In houses where people live for a long time, high-quality and functional heating devices must perform their work in a constant mode. This will help ensure a comfortable and stable temperature regime in the house, all round the clock.
For this purpose, ovens are usually used, which differ in the optimal heat capacity. They give heat for the longest time from spent from time to time furnaces. In addition, a wide variety of boilers are widely used, which continuously heat the air or the used heat transfer fluid. This applies to living quarters and buildings.
Those that are classified as non-residential, are heated a little differently. For the reason that heat is only needed sometimes, it is required to receive it as quickly as possible and with a small amount of material waste. To such premises it is possible to carry such objects, as hothouses, different trailers, sheds, small houses. For them the best option there will be an effective self-propelled worm with a water circuit, independently made and working on working
By its design it is the most primitive oven, which, however, has proven its ideal efficiency for quite some time. It is for this reason that the kilns, which are working on working off, and do not currently lose their relevance. You can easily find a suitable drawing and make a design yourself.
Some manufacturers of modern heating equipment are still engaged in the production of good models of the factory plan, but in spite of this, the logs on the wood or on the workings are often made by themselves, drawing on the drawing. At the same time, their general characteristics sometimes much higher than the standard factory options.
Below, the main features of this heating device will be described, which will help you decide what important details you need to pay special attention to if it was decided to make the stove with your own hands.
- Among the main advantages of this furnace are such positive factors as:
- The barge is a relatively simple design, which can be done without any problems by a simple craftsman by using improvised tools and materials;
- This product as a result is quite mobile, even when using a thick sheet of metal or lining;
- Due to the presence of walls made of metal, the furnace quickly heats the room - this is why this device for country cottages and a garage is an ideal option;
- Low cost of the furnace, as well as the fuel used, as very often such furnaces work on the working-out.
Before making a stove of such a plan, drawing on a drawing or a photo, it is worth knowing about the presence of some drawbacks. Due to the small heat capacity, such an oven warms up the room when the furnace itself is being made directly.
The wall of the device is very heated, therefore extreme caution is required in the process of handling the oven.
The main models of self-made burzhuek
By its principles, the burger is practically no different from the models of a special solid-fuel device. This is a particular type of very simple stove fireplace category. There are also special models that are equipped with cooking hobs and special bath appliances.
The material used to make the stove
Often a burger is made of high-quality steel, but in some cases cast iron can be used. With different types of metal, often made of natural stone elements. If cast iron is used, then it is worth counting on the low heat capacity parameters, it is very difficult to find it and it is not easy to cook it. Many for this reason prefer steel, it is much easier in the process of work. At the same time, the thicker the material, the longer it will last.
If you plan to make a device for rare applications, for example, for emergency situations with a heating system, then make it from a simple iron, whose thickness is 1 mm.
In the process of making the furnace, all the fashions can be used factory. This applies to such elements as grates, necessary doors, burners and latches. Many masters make them with their own hands, using steel.
Shape and material for the shell
If you want to make a burzhuyku using drawings or photos, you need to use the method of cutting a metal sheet.
- In addition, the following elements are used:
- Molded profiles;
- A square shaped pipe;
- Special corners;
- Armature;
- Rod.
All this is required to make the furnace body rectangular. Due to the presence of special planes, the body will be distinguished by the ideal ergonomic properties. In other words, the burger will be as stable as possible, it is easy to handle and cladding. The stove can be easily and simply docked with a variety of designs, objects and details.
As a basis, various metal cases and boxes made of metal can be used. Often these are cylindrical elements, for example, large diameter pipes, cans, gas cylinders.
In the process of making a kiln by yourself, welding will be required without fail. If the metal is not very thick, the oven can be made with bolts, screws and drills.
Regardless of the chosen model, it is important to use the blueprints at the base of the manufacturing, because despite the relative simplicity, it is necessary to follow certain instructions for the implementation of the heating means.
Important components of the structure
To make a strong garage for the garage, it is recommended to use detailed schemes, photos here will not help. The drawing will help you to make a practical and very effective version of the oven yourself, which will be an ideal solution for heating your garage or other premises. 
Production of a combustion chamber
It is worth noting that the larger the fire chamber is by its area, the better it will be, since the furnace, which operates on oil, on wood, and on workings, transfers the function of efficient heat transfer. In addition, it is important to have a decent area of the bottom of the chamber, then it will be good to lay firewood or other coolant. It is for this reason that the shape of the furnace must be cylindrical, and also laid on its side. All rectangular furnaces should also be oriented strictly horizontally. Vertical arrangement is possible only if the furnace is characterized by large dimensions.
Ash Making
This structural element is not always done, because the ash can be removed directly from the fuel chamber. To ensure the supply of air, the door will simply have to drill small holes. If it is planned to make a garage oven with a ash pan, then it can look like a box. Such a design makes it possible not to take the space of the combustion chamber. Metal in this case can be used rather thin, since there is no danger of burnout. It is also not required to weld it, just screw it all with screws.
Grate
If a similar element is used, it effectively separates the chamber and the ashtray located in the housing. The grate can be used factory, made of cast iron. The rule of distance is compulsory. The interval between the bars should be 10 mm. For fixing it is quite possible to use a special corner, which with its outer edge is turned into the fuel chamber.
