Wooden construction today is at the peak of its popularity. And, this has been going on for quite some time. Its building materials, called wood, are not going to give way to others in the near future. This is due to the ecological cleanliness of wooden structures, economy, sufficient ease and speed of the construction of the log house, the durability of materials.

List of materials from which you can build a house

A wooden house can be made of the following materials:

• logs, which are processed on grinders;
• perfectly flat, correctly shaped, logs, past cylinder;
• untreated by additional beam methods;
• bar, which was processed on planing machines;
• a beam made by gluing several layers of wood;
• treated with one or two sides of a log - carriage.

Each of the listed materials has a lot of pluses, the minuses are also possible. The specific choice depends on the preferences of the owners and their material capacities.

Details on wooden materials

An ideally smooth wall surface, with a very tight joint of the elements, can be obtained by using round logs for the erection of a log. All elements are marked, in the production they have grooves, channels, which greatly accelerates and simplifies the assembly.

Excellent processing quality and the beauty of a flat log allow the owners of a new house to save on finishing materials - the building and so it looks very attractive.

Antiseptics and paints for wooden houses

An important stage of construction is the treatment of crowns with antiseptic and other protective compositions. If it is not produced, in a year's time the wooden building will be infected with woodbearing beetles, molds, which will rapidly begin to reduce the strength of wood and destroy it.

I consider Orion to be a proven, professional company. They exist on the market since 2006. The choice of domestic and foreign paint and varnish, protective equipment is very large. You can buy other necessary means for wood: mastics, sealants, varnishes, bleaches, etc. But, you need to order the goods in their online store, and you will need to get the purchased products at the address: Lunacharskogo St. 360.

In modern construction stores in Gelendzhik there is a wide choice of materials, both at high cost, and more affordable (budget option) for building insulation, wooden material, paint and varnish, facing materials, for facades, roofing, etc. I have never had to deal with a careless attitude towards the buyer. Consultants will always inform, help you choose the most suitable material. At wholesale purchases and for the constant buyer there are good discounts, that, undoubtedly, pleases.

If you build a wooden house in Moscow?

A good range of products for wooden housing construction in an excellent price-quality ratio is worth seeing and selecting in the section«Products» our site of the group "Winter House".

Thematic video about the products of GC "Winter House":

We choose construction materials for the construction of an energy-efficient house

By and large the energy-efficient house should look like a thermos, which practically does not cool down. Therefore, one of the most important tasks of designing such houses is to limit the loss of heat along their perimeter: through the foundation, the outer walls and the roof.

Projecting energy efficienthouse, you need to take into account that all the external surfaces, that is, the floor on the pound, the walls and the roof, should have a certain heat transfer coefficient (see the table below). "Box", built from the right materials, significantly slows down the cooling, and therefore, reduces heat loss. It remains to decide what materials are considered correct.

Underground surfaces

Energy-efficient houses are not only well-insulated walls and a roof. It is also an underground plane, that is, a foundation wall, a floor on a pound or a foundation plate.

The walls of the basement are called relatively small structural elements of a house 50-150 cm high. Their dimensions depend on the number of floors, the height of the basement and the type of walls of the first floor. In energy-efficient houses, the foundation walls are usually two- or three-layered.

The least expensive organization of the foundation is the floor on the ground - it is most often found in energy-efficient houses. The floor on the ground usually consists of the following layers: lining, waterproofing, thermal insulation, underlayment under the flooring and flooring. And all the layers that are laid on the insulation, should be separated along the perimeter by special slats. This is especially true for heated floors.

Another effective and economical solution, especially in the case of complex groundwater conditions (for example, on loose soils or sites with a high groundwater level), is the erection of scrap on a reinforced concrete slab. In energy-efficient houses, a heated baseplate is preferable, which may not even be deepened into the ground. This modern solution has many advantages, but the main thing is that it allows building a house with a high level of ground waves and on an inhomogeneous soil (see the figure).

For the construction of underground surfaces, the most suitable are solid, non-hollow materials. Let's consider the most effective of them.

