled wall surface.
Modern methods of leveling walls are divided into two groups. Depending on the technology and materials, a distinction is made between dry gypsum plasterboard structures) and raw (correction of the surface of the construction mixture) ways, each of which has its own characteristics. In order to choose the most suitable method, it is necessary to measure irregularities with a laser level, plumb bob or ordinary level. From potholes and hollows, oscillating within five millimeters, you can get rid of and using putty. Irregularities of about 3-5 centimeters? Then you should buy a building mix. Differences more than 5 centimeters better align, using gypsum cardboard.
How to level the walls with plaster?
Just before you level the walls, you need to do a number of preparatory work:
- dismantle obsolete decoration Materials;
- estimate the surface to be plastered.
The wall should not crumble or exfoliate. Often in the case of work on old plaster after complete drying of the first layer, defects that were not visible before are found.
The key to success is to meet three conditions:
- careful preparation of the surface;
- the right choice of building mix;
- presence of accurate beacons.
To align brickwork it is recommended to use a mixture on the cement. The cost of this plaster mixture is relatively low. It is possible to apply a fairly thick layer of material, which is important in finishing brick walls. It should be noted that when applying a layer more than 2 centimeters, it is necessary to use a plaster grid to reinforce the composition.
For plastering a smooth concrete wall, leveling mixtures for gypsum-based walls will be required. The quartz microparticles that make up the material make the wall a bit rough. But in the beginning, you must first primetute the surface. Reinforcement is carried out by a polymer mesh with a cell size of 5 × 5 mm.
Many are interested in what kind of solution to level the walls of concrete. For the plastering of concrete with a rough surface, plaster or cement compounds are used. Primer is also mandatory, but without the addition of quartz.
When processing foam concrete surfaces, mainly gypsum mixtures are used. Preliminary priming of deep penetration is mandatory.
Pazogrebnevye plates, which are used for the construction of partitions, should be plastered with plaster mixture on a conventional primer.
The next step after evaluating the surface and its preparation for applying the plaster mixture will be the location of the lighthouses.
Beacon Installation
It is customary to call beacons in construction a sort of guide for controlling the leveling of the surface with the use of liquid mixtures. As a beacon for plaster use a perforated profile, the width of which depends on the volume of the applied mixture. Beginners are better to use purchased beacons, the beauty of which is that they do not need to be removed after work and mask the depressions left after removal.
Beacons are placed on vertical strips of a quick-hardening mortar or mixture, which will be plastered. The distance between the beacons is determined taking into account the size of the rule (it should be supported by two beacons and not slipping).
Technology of plaster application
In the interval between the beacons of the trowel and the "falcon," "namet" is thrown - an excessive amount of the mixture. A falcon is a tool with a handle remotely reminiscent of a trowel, but with a base that is much larger than the base of the trowel. Specialists dial trowel mixture from the "falcon" and discarded between the lighthouses. The use of this tool can significantly increase the productivity of labor, because there is no need to return to the solution tank each time. So, the time costs for equalization are also reduced.
Then, the solution is uniformly distributed from the bottom to the top. In order to immediately apply a layer of plaster thicker, make a rough nest, not leveling it. After the drying of the rough layer, the finishing coat is applied. Finite nests are also leveled by the rule.
How to level the walls with putty?
The surface before priming with putty is also primed. Spatting the surface with your own hands is not an easy task. It should be noted that this method is not always suitable, as it is possible to level the walls for painting with putty only with small differences in "heights". In other cases, the putty will be the final step of a multi-step process.
To carry out the shpatlevaniya need a wide and narrow spatulas, as well as a cuvette with a flat bottom. Consistency of the mixture should be such that the cone, formed from stirring by a stick, retains its shape. Over time, putty thickens, so it should be periodically diluted with water or a primer. The mixture of the desired consistency is well held in an upright position, without slipping off the spatula.