Openings and doors
Such elements, as a rule, are made of metal, which usually remains after the work on cutting out the necessary details is carried out. The doors with the body are connected by means of welding and steel canopies.
Mandatory installation of a strong locking device - bolt or bolt.
Especial attention deserves apertures, as here it is necessary to use standard sizes, which show the drawings:
- For heating 250 to 250 mm.
- For podduvala - height 100 mm and width 250 mm.
- Canopies are usually put on one vertical, while the distance between numerous openings is about 10 cm.
To ensure that the openings and doors do not drop coals, the furnace opening is best done about a couple of centimeters above the level of the grate.
Emissions of gases and fumesPipes for this furnace should be of a diameter from 100 to 150 mm. This element takes a direct part in the process of heat transfer, therefore it is made of high-quality steel, and also it is not insulated. A detail such as a branch pipe is usually located on the side, as well as at the very top of the furnace, the first option being the most preferred.
Pipes in the room are usually not conducted along the shortest lines, but strictly at one of the most remote points and simultaneous inclined and horizontal sections. This design significantly increases the amount of heat received.
Pipes with which the furnace is equipped, as the drawings show, must necessarily be equipped with valves - moving along the guide or turning.
The need for such elements is based on the fact that it is possible to regulate smoke removal as efficiently as possible, to cover the chimney for a time when the furnace is not being carried out.
The gate valve on the pipes must be installed without fail, especially if different measures are taken to increase the total heat capacity of the furnace.
Details for a significant increase in combustion and heat capacity
Pipes in the manufacture of a waste oil furnace are not the only necessary element. It is important to ensure an optimally long-term combustion process. For a kiln that runs on waste oil, a special suspended load is ideal. As the fuel burns, he will press the load to the bars with his gravity. A metal pancake with a hole can be used as such cargo.
As the elements providing heat capacity, it is possible to use a stone.
Here you can note such options:
- If the furnace is operated on waste oil, the lining with special refractory slabs is optimal. It is ideal in that the body made of metal is much less worn out, and the volume of the furnace is also preserved;
- Another method is based on encasing all walls with a brick. As a result, it is possible to get a furnace that runs on waste oil;
- There are, working on oil, which have in their upper part an open box. It is laid stone or brick.
- Very often, an oil-burning stove is designed in such a way that a mesh for strong fixation of stones will be located on its two sides.
Summing up
This article has described the main points on the manufacture of furnaces that work on oil. If you know all the main points of their manufacture, you can quickly make yourself a burzhuyku.
All this is just the most basic moments, but there are also numerous additional details, such as legs, handles for moving and a protective screen. These parts usually reflect the blueprints, so everything will be as easy and simple as possible.
A small cottage, a garage or a workshop can be heated with a small compact metal furnace called a burzhuyka. It can be made both from the old steel pipe, a gas cylinder, a barrel and even an old jar, and weld from sheets of metal. Most importantly, the metal for making such a furnace was not too thin.
Burzhuyka from a gas cylinder, an old jar, barrels and a furnace operating on spent fuel
Materials and Tools
To create a burzhuyki need:metal thickness of 3 ± 0.5 mm: more thin sheets quickly burn out, in addition, under the influence of high temperature they can lead, and the oven will become formless; The thick-walled metal will be heated for a very long time;
chimney pipe;
rods 16 mm;
a sheet of metal with a thickness of 0.3 mm for the device of a box for collecting ash;
roulette, ruler, chalk;
welding machine 140-200A;
a Bulgarian for cutting metal; for making round holes it is more convenient to use a gas cutter;
metal brush for cleaning welding places;
emery wheel for fitting doors;
drill and drills.
Schemes of the bourgeois
The main advantage of a rectangular oven, in contrast to oval products made of pipes or gas cylinders, is a larger area of the heated surface, so its efficiency will be much greater. The optimum size for the burzhuyki 800h450h450 mm. The oven of this size does not take up much space and can easily fit even in a small room.
The simplest design is the stove "Gnome", which consists of a box with a pipe welded to it
An important distinction furnaces of Loginova is the presence of two plates ( reflectors) at the top of the furnace compartment. As path of gases at the same time, the heat transfer of such a turbine is substantially higher than that of a conventional metal furnace.
Tip. If it is required to reduce the size of Loginov's oven, it is desirable to change only its width. When the length and height of a structure change, its efficiency can be significantly reduced.
Detailed diagram of the Lognova
The main stages of manufacturing the turbojet
1. On the sheet metal all the details are marked: 6 steel rectangles for the walls of the furnace, 1 rectangle for creating a smoke reflector, grate plates and a latch for the door.2. Uncover sheet metal can be on any metal warehouse. The guillotine, in contrast to the Bulgarian, allows you to cut (cut) it more accurately. In this case, straightening (aligning sheets) do not have to do.
3. The furnace body is made in the form of a rectangle. Their sides are joined together at an angle of 90 ° and welded together.
