The popularity of peas among gardening is explained by the fact that it has a mass and at the same time is completely uncomplicated in growing and grooming. Peas are a cold-resistant plant that is not whimsical and does not have special requirements for the composition and fertility of the soil in which it will be grown.
In addition, on its roots are tuberous bacteria that enrich the soil with nitrogen, so peas are an ideal precursor for any vegetable crops. But you should know that for high yields, it is necessary to take into account some of the agrotechnical features of this plant when planting peas at the dacha.
Dates of planting peas
Peas should be planted already in April: during this period the soil has sufficient moisture, and this perfectly affects the germination of the plant. Since the pea germinates at + 1 ° C, the temperature of the air should not be particularly emphasized. By the way, shoots of peas can withstand temperatures of -7 ° C.
If you like to eat this vegetable raw, you can extend the time of its use in this form, planting the plant at some interval, about 10-12 days. The deadline for such landing is mid or late May.
Peas - planting and care
The scheme for planting peas is quite simple and does not require special knowledge or skills. The plant grows well on almost any soil, except perhaps, which before planting it will be necessary to excel well. For planting peas in the ground, you need to pick up a fairly sunny place - the more light, the higher the yield.
In dachas or household plots the scale of cultivation of this vegetable culture is not great, so we recommend using tall varieties, they are more productive. For such varieties of peas, a support is necessary that can not be provided in the fields for large-scale cultivation, but at home it is quite realistic.
In order for the pea to germinate better, they should be soaked in water for 12 hours, while not forgetting to change it every 4 hours. After that, the seeds are planted in rows after 5 cm. The row spacing is not less than 15 cm. And the depth of planting of a centimeter is 4, not less so that the birds will not peck out.
During the emergence of sprouts, with insufficient soil moisture, abundant watering of the plant is recommended.
If you have correctly prepared the soil before planting peas, then fertilizing the plants is not required. If, for some reason, you have missed this stage, then the shoots can be fertilized with nitrogen fertilizer. And remember that peas need additional nutrition only at the initial stage, before flowering.
Growing peas in the open groundPeas (Latin Pisum) is a representative of the genus of herbaceous plants and the family of legumes. It is grown not only for harvesting, but also as a siderata. The remains of pea vegetation saturate the soil with nitrogen, which has a beneficial effect on the development of the following crops grown on the site.
Growing peas in the country, the timing of sowing
Since the culture has a deep root system, it is necessary that at the time of planting the soil is sufficiently warmed and dried. Sowing can begin in the last decade of April, and the planting of peas in July ends. Observing a break of 10 days between treatments, you can enjoy a fresh harvest for several months.
Planting pea seeds in open ground
This culture loves open sunny terrain with deep-lying groundwater. Growing peas on acidic soils is undesirable. Hydrogen pH should not exceed 7 units. Culture likes easy, but fertile soil, and excess nutrients are also undesirable, especially nitrogen.
Soil preparation and crop rotation
The preparation of the soil should be dealt with in autumn: a good digging of the soil, and make potassium salt and superphosphate 20 and 50 grams per square meter. m, respectively. It is recommended to treat sour soil with ashes, bringing in 0.3 kg per square meter. m.
You should not grow the culture on the same place every year. Unwanted predecessors are any beans. Peas yield a good harvest after tomato, potatoes, pumpkin, cucumber and cabbage.
Preparation of pea seeds for sowing
Peas are a rapidly developing culture. The period from sowing to flowering is 30-50 days, and a month later the first pods ripen. Therefore, many prefer to use a seedless method, sowing seeds directly into the open soil. Do not be afraid of frost, the plant develops well even at low temperatures.
Seed preparation is as follows:
- they must be sorted out, thrown out bad and damaged;
- soak for a few hours in plain water;
- disinfect with boric acid: prepare the solution (1 g for 5 liters of water), heat up to 40 degrees Celsius, and place the seeds in it for 5-7 minutes;
- after drying on a paper napkin.