Prepared properly putty put in a cuvette and cover, so as not to dry out. A small amount of a mixture is applied to the surface of the wall with a spatula. Further, with measured horizontal and vertical movements, align the applied putty to a thickness of one to two millimeters, holding the spatula at an angle. It should be noted that the greater the tilt angle of the spatula to the surface, the smaller the thickness of the layer of the mixture remaining on the surface. For convenience, the spatula blade is fixed with the other hand.
After "grasping" the mixture, it must be slightly washed with a primer. This is done in order to remove the influx and various irregularities. The first layer after complete drying (at least 24 hours after washing) is treated with a sandpaper for grinding to smooth the roughness. If necessary, you can apply and the second layer, but before that you need to primed the previously zashpatlevannuyu surface. Applying a second coat without a primer can lead to cracking, since moisture will be absorbed into the previously applied putty. After a day, the surface is again ground with sandpaper, wound on a board or a small bar.
How to align the walls with a rotband?
Starting putty "Rotband" is a plaster mixture made by Knauf - a well-known brand in the construction industry. Used in conducting internal works. Sometimes Rotband putty is called plaster. For facade decoration, this mixture should not be used, since Rotband contains gypsum, which is prone to the harmful effects of the environment. The characteristics of this material far exceed the properties of ordinary putty. It is much more plastic and dries more slowly, so it is extremely convenient to use. Due to these advantages, the leveling to the final finish level with the Rotband mix is much faster. The work is conducted in several receptions, as well as with the use of ordinary putty, but the starting and finish finishing is carried out by one mixture.
Putty is best mixed with a mixer. So it will turn out without dry lumps. When leveling large unevennesses, a special shpatlevochnaya grid is used. The technique of applying with beacons can also be performed by a mouthworm.
Frame method for leveling walls with plasterboard
How can I level the walls with large potholes? For these purposes, drywall is suitable. Correction irregularities gypsum plasterboard - the most effective and low-budget of all possible options. Carried out in frame or frameless ways.
When installing by the wireframe method First, a frame is created, on which sheets of plasterboard are fastened. The frame is constructed of a beam or a metal profile of two types - a guide and a rack. The frame from the beam is not so durable (it is subject to the influence of microorganisms, moisture, is prone to deformations). Install it is also much more difficult. Therefore, builders often use the metal profile as the basis.
First you need to build a frame. To do this, screw the guide profiles parallel to each other to the ceiling. Then after every 40-60 cm we set the guides taking into account the width of the drywall sheet (120 cm). At this stage, if necessary, conduct the insulation of the walls with a wool or styrofoam.
After assembling the frame proceed to fasten the sheets of gypsum board to the metal profile. Do this with self-tapping screws made of oxidized metal. Installation of drywall sheets is carried out in steps of 40-60 cm (depending on the distance between the guide profiles). The hat of the samore is slightly "hiding" in the sheet.
Frameless method somewhat differs. In this case, the sheets are glued directly to the surface in need of finishing. A significant disadvantage of the frameless method is that it is not possible to level the walls with serious defects with this method.
There are other ways to level the walls with your own hands. For example, plywood or plastic panels. The execution technique is similar to the plasterboard leveling, but instead of the profiles for fixing the plywood or plastic panels are used wooden bars. This method is quite economical, that is why it is used in the finishing of cottages, garages, bathrooms, etc. It also allows you to hide communications.
To your walls become even, carefully evaluate their condition and determine which of the ways will be most appropriate. Smooth walls - the first step to the fact that the decoration materials really decorate your interior.
Alignment of walls with gypsum or cement mortar is carried out only at small (up to 4-5 cm) height differences. In other cases it is better to use cheaper drywall.
Surface preparation
Poorly fixed layers of old plaster will fall off over time, and repairs will have to start anew. Therefore, you should tap the hammer on the wall and remove all the crumbling layers. Easily leaving the wall of the plaster is removed with a spatula. Distressed places are treated with a Bulgarian or cleaned with a hammer and chisel.Removing old plaster
With the help of a grinder or a perforator it is better to clean and too large influxes. If you leave them, you will have to superimpose a too large layer of plaster to level the wall by their level. Slots need to be expanded with a hammer and chisel so that they can be laid in the solution.