Welding box
4. To avoid mistakes, the oven box is first picked up by welding in several places, and only then, after checking its horizontal and vertical, its seams are cooked.
Important! All connections in the body are thoroughly cooked; to check the seams on tightness it is possible to cover joints with chalk or kerosene.
5. Weld seams are brushed with a metal brush.
6. The inner space of the turbine is divided into three parts: a furnace, a smoke chamber and an ash pan. To separate the furnace from the ash pit, a grate is laid between them, on which fuel will be placed. To do this, at an altitude of 10-15 cm from the bottom of the furnace from the sides and at the rear of the box are welded angles 5x5 cm, on which the lattice will be located.
Council. The grate should be made of 2-3 detachable parts. Otherwise, when replacing the burnt lattice, it will be difficult to get out of the furnace.
7. The grate is welded from thick bars of steel or stripes 30 mm wide. They are attached to 2 ribs - 20 mm in diameter. As the grate bars burn over time, it is better to make such a grill detachable.
Grate making
8. At a distance of 15 cm from the top of the box are welded two strong rods, which will be mixed one or two removable reflectors - thick-walled sheets of metal, which will delay the flow of hot gases and send them to burn. However, they should not completely block the furnace. In order for hot smoke to flow into the pipe, an indentation of about 8 cm is made from the front (for the first sheet) and the back of the furnace.
Scheme of passage of gases in the simplest furnace and furnace with an installed reflector
Hole for pipe
10. The front part of the furnace with cut-out holes for the doors of the furnace and ash pan is welded to the last.
11. The size of the firebox door should be sufficient so that you can effortlessly lay fuel and change the grate. The hole for the ash pan is made slightly smaller.
12. The hinges are welded first to the door, and then to the hull of the burger. They can be bought ready or welded from two tubes of different diameters. Handles for the door can be made of a strip of metal or rod.
Welding of the door
Important! When fastening doors adjust them to the hull as closely as possible; for this, they are straightened (leveled) and stripped by an emery wheel. Wedge latch, closing the door, fit the body as closely as possible.
13. On such a stove, you can cook food or warm water. For this, an opening of the required diameter is cut in the upper part of the box. Burner for the oven, which will be inserted into this hole, can be purchased at any construction store.
14. For convenience of use the construction mounted on legs or a welded pedestal of pipes.
15. The chimney is connected to the furnace by means of a sleeve.
16. For inserting the throttle valve, regulating the output of smoke, two holes are drilled in the tube. The metal rod is inserted into the holes and bent at 90 °. To him in the center of the pipe is caught a "nickle" of metal - a gate, the diameter of which should be slightly less than the diameter of the pipe itself by 3-4 mm.
The damper for adjusting the smoke output
The device of the chimney
To ensure that precious heat does not escape through the pipe too quickly, it must have a special design. This device has two main parts: vertical height of 1.2 m, installed at an angle of 90 ° above the furnace and an inclined part, called hog, a length of 2.5-4.5 m and more, in which the smoke burns out. It is the boar that gives up to 1/4 of the heat of the entire furnace.
Chimney hobs
A person of high stature can touch a heated pipe, so the boar must have a protective casing in the form of a grid. To avoid burns, the distance from the floor to this pipe should be 2.2 m. The vertical part of the pipe emanating from the furnace is additionally wrapped with heat insulation.
Important! The pipe should be located away from the plastered walls at a distance of 1.2 m. The distance from the wooden structures is 1.5 m.
Council. Pipe laying through a wooden ceiling and roof is a laborious process. It is much easier to pull it through a hole in the wall or window.
Smoke output through the window
The rules for the safe installation of a metal furnace
The barge is heated much stronger than a brick oven, so all flammable objects should be kept away from the stove at a sufficient distance. If the floor in the room is wooden, it is installed only on bricks or metal sheet. The metal, in turn, is laid on a sheet of asbestos with a removal of it by 35 cm or more from the edges of the stove. In front of the furnace, it should protrude 5.5 cm. Asbestos can be replaced with felt impregnated with clay. Install such a screen to reflect the heat can and on concrete.Important! A working oven requires supervision. Do not leave the room for a long time, where the burzhuyka is heated.
Installation of a burzhuyki on a brick foundation
We increase the efficiency of the furnace
Burzhuyka able to heat the room in just a few minutes. And in the furnace you can throw everything that comes to hand: since it does not have a ramified network of chimneys, and the smoke in it comes out "directly", you can not be afraid that they will clog.But if a conventional heating furnace installed in the premises for permanent residence has a branched network of chimneys that hold up heat, it goes directly into the tube in the turbocharger, so its efficiency is not too great. That's why it is too "gluttonous" and requires a lot of fuel.