Planting peas in the open ground
There is a simple scheme how to plant peas in the garden:
- better to use high beds;
- furrows make wide, depth to 8 cm, and at a distance of 0.5 m;
- the grooves are partially filled with a mixture of ash with compost, then a layer of earth, leaving about 3 cm for sowing;
- seeds are sown at a distance of 7-10 cm, and covered with soil;
- soil moisturize and compact, it will retain moisture and protect the grain from the birds.
Planting should be covered with a transparent film for 7-10 days, until the first shoots. Between the rows you can grow salad and radish.
Peas - growing and care in the open ground
Active care for peas begins when the sprouts reach a two-week age. Plantings are neatly loosened, and young bushes hill. During the entire season, weeds should be cleaned regularly. When the greenery reaches a height of 0.2-0.25 m you can install supports.
Pinching the tops
Care for peas in the open ground after the installation of supports is to pinch the tops to stimulate the growth of lateral shoots. This should be done in the morning, because until the evening, the wounds should dry up. After a while lateral shoots also pinch.
Watering peas in open soil
One of the most useful legumes is peas, the cultivation and care of which will not be difficult, following the rules of watering. These plants do not tolerate drought. Standard irrigation is carried out every 7 days, in a volume of 10 liters of liquid per square meter. m. When the weather is hot, watering up to 2 times a week. Similarly, during the flowering period.
Top dressing of peas
Feeding is carried out 2 times a month, combining them with watering. A couple of teaspoons of nitroammophoski must be combined with 10 liters of liquid, and used on 1 square. m planting.
Compost fertilizers are less common:
- before flowering;
- after him;
- during the autumn processing of the site.
Garter of peas
For the construction of supports, you can use meter pegs installed along the bed at a distance of 1.5 m from each other. Between them fix a wire or twine.
During the formation of pods, weak stems do not withstand the load, and they need to be tied up. It is enough to raise them and put them on the twine, and then the plants will be fixed on it using antennas.
Diseases and pests of peas in the open ground
Growing peas in the open ground is often accompanied by plant diseases and insect invasions.
Pests of peas
The most frequent pests are:
- garden shovel;
All these insects eat leaves and fruits of plants, lay eggs on them, and their larvae continue to destroy bushes. Scare off pests can be with the help of fragrant infusions of garlic and tomato greens:
- 20 g of garlic grind, insist 24 hours a day on 10 liters of water, strain, treat leaves;
- crush 3 kg of tomato tops, insist 2 days for 10 liters of water, strain, sprinkle plants.
With a severe defeat, you can use insecticides: Fastak, Spark.
Diseases of peas
This culture has the risk of contracting certain diseases, which can be avoided by observing agricultural techniques, crop rotation, and disinfecting planting material and soil.
Pea cleaning
After 60-80 days after sowing, you can harvest. If you started in April, then by July the pods will begin to mature gradually, starting from the lower ones. Harvesting should be done at least every other day. Collect peas carefully, pinching pods. Tearing them away - it is very likely to damage the bush.
During peeling, it is possible to continue its crops. You can not use the vacated garden, it is necessary to prepare a new one. The planting of peas in July can yield a harvest until the end of September.
The result
Peas are a source of irreplaceable vitamins and microelements for the human body. It is easy to grow it in the open ground, observing the elementary rules of care, you can harvest several crops.
Foreword
Contrary to the common opinion that planting peas does not require special knowledge and skills, a number of rules need to be followed when growing this common culture. What you need to consider in order to get a rich harvest - read on.
1
Such a useful plant is not too choosy. Nevertheless, there are still some peculiarities of growing this cold-resistant crop. Peas are not particularly demanding on the fertility of the soil, which can not be said about the presence of light. Places that are selected for planting should be sufficiently sunny and lighted. In the absence of sunlight, yields can drop significantly, and the taste of your pea will be far from ideal.
