The reset system in apartment house and the private structure are two different schemes. In the variant with a city apartment, half of the work has already been completed. There is a plan for passing the riser and is already being erected from it. Sewage in the bathroom in a private house is started from scratch, that is, from a fan riser.
In a private house, the distribution of all pipes from sewage pipe or a septic tank before connecting the mains to each element in the bathroom, is thought through at the design stage. This business is not easy. It is necessary to take into account all the nuances of construction, correctly lay the carts through the foundation and sketch out the layout of the interior of the house and calculate slope of sewer pipe.
Even with the initial experience and basic knowledge, it's not everyone who can design the wiring in the bathroom. Often, many resort to the services of engineering companies. It is the person specializing in this direction who is able to withdraw all drains in the house in accordance with GOST without delays and to direct them along the right path.
The impossibility of independent design is justified by the presence of a large number of components present in the system. In order to put a complete sewerage system in the bathroom and in a private house, you need to purchase the following items:
- pipes of various diameters for branching;
- a sewage well;
- two types of risers: sewage and ventilation
- a chain of node systems for water purification, if a closed-loop wiring is installed;
- pressure collector;
- revision elements;
- sanitary equipment.
The main rule that must be remembered when assembling the sewerage system in the bathroom is the principle of two points. Upper and lower. The first is the supply of sewage to the common reservoir, and the second - the outlet to the central highway.
Important! Often in the bathroom of a private house and in an apartment of a multi-storey building, you can hear various "sobs", groans, extraneous noises in the sewer. Cases of failure of hydraulic locks are not uncommon. All these are consequences of incorrect sewerage. Therefore, the main thing is to follow the building recommendations.
To installation of sewer pipes specialists did not cause censure, follow the basic advice. The highest point is above any water withdrawal in the feed system. From this level the wiring is not carried out in principle. At the highest point of the fan pipe, mount the ventilation mechanism (valve). It is needed to prevent the ingress of an unpleasant odor from the life of the bacteria. During the discharge of water, short-term pressure drops occur. At this time, and the supply mechanism is triggered, taking air from outside. In addition, the valve protects the hydraulic seal against possible damage.
It happens that the sewerage distribution in the bathroom can not be done without several risers. Such situations are not uncommon and this is permissible if several consumers are to be connected in the premises. As an example, a multi-storey house can serve, with a separate bathroom in each bedroom. In this case, the principle of the bottom point is observed: all reset points are reduced to one collector at this level.
To make the connection to the riser in the bathroom in a private order, circulating pumps are installed. This need is due to the large length of the branch or the specificity of the terrain. Circulation sediments are more often used in already prepared highways, when the discharge of waste functions incorrectly. If conducted replacing sewer stand , then the equipment is installed in accordance with the developed scheme.
Wastewater Route Scheme
Having dealt with general principles, let's talk about the technical side. First, you must sketch the sketch of the gasket, taking into account all the points of connection and reset. Next - we select the diameter of the pipes that we will use, taking into account the total load, equal to the number of consumers and the length of the highway.
Council. When designing a sewerage system in a private house or apartment, note that all pipes have different lengths and only one bell. It is necessary to compare the dimensions of the spans, and try to use the finished elements in the work without soldering and building up.
The scheme should take into account all the bends of the bend, the number of fittings and clamps for fastening to the wall. A rigid connection is required. If you do not use it, the plastic pipes will quickly lose their tightness. You do not need to say too much about using materials in your work. Cast iron pipes are not affected initially because today it is better to make a sewerage distribution in the bathroom and throughout the house polymeric materials. They are comfortable in work and will last at least 50 years.
Preparation for work: partial or complete dismantling of the old system
The gasket must be started from the lowest point, and better in a remote location. That after it was easier close the sewer . In the apartments, often have to go, either to full or, if you're lucky to partial dismantling. But, nevertheless, even if you were lucky enough to protect yourself from unnecessary manipulation, be sure to check that the water supply was blocked.
If you change the wiring in the old apartment, you can only sympathize. Cast iron pipes were previously connected, a mixture of oiled hemp and sulfur. An original glue sealant from the past, so tightly connects the pipes, that sometimes they can be dismantled only with a sledge hammer and a crowbar.
Council. If you are to do such work, you need to work with a hand tool. The integrity of the fan pipe should not be disturbed. In this case, the "lounger" and wiring are dismantled to the node connection with the riser, acting as carefully as possible, as it approaches the set point.