Concrete blocks   size 12 x 25 x 38 cm and weight 25 kg - the ideal material for the foundation. They are very durable, frost-resistant and absorb little moisture (5-9%). In addition, they are relatively cheap.

Aerated concrete blocks

In the domestic cottage construction aerated concrete blocks with a density of 350-600 kg / m3 are used. Usually, the density of aerated concrete is chosen based on the climatic zone in which the construction is planned. Single-walled walls of this material fully meet the requirements of energy efficiency. But there is also a more advantageous option - ENERGO blocks with a density of 350 kg / m3 and with a standard resistance to heat transfer. The walls from them perfectly level out the external temperature fluctuations and are characterized by a long cooling time. And these are the parameters that make the most comfortable and healthy atmosphere inside the house possible.

Hollow Backfill Blocks   make it possible to make foundation walls 20, 25 and 30 cm thick. The holes in them are filled with ordinary concrete or expanded clay concrete. The walls of this material have almost the same properties as the walls of solid concrete blocks. In addition, metal rods can be used to increase the strength of the structure.

Full-bodied ceramic bricks   are also suitable for building a foundation. They come from clinker (with an absorbency of 12%) or well-burned clay (with an absorbency of 20%). Bricks are small in size and weight, but require a lot of time for masonry and plastering before installing a vertical waterproofing.

Advantages of clinker bricks.

Clinker brick has a more dense structure compared to the conventional face brick. This significantly increases the frost resistance and durability of this building material, but at the same time increases the coefficient of thermal conductivity. This property of the clinker should be taken into account when calculating the thickness of the exterior walls of the building. To achieve the energy efficiency of the house, the thermal insulation properties of these structures will have to be increased by adding an additional insulating layer. Accordingly, the cost of construction will increase - up to about 5% without taking into account the difference in the cost of the brick. But in return you get a solid, exquisite and prestigious facade that will advantageously emphasize the beauty of your home, will last long and will not require regular expenses of time and money for repairs.

Monolithic concrete   - a guarantee of durability at a low price. The properties of concrete make it possible to make both the walls and foundation slabs strong, frost-resistant, practically not absorbing moisture and cheap. The disadvantage is the need for formwork.

For waterproofing the foundation use liquid bituminous mastics   (creating a strong, elastic, resistant to many chemicals and UV-radiation coatings) and waterproofing films   of PVC or polyethylene with a thickness of 0.6-2 mm, which can be glued to the base or fixed mechanically at any time of the year, regardless of the weather.

Thermal insulation materials for surfaces in contact with the ground must be resistant to moisture and mechanical damage.

Expedited expanded polystyrene   - the best solution for the insulation of walls, foundation plates and floors on the ground. This material has good, heat-insulating, water-repellent and strength characteristics. Have expanded polystyrene   the quality is slightly worse, but it is cheaper. To insulate the foundation walls, slabs with a specific gravity of at least 20 kg / m3 are suitable.

Exterior walls

The quality of the visible parts of the building is no less important than the quality of the foundation. From the appearance and technical characteristics of walls, roofs, windows and doors depends both the attractiveness of the building and its energy efficiency. Consider the most high-quality technical solutions for external enclosing structures three-layer walls - one of the best designs, each layer of which performs a certain function (see the figure). The bearing wall 18-20 cm thick can be made of hollow ceramic blocks, calc-sand bricks and other materials. Insulating layer of polystyrene or solid mineral wool thickness of 15-20 cm ensures good thermal insulation of the wall and eliminates cold bridges. A protective layer of 8-12 cm in thickness from clinker brick, lime-sand, concrete or ceramic blocks (often plastered) guarantees an attractive appearance of the building, long service and additional sound insulation.

Double-layer walls   Thin than three-layered. They are less durable and more susceptible to mechanical damage. The outer bearing walls of 24-29 cm thick are made of the same materials as the three-layer ones. As a heat insulation foam polystyrene is used, more rarely - mineral wool. Most often the insulation layer is protected with a fiberglass mesh and fine plaster.