To reduce fuel consumption, you can use the following tips experienced ovens:
a door to the furnace and an ash-pit in such a furnace must be as tight as possible; otherwise, the air supply to the fuel cell will increase, and the fuel will burn too quickly;
to adjust the output of warm smoke in the chimney it is desirable to provide a damper;
next to the oven, you can provide side metal screens at a distance of 5-6 cm from the furnace, in which case it will heat the room not only by radiation of heat, but also by convection (circulation of warm air);
The burzhujka, "dressed" in a metal casing, will help to save heat much longer;
Burzhuyka in the casing
Round oven with afterburner and heat gun casing
To delay heat in the room should be increased in the pipe of the knee; However, soot will be retained in them, so it is desirable to create a collapsible construction;
The pipe can also be given a stepped shape: arrange the legs in stages, with each step making a turn by 30 °; In this case, each of the legs must be securely attached to the wall by the rods;
Furnace with bends for chimney
throughput chimneys should be less than the capacity of the furnace itself, in which case hot gases will not escape into the pipe immediately; its diameter should be only 2.7 times larger than the volume of the furnace, for example, with a chamber volume of 40 liters, the diameter should be 110 mm;
It is possible to increase the efficiency of the furnace and by means of blowing chimney blower - this will turn the furnace into a kind of smoke cannon;
to reduce air circulation firewood in the oven must be packed as tightly as possible; if it is heated by coal, it is necessary to stir up the ashes as little as possible;
To regulate the air intake, the door to the ash-bath can be made adjustable by equipping it vertically slots and latch, which will overlap these slits;
to increase the heating area, it can be furrowed, that is, welded to its body perpendicular to the furnace strips of metal;
if you put a couple on the stove bucket or metal box with sandthey will accumulate heat and store it even after the furnace has faded; sandy filling or heat accumulator from stones can also be sewn inside the metal body of the furnace;
Scheme of a sandwich with sand filling, the furnace is made of a pipe with a diameter of 500 mm, its length is 650 mm
Bake, lined with 1-2 layers of bricks, will store heat much longer;
Brick Screen
The furnace volume also matters: the more area of its walls, the more heat they will give to the room;
bricks or metal sheet, on which the furnace is installed, will not only help to secure the premises from a fire, but also to keep the heat.
In order to perform some kind of work in the garage or at the dacha during the cold season, you need to organize simple heating. Knowing how much electricity costs now, most garage craftsmen prefer to use factory and home-made heaters operating on wood or oil working. The task of our article is to provide drawings and describe in detail how to properly make a burzhuyu with your own hands for use in a garage or a small country house.
We select the design of the stove
Since there are enough drawings of ordinary burzhuks on the Internet, we will offer 4 original designs to choose from, one of which is certainly suitable for your conditions:
- Two-way furnace on wood and coal, welded from sheet metal.
- Vertical heater from a gas cylinder with an air or water circuit.
- Pyrolysis stove of long burning from a cylinder or pipe, installed horizontally.
- A drip on the development of automobile and other oils.
Unit with two smoke circuits
Note. A heating furnace can also be built of ceramic bricks, as described in this topic. Such a source of heat will fit well into the interior of the villa, but it is inconvenient for the garage because of the size of the brick structure, long warm-up and lack of mobility.
Wood-fired heater with air chamber at the top
- If you spend a bit of time in the garage (1-3 hours a day), you will need a quick heating of the room, and it will provide a vertical wood-burning stove with an air heat exchanger (option number 2), presented in the photo. Thanks to the fan that drives the air through the upper chamber, it acts on the principle of a heat gun.
- The same second option is suitable for boxes of large sizes (standard dimensions of the garage - 6 x 3 m). Then the air chamber turns into a water circuit, connected to the heating registers.
- For the constant heating of the standard garage, option 1 - an efficient two-way furnace on wood, or No. 3 - a unit for long-term combustion, is suitable. The choice depends on the material you have: the first is made from a propane balloon, the second is made of sheet iron 4 mm thick.
- Those who plan to burn waste oil for heating, it is recommended to weld a drop-type stove from a round pipe (option # 4). If you want and ability, you can modernize it - remake it in a cauldron, making a water jacket.
Double chamber pyrolysis oven
Reference. Of the popular garage gems, it is worth mentioning 2 more designs: the famous stove is the Bubafony upper burner and a small heater from the wheel disks. The production of the first is described in detail, the second one is shown in the video:
Assembling an efficient burner
It is common knowledge that conventional iron stoves are characterized by a low efficiency (about 45%), since a significant part of the heat flows into the pipe together with the flue gases. In our design, a modern technical solution is used, used in solid fuel boilers - installation of two partitions in the way of combustion products. Bending them, the gases transmit thermal energy to the walls, which makes the efficiency to be higher (55-60%), and the barge is more economical. The operating principle of the unit is represented by a diagram - diagram:
For manufacturing, you will need a low-carbon 4 mm thick sheet steel, a piece of Ø100 mm pipe and a metal roll for legs and a grate. Now about how to make an economical burzhuyku:
- Cut the workpieces from the metal according to the drawing and execute the openings for the doors of the firebox and ash pan.
- Cook the grate from the corners or fittings.
- From the cut out parts, make doors with locks.
- Assemble the unit on the tack welds, and then weld the welds completely. Place the chimney branch and legs.
Council. The lower partition, which is strongly heated by the flame, is better made of thicker iron - 5 or 6 mm.
For better heat transfer by masters, it is practiced to weld additional external ribs to the body, as is done in the photo.
