Organizing heating by one's own hands is a difficult task, but feasible. This will require minimal knowledge of plumbing, as well as the skills of a welder and builder. After all, for the laying of pipes it is necessary to make holes in the walls, and to weld the pipes themselves. In the rest, the main thing is to organize the process correctly!
Choosing a boiler for a heating system
The heating scheme does not depend on the type of boiler chosen, but it is a key element of the heating system in a private house. On the right choice will depend on the cost of heating, maintenance of the boiler and the time for its refueling.
Gas, solid fuel or electric?
Boiler type depends on availability different types of fuel. So, the installation of a gas boiler is possible only if there is a gas main and connecting it to the house. This will require additional costs and obtaining permits, and the connection of the boiler to the heating system can only be performed by a specialist. Such a boiler requires a ventilation system and a chimney.
Solid fuel boilers guarantee complete autonomy from external factors. But at the same time it will be necessary to organize a place for storing fuel, and loading the boiler takes a lot of time. In fact even boilers of long burning should be loaded once in 3 days. Chimney and ventilation are also needed.
The most inexpensive and easy to use - electric. But bills for electricity can scare even very lazy owners. Such a boiler is suitable for a mild climate, small house and, preferably, with solar panels and a windmill.
Single-circuit and dual-circuit?
Two-circuit boilers perform two functions at once: heat the room and heat the water. This is much more economical and does not require the installation of additional equipment. But in the summer, their use is unprofitable, the only way out is the gas two-circuit boilers. They have the option of switching off the heating circuit and working only in the DHW mode.
FROM solid fuel boilers you can exit the situation by closing the heating circuit with the help of a crane. So the heat will be spent only on heating water, which at times reduces fuel consumption. The only inconvenience is the need to load the boiler even in the summer.
When using a single-circuit boiler, it is necessary to additionally install a boiler or a column, but in some cases this scheme will be more profitable. For example, having installed also a boiler of indirect heating, in winter, water heating will still be carried out by the boiler, saving electricity.
This difficult choice - batteries or a warm floor
Another dilemma facing the owners of a private home is the choice of the heating method. After all, both batteries and warm floors have their advantages. For example, the installation of radiators is much easier to install a warm floor, but the efficiency of the latter is much better.
Cast iron, steel or aluminum radiators?
Given the low pressure in the heating system of a private house, the choice of radiators is not limited to anything. Cast iron is durable, unpretentious to the quality of the coolant and pressure drops. But cast-iron batteries It is impossible to use in systems with thermoregulation, after all they slowly heat up and as slowly cool down.
Aluminum radiators can be considered universal. The low price, quick heating and the possibility of connecting the thermostat make them very popular. But with increased alkalinity of water, there is a great chance of corrosion and leakage between the sections.
The only drawback of steel batteries is the instability to hydraulic shock, which does not happen in the private house system. At the same time, low price, corrosion resistance and rapid heat transfer make them ideal for autonomous heating.
Advantages and disadvantages of the water-heated floor
The complexity of laying a water-heated floor makes it practically inaccessible to the organization with your own hands. But as a separate element of heating it is very convenient and relatively simple to perform. For example, in the bathroom, heated floor will be very useful.
For this solution only collector wiring is suitable - the most technological one, but also the most difficult to implement with your own hands. At the same time, warm floors can be contraindicated for health reasons, for example, with varicose veins. But for families with young children heated floors - an ideal solution.
Heating schemes - single-tube, two-pipe and manifold
Scheme of single-pipe heating system - economically, but uncomfortable
Single-pipe heating system allows you to make the most efficient use of the heating pipe - after all around the perimeter there is only hot water. This option is suitable for small one-bedroom villas, because each next radiator will be colder than the previous one.
In addition, you will have to install a pump that provides forced circulation of the coolant. And this makes the house dependent on electricity, even if the boiler is running on solid fuel.
Two-pipe scheme - ease of installation and ease of use
If there is a purpose to make the house completely autonomous, you can arrange heating with natural circulation. But for this you will have to lay pipes with a slope of at least 0.05%, so that air bubbles enter the open expansion tank, and the coolant itself circulates better.
On the riser hot water rises to the desired height independently, and on the floor the slope of the pipes should always be down from the riser - so the heated coolant will get into the radiators, and from them already cooled - into the boiler. For two-story building The natural circulation is not always suitable, since the lower floors will always be colder than the upper ones.
The scheme of forced circulation of a two-pipe system is much simpler. To organize heating yourself, this is the best option, because the pipes can be laid from the bottom along the wall and hidden in decorative panels. This does not require strobing the walls or pouring the floor over the pipes.