The crevices in the wall widen
Sand and crumbling fine plaster is brushed off with metal teeth. If left, the solution will not adhere well to the wall, and may eventually crumble.
Cleaning the wall with a brush
Materials and Tools
a deep penetration primer;building mixture (cement mortar or plaster on the basis of gypsum);
putty for finishing;
plumb lines (threads with a small load attached to them);
a construction falcon for a solution tray;
trowel for spreading plaster;
wide spatula;
rule: a tool for leveling the solution in the form of a 1-3-meter strip of metal;
corner spatula;
A grater for smoothing irregularities;
ladder.
Tools for wall leveling
Use of plumb bobs
To estimate the degree of curvature of the surface, it is better to use plumb lines. To do this, take a small load (for example, a nut) and attach a long thread to it. Such a plumb line is suspended to the ceiling at a minimum distance from the wall so that the load is a couple of centimeters from the floor.The thread with the load should only touch the wall a little. If necessary, the ceiling mount can be slightly moved closer to the wall or slightly farther away from it. The lower part of the plumb is fixed to the nail driven into the floor. A few such plumbs, arranged along the wall, will serve as an ideal guide.
Aligning walls
1. Before starting work, the surface is treated primer. The compositions of deep penetration make it possible to bind loose upper layers of the wall, do not allow moisture from the solution to soak into the surface and substantially increase the degree of its adhesion to the surface.
Primer for deep penetration
2. To equalize large differences use beacons - guides made in the form of a perforated strip of metal or plastic, attached by means of a solution to the wall and serving to control the alignment of the surface.
3. For the distribution of beacons on the wall, a horizontal line is laid on which slapping solutions are applied (" grades"). Then a lighthouse is pressed into them. Height of stamps is checked building level.
Arrangement of lighthouses
4. After complete drying of the "marks" between the beacons, the plaster is spread out and distributed on the wall with the help of regulations - tool for leveling large layers of mortar.
Important. The distance to the second beacon must be equal to the width regulations.
Alignment rule by two neighboring beacons
The appearance of the wall when aligned to beacons
5. If the degree of curvature of the walls is high, do not immediately apply too much solution, otherwise it will crack when dry.
Applying a part of the solution
Council. With a total layer thickness of more than 2 cm, to strengthen it and to protect against cracking, sickle (plaster polymeric mesh with small cells), which is pressed into the solution.
Mortgaging a Serpent
6. Instead of metal beacons, you can use plumb lines. A guide to the rule in this case will serve as a small wooden lining.
Arrangement of marks with the help of plumb bobs
7. In order not to damage the drying solution, round: first plaster is applied to the first wall, then, then work with the next wall, etc.
8. It is possible to obtain a perfectly smooth and smooth surface using finishing putty. It is superimposed with a thin layer (up to 1.5 mm), and after drying, it is sanded with sandpaper. Finishing use to prepare the wall for painting with acrylic paints or a sticker of thin wallpaper. When facing ceramic tiles, plastic, stopper, etc. such a finish is not required.
Aligning the wall with finishing plaster
Aligning corners
1. After the first wall is aligned with the corner adjacent to it, the corner is laid plastic corner profile with or without reinforcement mesh attached to each side. Its fixing is done with a solution, the excess of which is squeezed out by a spatula. The depth of immersion of the profile in the putty is checked building level. After drying the angle, the profile is smoothed out with a solution.
Corner profile with serpent
Internal Corner Check
2. External corners (slopes of walls and windows) are also aligned using profiles of plastic or metal. They not only allow you to create perfect smooth angles, but also protect it from damage during the transfer of furniture or equipment.