Sewer installation rules: important points
According to the sanitary rules and the specifics of sewerage work in an apartment or a private house, all pipes must be laid with a slight inclination, relative to the flushing manifold. It is also important to observe the diameter of the main lines. For example, a toilet is connected with a pipe of 100 mm. Ideally, it is better to do the sewerage, while planning, as few as possible turns at 90 ° C.
Installation with a large number of complex connections leads to frequent blockages. As a consequence, you will have to purchase sewer cleaning device . Avoid sudden changes in altitude, within one branch. Bends on vertical risers are highly undesirable, and especially pay attention that at the point of intersection of the pipe and wall panel no fittings were used.
Today, all sewer and water pipes in an apartment and a private house are accepted, covered with decorative boxes. This gives aesthetics, and it helps to reduce noise. When planning such a decoration, leave the inspection holes for access to the junctions. Today, this is easily solved, thanks to the presence of various embedded windows in the market.
In general, the whole point of conducting sewerage, be it a private house or apartment, is to observe the exact dimensions. It is important to pay attention to the location of plumbing devices. Today, almost everyone makes bathrooms, combined with a toilet. In this scheme, the font should always stand on the top point, and the toilet is mounted only after it. Often home owners have to look for a compromise, between desire and opportunities.
Types of pipes and their advantages and disadvantages
A reliable sewage system or sidebar can not be made of poor-quality material. All that is used in the work, must comply with GOST and recommended by experts in the field of sanitary equipment. Connections, tees and nipples must be of the same material as the sewage pipes. And they are classified into three categories:
- the material from which they are made;
- wall thickness;
- presence or absence of a special coating.
Class "A" - thin-walled pipes. Used for sewerage in the house or apartment, in the absence of excessive pressure in the system. With an advantage in a small price, they have a shorter service life. For laying in the bathroom apartment building is not used. With care are installed in private buildings.
Class "B" - high strength. They differ in their resistance to high pressure, are well tolerated by high temperatures. The disadvantage is the high cost.
Service life of cast-iron pipes does not have to use them for laying waste systems in houses. Of course, there is no basic prohibition, just this material has outlived itself in principle. Moreover, the market today offers a large number of reliable counterparts.
Materials:
- Polypropylene. Pipes made of this material are often the basis of wiring in the bathroom. They have a high resistance to mechanical damage, but have a small coefficient of linear expansion.
- Polyethylene. Differ low cost. Applicable for distributing sewage in a private house and in multi-storey buildings. The market did not receive much recognition.
- Metal. From this line for the laying of sewage, copper lines are used more often. The reliability of the material has been tested for hundreds of years. Of the shortcomings, only high costs are noted.
For the laying of sewage in a private house there are no barriers in terms of lack of materials. Therefore, you only need to properly design the system and proceed with installation work.
Sewerage in the house is one of the most important communication systems. Thanks to it, the tenants feel comfortable. The conclusion of all drains is its main purpose. If the plan of your repair includes the installation of the water pipe of the bathroom with your own hands, then it is necessary to solve the issue with sewerage. This is a very serious moment, since it is right to install a sewage system - this is the foundation for all other repairs. Before the beginning repair work Determine which plumbing devices you will need. With a combined bathroom it can be a bath or shower cabin , a sink with hot and cold water, a toilet and a washing machine. Without plastic pipes there is no installation of a sewerage system. They do not have much pressure, so they are thinner than tap water. The greatest advantage of plastic pipes is their durability, ease of installation, they do not rust. Pipes made of plastic are divided into two classes:
- Class A - thin-walled. They are more suitable for the ventilation system.
- Class B - strong and reliable, they are required when replacing sewage system in the bathroom. But their price is an order of magnitude higher than in class A.
In addition to plastic pipes it is necessary to purchase:
- Adjustable wrench.
- Stopcocks.
- Impact-type electric drill.
- Soldering iron with special nozzles.
- Pipes of the required length (diameter 50 mm for the washbasin, bathtub, etc. except for the toilet bowl and 100 mm for the toilet outlet.)
- Bulgarian for cutting metal.
- Fasteners and fittings.
- Cutter for precise trimming.
- Technical petroleum jelly and ribbon.
- Cement solution.
- Silicone sealant.
Dismantling of old pipes
Usually this operation runs smoothly, unless there are parts of pipes in the bathroom that are walled in. Bulgaria is the main tool in this process. Open all pipeline and sewer parts of the pipeline, which are closed. When dismantling the riser, be careful, since this part of the sewage system is connected to other apartments, and the wrong actions can cause trouble for you and your neighbors. During the dismantling, take care of your health and wear a respirator and glasses to protect yourself from dust. So, dismantling:
- Turn off the water on the riser of your apartment.
