Boilers that are used to install a water-heated floor are not fundamentally different from conventional heating appliances, and they work in the same way. In order to choose such a boiler you only need to calculate the expected power of the future system and your capabilities. They mean not only the amount of probable financial investments, but also the availability of such amenities in the house as gas or electricity
Warm floors not only provide an excellent opportunity to create additional coziness and warmth for your feet all year round, but will also be a pleasant addition to the usual centralized heating. With their help, you can significantly adjust the atmosphere and temperature in the house, especially when it is surrounded on all sides by cold winter air masses, which are so eager to get inside.
However, in recent years, more and more often there are houses where there is a complete refusal to install a typical central heating system. This not very effective system is replaced by the complete equipment of all rooms with heated floors with adjustable temperature levels. This system is more logical and better than ordinary heating, as warm air continuously rises and circulation constantly circulates, preventing it from cooling down.
No specific criteria, how to choose boiler for floor heating, does not exist, but there is one most important moment that will need to be taken into account when acquiring this technique. This condition consists in the fact that the boiler for water The warm floor must necessarily be automatic. In the rest you can choose gas, electric, diesel and pellet boilers for warm floors.
The first version of the boiler for equipment water With the warm floor, with which we will become acquainted, is electrical. As you might guess, it is much more economically advantageous to heat the water floor economically than to do the same with radiators. Ultimately, we will receive savings of 15-20%, its cause will be to reduce the temperature of the coolant that circulates in the warm floor.
The principle of operation of an electric water boiler is given in this diagram:
In our review, we turn only to wall-mounted boilers. This choice was made insofar as the floor boiler for floor heating carries out its work on a completely analogous principle.
The electric boiler has a tank, which contains the heat carrier chosen by the owner of the housing. Tanks are built in the tank. They can be either standard water or electrode type. This means that instead of TEN in the tank are electrodes.
At the inlet, that is where the water again comes in the heating tank, there is a pressure sensor and a valve for protection. That is, it is here that the safety elements of the entire boiler are located. Do not install the boiler without a pressure sensor. If there is no constant movement of the coolant, the tanks will overheat, the water will evaporate, and under the boiler cover there will be an area of some emptiness in which the heating elements can not exist and quickly fail.
Boilers for warm floors have in their composition an air outlet with an automatic system of switching on and off, and a pump for circulating the coolant in the network. Another mandatory component is the expansion tank.
Getting into the boiler for water floor, the heat carrier is heated and then returns to the heating system through a special pipe. Passing the whole system, it merges into the heating tank, where again its temperature rises to the required level.
Modern electric boilers for the water floor are made as user friendly as possible. They are very compact and compact. Some of them can be easily hidden in the kitchen cupboard. The same devices are deprived of all unnecessary wires and pipes. They left only the most necessary.
In addition to a pleasant appearance, these devices have quite high reliability indicators, they are quite safe in everyday life and have convenient switches and temperature control levers that go through the coolant pipes.
The automation of the electric boiler operating system for the water-heated floor allows not only to achieve a comfortable home temperature, but also to safely leave the device in the working position at the time of your excommunication from home. You can safely leave without fear that something will pierce, spoil, burn out or break.
The control panel is freely available. The buttons on it allow you to change the circulation speed of the coolant, the power and the temperature with which the boiler should operate, as desired.
Such boilers, as a rule, are also equipped with copper heaters, which significantly save the consumption of electricity. In case of any breakdown, a code is displayed on the digital screen of the panel to identify the cause of the problem and quickly eliminate it without spending time on diagnostics.
What you need to know when choosing a boiler
The qualitative work of the whole system of warm floors depends not only on all the necessary elements, but also on the quality of the device you have purchased for your home. Thus, the good or bad work of the water boiler can be affected even by its price.
When referring to such an instrument as an electric boiler, pay attention to the following characteristics: the material from which the tank is made (the best solution is to stop on a stainless steel product); how much heating elements are able to resist the invasion of corrosion; resistance of the insulation layer; Additional functions in the absence of water in the tank.