Any type of soil for this culture is acceptable, except that with the exception of acidic ones. If you want to get a good and early crop, then you should plant the seeds in April - this is the most successful time, since the sun is already shining quite well, and the earth has warmed up and there is plenty of moisture in the soil. With enough moisture, the peas germinate well.
Do not worry if at this time the air temperature will be at the level just above zero degrees - the grains germinate even at a low temperature to -5 ° C. Peas usually plant close to each other - 5 centimeters will be enough. The distance between the rows should be about 15 centimeters. And as for the depth, it's better that the peas are not too close to the surface, since then the likelihood that your grains will serve as a delicacy for hungry birds increases.
Like any plant, peas periodically need watering - from the regularity of irrigation depends largely on the final result. Moisture is important in all periods of ripening, otherwise you run the risk of encountering ovaries and flowers. But look, do not overreact a stick - too much water can cause rotting of the root.
2
Peas grow quite easily without any fertilizers in nutrient soils. But take into account the fact that peas develop much faster and better on lands where organic was used for the previous culture. The same manure can harm the bloom - it should be introduced only during the autumn processing of the soil. Some use mineral nitrogen fertilizers to increase the yield, however, how great the benefits of such actions are, a big question.
What to plant after the pea - the question is not difficult, because you can plant any crops. The very same peas are better to sow after tomatoes and potatoes, cucumbers, zucchini and squash, carrots.In this case, the crop rotation rule applies-those crops that were planted earlier actually prepare the soil for the following plants. And it is better if cultures with small roots will replace plants already with a deep root system.
To ensure that the peas can be collected for a long time in fresh form, it can be planted on different sites with pauses in a few days, or even a week and a half. However, at the end of May, it should be rounded off - peas need a lot of light, and its active phase of growth will fall on the most optimal days, when the sun shines the longest.
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Green peas are a widespread culture in Ukraine, which in 2016 was allocated in Ukraine 200.18 thousand hectares. This is quite enough to meet the needs of domestic processing enterprises, citizens.
Modern technology of agroponics allows to receive high productivity and quality of production.
The article will be interesting both for experienced truck farmers and beginners, revealing the most important aspects of growing in the country, field or. Having studied our advice, you can get the desired harvest, and perhaps this culture will become the direction of your business, as the demand for it is quite stable.
Vegetable peas plant annual, pollinated independently, white flowers, appear on day 40 after sunrise, then a fruit - bean is formed. Beans are short, medium long and very long, depending on the species.
The goal of growing is getting green peas and beans. Green peas are an energy and dietary product, widely used in cooking.
Seed selection
The first thing you need to know is that all varieties of this legume differ in terms of maturation, which will provide you with more than one collection for 2-3 months.
- The early ones are: Zamira, Misti, Corwin.
- Mid-ripening: Asana, Abador, Ashton, Sherwood.
- Grades of late maturation: Nicholas, Matrona, Twin.
In addition, peas in grades are divided into:
- sugar, tender, soft and very tasty, which can be consumed with the skin, since it lacks coarse fibers;
- cerebral (shelling), as tasty, but more suitable for freezing and canning.
- smooth grain, suitable for cooking first courses and cereals.
After selecting the seed, we move on to preparing the land.
Preparatory stage for disembarkation
Remember, there is one simple and reliable method of sorting seeds before planting. We take 1 liter of water, we dissolve in it 1 tbsp. l of salt, we add to this liquid the selected, surfaced - for landing are not suitable, but those that are at the bottom - we wash and dry, here is our seed.
For the purpose of greater germination, the selected material should be soaked. Pour the selected material with warm water and expect it to swell, changing the liquid every 3-4 hours.
You can also prepare a mixture - water and growth stimulants, in this case soak for 3 hours. In general, the soaking process lasts no more than 17 hours, after which we plant the finished ones. This is the first method. If suddenly, you do not soak the seeds, put them in the ground dry, where they swell, but you have to be prepared for the fact that the shoots will come out a little later, but stronger.
Landing process
One of the important moments when planting is the choice of the site and its quality. Categorically contraindicated sand, acid and land with the presence of salts. The choice of territory is crucial in cultivation technology.