- With the help of a grinder cut old pipes, stopcocks, cut the threads and screw new ones.
- Close the new faucets, turn on the water.
- To water in the pipes did not interfere, drain it.
- The washing machine, mixers must be disconnected.
The connection of the bathroom and the distribution of pipes for plumbing The installation of plastic sewerage with your own hands begins with the installation of a filter and a counter. The counters should be set so that it is then convenient to read the readings. Make sure that they are installed in the direction of the arrows, which indicate the direction of the water flow. The body of the meter is placed in any position.
The first step is to install a riser, because there are problems with sewerage at this moment not only for you, but for your neighbors. It's unlikely they will like it. All work on the installation of sewage should be done after leveling the floor and walls, which will allow you to correctly determine the level of installation of pipes in each section:
- Insert the spider or tee into the lower bell. Use a rubber cuff or silicone sealant.
- Using special clamps, attach the riser to the wall.
- After installing the riser, take care of the wiring. Now you do not cause any inconvenience to your neighbors.
- When replacing pipes, the funnels are positioned along the water flow path, the pipes are changed from the bottom upwards.
- Pipes must be installed with a slope of 2 cm per meter of pipe length, so that the sewerage is not clogged.
- When the sewerage installation in the bathroom is finished, be sure to check the system and make sure that there is no leakage.
process of building sewage pipes The installation of the bathroom is not very difficult, but there are certain nuances:
- Use a siphon with two outlets to connect to the drain and overflow.
- When connecting the bath to the sewerage system, it is necessary to use a siphon out of smooth plastic pipes . Do not use corrugated pipes, because inside they have an uneven surface, in the recesses of which accumulates dirt, and the siphon gets clogged.
- Between the drain hole and the pipe there should be a slight difference in height so that the water in the bathroom does not stagnate.
- To connect the siphon, use a plastic adapter, suitable for the size. If the pipes are plastic, then the adapter must be plastic if the pipes are cast-iron - rubber. Joints must be sealed, otherwise there will be a smell of sewerage in the bathroom.
- Tighten the nuts on the siphon by hand, the keys can damage the siphon, and it can crack.
- When the siphon is assembled, attach the bath to the sewer, ie, insert a part of the pipe into the socket.
To connect pipe fragments in the bathroom, use a soldering iron, but remember that soldered areas should be easily accessible. After soldering the pipe parts, wait 15 seconds for the plastic to become firm. Due to the fact that hot water flows through the plastic pipes, do not fasten them to the wall. Here it is necessary to use plastic clips. They will be irreplaceable and when securing sewer pipes. Check the presence of sealing pads in the places of assembly of the drain from the bath, sink or shower. Lubrication with technical petroleum jelly is necessary when connecting and threading. If there is a need to untwist the thread, this will be easy enough.
Installation of a toilet bowl
If you decide to make the installation of the sewerage of the bathroom with your own hands, then to install the toilet bowl will not be too difficult. To do this you need to perform the following actions:
- Plug the plastic bottle with the pre-cleaned part of the pipe.
- Put the corrugated pipe on the outlet. Put the toilet bowl in place.
- Place the specific gasket under the mounting heel.
- Gently push the toilet bowl to the wall.
- Mark the place of the anchorage on the floor with a black marker.
- Drill holes for fastening with a diamond drill.
- Insert the dowels into the holes.
- Attach the gasket and mount it.
- Screw the washers and screws into the designated holes. Twist them into the dowels must be carefully and in no case not to drive.
- The edges of the pipe must be treated with a sealant. Get the plastic bottle out of the pipe and connect the toilet bowl to the sewer.
- Drain the tank with anti-corrosion bolts.
- When installing a flexible water supply hose, twist the nuts with your hands, and then tighten with a wrench.
- Lower the water, make sure there is no leakage.
Remember that for 6 hours you can not use the toilet, because the silicone should freeze. Do not feel sorry for the sealant. It does not happen much. But silicone should not be inside the pipe. To test the entire system, you need to pour 2 buckets of water into each plumbing fixture and make sure that there is no moisture and puddles.
scheme for the distribution of sewer pipes for plumbing in the bathroom Installation of the washbasin of the bathroom with your own hands
- Start with the mixer. It must be attached with the help of nakidnyh nuts through the gaskets made of rubber.