Collector scheme - in step with progress
In this case, a collector is installed between the heaters and the boiler. With it, you can optimally distribute the coolant in each room, depending on your needs. But such a heating scheme is much more difficult and it is possible to implement it only with the experience.
Another of its disadvantages is the high cost due to the large amount of consumable material. Pipes, collector cabinets, pumps and filters are mandatory elements of the collector heating circuit. But this allows you to combine different heating appliances and very accurately adjust the temperature in the premises.
Installation of heating by one's own hands
After selecting the heating scheme, counting the number of materials and purchasing heating equipment, it is installed. The correct sequence should be observed:
Boiler installation;
connection of the pump and other measuring instruments near the boiler;
installation of a collector;
distribution of pipes;
the device of warm floors
installation of radiators;
connect all heating devices and start the system.
The boiler must be installed in a separate room with ventilation. Exception - electric boilers that can be installed in residential areas and gas boilers with a closed combustion chamber.
Wall models are attached to a special lath on the wall. Directly on the wall they are not allowed to be mounted. Floor models are also installed on the stand - in the photo the solid fuel boiler is on a brick stand. The distances from the walls and other objects specified in the passport must be observed, and the room itself is equipped in accordance with the norms of fire safety.
The circulation pump is connected after installation of the boiler. If the selected model is equipped with an expansion tank and a safety group, you do not need to install them separately. Also at this stage, boilers and backup boilers are installed, if they are provided by the scheme.
Pipe Laying and Underfloor Heating
If a collector circuit is selected, collector cabinets are installed, and after that the heating pipes are laid and laid. The installation of pipes along the walls makes it possible to simplify the organization of heating the house with your own hands. But in this case, the consumption of materials increases.
The device of floors with heating is carried out by two methods - concreting or laying method. In the first case, it takes up to 4 weeks to dry the concrete screed, but the floor will warm up much faster.
Use special plastic or wooden modules is much easier, but they are more expensive and the floors are warming up more slowly. But in case of malfunctions, it is much easier to disassemble such floors.
Batteries are installed under each window opening, and the number of sections is calculated depending on the size of the room. Mounted radiators on the brackets, which are set on the level. It is important to observe the distance - from the floor and the window sill not less than 6-10 cm, from the wall about 5 cm.
Connection to the heating pipes is done after installing the battery on the brackets. The connection is made using adapters, so it is not necessary to adjust the wiring to the location of the holes. In addition, the connectors to the radiators should have a slope of 0.5 cm in the direction of circulation per meter of pipe. Otherwise, the accumulating air in the battery will have to be blown out by hand.
Outcomes
The simplest version is a two-pipe heating system with forced circulation and installed radiators. But still those who have never encountered the installation of a heating system and do not have any building skills, it is better to turn to specialists.
Do not forget to control the performers! All you need to know the beginning "builder" for the correct organization of the heating system, is described in the video:
The independence of the private sector from central heating provides the opportunity to install the most comfortable heating systems of housing, selected by the installation method and performance characteristics. However, often owners of houses wish to save on works, wondering how to make heating themselves.
Heating project
In this case, the scope for activities is much broader. In each room, you can mount the most acceptable option, which will be both economical and have a high efficiency.
How does heating work?
Even with the appearance of a large number of different ways of heating, when choosing how to make heating in the house, property owners prefer gas tested installations. They use water as a coolant, and its heating is carried out by a closed-type gas burner.
Since it is better to make heating in a private house yourself, you must first know its device. The system can use different types of boilers, installed both in parallel mode, duplicating each other if necessary, or working independently of each other.
Circulation of the coolant is carried out along the main pipes. A circulating pump is responsible for the process, which can be installed both in the heat generator housing and installed separately on the pipe.
VIDEO: Heating a private house with your own hands
Standard heating set
In most cases, the basic set of heating in a cottage or a house consists of such positions:
Basic heater
The complex, which includes several units responsible for the autonomy, adjustment and tuning of the entire system. It is not only a stove or a boiler, but also a circulation pump, which ensures the movement of the coolant through the pipes and other obligatory elements of the chain. It can have manual control, due to which the most comfortable mode of operation is selected. More practical is the automatic control when a certain temperature is set and the system itself monitors when the heating is switched on / off.
Piping layout
A system of pipes (pipes), along which the heat carrier is heated to the desired temperature. All wiring is installed according to the pre-established scheme. It can be external, leaving pipes in sight, as well as hidden when trunks are mounted on walls or floors.
It is divided into one- and two-tube.
Single-tube - Primitive system, in which the coolant moves only in one direction, consecutively feeding the radiators with heat. Plus - simplicity of layout and budgetary assembly. The minus is really warm only in the first room, whereas in the last coolant comes already practically cooled, accordingly, in the most distant room it will always be cold.