How to weld a vertical furnace from a cylinder
This stove-burger differs from similar units by the presence of an air chamber, arranged in the upper part and completely isolated from the firebox by a steel partition. Inside, heat exchange ribs are installed through which the heated air is blown by the fan. To supply cold and ejection of hot flow, nozzles 40-50 mm in diameter are built into the cover, which is demonstrated on the drawing.
Note. The organization of the air heating chamber in the upper zone of the firebox allows you to select the heat of combustion products passing it into the chimney. Since in vertical furnace the flame covers the entire portion of firewood, there is intense heating of the air flow in a separate compartment, so that the temperature in the garage rises rapidly.
The first operation is the correct disassembly of a 50-liter propane bottle. To displace the remains of liquefied gas, it is necessary to unscrew the valve and fill the tank up with water. After the bulgarian you need to cut off the lid (the line of cut - the factory suture) and act in this order:
- In the side wall of the cylinder, draw rectangular openings for the ash and loading door and draw them with a steel strip 3 mm thick, as shown in the drawing. Cut a hole Ø100 mm under the chimney.
- Make a grate of a removable type and install them inside the case on the welded corners.
- Make the doors of the ash and fuel chamber, attach the handles and hinges to them, and then install them into the framed openings.
- Cut a circle Ø30 cm from a metal thickness of 4 mm - this will be the bottom of the camera. Weld to one of its surface ribs from waste metal, then tightly dock it with the firebox on welding.
- In the cut off lid, make 2 holes and weld the pipes to connect the air ducts. When ready, replace the cover in its original position (but now - above the heat exchanger) and carefully weld the joint.
A vertical burzhuyka in a garage is capable of burning wood of various quality and humidity, including sawdust, and also supply heated air to any point of the room, which is important for greenhouses. In addition, it can provide heat radiators and registers, if they are connected to the nozzles in the cover of the upper chamber and fill the system with a coolant.
Attention! To avoid boiling water and breaking pipes, you need to create a constant forced circulation from the pump and put the expansion tank open type. As a coolant, use antifreeze, because the garage is not heated around the clock.
Manufacture of a horizontal heater
If the standard propane balloon is laid horizontally, and at the end you arrange a door, you get a fairly capacious firebox, which will include a meter of logs. For better heat transfer and afterburning of pyrolysis gases, it is necessary to make a secondary chamber with partitions, as shown in the drawing.
Afterburning of combustible gases in this furnace is combined with selection of heat from combustion products enveloping hemispherical partitions (they are cut out from the cylinder body). Well, an indispensable attribute of intensive heat exchange - the outer ribs of steel strips - are always put. Practice shows that such a stove heats a garage with an area of up to 50 m² in a medium burning mode, as described in the next video:
In the manufacture of the heating unit is simple: the front is installed doors, and in the back a hole is cut where the secondary chamber is welded from the pipe or the second cylinder. In order not to take away the useful volume of the firebox, the ash pan becomes hinged. If necessary, a cooking surface is arranged on top of the horizontal part.
We make a burzhuju on working off
Diesel and used engine oil - very high-calorie fuel. If it gets to you inexpensively, then there is no point in contacting with wood and coal, it's easier to make a reliable furnace - a dropper. Its principle of operation is to burn the workings dripping into the incandescent bowl. And along the way liquid fuel has time to warm up, as it passes through the oil pipeline, built into the inside of the afterburner. The device of the drill-bit of the drop type is shown in detail in the drawing.
For effective combustion of oil, air is forced into the stove by means of a fan, and the drainage flows naturally from the tank suspended from the wall next to the heater. Another option - forced fuel supply by creating pressure in the fuel tank (for example, a hand pump).
As the body of the furnace can act as a pipe Ø219 mm, and a propane ballon with a diameter of 30 cm. Making an oil barrel with your own hands is a simple task, the main thing is to make holes and slots correctly in the afterburner and lay a fuel pipe to the bowl installed on the bottom. Complete Guide The assembly is presented in another article. You can get closer to the work of the heater from the video:
Conclusion
It is necessary to understand that the above constructions of wood and oil burners for a garage can be changed and refined by you in the process of operation. In that and charm self-made stoves - they are improved according to your desire. Example: garage craftsmen often make an external water circuit on the basis of a samovar heat exchanger built into the vertical section of the chimney. This makes it possible to use water heating without interfering with the design and alteration of the furnace itself.
It's not enough in which film about the war you will not see a burzhuik with flaming firewood, near which soldiers crowded and discuss something.
A simple form in the form of a barrel, led outward to the window leaf, a knee and a couple of logs could quickly and effectively heat even a large room. Why this design was called a burzhuyka, remains in history, but today it is also well-deservedly popular. Below you and I will figure out how to quickly make a burger with our own hands, show the most effective models, as well as see photos and videos of the most successful models of furnaces.
The advantages and disadvantages of using burzhuek
By analogy with any other heating devices, burzhujki also differ in certain pluses and minuses in work.
From the positive properties, we can note the following:
- use of an unlimited range of solid fuels - firewood, sawdust, coal, chips, briquettes, pellets, peat, etc. In some cases even recycled engine oil is used as a fuel;
- the possibility of making a burzhuyki own hands (see the drawings below), practically from improvised materials;
- the compact size of the oven, which allows you to place even in a small room;
- there is no need to install a chimney, a foundation and a platform.