Single-walled walls   with a suitable thermal insulation layer - almost the best solution for energy-efficient houses. But only on the condition that they were erected from ceramic hollow blocks, the voids in which were filled with foam plastic chips. With walls 31-36 cm thick, the coefficient of resistance to heat transfer is 0.19 W / (m2 - ° C). The thickened inner layer of expanded clay concrete improves thermal accumulation and gives the wall additional strength.

Requirements for walls in an economical, energy-efficient house

It is imperative to ensure that the thermal engineering properties of the wall masonry from ceramic blocks meet the requirements of building codes. For example, for the temperature zone of our country, covering all northern and central regions, the resistance to heat transfer of the walls is 2.8 m2 - ° C / W.

Wall masonry from Porotherm 38 P + W blocks in a heat-saving solution satisfies the requirements of the above DBN in the I temperature zone, and hence the requirements of other, less severe temperature zones. The wall thickness, excluding the plaster layers, is 38 cm. The wall, built of Porotherm 44 and 50 P + W blocks (44 and 50 cm thick, respectively) will have a margin for thermal insulation.

Roofs

The roof is one of the most important elements of the house. Special requirements are imposed on the roofs of exploited attics (attics). At their device it is necessary to observe all conditions of heat and sound insulation. In addition, the construction of the roof should be easy, and this can only be achieved because the multi-layer roofing can be made from virtually any available material (metal, ceramic or bitumen shingles, sheet metal, cane, etc.). Everything depends on the architect and the owner. But the main thing is that the coating is airtight and durable.

Frame   Roofs are chosen taking into account the type of coating. A solid frame of boards or OSB boards is required for roofing of bitumen or metal sheets. When covering from tiles (ceramic or metal) on the rafters are stuffed wooden crate. The rafters are usually made of beams. Traditional designs are adapted to small house sizes and a slight slope angle.

Windproofing   is a film with a high vapor transmission capacity, necessary in houses with a residential attic. It protects the layer of mineral wool from rain and snow, which can penetrate through the coating, and at the same time allows moisture to evaporate, which accumulates in the heat-insulating layer.

the thermal insulation is most often made of mineral wool and laid in two or three layers. In energy-efficient houses, the thickness of the insulation must be 20-25 cm (minimum 8 cm in single-layer design). Mineral wool not only reliably protects the premise under the roof from heat loss, but also performs the function of a soundproofing device, it does not burn, is characterized by sufficient elasticity and easily fits between the rafters. However, one must remember that it is afraid of moisture, therefore, a vapor barrier is required for the roofing cake. It is a film of polyethylene or other material that passes steam and prevents moisture from accumulating in the insulation. As an internal covering it is possible to use a wooden lining, gipsokartonnye sheets, etc.

New constructions of overlappings

Prefabricated-monolithic interfloor overlappings (eg Teriva) are much warmer and lighter than traditional structures. They make it possible to use a lightweight foundation and modern, lighter and cheaper wall materials. Regarding the speed, 100 m2 of overlap are installed manually using 4 workers in 2-3 days. These structures do not require additional costs for various types of insulation, since they have high heat conductivity and noise absorption. In addition, they are economical in the finish: from above enough a layer of concrete, from which immediately made the final floor screed, and from below - a perfectly flat surface of the ceiling, on which it is sufficient to apply a thin layer of plaster (2-3 mm). All these factors make the overlapping practically and financially advantageous building material, by means of which it is possible to achieve savings of about 10-30%.

Basic requirements for building structures and materials for their manufacture

Thermal insulation   - the main parameter that directly affects the cost of house maintenance. This is due to the fact that the walls and roof pass about 30-55% of the heat used for heating, and windows and doors - about 15-25%. Not surprisingly, experts recommend using a thermal insulation made of mineral wool or polystyrene foam 15-25 cm thick.

Soundproofing   affects comfort, especially it is important in places with high noise. Good sound insulation is provided by concrete, ceramic bricks, mineral wool and other materials.

Accumulation heat eliminates the temperature jumps in the room and saves heat energy. This characteristic is mandatory for energy-efficient houses. It has heavy materials: stone, concrete, clinker and calc-sand brick.