Two-tube - more difficult to organize, but at the same time the most optimal option for heating. The main difference from a single-tube system is not that two parallel pipes run - with a hot coolant and a cold one, but with the fact that a separate pipe is fed to each radiator, through which hot water is transmitted. With such a system, it will be equally comfortable in both the first and the last rooms.
Two-tube
Heating batteries / radiators or convectors
These heat-emitting devices, through which heat is transferred from the coolant to the room. The batteries / radiators work exclusively due to the heat sink surface, while the convectors additionally pump up the air flows
Thermoregulator
Recently, they are often installed in the heating system. Their design includes a thermostatic head and a valve. When the temperature is lowered to the critical value, the opening diameter is opened. This is an indispensable element of any boiler, which allows you to coordinate the temperature inside the room by adjusting the valve.
Before correctly making heating in a private house, you will need to assemble a complete set of all the elements.
During the operation of batteries with coolant in the form of water, the humidity of the air decreases by 18-25%. To compensate for this significant reduction, humidifiers must be installed. Especially this requirement concerns families with small children, in which the dried air provokes problems with the nasopharynx and respiratory organs.
Application of circulation
Heating in a private house can be done in such a way that the liquid circulates through natural physical processes. Warm streams, passing through the heating circuit, return to the boiler from below, and, being heated, they will again go up and continue down the system again to the boiler. Thus, there is no need to connect electricity and install an additional pump.
However, if you make such heating in a private house, the velocity of the coolant will be small, which will affect the slow spread of heat. How in a private house to make heating with good circulation? For this purpose, a pump is placed in the system.
Forced water supply will ensure greater efficiency of the system. The capacity of the device can vary depending on the length of the circuit and the amount of coolant in the system. Most modern heating systems have a forced supply of coolant to the radiators.
As for the energy dependence of the whole system, an excellent solution will, working on both the mains and the battery. At a time when there is electricity, the device is charged, when disconnected - starts to work from the battery. Its power is enough for 24 hours. Moreover, a non-standard configuration scheme, where there are no seals and flaps, and the non-contact magnetic drive is responsible for the motor's operation, allows to be switched on even with a small voltage in the network. Which is especially important for country houses.
Selection of boilers
A wide range of fuel boilers allows choosing a suitable heat generator. For those who want to use more and hot water supply, it will be important to purchase dual-circuit devices working for both heating and hot water.
Those who are looking for how to properly make heating in the house, and has settled on choosing a boiler, it is worth considering several suitable options:
Gas fired boilers
Are widely used, relatively affordable and the ability to pick up the device with almost any convenient characteristics. The downside is the high cost of permits and the duration of the reconciliation. The equipment is as autonomous as possible, does not require any interference in its work. It is enough to carry out service maintenance once a year.
The cheapest option. Their base is made of steel or cast iron. The downside is a weak autonomy, large dimensions and the need for a warehouse for fuel.
An excellent alternative are pellet boilers, where pellets are used as fuel - pressed waste from the woodworking industry, characterized by high efficiency. Specialists recommend buying fuel in the summer, when prices are reduced by 30-50%, so as to minimize heating costs. On average, the heating season will cost 9-10 thousand rubles for a house with an area of 120 sq.m.
Work on liquid fuel
As a rule, diesel fuel or fuel oil is used. They are distinguished by the presence in the air of a characteristic odor of exhaust gases. They need fuel tanks, but they are an excellent alternative to gas equipment where there is no natural gas pipeline. Can be used as a parallel system. It is not recommended for use in residential buildings, exclusively in utility rooms with mandatory access to fresh air.
Electrical Modules
The most clean and noiseless. Easy to install, but consume a lot of electricity to heat the coolant. Effectively used as a parallel system in the presence of a counter with different tariffs day and night. Electric boilers in country houses basically choose the combined type that gives the chance to be switched to an alternative kind of fuel. For example, for those regions where the gas main has not yet been installed, but technical documentation has already been compiled, the gas / electricity combo boiler will work. Where there is not yet and is not planned gas heating - electricity / wood, etc.
Piping equipment
On how to properly choose and conduct a pipeline in the heating of a private house, it depends on whether there will be leaks, and depressurization lowers the pressure in the system. The heat carrier must circulate in a closed loop.
There are two groups of pipes:
- on a plastic base, made of polyvinyl chloride or polypropylene;
- metal steel pipes.
In the first case, they are resistant to abrasion, they can withstand temperatures of up to 95 ° C. In the second case they have mechanical strength, are able to withstand temperatures much higher than 100 ° C, but undergo corrosion processes.