- Attach the siphon. Insert the bellows hose into the socket. For sealing, use either a standard gasket or a cuff. In a set with a siphon there is corrugation, it all depends on its diameter.
- Do not forget to check for leaks or make sure they are not there.
Features of connection to the sewer system of a bathroom of a shower cabin
A shower cabin is not a luxury, but a comfortable, reliable and practical assistant to modern man. Install it with your own hands is easy. If you decide to save on plumbing and do the installation yourself, then you need to know this:
- Connection is made by the principle of connecting the bathroom. The drain must be located higher than the level of the pipe.
- Typically, the shower drain system consists of corrugated pipes, so you can install the shower in any convenient place.
- Before installing the booth, you should carefully read the instructions, because manufacturers offer different models, and there are nuances that need to be considered.
Proper connection of the washing machine to the sewage system
Draining of dirty water from the washing machine can be carried out in a bath or toilet bowl, or in a sewage system. The first method is inconvenient in that the machine hose is lowered into a bath or toilet bowl, and the water goes into the sewer. At this point, you can not take a bath or shower, you can not use the toilet, after dirty water you need to constantly wash the bath. In addition, the hose can jump off and fill the floor with water, and at the same time and neighbors from the bottom.
It is possible and necessary to arrange a sink for the washing machine directly in the branch pipe, which leads into the riser or into the siphon of the sink. Everything depends on the location of the washing machine. The polyethylene drain hose is in the kit with the machine, it has a special tip. This hose is attached to the back wall with the help of special clamps. The hose should be at a height of 80 cm - this will facilitate the work of the pump.
wiring for connecting the washing machine in the bathroom How to eliminate the unpleasant smell of sewage in the bathroom
If the bathroom has old rusty pipes, then they can create an unpleasant odor. However, there are still reasons for his appearance:
- The problem with the hydraulic locks. This is a layer of water that is in the bent part of the pipe. Water does not allow sewage gases to flow out. But if there is no fan pipe, the water trap threatens to break. Also to its failure leads the complete filling of pipes with water.
- The lack of normal ventilation affects the pressure level in the system. As a result, it rises, and the gas from the sewer penetrates into the room.
Your actions with poor functioning of hydraulic locks:
- Do not use pipes smaller in diameter than the construction rules advise you.
- Systematically clean the system, do not allow the accumulation of deposits on the walls.
- Sometimes a clogged siphon causes an unpleasant odor. Clean it at least once every six months.
What to do with minor leaks
If the leak is serious, you will immediately notice it. Minor leaks are not visible, they do not form puddles on the floor, and spots from dampness you do not immediately notice: they should be looked for specifically, looking under the tub or behind the toilet. However, small leakages can "spoil the air" in the bathroom. If you feel an unpleasant smell of sewerage, carefully examine all sewage system bathroom, find and eliminate the "sick" places.
The sewage system in the bathroom is a complicated mechanism, which consists of sanitary elements, wiring and siphons. If you want to make the installation of the canalization of the bathroom with your own hands, then you must plan and skillfully design your work. Following the above described methods, you can easily assemble a durable and quality sewer system that will not cause problems for many years. The main thing: with all responsibility to approach each stage and do not forget about the regular inspection of the sewage system.
In the process of building a house or undertaking major repairs to the bathroom, special attention should be paid to the condition of the sewage system, in particular the pipes. If the sewer pipe in the bathroom is rusted, has an unpleasant appearance, sometimes it flows, so it's time to change it to a new one.
Installation of pipes can be carried out with their own hands without much effort. To do this, at least a minimal understanding of what a sewer is and how to do it yourself is enough. Following step-by-step instructions, even a person who has never faced such a type of work will be able to.
In order for the new system to function qualitatively and for a long time, it is necessary, first, to choose the right material from which the pipe is made. This should be done taking into account the peculiarities of the local climate. Sewage pipe in the bathroom is part of the internal pipeline, so the requirements for it are not so severe, so to the materials that will lie outside the house.
Sewer in the bathroom
To do the work at the proper level, you need to think ahead in advance to the smallest detail. The preparatory work includes:
- measurement of the parameters for the procurement of materials;
- purchase of sewer pipes and other materials for work;
- preparation of necessary tools;
If you execute correctly preparatory work, then the installation itself will be easier and faster.
Purchase of pipes for the bathroom
For the installation of a sewer system in the bathroom, pipes for the water supply system will be needed. They serve to connect points of intake of domestic appliances with pipes from which hot or cold water flows.