Negative characteristics include:
- necessity of protection from burning out of combustion objects - coals, sparks, etc .;
- strong and rapid heating of the furnace walls, which increases the risk of injury to others;
- a large fuel consumption - it is rational to use such an oven only for short-term heating.
Varieties of furnace designs
Structurally the burzhuyka is a rectangular or oval tank equipped with a furnace with a door, an ash pan and a knee for the extraction of smoke (analogous to a chimney).
The preferred material is stainless steel or cast iron. Pig-iron accepts any kind of fuel, but at the same time it differs in brittleness - it is forbidden to cool the housing of the turbocharger.
On an industrial scale, burgers differ in the following categories:
- oven with hob;
- pyrolysis;
- equipped with a heat-shrinkable casing.
The main feature of the burzhuyka is that in most cases it is made by handicraft method, using for this purpose metal boxes, cans and other suitable containers. Next, we will tell and show how to make burzhujki own hands - drawings, photos, video
Among themselves, the furnaces differ in the following categories:
- material of manufacture - cast iron, steel, brick;
- functionality - with a cooking surface, caloriferous and gas generators;
- type of fuel - solid and liquid.
Classic oven
The sheet metal furnace is a traditional option, which fully reveals the characteristics of the turbocharger.
Manufacturing process
Necessary materials:
- metal sheet 4 mm;
- fittings with a diameter of 10-15 mm for the grate;
- corners;
- pipe (diameter according to the scheme);
- bulgarian;
- welding.
Video 1 Example of making a beautiful burzhuyki own hands
Cut out the bulgarian from the metal sheet all the details of the body according to the drawing
On the back and side wall by welding, weld the corners, which then you will put the grate and one more sheet (in the drawing), which will have to hold the bricks.
Increase the burn time of firewood will help properly made grate. If it is not a solid steel sheet, but a grating of reinforcement (up to 15 cm in diameter), the smoldering fuel itself will suck in the necessary air, at the cost of burn-out it will be more complete and long-lasting.
Next, cut out 2 doors (for firebox and ash pan) and put them on the hinges. At the top, cut out a hole for the pipe, to which you weld a sleeve with a height of 200 mm. After that, weld to the sleeve or put on a pipe, the bending angle of which is 450.
The technology of the most efficient burzhuyki was cited by V.Loginov. As a material, a metal sheet is used, the bars are fittings, for connecting parts - hot welding, for cutting - pneumatics or Bulgarian.
Photo 4 The most effective burzhuyka, the design of the designer V. Loginova
To increase the heat transfer it is necessary to provide a certain coefficient of resistance of the chimney.
How to determine the diameter of a chimney
Calculate the volume of the combustion chamber (liter) in relation to the diameter of the pipe (mm) in the ratio 1: 2.7. For example, if the volume of the furnace makes up for the furnace gas, resistance must be created. From heat engineering calculations, the volume of the combustion chamber in liters should be 2.7 times smaller in numerical terms than the diameter of the pipe in millimeters. For example, if the volume of the furnace is 70 liters, then the pipe diameter will be 182 mm.
Burzhuyka from the milk can
The second most popular after the metal sheet material for the production of burzhuyki appears milk can. This is easy to explain, since the airtight body is almost ready, and everything else can be done with your own hands literally within a couple of hours.
Manufacturing process
- You punched with a chisel or cut out a sickle-shaped crack under the neck. This is the future of the puddle
- At the bottom of the canister, cut out a hole for the branch pipe, where the sleeve will be inserted and a chimney will be put on.
- The grate in such a burzhuyke better done serpentine or set of reinforcement, but it must be carefully inserted into the can, so you do not need to cut additional holes.
- Dimensions of the burzhuyki from the cans - in the drawing. Already the finished construction should be put on the legs or make a base of brick.
The longer the chimney, the less heat loss.
Bourzuyka from the gas cylinder
An excellent material is a gas cylinder, which also fully ensures the integrity of the structure and its safe use.
Materials and tools:
- spent gas cylinder;
- metal sheet 4 mm;
- pipe (diameter see above);
- fittings for grate set;
- corners;
- furnace door;
- bulgarian
- welding.
- To begin with, knock down the upper rim with a tap and cut out on the bottom of the balloon a sickle-shaped hole under the scoop
- To the bottom of the cylinder you weld a pipe where the sleeve will be inserted and a chimney is put on.
- The grate in such a burzhuyke better to do set of reinforcement, in this case there will be a natural air lift and the fuel will burn almost completely.
- Dimensions of the turbo of the cylinder - in the photo. Already the finished construction should be put on the legs or make a base of brick.
Video 2 Example of manufacturing a gasoline tank from a gas cylinder at home
Burzhuyka experienced a variety of times and proved that it is the most reliable and simple way heating of small rooms. Despite the relative simplicity of the design, it is necessary to observe certain proportions during its manufacture in order to increase the burn-out time of the bookmark and, accordingly, the efficiency of the furnace.