Accumulators of heat
Heat radiators are used to transfer heat to the room. They should be chosen not by aesthetic appearance, but by maximum efficiency:
- panel - rectangles from welded sheets can differ in height and width;
- sectional - individual sections are connected together by threaded couplers;
- tubular - withstand high pressure;
- lamellar - they use a thin-walled material up to 1 mm in thickness.
The most effective are bimetallic sectional models having a long and effective service life.
VIDEO: How is heating private house. Types and methods.
The task of creating a home heating with our own hands - albeit difficult, but quite solvable. The reasons for choosing such an option for the arrangement of heating can be many, ranging from the high cost of performing work by outside organizations and ending with the habit of doing everything yourself. But irrespective of the motives that made it necessary to stop on this option, for successful creation of heating it is necessary to know how it works.
About heating the house as a whole
The water heating of any private house consists, at a minimum, of the following elements:
- heating boiler;
- expansion tank;
- radiators of heating;
- pipelines;
- regulating valves.
And here the first feature is manifested - the circulating pump is not mentioned among the equipment. The matter is that for some variants of creation of heating of the house, with the hands it will be executed or not, the pump is not required. But in this case, there are other requirements that will be affected a little later.
Components of water heating
Therefore, when determining the future system of water heating, it is necessary to start the work from the main moments - to decide what kind of heating circuit will be, and choose the capacity of the heating boiler.
Which boiler should I use?
This is a rather complex task, in solving which it is necessary to take into account many different aspects.
1. Selection of the type of fuel. It is necessary to focus on affordable and cheap energy carriers, the best is considered to be the main gas. In its absence, use other types of fuel:
- solid (coal, wood, peat, pellets, etc.);
- liquid (diesel oil);
- electrical or any other energy. Fuel should be chosen the cheapest and affordable, given that these costs will determine in the future your expenses for heating the house.
2. How will the boiler be used - only as an element of the heating system or else as a source of hot water. Depending on the purpose, you can choose a dual-circuit or single-circuit boiler.
3. What area needs to be heated, creating home heating on its own, and the characteristics of the heated premises. With such a calculation, almost everything must be taken into account:
- geographical location of the house;
- number of floors;
- the material from which the house is made, the thickness of the walls, the use of a heater for its construction, etc .;
- the periodicity of the operation of the boiler, the possibility of its operation in an automatic mode;
- location, dimensions, possibility and need for routine maintenance and maintenance;
- presence or possibility of creation of necessary ventilation for removal of products of combustion.
These questions represent only a small part of those that you must answer before you create a home heating system with your own hands.
On the choice of the scheme of heating
Heating can be performed in a variety of schemes. In this case, for each specific case, you can use your own, the most suitable option. Choosing it, you need to take into account the features inherent in various heating systems.
1. They come with natural (gravitational) and forced circulation. A feature of gravity circulation is the possibility of heating the house without using additional equipment, such as a circulating pump, and the possibility of operating the elements of the system at atmospheric pressure.
Such an approach allows us to ensure a reduction in costs when creating heating, however, for this we need to meet a number of additional requirements:
- the heating boiler should be located below the radiators, and the expansion tank above;
- pipelines should have a slope that creates the flow of coolant in the direction of the radiators during the movement of hot water, and towards the boiler at the return;
- the piping must be secured to prevent the formation of a countercurrent;
- pipes for hot water supply should be of a larger cross section than for return flow.
The heating system with forced circulation is the most universal, and when you create it, you do not need to fulfill such a large number of requirements.
2. The heating can be installed in a single-tube and two-pipe mode. The features of these heating schemes are shown in the photo
With a single-pipe system, water flows through the radiators one by one and then returns to the heating boiler, and in the case of a two-pipe system, each water comes separately from the pipeline and then returns there.
Traditionally, it is considered that the two-pipe heating scheme is the most effective, but the one-pipe system has its advantages, among which it must be acknowledged that this is the simplest and most affordable option for heating homes, and the cheapest.
As for the shortcomings inherent in the single-tube scheme, the most popular form of it, called "Leningrad", thanks to the efforts of numerous heat engineers, has largely been spared them.
If you look at the homemade heating created in the house from this point of view - the simplicity and acceptable price of the whole system, then "Leningrad" can probably be considered one of the most suitable options.
More details about the subtleties and features of this system can be found through video
How to connect a radiator
An important factor that ensures the normal operation of the heating system is the radiators used. There are many varieties of such products, they are made of different shapes and from different materials, achieving maximum heat transfer from them, but the main role in the heating of the room is played by other factors:
1. Number of radiator sections. The established practice recommends using one section for heating three square meters. The temperature of the coolant should be seventy degrees.
However, the number of sections can not be unlimited, do not forget that each element in the system creates resistance to the passage of water, and if it is too large, the heating simply will not work.