For installation of the internal pipeline, plastic sewer pipes are used. In multi-storey houses, probably, old, already rusted cast-iron pipes. If you plan to give preference to cast iron, compare the technical characteristics of different materials. Plastic is inferior to metal except in terms of strength, although if the quality of solving the problem of how to hide sewer pipes in the bathroom, then you can be calm for the state of the pipeline, it will not be affected by mechanical factors.
Note! Plastic pipes are divided into classes. For the bathroom will fit pipes of class "B". They have thick walls, are able to withstand high temperatures, do not deform with time, but also cost more than thin-walled materials of type "A".
Tools and materials
Before proceeding to the implementation of the main complex installation works, you need to prepare the tools and materials that you might need. Plastic pipes differ from metal products in that they are easier to install, so you can do without the involvement of specialists and the use of professional equipment. What can actually be useful when performing repair work on installing sewer pipes in the bathroom?
instruments
- file, hacksaw, tape measure;
- pencil, building level, ruler;
- plastic pipes of different diameters;
- their plastic fittings;
- sealing cuffs;
- clamps and compensator;
- inspection hatch;
- cement mortar and silicone sealant.
One of the most common problems of sewer pipes is their clogging up during operation. This is due to the fact that the roughness at the joints was not cut off during installation, because threads, hair and other debris begin to accumulate at the junction points.
Measurements and calculations
Do not install the sewer system spontaneously or, as they say, "by eye". This can lead to a significant reduction in the service life of the sewage system. First you need to plan everything properly. Take a sheet of paper and a pencil, draw all the exits and entrances of sewer pipes, the location of plumbing units and household appliances that consume water. After that, measure how many meters of pipe you need, write down what other materials are necessary for installing the system, then go to the store for purchases.
Measurements and calculations
When calculating the calculations, the following nuances should be considered:
- sewer pipes, which have an unequal cross-section can be joined by means of special tees;
- to connect a bath and a sink to the system at the same time, you should use a tee with three outlets;
- to determine the number of pipes, you should consider their diameter and length.
After completing the main set of works, you will have to decide how to close the sewer pipes in the bathroom, so the measurements should be as accurate as possible.
Dismantling of old pipes
Dismantling of old pipes
Dismantling the old sewage system and preparing for the installation of a new one is the guarantee of durability and reliability of the structure. The old heavy cast iron pipes themselves are difficult to dismantle, you should call at least helpers. It should be noted that when disassembling pipes there may be some difficulties, since sometimes there are areas where the elements of the system are tightly screwed to the wall. Here you can not do without special tools.
It is much easier to do repairs in your own mansion, as the owner is fully responsible for the condition of the house and can fix his mistakes at any time or just close their eyes. But when replacing the sewer system in the apartment of a multi-storey building, you should be especially cautious. One wrong step and the system can hurt not only your bathroom, neighbors will also face unpleasant problems.
Installation of sewerage system
When everything is ready, the measurements are made, the material is bought, the old pipes are dismantled, we start the installation of a new sewage system.
Note! Begin the installation work should be from the installation of the riser, as this is the most time consuming and complex process. To replace the riser from the cast iron, you can use a large diameter plastic pipe.
Sewage installation
Installation of sewerage is carried out in several stages.
- In the cuff of the riser we fix the tee.
- With the help of clamps we attach to the walls a riser and new sewer pipes.
- We replace the old pipes with new pipes starting from the bottom.
- Pipes should be installed under a small slope in order to prevent clogging of the sewage system with household waste.
- Clamps are also used to secure the sewer pipes that pass behind the furniture.
- When the pipes are in their places, you need to check the tightness of the system.
- At the final stage we carry out finishing and cleaning works, we install plumbing in our place.
How to hide pipes in the wall
When the new sewer system is already installed, it is checked, it remains to solve the problem of how to hide the sewer pipes in the bathroom, because they pretty spoil the aesthetics of the room.
The most common option, how to clean the sewer pipe in the bathroom from the view, is the wall shrouding. It is carried out before installing the sewer system. It is not difficult to do this if there is a Bulgarian and a special disk for processing bricks, concrete and stone. After the sewer pipes are installed and the system functions well, it is necessary to carry out finishing work and to fill the furrows in the walls.
To work was carried out as qualitatively as possible, you need to pay attention to the following points.
Sewage system is an integral part of the bathroom. It is difficult to imagine a comfortable life without a properly equipped drainage system. From this article you will learn how to design and install sewerage in the bathroom yourself. Find out where you can hire a professional for this job and price for services.