Among brands and manufacturers, focus on these popular brands:
- RusNIT (Russia)
- Ferroli (Italy)
- Dacon (Czech Republic)
- Eleko (Slovakia)
- Protherm (Slovakia)
- Viesmann (Germany)
Domestic boilers are excellent in situations where it is necessary to heat a large area immediately. Foreign boilers, as a rule, are better executed and have the ability to connect additional elements and sensors. Polish boilers became famous for their quiet operation, so they can be installed in places for rest.
Foreign boilers are also characterized by a certain set of positive properties, such as a smoother switching of tuning systems; gradual launch of all equipment, they have a liquid crystal information screen.
Given this information, think about how you want to use the water-heated floor. If you are only interested in pleasant sensations of the surface of the floor, then this is one question. And in the case of the need to supplement the centralized heating system - this is another solution.
Note that the boiler for warm floors can perform several roles at the same time. It can serve as a source of coolant for the floors and for the central heating system. The boiler can be safe in case of an accident, when it will be necessary to select a quick replacement of a defective heating system for any reason. Well, the very last and simple purpose is to use it as an element of warm floors.
What to choose for a warm floor
When installing an electric boiler for a warm floor, you need to calculate your strength correctly. If you are not sure that you can correctly connect the wiring or build the system, then do not try to do this to avoid fatal errors, and call for help from professionals.
The electrical system of the system should not be combined with other devices, it must have its own separate outlet to the switchboard of your apartment or house. Be sure to install all necessary fuses. They must turn off the system when hinting at a malfunction so that there is no risk of a boiler being blown up or electric shock.
As a coolant in such warm floors, a special antifreeze is used. If it is not available, it is possible to replace it with distilled water, in which a little salt is dissolved. Such coolants reduce the energy consumption for heating the room by about 5%.
Note that gas and pellet boilers can not give such comfort and coziness when used, as electrical. In them, the heat carrier is heated unevenly, and the temperature is extremely high. This moment requires constant monitoring by the owner. In addition, gas is more expensive than electricity, and pellets made of wood, still have to look for and buy, constantly maintaining their stock, while the current we have a direct and constant access.
For the new private house, for a cottage or giving a successful and effective way of heating will become the equipment of the heating system "warm floor". The information available to date indicates that, in terms of its effectiveness, such a heating system for living quarters is quite effective. Water warm floors today are becoming more popular in private households, given the wide range of technical means, materials and devices needed to install such a system. The quality of heating in any case depends on the source of heat. If there are no special questions with gas and electric boilers during the installation of the warm floor, then a bundle of solid fuel boiler and "warm floor" heating will make you tinker.
The main reason lies in the absence of a clear and effective mechanism for adjusting the temperature of heating the coolant. The boiler water temperature, which diverges along the contour for the warm floor, should not exceed the permissible parameters. The slightest malfunction in the work of the heating device and on your floor, right in the room, you can prepare food. Consider the problem from different angles.
The main advantage that the heated floor has in comparison with other methods of heating, a uniform area of warming up the internal space. In a room that is equipped with a warm floor, there are practically no warm or cold zones. Heated flooring radiates heat. The warm air flows evenly up, displacing the cooler air. Due to natural convection, there is a regular air exchange in the heated room.
Important! In terms of its effectiveness, heating such as a warm floor, which is powered by a solid fuel heater, is only slightly inferior to a similar system operating from gas boilers.
Due to the fact that the temperature of the heating medium in the heating circuit for the water-heated floor is lower than for convection heating, a significant saving of the fuel resource is achieved. In the case of solid fuel boilers, this fact is not unimportant. The heated screed is a kind of heat accumulator, which is able to give the accumulated heat energy to the internal space for a long time. Even when the boiler is stopped, warm floors remain warm for a long time.
The proposed video details and describes the main technical subtleties and nuances that arise when installing this scheme of heating.
For those who choose the home heating system for the warm floor from a solid fuel boiler, a whole range of nuances and technical aspects must be taken into account. A competent selection of the heating device for the heating system, proper tying and connection, will allow you to get the most expected result from the operation of the heating equipment. Solid fuel boilers, due to their high inertia, represent a warm floor for the heating system, a "double-edged stick". On the one hand, it's good when the boiler cools for a long time and a hot coolant continues to flow into the pipeline for a while. This will allow for some time to avoid a rapid drop in temperature inside the living quarters.