2. How the radiator is connected to the heating system. The figure below will allow you to estimate how much different heating efficiency is due to different ways of connecting the batteries:
3. Where and how to install the radiator.
These data should make the task of determining the location of the radiator more carefully. And if usually the battery is placed under the window aperture (centered), and this is quite correct solution, then the installation of any decorative screens or other objects of decor (curtains, curtains) impairs the heat transfer and efficiency of heating.
Although the creation of heating a private house must be considered a rather difficult task, nevertheless, it can be solved on its own.
The existing variety of options for the implementation of the heating system enables anyone to choose the best suitable for their own strengths, skills and means.
In our country without heating it is unlikely to survive - too severe winters. If the owners of apartments do not have to choose - that is, and they are warmed, the heating system of a private house is a personal matter of its owner. Choose the option that suits you best.
Types of heating systems
In a private house it is possible to realize practically any heating system and also their combinations. To properly choose the type of heating, you need to know all their features, advantages and disadvantages.
Stove heating
A century ago this was the way most of the houses were heated - large and not very much. It's just an oven without any extra elements. One or more - depended on the size of the house and the capabilities of the owners. In the huts there was usually a large Russian stove, in the houses of the intelligentsia and the nobility - more refined Dutchmen or Swedes.
There is stove heating now, but mostly already in the country, as a temporary solution for raising the temperature in the room or as an alternative source of heat. You can find stove heating in the village houses, but it is already a rarity.
Furnace heating is losing popularity, so it differs cyclically: flooded - hot, burned out - cold. It is very uncomfortable. The second serious minus is the inability to regulate the temperature. The intensity of burning can be changed in some extent with the help of views, but not crucially: if the wood is burning, then a certain amount of heat is released. Its allocation can be slightly stretched, limiting the flow of air, but only a little.
The third disadvantage is the uneven distribution of heat. The rooms in which the sides of the oven go out are heated, and even then the floor remains cold. In addition, even in heated rooms near the stove heat, at the far end of the room can be even cold. The fourth drawback - the need for ongoing maintenance - for a long time it will not be abandoned. It is necessary constantly (or almost) is near the furnace: to support combustion, to clean and flood it in a new way. All these reasons led to the fact that a stove in a private house usually appears as one of the possible sources of heat and is rarely the main one.
Water
The most common heating system in our country is water heating and if they say that they want to make private house heating by their own hands, in 98% they mean exactly such a system. And this despite the fact that it is expensive at the device. This is perhaps the most expensive system in the installation. But it has a decent number of pluses, which is the reason for its popularity.
It consists of a hot-water boiler, a pipeline and heating devices - radiators of heating - along which the coolant circulates. Most often it is water, but there may be a special non-freezing liquid. All the difficulty in creating this very system of pipelines - it is necessary to ensure the transfer of heat in the required amount.
Water heating - the most expensive in the device
The first positive moment - the system can work both in a cyclic and in a constant mode. It depends on the choice of the boiler. If the source of heat for such a system is a conventional solid fuel boiler (on wood or coal), then the cyclicity is present. In order to practically eliminate it, a heat accumulator is added to the system-a large reservoir with a heat carrier, in which heat accumulates during the period of intense heating. And at night, when the boiler is burned, the stored heat keeps the house at a comfortable temperature.
If the system is equipped with any other boiler - gas, liquid fuel, pellet - no cyclicity. After the system has reached the operating temperature, it is maintained with a rather small difference (with the correct calculation of capacity and design).
The second positive moment: most of the modern heating boilers are equipped with automation, which controls their work and monitors the safety. Such systems can operate for quite a long time without human intervention (except for solid fuel). The third plus - requires a rare service.
Because in most cases heating in a private house and doing water. Sometimes the owners do not even think about the possibility of the device of some other system.
Air
The center of the air heating system is also a source of heat, and usually it is a boiler, only it does not heat water, as in the water system, but the air. The source of heat can be a powerful convector, running on gas, electricity or liquid fuel.
To heat the heated air into other rooms, a duct system leads from the heat source. The movement of air along them can be natural (gravity systems) and forced (with fans).
In comparison with water heating, much less money is required. In small houses - for one two rooms (usually dachas) - generally one generator without ducts is sufficient. In this case, warm air through the open doors falls into another room, warming it.
Disadvantages here are obvious: while the heat generator is working - the heat, stopped - it immediately became cold. No thermal inertia, as in the water system (until the water cools down in the house warmly). The second point is the drying air. He and with other types of heating dries, but the air heating of a private house, perhaps, the leader in this regard.