Photos of the most effective bourgeois according to the readers' version
Photo 11 Furnace of the type "Bubafon"
Photo 12 The breeze that works
Furnace-burzhuyka has a very simple design, but at the same time a sufficiently high efficiency of heating small rooms. Appearing at the beginning of the 20th century, it still does not lose its relevance in those places where there is no possibility or necessity to equip a complex heating system. The breeze is ideal for heating small country cottages, garages, temporary utility rooms, lodges, fishing or hunting camps or tourist camps.
- Burner on wood - features / Drawings
- Bourzuyka from a gas cylinder / Drawings
- Burzhuyka from a barrel / Drawings
- Burzhuyka made of bricks - oven "for ages" / Drawings
- Burzhuyka on sawdust / Drawings
Burzhuyki come in a variety of species. Depending on the metal of manufacture, cast iron and steel furnaces are distinguished. If one of the functions of the cooking food , it is advisable to make an oven with a cooking surface. The furnace-heater is equipped with an additional casing around the housing, which contributes to increased heat transfer. There are also gas-generator furnaces - steel structures, consisting of two chambers: gasification and afterburning. Such a stove can be equipped with a regulator, which saves fuel. In addition, homemade burzhujki distinguish and on a material from which their basis is made. Finally, distinguish between the fuel cell and the fuel, which is used for heating. Such furnaces can be heated with wood, sawdust, peat or charcoal.
Burzhuyka on firewood - features, advantages, disadvantages, drawings
The most popular fuel for a stove-burzhujki certainly are usual fire wood. Typically, these stoves are made of metal or bricks, and, the larger the stove, the more it will give off heat. The shape of such a burzhuyki cylindrical or rectangular. The only thing that must necessarily meet certain conditions is the diameter of the chimney. It varies in the range of 80-150 mm.
For additional furnace safety can be equipped with protective screens, standing at a distance of 4-6 cm from the walls of the burzhuyki.
Any burzhuya, using as fuel wood, must have a furnace, as well as an ash-pit, which, in addition, is intended for collecting ash. Stoves of this kind should be equipped with a grate, on which firewood is laid, and in addition, it serves to separate the ash from the burning fuel. The furnace and the ash pan should be covered with a door in order to avoid smoke from the room and accidental sparks from the combustion chamber.
It must be remembered that it's useless to drive a firebox under the string with firewood; in this case there will be no room for a convective vortex, since oxygen will not enter the fuel mass.
For the manufacture of the furnace, old gas cylinders can be used, steel barrels if the thickness of their walls is not less than 3 mm., Iron solid-wall pipes of wide diameter. In addition, the burzhuyku can be laid out of bricks.
Blueprints:
It is necessary to remember about fire safety, placing the furnace at a maximum distance from combustible materials, avoid contact of the heated surface with wood. It is recommended to place a metal sheet in the place of installation of the stove, or put it on a concrete surface.
It is necessary to monitor the tightness of joints, in order to avoid the exit of smoke into the room. In addition, such a defect can worsen the cravings and adversely affect the fire safety It makes sense to consider in more detail the most popular designs of furnace-burzhuek.
Bourzhuyka from a gas cylinder own hands
This type of stove is perfect for heating infrequently used utility rooms, cabins or garages. The furnace will heat up very quickly, giving the necessary heat, but also quickly and cool down.
A burger of this kind is a hull made of an old gas cylinder equipped with a door, a chimney and an ashtray. Often, an air blow (ie a slot through which air enters the combustion chamber) is integrated with the ash pan. Chimney for such a furnace is better to do a broken shape, because if it is direct, then most of the heat will go away very quickly. Fuel can serve as any combustible material: wood, coal, waste carpentry. This is the simplest version of the burzhuyki, so for cooking such a stove is unlikely to fit.
Before starting work on the conversion of a gas cylinder into a gas turbine, it is necessary to completely remove all gas from it, in order to avoid an explosion from sparks when using a Bulgarian. It is also necessary to drain all the condensate. Then, the balloon is installed vertically and up to the top is filled with water, which finally displaces all the gas residues from the tank. After draining the water, the can is completely ready for pruning.
You can make both horizontal and vertical version of such a burzhuyki. In any case, first of all it is necessary for the Bulgarian to cut off the upper part of the balloon. If the furnace is in the horizontal plane, then it is necessary to map out and cut a circle on the outer diameter of the outer cylinder on a separate sheet of metal. In the same circle, two rectangular holes are cut out. Through one of them, fuel will be delivered, and the other will be used as an ash pit. Inside, the reinforcing bar is welded. It is also called a grate. It is necessary to hold the upper solid fuel layer, and through its slots the ash falls.
Blueprints:
The curtains are welded to the finished cover and doors are fastened, the received design is fixed to the opening in the upper part of the cylinder. Then you need to cut through the hole for the chimney and weld a thick-walled pipe to it.
Burzhuyka from the barrel: Drawings, Photo
Another inexpensive and fast in the manufacture of burzhuyka - a furnace with a base of steel barrel. This option is even simpler than a furnace from a gas cylinder, because do not need to carry out a complex preparatory activities (bleeding gas residues, draining condensate, etc.).