On the other hand, it is not possible to quickly reduce the heating temperature during operation of solid fuel boilers. The system is difficult to adjust. It is necessary to install additional protective devices that compensate for the lack of technological flexibility of heating equipment operating on wood or coal.
The list of shortcomings associated with boiler equipment operating on wood or on coal can be continued:
- the need to regularly load the next batch of fuel (at least not less than once a day);
- cleaning and cleaning of the boiler is done manually, which also takes a lot of time;
- the need to store a certain stock of coal or firewood in the immediate vicinity of the fuel unit;
- regular check of chimney efficiency and ventilation condition in the house;
- a sharp drop in the efficiency of the heating system due to a reduction in the boiler's capacity.
On a note: The last point for warm floors is not so relevant, recalling the ability of a concrete screed to play the role of a thermal battery.
Despite the obvious difficulties, the water floor in a country house, fed from a solid-fuel unit, has its positive aspects. The first place here is autonomy. For a country house such a plus in the heating system is if not the most important, then the key. The economics and efficiency of heating units operating on firewood, wood waste, coal or fuel briquettes are also important aspects to which attention should be paid.
Ways to connect the solid fuel boiler to the underfloor heating system
Solving the main problem
The main problem is that most of the solid fuel heating appliances used in private homes are the lack of the automation that we are used to using gas or electric units. In most models, the boiler is stopped in a semi-automatic mode, the ash pit closes, the boiler goes out. Is such a principle of operation of the heating boiler suitable for warm floors in the house?
Warm floor from a technological point of view is the equipment for which there is a fundamental limitation in the heating temperature. Overheating of the floor will lead to the fact that the comfort in the house will have to be forgotten for a while. The operating boiler produces an order of magnitude more heat energy than necessary to supply the heating circuit. The task can be partially solved by installing a mixing valve or electric pump into the system, which will circulate the hot coolant through the pipes. However, in this case, the main advantage of solid fuel vehicles, their autonomy, is lost.
For reference: the recommended floor surface temperature in living areas should not exceed 29-30 0 C. The maximum threshold of 33 degrees is allowed in bathrooms, in bathrooms, where the floor covering is usually made of tile or ceramic tiles.
Frequent situations in winter, when in case of bad weather, the power supply of residential buildings is disrupted. In such a situation, the stop of the circulation pump threatens to overheat not only the heating device, but also the destruction of the main components and elements of the heating system. Restoring the power supply will result in the superheated heat carrier again starting to flow into the heating circuit, which is unable to withstand such temperatures. As a result, the breakthrough and failure of the entire heating system. Than it is fraught, it is possible to imagine!
In order to protect yourself from such troubles, it is better to equip an autonomous heating system with additional devices for removing excess heat energy. Extinguish the boiler immediately does not work and reduce the temperature of heating, especially at night, not immediately possible. For you, this work can be performed by additional devices.
Method one. Connection of radiators
Important! Without the installation of a three-way valve (usually 3-8 pieces by the number of circuits), your heating system will always be at risk. The mixing unit, equipped with three-way valves, will be able at the right time to solve the problem of cooling the heated coolant.
Having at its disposal a heating boiler for a warm floor, working on wood, it is enough to install additional heat radiators in the house. The main task that is assigned to them is to compensate for the excess heat coming from the operating heating device. The hot coolant will circulate freely over the batteries, giving off excess heat energy. Usually for this purpose put 1-2 radiators, in rooms that are periodically visited by the occupants of the house (corridor, basement, waiting rooms).
The cast-iron battery is quite capable of coping with this role. Cast iron radiators withstand high pressure (superheated steam). The main task during the installation of the radiator, get a large heat dissipation area.
On a note: at a coolant temperature at the outlet from the boiler at 45-60 0 C, only the installation of an additional radiator lowers the boiler water temperature by 5-8 degrees.
The battery is connected in such a way that the boiler water enters it in a natural way. A system equipped in this way will be able to withstand considerable overheating and not collapse. In this case, you can do without the expansion tank, if it is a question of solid fuel assemblies of low power, in which the combustion chamber has a small volume.