Electrical
Heating a private home with electricity is one of the simplest in the device. Just buy a convector and hang them in key locations. You can under the windows, you can - under the ceiling. Both systems work. The disadvantage of these systems is the considerable costs of maintaining a stable temperature.
The system consists of a number of convectors that are able to compensate for heat losses. In this case, in general, no complications, except the wiring of a suitable cross-section and the allocation of the required capacity for heating. In the convector there is a heating element through which the flow of air moves. Passing along the heated element, the air warms up, spreading heat through the room.
The movement of air in the convector is organized in two ways: with or without a fan, due to natural processes. More efficient heating with forced air movement. But such power is not always necessary (and fans create noise), because many models have two modes of operation - with and without a fan.
This type of heating is quite comfortable - modern convectors can maintain the set temperature with an accuracy of two degrees. Their work is managed by automation, which turns them on and off as necessary. In the presence of power supply, they do not require any maintenance.
Disadvantage - active convection (air movement) carries a large amount of dust. The second disadvantage is air drying, but this is a shortage of all heating systems. If an ordinary spiral is used as the heating element, it burns out oxygen in the air (warms up to a red glow). But such elements are now only used in the cheapest low floor models. More serious equipment warms the air with ceramic heaters, which do not burn oxygen (almost).
There is still such a system as a warm floor, but this is a separate topic and is described, and electrical.
Which system to choose
The type of heating of a private house depends on the climate and the mode of use of premises. In most countries with mild winters, electric heating or air heating is used. In our country, most of the territories use water heating. Such a complex system makes sense to build in homes with permanent residence. Then such material investments are justified.
If you are choosing a heating system for a summer house, where in winter you will only appear on the road and do not plan to maintain a positive temperature, the best option - air heating. With ducts or without - it already depends on the size of the dacha. Why not electric? Because in winter, the supply of electricity in rural areas is extremely unstable. So it is better to type a stove type Bulerjan.
Types of water heating systems
Since the water heating of a private house is put in most cases, we will consider what types it is. There are quite significant differences.
By the way of circulation of the coolant
There are two types of water heating: with natural and forced circulation. Systems with natural circulation use the well-known physical phenomenon: warmer liquids rise, the colder ones fall down. Since the system is closed, a cycle is formed.
Advantages of such a system - it is non-volatile, that is, its work does not require electricity. This is important in many rural regions, where interruptions with electricity in winter are more of a norm than an exception.
Lows more:
- Pipes need to use a larger diameter - the speed of movement of the coolant is low, so a large volume of coolant is required to transfer sufficient heat. to stack them it is necessary with a constant rather big deviation (about 3%), which does not add aesthetics to the room.
- In the case of natural circulation, the pipes are located or about a meter in height, which does not paint the room. The second option is an overclock loop, which is also not very attractive. Better is the case with two-story houses. In them, the second floor is a kind of overclock loop.
- The boiler is also required to be non-volatile, and this is solid fuel on wood or coal. All the others require power supply.
- The middle of the radiators should be higher than the middle of the boiler (to ensure circulation). If the house does not have a basement floor, you have to either pick up radiators or make a depression for the boiler. Also not the funniest task.
- Inability to regulate the velocity of the coolant and the thermal regime in the room.
A circulating pump is integrated in the systems with forced circulation. It does not create excess pressure, it simply drives water through pipes at a given speed. Such a pump can be integrated in the boiler (gas heating units) or installed separately on the return pipeline before entering the boiler.
Circulation pump - the main difference between the heating system of a private house with forced circulation
Pros of this decision:
- Pipes are laid below - on the floor or under the floor.
- The speed of the heat carrier can be regulated (multi-speed pump), thereby regulating the temperature in the room.
- The diameter of the pipes is small. For a medium sized private house, this is usually 20 mm or so.
- The boiler can be put any, with any automation. Automation provides a higher level of comfort and the ability to accurately maintain the desired temperature.
The disadvantage is the need for electricity. And it's not that it takes a lot, quite the contrary, it consumes a system of 100-250 W / h as a regular light bulb. The fact is that without electricity it is inefficient. For rare cases of disconnection a power stabilizer with a battery is suitable, and if the power is still turned off frequently, a backup source-generator is needed.
By type of wiring
There are two types of systems:
- single-tube;
- two-tube.
Single-pipe systems
In single-tube from the boiler comes out a pipe, consistently runs around all the radiators of heating, and from the outlet of the latter gets to the entrance of the boiler. The main advantage is the minimum number of pipes. The disadvantages of such a device for heating a private home are more:
Better in this regard, an improved system - Leningradka. In it, each radiator has a bypass - a piece of pipe, connected in parallel to the heater. In this case, at the inlet and outlet of the radiators, you can put ball valves, with which you can turn off the radiators. The heat carrier in this case will move bypass.