At the initial stage of sewerage system construction, marking works are carried out. On paper, the scheme of the location of all plumbing is drawn, which is connected to the sewage system. The location of the pipe laying is determined and the material requirement is calculated.
In the course of performing the measurements and calculations, it is necessary to take into account the following features:
- The pipes are connected by means of tees with different outlets or adapters having the shape of a funnel.
- Particular complexity will cause the laying of pipes under the bathroom. In order not to waste time on removing the tub, the connection of pipes is made of several elements.
- If you plan to simultaneously connect the sink and bath, the sewer wiring is performed using a tee. The third outlet can be deflected by 45 ° or 90 ° from the axis of the pipes.
- To connect the siphon to the sewer pipe, a pipe-outlet with a rotation angle of 90 ° is used.
If the installation of some plumbing, which requires draining, is planned in the future, then there must be a challenge for it. It is easier to close the pipe with a temporary plug (although this is not attractive), rather than re-installing the sewer system.
Classification of plastic pipes
Nowadays plastic pipes are used for sewerage. Compared with metal products, they differ:
- light weight;
- a solid operating period (more than 50 years);
- easy installation (easy to cut and connect by hand).
There are such types of plastic pipes:
- polyvinylchloride;
- polyethylene;
- polypropylene.
The first two types of pipes are practically not used to create a sewage system. The most suitable for sewerage are polypropylene pipes, which withstand high temperatures.
According to the international standard ISO 3633, plastic pipes are marked "A" and "B". Pipes marked "A" have thin walls and are used to create a ventilation system. For the sewage system, plastic pipes that are marked "B" are suitable. They have thicker walls that will withstand the effects of hot water.
Pipe selection criteria
Main technical specification plastic pipes is their diameter. Immediately it is worth mentioning that in most cases, manufacturers mark the pipes, based on the size of the external diameter.
For sewage the main parameter is the internal diameter. The purchase of pipes of a certain diameter is carried out depending on the type of sanitary ware. In particular, the minimum diameter of the pipes is:
- for the washing machine and dishwasher - 25 mm;
- for bidet and sink - 32 mm;
- for a shower cubicle or a bath - 50 mm;
- for several devices connected to one outlet - 70 mm;
- for the toilet and the main riser in the apartment - 100 mm.
The second parameter, which is taken into account when purchasing sewer pipes in the bathroom, is the length of the products. On sale there are pipes with length from 1 to 6 m. It is most convenient to work with a material that has a length of 2 or 3 m.
When calculating the necessary footage of plastic pipes, you should also take into account that they are equipped with sockets with rubber bands, which are designed for tight connection of adjacent elements.
Preparatory work
In addition to calculating the pipes, an exact calculation of the number of fittings is carried out. If there are corners in the system, it is not recommended to create right angles. It is better to use two fittings that are mounted at an angle of 45º. This is the best preventive method to prevent pipe clogging.
To save a little money, in the bathroom you can lay one tube, which technical parameters will suit all plumbing. Bath, sink, washing machine are connected to a common pipe, which is directed to the main riser. The only exception is the toilet. It should be directly connected to the riser.
For cutting of sewer pipes a hacksaw for metal is used. To produce a smooth cut, the pipe is drawn in a circle. The hacksaw should be kept at a right angle. Stripping the cut ends of the pipe is done with sandpaper.
When cutting pipes, the dimensions of the fittings are taken into account. It is recommended to cut off pipes immediately before laying them. So it is easier to determine the location and length of stacked pipes.
Nuances of laying plastic pipes
The connection of two adjacent pipes is done by means of a fitting. And more precisely, the hermetic fixation of the pipe takes place in the elastic of the fitting. The pipe must be inserted as far as it will go. It is very important that the fitting and the pipes are clean. Otherwise, over time, the connection will be sealed. To improve the tightness of joints, the ends of the pipes are treated with a soap solution.
The most difficult process is the installation of a riser. Therefore, it is from this site that the installation of the sewage system begins. First, the tee is installed. To do this, the rubber cuff, which is pre-lubricated with a sealant, is placed in the lower bell and connected to the tee. To fix the pipes and the riser to the wall, clamps are used.
After the riser assembly, the pipes are taken to the places where the plumbing fixtures will be located. Immediately need to provide for the presence of bias towards the riser. It should be within 2 cm per 1 m of pipe. If the laying of sewer pipes is carried out in stitches of walls, then for their reliable fastening, clamps are used.