Method two. Installing the heat accumulator
If you have a house of considerable size you can give preference to a more reliable and efficient option. Thermal accumulator, in other words, a large capacity for collecting heat carrier, successfully copes with the role of the regulator of the heating water temperature.
Important! It is also important to remember the need to install a three-way (heat-mixing) valve. As a rule, any heating system can not do without such a device.
The proposed scheme demonstrates how easy and easy it is to install the storage tank in a common heating system.
According to the principle of operation - the thermal battery is the same hydro-gun, only large sizes. The main task that the heat accumulator decides is the selection of thermal energy. The working boiler will heat the coolant, which first enters the storage tank. Already from the storage tank, the coolant, cooled down to the required temperature, will disperse along the heating circuit of the warm floor.
Usually the volume of such a tank is calculated on the basis of the ratio - 40 liters per 1 kW of power of the heating device. With this technique, you are no longer afraid of overheating equipment. Thanks to the heat accumulator and the efficiency of the warm floor, you will be able to significantly reduce the number of fuel loads to the boiler. Saving is obvious!
Choosing a solid fuel boiler for the warm floor
Having decided for yourself to create in the house the maximum comfort and coziness with the help of a solid fuel boiler and the heating system "warm floor", it is not necessary to build special illusions. This scheme is so sensitive and gentle in work, so you will need constant attention and control to the working equipment.
In order to somehow facilitate the task in the future, it is necessary to strictly address the choice of a solid-fuel aggregate.
You can use a traditional firewood aggregate, only then you will have to spend more time on its maintenance. The situation looks better with boiler equipment equipped with an automated fuel supply mechanism. Pellet solid fuel vehicles are good in this respect. Having installed a hopper with pellets next to the heating unit, you can free yourself a lot of time.
For example: loading a bunker, an average of 1-2 m3 of fuel in the form of pellets, will allow the boiler to operate smoothly with a capacity of 50 kW for almost a week. The heating system is practically protected from defrosting during your long absence.
Equalize the shortcomings characteristic of traditional solid-fuel aggregates will allow pyrolysis type boilers.
Even with manual loading, you need only 1-2 times to fully load the furnace of the unit. The duration of burning fuel in the furnace, the presence of heat accumulator in the system, the physical properties of the concrete screed in the complex will provide the necessary and comfortable temperature inside the living quarters.
Conclusion
Evaluating the technical capabilities of solid fuel assemblies with the expectation of installing in a warm floor house, the following conclusions can be drawn. The technical solution in this case is viable. Solid fuel boilers together with heated floors can give the expected effect, if responsibly approach the solution of the questions posed and do not save on materials.
It should be noted that the warm floor system works better with solid fuel boiler equipment, when there is a large heat consumption in the house, a hot water supply system works. The more heat points in the house, the more functional your heating becomes. For small residential buildings, chasing the large capacity of heating appliances, counting on installing a warm floor, is not worth it. Otherwise, you will have to solve the problem of excess heat consumption.
Which boilers for a water-heated floor are better to use when creating a heating system on your own? In the article, we will analyze some of the most popular solutions, describe their advantages, disadvantages and installation features.
So, let's get started.
Differences with convection heating
But in fact, why does the warm floor stand out as a separate category? After all, this is a classic system of water heating. (see also the article) The only difference is only in the form of a heat exchanger heating the room. Or are we missing something?
Of course. Remember, to what temperature can radiators heat up in severe frosts. Tip: 50 to 95 degrees.
Let's clarify: the upper limit of 95 C is limited by the effective SNiP; However, under certain conditions in real central heating systems, it can be exceeded.
And now imagine that you have to walk barefoot on the floor with a temperature of at least 70 degrees. For reference - touching the surface with such a temperature is usually accompanied by the utterance of little informative, but extremely emotional replicas.
Therefore, the main feature is the low temperature of the coolant. And not only on the reverse, but also on the supply pipeline of the warm floor: the more uniformly the surface is warmed up, the more comfortable it is to walk on it.
Costs
When assessing the properties of a boiler, we will have to willy-nilly pay attention to the economic side. The cheaper the kilowatt-hour of heat energy received from the source chosen by us, the less we have to pay for the heating season.