Aligning the outer corners
Installation of metal profiles
3. Align the corners and corner trowel - a tool with a plate on its handle, bent at an angle of 90 °. It can also smooth the corners and the installation of profiles.
Corner spatula
Council. If the angle is precisely aligned at an angle of 90 ° does not work, the spatula can be slightly bent or bent.
Aligning walls with plasterboard
Finishing this material is a less expensive method of leveling the walls. For work, you should purchase the gypsum board itself, the metal rails of the rack or the bars from the tree for its fastening, the hangers for fixing them to the wall and the screws. To save space, you can do without guides and attach drywall directly to the wall.1. For fastening with metal racks on the wall at a distance of 1 cm from the corner, a straight horizontal line is drawn along which each screw is screwed every 40-65 cm straight hangers.
Fixing a direct suspension
Fastening of profiles
3. The distance between each of them should be equal to width drywall. The edges of the sheets must be in the center of the profile. To strengthen the construction between them, it is better to install intermediate profiles.
Fastening of profiles
4. Drywall is fastened self-tapping screws for metal with a step of 25 cm. Do not screw them on the very corners of the sheet. That they are not broken off, it is necessary to retreat from the edge of 5 cm. The screw should not protrude above the surface - it is deepened into a sheet for a couple of millimeters.
Fastening of gypsum board in the center of the profile
5. On the inner and outer corners of the wall are laid angular profiles.
Installation of angular profiles
6. Joints between sheets, grooves from self-tapping screws and corner profiles are covered with a layer putty. If the wall is prepared for painting or gluing wallpaper, a plastic mesh is laid at the place of each joint - sickle.
Preparation of the wall for painting
Important! Drywall is not able to withstand too much load, therefore, when hanging heavily on a wall (for example, a water heater), long metal pins should be used.
Fastening drywall without guides
1. To fix the drywall without the help of profiles, self-tapping screws are screwed into the wall (40-50 pieces per sheet of paper).2. The depth of their screwing is determined by plumb bob: the cargo attached to the thread to the ceiling.
3. For each samorez a sufficiently thick layer is applied gypsum with polymeric additives, on which the plasterboard will be glued. The solution is superimposed so that it covers the screw for a couple of centimeters.
Mounting drywall without using a profile
4. That in places of a curve of a wall gypsum cardboard did not spring, it is better to put there pieces foam rubber.
5. For aligning the sheet horizontally, under it are laid linings from gypsum board scraps.
Fastening of drywall sheets without the use of profiles
6. Before the setting of the mortar (35-40 minutes), the sheet should be held on the wall by hand.
Important! With this method of fixing the joints horizontally should not be, so for work should be taken sheets equal to the height of the room.
Aligning walls with plaster may seem to someone to be a troublesome and overly expensive process, but this is not the case at all. Learning to level the walls can be pretty fast - just a couple of hours of practice. As for the financial side of the issue, working with your own hands always cuts costs, you just need to be able to competently approach the matter. In this article we will tell you how to level the walls with plaster with your own hands, gain useful skills and save a decent amount.
Before you run to the building store for plastering and tools, you need to decide how to align the walls. There are two types of similar works:
Let's consider each method in more detail. So, leveling the walls "under the rule" is convenient in the case when they are more or less even and do not have strong differences and cracks. The rule only slightly corrects deviations from the norm and only. But, unfortunately, in real life such cases of "almost ideal" walls happen rarely, and often we have curved walls with vertical and horizontal differences. It is for such situations that there is a way of leveling the walls by lighthouses. It helps to achieve the maximum level of vertical walls with a tolerance of 1 mm / 1 m. Choosing a plaster mixThe final result of the work depends not only on the choice of technique and skills, but also on the type of the plaster mixture. So, in construction practice, mixtures on cement and gypsum base are usually used, the latter being very popular. Advantages of gypsum mixtures:
It is evident that the gypsum mixes are ideal for domestic work. But do not completely write off the accounts of cement compounds. They win frost resistance, better withstand moisture, are more durable, so they are suitable for outdoor finishing. Beacon alignmentSince the method of leveling walls with plaster without beacons is used extremely rarely (in most cases people are ready to put up with minor wall differences), we will focus on a more complex and laborious kind of work. Plaster beacons or "beacon profiles" are original "rails" that define the direction of the future plane. They are attached to the wall with a plaster mixture, rely on them, apply the mortar to the wall, and then remove the excess part with the rule. Rule - a long board with one pointed end that acts on the principle of a long spatula, spreading and leveling the solution over the surface. This tool is used on large areas - walls, ceilings and when applying the screed to the floor.