After carrying out the installation work, all connection points are carefully checked. A connection is made between the drainage elements of the sanitary ware and the pipes. This procedure is not complicated. Difficulty can only cause the connection of the bath to the sewer.
Connecting the bath to the sewer
To attach the bath to the pipes it is better to use a siphon with overflow. Its installation provides for compliance with two requirements:
- Creating an optimum drop in height of the outlet and drain pipe. The specific size of the drop depends on the height of the siphon outlet.
- Providing access to the siphon, which is necessary for periodic cleaning of the spillway.
As for the pipe that will connect the bath to the sewer, then best option - this is a rigid plastic product. They should have two knees, which will ensure the optimal rotation of the elements. If it is not possible to connect the drain units with rigid pipes, corrugated pipes are used. When connecting pipes of different diameters, adapters are used.
The connection of the bath to the sewage system consists of such sequential actions:
- all rubber gaskets fit into their seats;
- the siphon is assembled and the overflow pipe connected to the bath;
- screwing in the fastening elements;
- with the help of a branch pipe and a pipe the siphon is connected to the drain hole;
- the joints are sealed in places where the bath touches the wall.
The connection of all plastic elements takes place without the use of carob or gas keys. The work is done manually. Otherwise, there is a risk of damage to the plastic thread.
After the completion of the installation work, preliminary testing of the sewage system is carried out. It is necessary to include all plumbing fixtures and stock up 2-3 buckets of water. When the plumbing starts draining the waste water into the system, the buckets of water pour into the sink, bath and toilet bowl. In the presence of leaks, it is necessary in such places to remodel the fastening of the sewerage elements.
Problems in sewage system installation
Old pipes
In the course of works on the device of the water drain it is possible to face a number of problems. For example, at the stage of dismantling work you can face old pipes, "tightly" fixed to the wall. This is especially true for tenants of old apartment buildings. In this case, you need to carefully remove the old finish, so as not to damage the elements of the common sewerage system.
Correct grade
When laying new pipes, the slope should be observed, which we have already mentioned. But the matter is that at carrying out of installation works the created design is exposed to a small displacement. To prevent this process, you should use the clamps-hangers with snaps.
Leak
Another problem is the presence of a continuous leak as a result of testing and reconnection of the pipe with the fitting. In this case, a sealant is used on an adhesive basis. It is applied to the joints. A pipe with an elastic band is inserted into the fitting. After drying, the sewage system is tested again.
Smell
Quite a frequent problem for the bathroom is an unpleasant smell. It can be caused by various reasons:
- lack of water in the hydraulic seal;
- damage to the sewer pipe;
- deterioration of tightness of pipe joints and drains;
- accumulation of debris at the bottom of the siphon.
Lack of water in the hydraulic seal
The first reason for the lack of water in the hydraulic seal may be a poorly installed pipe in the siphon. The branch pipe just does not reach the water, and the smell passes by it. This problem is solved by lowering the nozzle 2-3 cm into the water.
The sagging of the corrugated pipe.
This defect could occur if the pipe is not fixed with spacers or tape.
Long-term non-use of the bathroom is also one of the factors causing the unpleasant odor. The water in the siphon simply evaporated. To remove an unpleasant odor, open the water and ventilate the room.
Damage, deterioration of tightness and blockage.
When a crack is formed in the pipe, dirty water gets to the floor and wall. As a result, stains and molds occur, which lead to an unpleasant odor. The crack is sealed with a sealant, and the tube is wound with an adhesive tape. The sealant is also used when restoring the tightness of the drain and pipe connections.
Cleaning of the siphon from debris accumulated at the bottom is done by unscrewing the bottom of the siphon and washing it. For preventive purposes, periodically used chemical means, designed to clean the sewer.
To begin with, you already have a main sewer line. It does not matter whether you live in an apartment or in a private house, you need to divert drainage water and other sewage, for this purpose there is a sewage system in the bathroom.
Under the main highway in this article will be understood the main sewer pipe, brought to your home, from which we will further do the wiring. About how to lay the main canalization with your own hands, read in our other articles.
Plastic sewerage.
The bathroom is the place where plastic sewerage will have the largest number of bends, as in addition to connecting to her bathroom we also need to install a toilet, a sink, and sometimes a washing machine.
Like all other works, the laying of sewage in the bathroom should begin with planning, which is a technical drawing or just a sketch (sketch). As they say: we will dance from the toilet bowl, as the outlet pipe from it is of large diameter (110 mm) and it should be in the closest proximity to the central highway.