Let's announce the list in order of increasing costs.
- The minimum price of kilowatt-hour of heat received by burning the main gas. If your house is connected to gas supply, you can not look for alternatives.
However: in the coming years the picture may change.
Gas rises much faster than electricity: its prospected reserves are limited, and the power industry is gradually moving to replenishable sources, which, with a large initial investment, ensure minimum operating costs.
- The second place in cheapness of heat is divided by coal and firewood. Who leads and who lags behind depends on regional prices for both energy carriers. Under certain circumstances (cheap sawmill waste or independent logging) this heat source can outstrip even the main gas.
- The third place is divided between a balloon (liquefied) gas and a solar. And in this pair it is difficult to name an unambiguous leader: the cost of a kilowatt-hour depends too much on local conditions.
- Finally, the most expensive electrical heating. To get a kilowatt-hour of heat, you need to spend a kilowatt-hour of electricity, which will cost 3-4 rubles. Meanwhile, a house with an area of 100 square meters needs an average of 240 kilowatt hours per day, which will give daily heating costs of 720 - 960 rubles.
Comfort
Saving is wonderful, but do not forget about convenience. What will we be offered different types of boilers in this regard?
Here the picture is changing a lot.
- Electric boiler It can maintain the desired temperature in the circuit indefinitely without any maintenance. In addition, it does not require the removal of combustion products, which allows you to mount the electric boiler in any convenient place.
- Gas fired boilers It is worth dividing into two categories with slightly different characteristics.
- Non-volatile boilers require manual ignition using a piezoelectric element. After the pilot burner is ignited, the boiler operates in fully automatic mode; however, if, due to drafts or for any other reason, the ignition switch goes out, the automation will shut off the gas supply, and the person will be required to re-ignite. So, in severe frosts, leaving a house for a long time is not worth it.
- Boilers with electronic control, in contrast, are fully automated. All operations are performed in a mode independent of the person; it is even possible to program the change in air temperature in a house with a daily or weekly cycle. In addition, due to the absence of a pilot burner, a 20 percent saving in gas is achieved.
The reverse side of intelligent control is volatility: in the event of a power failure, the boiler will no longer perform its functions.
Both types of gas boilers, of course, need to remove combustion products. They are removed by natural or forced draft. If balloon gas is used, periodic replacement of cylinders is also required.
- Solar boilers on the degree of comfort in terms of the owner inferior to gas by several parameters:
- The smell of the carpenters will inevitably be present in the boiler room and adjacent rooms.
- By the way, about the boiler room: it must be a separate room with very good sound insulation. The sound of the solar burner is a little inferior to the volume of the aircraft engine.
- Finally, the solar cell needs to be stored somewhere. In your basement or next to the house there will be a capacity of up to several cubic meters.
- Complete list of all types of solid fuel boilers. Even the most autonomous of them - boilers of the upper combustion of Stropuva and their analogues from other producers - require fuel loading and ash removal at least once a day. Most budget decisions require a fuel deposit every 4-6 hours.
However, there is a measure that will free the owner from part of the labor service. We'll look at it a little further.
The upper combustion boiler is the record holder of autonomous operation.
Temperature regime and adaptation to the underfloor heating system
As we found at the beginning of the article, we need not just a source of thermal energy. We need a boiler capable of providing a coolant temperature of 25-40 degrees. If any of the boilers is incapable of such feats, we will consider the methods of its adaptation.
Electricity
Among electric boilers, we see an idyllic picture: they are able to provide the desired mode of operation without any additional body movements. At more or less decent devices, you can set the temperature maintenance mode from 25C and above.
Moreover: from the additional equipment only a collector is needed.
And then when you connect several independent circuits.
Electric boilers are supplied with an expansion tank, an automatic air vent and a circulation pump.
Gas
Here again, two options are possible.
- So-called condensing boilers are able to work with a low-temperature coolant. Actually, no more than 40 C on a heat exchanger is necessary for the condensation of combustion products. In addition to convenience, these devices are the most economical: their efficiency exceeds traditional solutions by 8-12 percent.
- A classic gas boiler for a warm water floor is also suitable, but with little improvement.