InstrumentsFor leveling the walls with plaster in a small bathroom or in a huge foyer, you will need the same tools. The size of the list is impressive, but most of the items are consumables. Technics (puncher) can be rented, and the rest will pay for itself several times. By the way, the price of leveling the walls with plaster is quite impressive, especially when it comes to large areas. Necessary tools and materials:
Marking and primingWhen all the tools are purchased and prepared, you can start the preparatory work. Progress:  Beacon InstallationIf you have coped with the previous stage, the rest will not cause much trouble. To set the beacons, you will need:
Carefully check the consistency of each beacon after installation! Also, do not prepare too "tight" solution, so you do not have to put too much pressure on the lighthouse. The beacons are rather soft, so it is not difficult to bend them. In this video on the leveling of walls with plaster, work with beacons is visually demonstrated: Creating a flat surfaceWhen the beacons are securely glued, you can proceed to the plaster. Prepare the solution, based on the thickness of the applied layer - the thicker the layer, the thicker the mixture. Progress:  Alignment of the walls after the plaster is done with a trowel, and then the finish coat is applied.
|
1. Materials for leveling the walls, which is better to use.
2. What tool is needed to achieve the best result.
3. Preparing the surface for wallpapering.
4. The specificity of the wall alignment under the wallpapering of the wallpaper.
5. Putty, features of finishing alignment.
6. Subtlety of leveling the walls to the rule.
Smooth, smooth walls are a sign of good, good and expensive repairs. But is it always necessary to pay good money for even walls? This article describes various ways of leveling walls for wallpapering wallpaper, as well as some features of other types of interior decoration, which are directly dependent on the evenness of the walls.
1. Materials for leveling the walls, which is better to use
Today there is a wide choice of materials for wall leveling, these are various plaster mixes, sand-cement and gypsum, for manual and machine application, as well as various types of fillers, cement, gypsum and polymer. All these materials are designed to make the necessary result easier and faster.
Sand-cement plaster mixture is a thing for all time. This plaster mixture has several advantages:
It is very cheap in comparison with gypsum mixtures;
- universal, can be used both inside and outside the premises;
- very easy to use;
- suitable for manual and machine application.
Of the shortcomings:
Not plastic, it is necessary to add lime milk for plasticity;
- consumption increases finish materials, at least twice;
- extremely difficult to apply to concrete foundations, it is impossible to apply a thin layer of 2-3 mm, it can fall off.
Gypsum mixtures are certainly the best for interior decoration, and with skillful use, in some cases, you can do without shpatlevaniya. All gypsum mixtures are divided into two groups, machine and manual application, the main difference is the setting time, the viability of mixtures for manual application is about two times shorter than that of machine-application mixtures. Another difference is the price the plastering mixture of machine application costs an order of magnitude less, and since their properties are the same, it can be used for plastering manually.