Two-pipe wiring
In this system there are two pipes to which heat radiators are connected in parallel. One pipe is supplied with a hot coolant, the other is cooled off.
Cons - a large consumption of pipes, but the input of each radiator is given the same temperature, there is the possibility of installing a regulator on each of their heating devices, so that the system can be balanced (set the desired heat emission for each radiator).
There are several types of two-pipe heating systems:
By the method of coolant supply
There are systems with upper and lower flow of the coolant. All schemes above - with the bottom distribution. Systems with a top feed are rare. Basically, they are realized in two (and more) storey houses for a more economical construction of the system.
By system type: open and closed
Since the temperature of the coolant in the system varies, its volume also changes. To have a lot to do with surplus, install the expansion tanks in the system. These tanks are open (regular tank) and closed (membrane). Accordingly, the systems are called open and closed.
An open expansion tank is usually placed in the attic of a private house. Of course, it is cheap, but in such a system, the coolant gradually evaporates. Because of the amount of liquid you need to monitor or make an automatic device that will respond to a lowering of the level. Usually it is a float mechanism (as in a toilet bowl) that opens / closes the water supply. The system is simple and fairly reliable, but only water can circulate in it. It is impossible to fill with non-frosting, since the change in their concentration is not allowed (and this happens during evaporation). In addition, most of the antifreeze is toxic and their vapors are also not curative.
Where such tanks can be used, it is in systems with natural circulation - the membrane at such a small pressure simply will not work.
Expansion tank closed type is divided into two halves by an elastic membrane. With a lack of coolant, it displaces it from the reservoir, with excess (pressure increases), the coolant stretches the membrane, occupying a larger volume.
With diaphragm cistern
These systems work well with forced circulation, maintaining a stable pressure.
It is difficult to imagine a modern dwelling without a heating system. Various methods for creating such systems are known. The difference, usually, is the fuel used - gas, coal, pellets, firewood. Heating boilers are divided into gas, solid fuel, pellet and electric. For any artisan man to draw a diagram and assemble the heating system of his house, it is quite a solvable task. It is not a secret that most heating schemes are invented by ordinary people, practitioners, not burdened with scientific titles and regalia.
Benefit self-made The heating circuit consists in a significant reduction in financial costs. Of course, when choosing gas heating, you will have to pay for the development of the project and the work that have the admission of specialists, for the installation and initial start-up of the boiler. If the installation of a solid fuel boiler is expected, then all stages from the sketch and up to the start of the system can be carried out independently. Undoubtedly, the creation of a private house heating system is a complex engineering task.
Undoubtedly, experts with experience in design and installation will solve this problem faster and better. If a decision is made to involve them, then it is necessary to clearly determine the degree of their participation in the creation and installation of the system outline. Possible options:
Private houses are heated by heating systems. They used a convenient and universal way of delivering heat with a coolant. You can heat the coolant in various ways. Often owners use several water heating devices.
Any scheme of heating in a private house consists of the components:
If you want to create heating of a private house with your own hands, schemes are chosen based on the possibilities. There are a few options, there are only two:
Determine which scheme of a private home heating is optimal, it is difficult, especially for the layman, so be sure to consult a professional. Most specialists in heating circuits are convinced that the two-pipe scheme for heating a private house is optimal. There is a misconception about lower costs for a single-pipe system.
The opinion of many experts is the opposite - it is more expensive and it is more difficult to set up and adjust. The principle of its operation is a consistent movement of fluid through the radiators, hence, the temperature drops from the battery to the battery, therefore it is necessary to increase the power of the system. The main pipe is selected with a larger diameter. In addition, there is a very strong mutual influence of the heating devices on each other. This influence makes automatic control difficult.
Where is the single-pipe heating scheme used?
The heating of small houses with success provides the option of heating a Leningrad circuit, which has as many as four varieties. Among them are two types of single-tube / two-pipe open systems and two single-tube / two-pipe closed systems.
For a small house, the system for heating a private house with its own hands, the circuit is chosen to be single-tube, but with a number of batteries no more than 5, if there are more, then the last radiators get warmed up poorly. When starting the heating two-story house the "Leningrad" circuit also works successfully, but the number of batteries is not more than six.
One-pipe vertical heating systems work better.
The heated coolant of the same temperature is fed to all vertical risers, and the batteries of the upper and lower floors are connected in series.
Features of two-pipe circuit layout
The two-pipe system is represented by several varieties. They have a different connection scheme for heating batteries in a private house, and the vector of the coolant movement.
In small private houses, these types of two-pipe heating systems are used: 
- dead-end;
- passing;
- collector (beam).