Between the supply and return pipelines is mounted a hydro-gun. In the simplest version, this is a cylindrical tank installed vertically and equipped with nozzles at different heights from the base. Due to the slow circulation in it, water is stratified into hot and cold water, and a coolant of acceptable temperature can be selected from a pair of nozzles in its lower part. The boiler works with a hotter return, selected a little higher.
Of course, for a stable water temperature in the circuit, forced circulation is used with thermal control and pump control circuits.
Solar
The operating temperature of the return for diesel boilers is the same as for traditional gas boilers. Actually, on sale you can find many universal models that can work on both types of fuel. To switch from a solar car to gas it is enough to change the burner only with your own hands.
The instruction for adapting to the operating temperature or at home is reduced to the same installation of the hydro-gun. On sale it is possible to meet and automatic systems of mixing, mixing a part of water with return to the supplied heat carrier. However, they only stabilize the temperature in the pipes of the warm floor: the problem is too cold for the boiler return flow remains.
Solid fuel
And here too low heat exchanger temperature is undesirable: the condensation of very aggressive combustion products will drastically shorten its service life. The solution of the problem is to install a heat accumulator in the system. In essence, this is the same gunner, but with a volume that has grown to 300 - 2000 liters.
In addition to the fact that water from the required temperature can be selected from the nozzles at the bottom of the storage tank, it solves the problem of frequent firing. When fuel is combusted, the heat generated is used to heat a large volume of the heat carrier; then within a few hours the tank gives off heat to the heating system.
In the photo there is a volumetric heat accumulator capable of heating a medium-sized house during the day.
Conclusion
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Conclusion
It seems that it is obvious. By the combination of functionality, cheap heating and ease of use, the undoubted leader is a gas condensing boiler equipped with an electronic ignition. However, if gas is not available, other solutions can be realized.
In the video in this article you will find additional information on this topic. Good luck!
The house is a place with a warm atmosphere in which you can gain strength and recharge energy for each new day. To ensure that the atmosphere in the house was warm not only in the portable, but in the literal sense, the owner should not ignore the issue of equipping an energy efficient and practical heating system. As a heating format in the house can be installed heating system underfloor heating, which, with a competent approach, will solve the heating problem.
Quality water floors in a wooden house, in a brick cottage or in a city apartment will help create optimal temperature conditions and a cozy microclimate in each room. They can also be used for heating auxiliary rooms, for example, a well-known warm water floor on the balcony, in the garage and on the veranda.
This method of heating has been known since ancient times. Primitive water floor was used by the Romans to heat Roman baths. Despite the fact that many years have passed since then, this method of heating has not lost its relevance and is quite in demand among modern consumers. Today's floor has been significantly optimized - it is distinguished by its ecological compatibility, affordable cost, uniformity of heating and the ability to adjust modes with automatic thermostats.
In general, the heating of the water floor is a system of pipes with different internal sections along which the coolant circulates. Pipes can be made of different materials. Also, mats can be used for a warm water floor whose price is about 3-4 dollars per square meter. Mats and pipes are mounted in the floor, with a cement screed, a wooden or polystyrene dry-mounting system.
To the main advantages, which give water underfloor heating, you can relate several factors:
In addition, the water floor in a private house or apartment is an economically advantageous type of heating. In the long term, the costs spent by the owner for the purchase of equipment pay off and enable us to use an inexpensive and energy efficient system, the work of which does not damage the environment and the ecology of the planet.
Before installation, specialists conduct an analysis of the premises and make a heating scheme that covers the entire house or individual rooms. The heating scheme developed by the heating engineer will provide answers to many questions: which pipes are better for a warm water floor, how the boiler should be positioned, and how to determine the type of screed, the format of the fittings and auxiliary equipment used - thermostats, water guns, etc.
Warm floor system - nuances of installation
The main feature that should be taken into account for property owners who decided to install a water floor is a high hydraulic resistance of this type of heating. Its value is several times higher than the analogous values of the radiator heating system. Because of this, residents of apartment buildings do not always have the opportunity to use the warm floor system in the presence of centralized heat supply - this leads to cold risers in the entrance and inconvenience to residents of neighboring apartments.