We look at our conditional sketch. This is how the sewerage in the bathroom looks like in our example. You can distribute and plan everything in its own way, it does not depend on it. The size of the bathroom is also conditional, so fantasize. For us, the main thing to show clearly on the example is the principle of wiring and laying plastic sewage in the bathroom.
Remember the main thing:
Rule number 1: the toilet is the closest point to the central sewer line.
Let's return to our drawing.
The points A, B, C, D, and E are the connection points (connections of sewage branches).
- A - the entrance to the central highway.
- В - connection of a toilet bowl.
- C - wiring node.
- D - connection of the sink.
- E - connection of the bath.
It is not necessary that all the outlets of your sewer system are located at a right angle and strictly perpendicular to each other, but remember:
After we have all planned on paper, we will begin to refine the size and selection of materials. As we said above, the dimensions of your bathroom can be any, so the distances between points A, B, C, D, and E will be conditional.
A-B: 50 cm.
B-C: 100 cm.
C - D: 200 cm.
C to E: 150 cm.
Let our bathroom and not quite a good layout, do not forget that this is just an example.
Material for sewage.
Now, pipes for sewerage in the bathroom are mainly used for sewage pipes made of pvc.
Also, there are many fittings to such pipes: a knee, a tee, an adapter, etc.
Note that all pipes and fittings on one or more sides have a bell-shaped thickening, which is provided with a rubber sealing ring and serves to connect the sewage parts to each other. Details on sewer pipes can be found on our pages.
Now determine the size of the pipes for our plumbing in the bathroom, the number of rotary knees and tees and the method of sewerage.
About the method of bookmarking in this article, let's say briefly. There are only three methods:
1- Sewerage in the walls. The sewage pipes are mounted in the walls.
2-external sewage system. Sewer, laid on the surface of walls and floors.
3- Sewerage in the floor. Pipes drain sewage concrete screed or they hide under the floor.
The dimensions of the pipes and the selection of fittings for the installation of sewage in the bathroom.
It is believed that the main line should be at least 100mm in diameter. Usually it is, therefore, to connect the toilet, we take a pipe of this diameter. (It is sometimes called 110-koy by the outer diameter). Therefore, the length of such a pipe in our drawing will be 50 cm.
(segment AB). Now we need to connect this pipe to the central highway. To do this, get a turning knee at 90 degrees.
To connect the toilet bowl (the most difficult in this project) will require a more complex configuration, since we need to go on to a thinner pipe later. So, take the tee in the shape of the letter "T" with a diameter of 100mm.
To him we buy an eccentric transition for the transition from a diameter of 100mm. on 50mm.
Now, combining all this with each other, we should get a design similar to the one on the diagram below:
Note that:
Rule number 3: Everything is connected by the bell against the current. This is done so that the water flow does not have excess resistance, formed by the transition between the pipes.
The transitional eccentric must be installed in this way: the smallest diameter up, which also avoids the ingress of thick masses into a small diameter pipe.
Next, you can connect the toilet to the point "B", using a special corrugated connecting pipe. 
Now we need a sewer pipe with a diameter of 50mm. length of 100cm. (from the point "B" to the point "C").
We attach it to our design from the side of the transitional eccentric, and to the other end we connect the tee, which will serve as the point of the decoupling of our sewerage system. Point "C".
Here's what we got:
Now you can begin to connect the bath and the sink. Connect them with the same pvc sewer pipes, but you can also use a corrugated hose. True, this is a completely different story, which we will discuss in another article.
We have come to an end, but there are a couple of tips that you will read below about what plastic sewage is in the bathroom.
Results:
In the end, we learned about three basic rules:
Rule number 1: the toilet is the closest point to the central sewer line.
Rule number 2: the more straight pipe sections, the easier it is to clean the formed jams in the pipes afterwards.
Rule number 3: Everything is connected by the bell against the current. This is done so that the water flow does not have excess resistance, formed by the transition between the pipes.
More tips:
In the load, we can say that the slope, although minimal, is, however, welcomed to avoid stagnation of water. The slope is towards the central highway and it should not exceed 1 cm per meter.
Cut sewer pipe can be an ordinary hacksaw for metal or a small hacksaw for wood, but the edges of the cut are better to clean.
On long sections of the sewer pipe, it is advisable to put the brushes for cleaning in the event of a blockage, which are easily closed with plugs by special plugs.
To connect the washing machine using a special tap with a thin diameter.