Blueprints:
So, to start work, you need a 200-liter barrel with a wall thickness of at least 3 mm. In her, the Bulgarian cuts are made in order to extract pieces of metal that will later be used as doors for the fuel supply holes and the blower. The distance between the openings should not be less than 10 cm. Hinges are welded to these notches and doors are hung on them. It is recommended to provide the doors with locking devices - this will help to avoid smoke from the premises and provide fire safety. You can cut the opening for one door, but in this case it should be large enough and at the bottom it is necessary to drill holes for good air access. Further inside the grate is mounted from the armature at a distance of not less than 20 cm from the bottom of the future stove. The top part of the barrel is brewed steel sheet, in which a chimney hole is cut with a diameter of 10-15 cm. This construction is convenient because the upper part of the furnace turns into a kind of cooking surface on which a pan, frying pan or kettle can easily be placed.
To such a furnace, it is recommended to weld the legs, so that its bottom does not come in contact with the floor surface, especially if such contact can be fire hazardous. As an option - put the oven on bricks, or a concrete surface.
The disadvantage of this type of burzhuyki can be attributed to its fragility, as the walls of the barrel are rather thin and with intensive use of the stove can quickly wear out.
Burzhuyka of brick - oven "for ages" with their own hands
The main advantages of this type of turbojet are good heat accumulation, high heat emission, high fire safety. In addition, it is safer for a person in terms of the likelihood of getting a burn on contact. Burzhuyk of brick can be folded with a special cast iron hob, and without it.
If such a stove, will be located on a concrete screed or at least on thick massive boards, then under it the foundation can not be poured. In case the floor is made of thin boards, then this element of construction can not be avoided.
Blueprints:
In this case, it is necessary to dismantle a part of the floor and dig a small pit with a depth of about 30 cm. The bottom of the excavation is filled with sand, the middle fraction is placed on top of which the reinforcement mesh is mounted. Mounted wooden formwork, which is filled with a concrete mixture with an admixture of crushed stone. The surface is leveled and left to dry for at least a week.
Before laying bricks on concrete it is necessary to put a sheet of roofing material and sprinkle sand on top. The first row of bricks is best laid out dry: so will be the opportunity to level it by level. With sand, the bottom row is not fastened, the mortar is laid out only on the end part of the brick. On the second row, the ash door must be secured. It is put on a layer of thick clay mortar and through special ears fixed with wire. It is necessary to form an air chamber behind the door. On the third row is mounted a grate. On the fourth there is a formation of a firebox and a chimney channel. Over the fourth row, the combustion chamber door is installed. This happens also, as in the case of the ash door.
The cooking plate should be laid on the 9-10th row, then the chimney begins to form. The stacking of the chimney goes to 2-3 rows, then it is docked metal pipe and is output to the outside. It is necessary to take care of heat-resistant insulation in places where the pipe will pass through combustible materials.
A ready-made oven must be dried, it's not worth it to finish it immediately, you need to let it work at least a season. After that, it can be covered with decorative ceramic tiles or simply plaster and paint.
It is worth noting that such furnaces are not mobile, it is extremely difficult to transfer them to another place, therefore it is not recommended to put such a burzhuyu in the time. This design is suitable for garden houses or long-term utility rooms.
Burzhuyka on sawdust: Features, Drawings
This type is more economical, compared to stoves fueled by wood or coal. In addition, the stove during operation does not require constant supervision and after loading sawdust and ignition of the burger, it is not necessary to add fuel for a long time. Ideal for heating greenhouses, workshops or all kinds of huts.
The furnace consists of two metal cylinders. One of them, smaller diameter, is inserted into the other - it will serve as a fuel chamber. In the bottom of the smaller cylinder, an orifice of about 50 mm is sawed out with a flange of about 10 mm. The smoke outlet pipe is located at the bottom of the outer shell. The ash box is welded from 3 mm of steel, it must be provided with a door.
Before starting the operation, a cone-shaped wooden core 50-60 cm in height is inserted into the hole of the fuel chamber. The sawdust is poured around it and carefully packed. This is a very important point, as the sawdust should not burn intensively, otherwise the fuel will end very quickly, and the heat given off can be superfluous and short-lived. Scrolling, the core is removed, and the fuel compartment is installed in the furnace.
Blueprints:
The fire is produced in the ash box. For this purpose, you can use chips, shavings or birch bark. Through the crack there will be a gradual ignition of sawdust and when the fire reaches the top layer, it is necessary to cover the oven with a lid. Next, the process of smoldering sawdust begins, and the oven will work independently, heating the room evenly and gradually. When the intensity of burning increases, the lid can serve as a hob, on it you can put a pot or kettle.
In general, it will not be an exaggeration to say that in certain circumstances a stove-burger can be absolutely indispensable. It can be heated almost any combustible solid fuel or simply sawdust. In a burger, regardless of the type, a fairly simple design and, with the right tools and materials, almost anyone can handle the stove. In addition, it does not take much time, and the furnace itself is a very economical, simple and reliable way of quickly heating the premises.