These defects are deprived of floor heating in a private house - with the proper level of implementation, such a system will give the owner the opportunity to use a safe and environmentally friendly kind of heating.
Method of organization
To ensure that the underfloor heating system is efficient and safe, the temperature on the floor surface should be about 28 degrees. Only a condensing boiler can create such a coolant temperature - the laying of heating pipes in the floor can be made from it directly. Other types of heaters - a conventional gas boiler, an electric boiler for a warm water floor - are designed for a minimum heating of the coolant at a level of 60 degrees. Therefore, too hot a heat carrier must be diluted with a mixing unit.
The scheme of the mixing unit is as follows:
With the help of the mixing unit, the cold coolant is mixed from the return with the heated coolant coming from the supply pipeline.
How is the distribution of the coolant along the contours?
In order to distribute the heat carrier evenly over several circuits involved in the system, a special device is used - a distribution manifold or a collector. It is a block of two interconnected feed and return pipes, to which all the circuits used in the house are connected. In small flats or in the case of heating a separate room, only one pipe loop can be connected to the manifold. When heating large buildings, the number of circuits can increase significantly.
The use of the collector has several functional advantages, among them:
In general, the scheme of the collector connection of the warm floor assumes the presence of the following units:
For safety reasons, a gas or electric boiler for a warm water floor is equipped with a bypass. It allows to ensure continuous operation of the system in the event of emergency situations and makes it possible to avoid boiler failure due to overheating of the coolant or increase in pressure in the circuit to a critical level. With the help of the bypass, part of the coolant is diverted from the main circuits and during the emergency situations the boiler remains safe.
System Layout
In any system of the warm floor there are two key components - the heating pipes in the floor, and also the fixation system. Modern homeowners are available several technologies for fixing pipes.
A dry wooden or polystyrene fixation system consists of wood plates or polystyrene mats in which there are niches for placing pipes.
This type of fixation is quite effective - it allows you to evenly distribute heat, is simple and affordable. After the pipes have been laid, a certain rigid coating is laid on the fixing system. Then, the tiling can be laid on the water-heated floor, or other types of flooring can be installed, such as laminate, carpet, linoleum, etc. The use of cement-sand screed based on Portland cement is also often practiced in the installation of a warm floor.
It implies several layers, arranged alternately:
The choice of a certain type of screed must be carried out on an individual basis. It should be understood that each type of screed has its own nuances, but because of the cheapness, the more popular option is the screed with the use of cement. The high cost of a warm water floor using a dry screed format confuses some buyers who do not take into account the fact that the polystyrene or wooden fixation system is better maintainable and lighter weight than a wet cement-based screed.
In rooms where for any reason the installation of a water floor is not possible, the heating problem can be solved by using infrared heating elements. Among them, you can heat Hitlayf to buy the price of which is $ 15-20 per square meter of film.
Pipe Selection
One of the main elements of the system of the water-heated floor is the pipes, so their choice should be approached responsibly. They must meet two requirements - well bend and differ in durability. The most common practice is the use of metal-plastic, polymer and. The best indicators of heat conductivity are characterized by stainless steel pipes, but to date their use is not very common due to low popularity.
In addition to selecting pipes from the optimal material, the owner will have to select a pipe with the correct configuration. The diameter of the internal section of the pipe can vary. It is determined after a series of hydraulic calculations.
The most common in the systems of the warm floor pipes diameters from 16 to 20 mm, which are laid in the floor on a spiral or serpentine pattern.
Also, various modified laying schemes can be used, taking into account the individual layout of each room.
Boiler selection
The effective water-heated floor of the kit is selected in accordance with the heating scheme, it can not function normally without a correctly selected boiler. There are boilers that are specially designed for a system of warm floors. Among them, modern condensation models from various manufacturers. Traditional gas, solid fuel, electric and diesel heaters can also be adapted for use in the underfloor heating system.
The choice of a warm floor system has many nuances. The consumer should determine the type of pipes, the option of screed, the choice of boiler and floor covering, so the implementation of a warm water floor system should not be carried out in a hurry. Qualitative components of the system, selected in accordance with the specifics of the building will allow to achieve uniform, economical and productive heating.