The area on which the cultivation is planned should be prepared globally. First of all, it is necessary to level the site, because unevenness, the presence of furrows and lumps will significantly complicate the cleaning process. In addition, the area should be cleaned from weeds, especially from dicots and perennials.
It is undesirable to sow in low embossed areas that are prone to swimming (may be flooded). There is no danger if the plants were planted, pumpkin and vice versa, the soil will be unfavorable after legumes, peanuts, lentils and peas. Particularly positive are the cereals. Useful is the soil on which the peas grew, for many crops, the productivity of winter wheat increases.
For landing, choose the solar territory, closed from drafts of the site.
Peas are a culture that is not particularly afraid of the cold, so we start seeding in the last decade of April, as soon as the land dries out after snow. Grades that can be sung quickly can be planted until the middle of July.
It is advisable to plant from the end of April to the beginning of July every 11 days. However, landing is considered optimal until the end of May, as a full light day will ensure the formation of flowers and fruits of culture.
The area should be sunny, the soil light, it is desirable to prepare in the autumn period, dig up the soil, adding 30 g of potassium chloride and 10 g of urea per m². On the arrival of spring, 10 grams of carbamide per m² will be added to the ground. As the trunks grow with giant branches and low yields.
Technology of planting. Legumes are sown in prepared, which is dug and loosened, in holes 6 cm deep, 15 cm wide. Distance between pits is not less than 0.5 m. A meter is enough to sow 60 to 100 seeds.
For the purpose of protection from birds and insects, the territory can be covered with a net or light-transmissive material. Long-awaited sunrises can be expected in a week. Between the seedlings, you can plant other salad plants.
Wooing Rules
The basis of care is abundant watering with loosening and weeding of the territory. A few weeks after sowing and the appearance of sprouts, the first hilling is necessary. For sprouts taller than 22 cm, create a support in the form of stakes, between which stretch the rope or net, which will allow the stems to curl, and not to be confused and broken. To obtain a full harvest, pinch the upper shoot of the bush, and the trunk will open lateral shoots, which can later be clipped. This procedure should be carried out at dawn.
Watering. The plant does not tolerate heat and drought; therefore, in such weather, it needs enhanced watering during the flowering period, it also needs abundant watering, several times a week it is poured, then, weeding and loosening. Water for irrigation should not be icy, the density is not rigid, flowing.
It is advisable for a deeper, set irrigation system, which turns on in the evening and works throughout the night.
Such watering will not harm the plant, it will not wash its root system, it will gradually penetrate into the soil and saturate it with moisture. Externally, the stems also absorb moisture. In the morning, the irrigation system is turned off, so the plant will dry out and not get sunburn.
Fertilizer and fertilizing. Watering can be combined with top-dressing with dry mullein, compost, humus and potash-phosphorus fertilizers. This procedure is carried out twice, before bud formation and after flowering, autumn can also be used to fertilize the soil.
Pests and diseases. The most harmful disease of the legume has always been pea fruit moth.
Butterfly, which moment of flowering lays eggs on the plant, as a result, small caterpillars appetizingly eat all the plots. In the fight against this pest, you can apply chemistry - cyhalothrin. It should be remembered that this drug is used only before the formation of the fruit, as it will penetrate further into food.
Following the path of folk remedies, use dandelion leaves or onions, as well as garlic.
Pour these ingredients in an amount of 2.5 kg with 10 liters of water, insist a day and spray the plants. This means also helps in the fight against pea aphids.
Collection and storage
Remember that picking pods contributes to the development and maturation of new ones. Therefore, the harvest is provided to you every other day.
The harvest of peas is harvested, it is customary to harvest the peas after reaching the maximum size, the pod itself acquires a bright color, but before the mesh is formed on it. When the net appears, the fruits become not edible - hard.
If you have sugar beans, collect it when the pod is flat.
Depending on the variety and purpose, the harvested crop can be used in the following directions:
- used fresh;
- canned;
- freezes;
- seeds for future crops.