2. What tool is needed to achieve the best result
To level the walls, you need the following tool, several trapezoidal rules of different lengths of 3, 2 and one meter. Mixer and container for mixing the solution. Level and rectangular rule for setting beacons, if necessary. The perforator, screwdriver, dowel and self-tapping screw are of different length. Cushion for priming and to simplify the installation of beacons laser level, which can show the plane. Approximately here is this:
3. Preparing the surface for wallpapering
The degree of readiness of walls for wallpapering depends largely on the choice of wallpaper. Dependence is the following, the thinner the wallpaper, the more carefully the walls are prepared, because thin wallpaper is not enough that it is shining, and all the roughness is emphasized. A very important point is lighting, the closer to the walls of lighting devices, the smoother the walls should be. But all these problems are solved by themselves if the walls are stuccoed under the lighthouse, in this case everything is simplified, as the walls are brought to an ideal state. Before you begin aligning the walls under the wallpapering, you need to prepare them. To do this, you need to remove the old wallpaper if there is, remove all sockets and switches the ends of the wires are insulated, the walls are primed, concrete surfaces treat with concrete contact.
Next, proceed directly to the alignment by any of the methods listed below, align the walls with putty, sand with sandpaper or diamond mesh and ground before gluing the wallpaper to level the absorbent capacity of the walls.
4. Specificity of wall alignment under wallpaper pasting
Aligning the walls with stucco mixes for wallpaper can be divided into three methods. The first method is the most expensive and simple plaster on lighthouses, the walls are flat in all planes.
The second way is more economical, leveling the walls under the rule. The difference of the second method from the first is that the walls of the walls are leveled, but without observing the level. Savings are due to a reduction in the amount of the mixture, at least 2.5 times and the work is cheaper by 20-30%. In this case, the walls are straight, but there will be some restrictions on the wallpaper, you need to avoid wallpaper with a vertical striped pattern and wallpaper with a fit, because the vertical bars will immediately give out the lack of a vertical level, and the wallpaper with the fit will not dock in the corners due to the displacement of the picture .
The third way is the cheapest alignment of corners and adjunctions under the rule, the requirements for choosing wallpaper, as in the second method. The difference between the third method and the second is that the entire wall is not leveled, but only 50-70 cm of the surface from the floor, ceiling and corners. It only creates a kind of evenness, because we, with no measuring instruments or tools, see everything relatively, so if there is no possibility to finance global and thorough repairs, but with the correct selection of wallpaper and lighting installation, you can visually align and update absolutely any room . But do not think that if the alignment has become smaller, then the task will be simpler, all the way around. Because many masters put such tasks into a stupor, it's easier for them to put beacons and stucco over them than to think about how to make everything out of nothing.
5. Putty, features of finishing alignment
Spatting is needed in order to eliminate plaster or leveling disadvantages by coarser blends. Splitting is divided into 3 stages.
1. Application of the base layer - to remove large defects such as shells, pits, streaks and stains from the rule.
2. The application of the finishing layer - to smooth out minor drawbacks of the base layer, is not always necessary, just before painting or gluing the thin wallpaper.
3. Grinding - to remove traces from the spatula and final alignment. The peculiarity of the final leveling or filling is the method of application and consistency of the solution. The solution must be sufficiently thick so that when applied, it can smooth the irregularities up to 3 x 4 mm. at a time and do not shrink when drying. Apply putty better circular motions, rubbing in crosswise directions, so on not smooth wallsthe maximum effect is achieved, and a thick solution will not let the spatula touch the wall thereby preventing the so-called patching effect on the scraping.
6. The subtleties of the alignment of walls under the rule
Aligning the walls under the rule has some subtleties. The most basic, all abutments from the top and bottom, all angles by the rule should be smooth, when installing ceilings and skirting, the effect of good smooth walls is created. The next moment all the door openings are leveled or very close to it, no more than 5 mm. on the entire height of the door, so that the installer has mounted the door correctly. The walls in the kitchen are especially the part where the furniture will be placed better to render under the lighthouse and it is desirable to withstand a corner of 90 degrees with the wall where there will be a corner part of the headset if provided for in the design of the kitchen. I do not recommend doing this work by myself if you do not have the relevant experience, since the more you pile up the more expensive the correction will be by specialists. Therefore, it is better to immediately turn to professionals save your time. If everything is done correctly, you can get an excellent result for less money.
Our.