Comparative characteristics of the external surfaces of houses

Some details that are important to consider when building a new energy - saving house.

• The price of the roof is about 10-15% of the cost of the house box. The correct choice of coating and professional installation can reduce heat loss during the operation of the building by 20-30%.
• Hermetic windows with double-glazed windows increase the heat and sound insulation of the openings by 3-4 times compared to
• with an old wooden carpentry.
• Wooden houses require about a year to shrink. Only after this time you can proceed to the finishing works.
• The walls, built of ceramic blocks, have such high thermal insulation performance that they do not need
• in the insulation.

Tip: Combination of materials

The replacement of one material provided for in the project, to another chosen by the customer, is possible under certain conditions. As a rule, the permissible replacement of wall materials concerns those cases when it comes to elements with similar dimensions (in particular, width) and technical parameters. If you want to replace materials that are different in parameters and properties.

For example, hollow ceramic blocks for aerated concrete blocks, it is necessary to consult with the designer and obtain written permission. This is due to the fact that such a replacement may require adjustments of some technical solutions. Such technical amendments can be made only by the designer or specialist with the appropriate rights.

In most cases, the use of different wall materials in the same construction - for example, aerated concrete is not the first floor, but the brick on the second one - will inevitably lead to the formation of cracks on the wall due to the difference in the parameters of the thermal insulation and the compressive strength of the two materials.

If you build NOT with your own hands: quality control of construction

In order for an average consumer to understand how well the house he is going to buy is insulated, it is necessary first to study the project, to understand the structures of the enclosing walls, roofing, overlapping, etc.

Typically, the walls are multilayered - for example, plaster + insulation + brickwork, ventilation facade + insulation + cast-in-place concrete, frame wall with plating and insulator, etc. In each case, you must calculate the whole "pie" of the structure and check the values ​​obtained on conformity to norms.

For example, in Europe, and throughout the world, there is a marking of buildings that automatically shows the energy efficiency class and affects the cost of selling or leasing this property. In our country there are also energy labeling and energy certificates of buildings, however, unfortunately, especially in private housing construction these norms and requirements are not met.

The choice of material for building a foundation is determined by its type. Nevertheless, it is possible to identify the main building materials used to create a reliable basis for a country house.

So, to create a foundation you will need:

Concrete

Stone material, which is a hardened mixture of binder, sand, water and fillers. As a filler, as a rule, gravel, crushed stone or also sand is used.

An astringent in the composition of concrete is:

• cement
• a mixture of lime with silica materials (silicate concrete)
• organic polymer (various resins)

Frozen concrete is durable, waterproof and frost-resistant. It is quite simple to use - even a person who does not have a special building education is able to cope with the laying of concrete.

When building monolithic foundations, concrete is poured into the prepared trench in the original form. For prefabricated tape or columnar foundations, pre-formed (usually factory-made) concrete blocks are used.

Sand

This material is used not only as a component of concrete, but also for the purpose of creating a sand cushion foundation. A sand cushion is prepared in the event that loose soil can not serve as a worthy base.

The top layer of the soil is removed and in return, the coarse or medium-grained sand (50-60 cm thick) is covered with the resulting groove.

Tree

When building a foundation, the tree can be used as a direct building material (wooden supports for a pile foundation) or as an auxiliary element (formwork for pouring concrete).

Wood is a cheap and easy to use material. However, it should be noted that the durability of the tree leaves much to be desired, since it is highly prone to rot.

Reinforcing steel

The reinforcement construction, woven into concrete, will make the foundation strong and reliable. In order to make the reinforcement of the reinforced concrete structure it is necessary to use flexible steel rods or grids.

Reinforcing steel should be strong and at the same time quite plastic. Its surfaces are usually ribbed to improve adhesion to concrete.

Heaters

In order to subsequently save on heating the premises in concrete structures of the foundation, special heaters can be laid. These include:

• expanded clay (an artificial porous filler in the form of crushed stone or gravel)
• mineral wool plates (fibrous material from rock)
• polystyrene (plastic mass of cellular structure) and expanded polystyrene (a kind of foam plastic)