If you plan to get high-grade, you need lower pods that get by cutting the stem under the root itself and placing it in a closed, dry and unventilated room.
Germination seeds last more than two years.
The plant can be used as a compost, which is added to the soil.
While watching the video you will learn about growing peas.
Well, here we are and presented the main secrets of growing peas in the open ground, taking advantage of which the success in this interesting and useful process is ensured!
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Who among us in his childhood in the garden at his grandparents did not eat a handful of sweet milk? It's so nice to open a pot-bellied pod and pour peas on a palm, and then immediately send them to your mouth. Modern children no less love us such an occupation, because today it is for them that we grow on our plots this vegetable. In addition, homemade peas are great for. About how to properly plant peas, let's talk in our article.
We plant peas in the country
Sow peas immediately in the open soil. If you do not know how to plant peas in the spring, do not be discouraged - everything is extremely simple. It is advisable to prepare a garden bed for him from the autumn, digging the earth 20-30 cm and adding compost, potassium salt and superphosphate. And in the spring it remains to pour the ashes into it.
If you did not do all this in the fall, you can prepare the bed immediately before planting the peas. Just do not add fresh manure - it causes active growth of greenery to the detriment of flowering and ovary pods. But the overgrazed manure under the peas is good.
It is important to take into account the predecessors of peas. The best option would be potatoes, cabbage, pumpkin and cucumbers. The pea itself is an ideal predecessor for absolutely any cultures.
Since peas are a cold-resistant plant, it is already possible to start sowing it in the middle of spring, but not earlier than April 20. The earth should dry by this time. Early-ripening varieties can be planted until 10 June.
Before planting, pea seeds are soaked in water at room temperature for 12-18 hours, changing water every 2-3 hours to a new one. Further, it is possible to treat the seeds with a growth stimulant or to warm for 5 minutes in hot water with microfertilizers dissolved in it.
Prepared in this way, the seeds of peas are planted in moist soil. You can sow in several stages with an interval of 10 days, then you will always be provided with peas.
It is also important to know at what distance to plant peas. Usually it is done at intervals of 5-6 cm between peas, dipping them 3-4 cm. Between the rows leave 15-20 cm. The rate of sowing of peas is approximately 100-130 seeds per 1 m2.
On the bed you need to make a furrow 20-25 cm wide, fill it with compost and mix it with the ground. The depth of the furrow should be 5 cm in total. The peas must be sprinkled with earth and compacted well. The first shoots will appear after a week or two.
Care for peas in the country
In addition to knowing how to plant peas, it is important to be able to properly take care of it in the future. At once it is necessary to tell, that this vegetable is extremely hygrophilous, and at a lack of water at it flowers and ovaries simply disappear. Therefore, it should be watered at least once a week before flowering and 2 times during flowering.
In addition, it is necessary to loosen the rows, especially after heavy rain, so that the soil does not form a crust. If the pea variety is tall, it is necessary to provide plants with a support in the form of a wire or a grid fixed on two-meter stakes.
As for feeding, if from the autumn you have made all the above fertilizers, you do not need to additionally fertilize peas. If the spring is cool, you can add some nitrogen fertilizer. And as a top dressing for peas a solution of Mullein with nitrophosphate (1 kg per 10 liters of water + 1 tablespoon of nitrophosphate) is suitable.
Harvest time
Peas usually bloom on the 28-60 day after planting, depending on the variety. And a month after flowering, you can start harvesting.
Peas refers to multi-crop, 
that is, it is necessary to harvest crops from it in several stages. Each harvest stimulates the plant for more active growth and development of new pods. With proper agricultural techniques, it is possible to harvest up to 4 kg of peas from each square meter of planting.
If you want to get not green peas, but mature beans, peas should be left for ripening on the bush until the ripening of the last lower pods on the bush. After this, the plant can be cut off at the root and tied into small bundles, then suspended for a further ripening for another week at 1.5-2.