Brief characteristics of two-pipe systems
Deadlock system - the entire pipeline network consists of two arms (branches) one by one is fed, and the other is returned by the coolant. Movement of water occurs in opposite directions.
The pass-through two-pipe system - the reverse arm serves as a continuation of the feeding arm (branch), ie the system is looped. This scheme of connection of heating in a private house is deservedly popular.
Collector - the most costly scheme for heating a private house due to the need to lay pipes to each battery, and their laying is done hidden.
Open "gravity" two-pipe system
Consider the entered heating in a private house with their own hands, the circuit selected is a two-pipe open and an open tank is installed at the top point of the contour. From the height of the tank rise depends the head, which determines the velocity of the fluid in the "gravity" system. The main advantage of the two-pipe system is that the water flows to the radiators with the same temperature, and a clear separation of the pipelines into the supply and return flow facilitates the automation of the control.
For successful operation of the "gravity" system during installation, a gradient of 3-5 mm / m is provided. Due to the gravity, any type of heating system can work, if the necessary conditions are created - the slope of the feeder lines for natural circulation. It should be taken into account - the "gravity" system is able to work only with an open expansion tank.
Closed two-pipe system
Mounted in a private house scheme is selected closed, and its appearance depends on the number of storeys of the building. If the house is single-storey, then two branches of the pipeline are laid - the supply and the "return", and already there are connected heating devices to them.
And to mount the heating of a two-story private house with their own hands, the wiring diagrams must contain the required number of branches of the liquid supply. One branch of the collector must supply the batteries of the upper floor, the second arm supplies the batteries of the lower floor. The water that has given its heat through the "return" is returned to the boiler. A closed system must have a circulation pump to create a head.
Warm floor - uniform and comfortable heating
Become popular schemes of private home heating systems - comfortable warm floors. The practical implementation of such a project consists in laying hundreds of meters of pipes, usually of polypropylene, for screeding, to assemble the heating circuit. The ends of the pipes go to the distributor manifold. The liquid in the mains of warm floors is moved by a separate one.
Installation of heating system
It is positively to solve the problem - how to make heating in a private house the scheme is given above, it is possible, if you follow certain rules and the sequence of works. Installation work start with the installation and subsequent binding of the boiler. Gas fired boilers with a capacity of up to 60 kW, are installed in the kitchen. All the rules for installing boilers are detailed in the instructions to them.
The piping of the boiler is the process of connecting the necessary equipment.
Mount the heating circuit from gas-supply (metal) pipes in two ways - by welding and using threaded connections. Of course, with the welding method, you can quickly create a system, but it will not be folded. By connecting the pipes of the system with threaded connections it is possible at any time to easily change the configuration or replace any segment of the line. Particular attention, with any methods of installation, requires a diagram of connecting radiators in a private house, and it must be pre-drawn and calculated.
Two-circuit heating system
DHW (hot water supply) creates a two-circuit heating system for a private house. The wiring diagram is drawn before the installation begins, and then it is installed up to the selected point of hot water supply. Gas consumption, when using a two-circuit system is slightly increased. With intensive selection of hot water, the flow rate is higher by 25%.
Features of the use of polypropylene pipes
The implementation of the heating scheme in a private house made of polypropylene has many advantages. Polypropylene pipes are cheaper and lighter metal pipes, they do not rust. Pipes made of plastic do not need painting, they have good view and do not degrade the interior of the room. The procedure for creating a heating system from polypropylene pipes reminds an assembly from the designer. Pipes are quickly and qualitatively connected with the help of a welding unit.
The following equipment, tools and materials are used for the installation of polypropylene pipes:
Note: Quantity necessary materials, tools and components is determined before the installation, after drawing the outline of the heating circuit. Couplings, ball valves and fittings are purchased depending on the type of boiler, the chosen scheme and dimensions of the polypropylene pipe.
Water heating
If you apply electric heating to a private house with your own hands, circuit connection circuits are described above. An electric boiler can be designated as the main source of heat or reserve, if the house already has a source of heating, for example a gas boiler. The electric boiler consumes considerable power, therefore the conductor cross-section must correspond to the current consumed.
It is not necessary to do the reinforced wiring in the whole house, it is enough to lay a suitable cable from the meter to the boiler. Since an electric boiler is a device that heats water, then a closed system or a gravity heating system of a private house will work with it. The scheme is standard. The piping diagrams do not differ from the schemes described above.
To create electric heating, three types of electric boilers are used:
- electrode;
- induction;
- boiler using TEN.
It is considered that the TEN boiler, which has passed the test of time, is more reliable. It is desirable to fill in the system with softened water, so that there is less scale on the TENs. Electric boilers have high efficiency, but the main obstacle to their wide distribution is the growing price of electricity.