When repairing the floor screed is a necessity. This type of screed, as well as everything can be prepared using sand obtained from expanded clay, which is a fine-grained building material, the particles of which are up to 5 mm.
Easy claydite concrete, as well as expanded clay, can be made at home.
Especially if the manufacturer of concrete and screed solutions is located far from the construction site. The preparation of environmentally friendly and warm claydite-concrete with our own hands will allow us to obtain the necessary building material not only in the right amount, but also with the required structure and correct composition.
Expanded clay is one of the most popular materials used for floor screeding. You can prepare a solution of expanded clay concrete by yourself, using the recommended proportions.
The proportions for the claydite concrete solution are as follows: 1 part of cement, 3 parts of sand and 8 parts of expanded clay.Concrete can be made from such types of expanded clay as sand, gravel and crushed stone, which are maximally adapted for the production of concrete blocks and coatings.
Preparation and transportation
Solution manufacturing process
To produce a quality mortar with keramzit concrete, you must adhere to the recommended proportions. With the correct dilution of the mixture, the screed will turn out to be of high quality and durable.
Tools and appliances that will be needed in the preparation of claydite concrete solution:
- Pneumosupercharger with mixing hopper or concrete mixer in volume of 200 liters with a building trough (200 liters).
- Flexible hoses for transporting the mixture or shovel with a bucket for pouring the floor.
The list of necessary materials should include the following components:
- Cement (M400 or M500).
- Waste sand washed.
- Claydite (fraction 5-10).
- Water, from 200 to 300 liters per cube, which is determined by the moisture content of the materials.
- Plasticizer - laundry soap or powder.
Before kneading keramzitobetonnoy mixture, mixture, granules of expanded clay must be moistened with water to improve the properties of adhesion of the solution.
Preparatory work for the installation of claydite concrete in the formwork is reduced to cooking. Before you begin to mix a claydite-concrete mixture, the claydite granules are wetted with water to improve the adhesion properties of the solution with the addition of sand and cement.
The instruction for the preparation of one mix of expanded clay concrete includes the following steps:
- Switch on the concrete mixer or air blower.
- Pour water.
- Add the cement.
- Fill in the sand, keeping the necessary proportions.
- Stir the mixture thoroughly.
- Pour claydite into the solution, observing the correct loading of the tank.
- Get a homogeneous mixture of expanded claydite concrete in a volume of 200 liters.
On the whole process of preparation of one mixture of expanded claydite will take about 3-4 minutes. In the process of performing the work, the consistency of the composition is carefully monitored. The quality solution can have the form of plasticine or sour cream of a thick consistency. If necessary, it is necessary to add water to reduce the density. When getting a more liquid consistency than prescribed by the instruction, such concretes are simply mixed after a short settling. To obtain more uniform concrete, dry mixing is used, that is, only dry components are taken, and then water is added and blending is performed.
Use of ready-made expanded clay concrete
After the work on laying and leveling the solution of claydite and concrete, it is necessary to allow the surface to dry for 1-2 days.
To start pouring concrete, after finishing the preparation of the mixture, prepare buckets with shovels, or flexible hoses to transport the solution. A ready mix of expanded clay concrete is transported using hoses, through which the solution comes under the influence of compressed air. Small portions of the solution are fed through a rubber hose under pressure to the place where the layers of expanded clay are laid. In the presence of a damper, the working pressure is diluted and the solution is poured into small portions on the floor inside the room.
After all the work on laying and leveling the claydite concrete solution, the surface is left for a day or two, then the hardened surface can be walked, but the longer the surface dries, the more reliable and stronger becomes the floor covering.
Claydite not only improves the quality of floor screeds, but also is an excellent material for the insulation of floors in the room.
The solution, which came from the absorber, must be evenly distributed throughout the floor of the room to the required mark. With the help of light compacting fill with claydite concrete every irregularity, while ensuring the presence of additional heat insulation of pipelines and heating.
Since a claydite-concrete solution retains the required viscosity for a short time, it is used during the pouring of the floors immediately after the preparation of the mixture. In this case, pre-assembled sealed formwork for pouring.
For the production of expanded clay blocks with the use of special forms for pouring concrete, they are installed on pallets, and in the process of pouring they use shovels or buckets. To the poured concrete it is impossible to apply any mechanical influences, therefore it is left to full hardening for a day or two, and then the formwork is removed from the blocks. When all works on keramzitobetonnoy preparation are made, perform preliminary work on the preparation of cement-sand screed.
To level the expanded clay it is necessary to use a dry mix. For this, it is necessary to add water to the mixture until the solution becomes viscous and uniform.
For quality ramming and leveling of expanded clay it is used dry, not wet. In the prepared solution with expanded clay, water is added until it becomes viscous and uniform. Solution M100 is taken in relation to one part to three or four parts of expanded clay. When mixing, it is necessary to follow his faction. This brand of the solution will prevent the appearance of cracks as a result of the overabundance of cement. To prevent the appearance of splits in the screed, water is taken in not very large quantities. At the same time, the size of the settlement pie of the cement screed should be more than 10-12 centimeters.
The implementation of a two-layer screed is necessary if there are large differences on the base where the future screed will be laid, if the horizontal is observed throughout the area at a level of ten centimeters or more. To qualitatively carry out all work on the installation of floor screed with expanded clay and normal cement mortar, it is necessary to follow the instructions below, carefully observing all proportions:
- Mix claydite with the solution with a mixer or electric drill with a mixer nozzle.
- Beginning the preparation of the second layer of screed, knock down all the protruding sharp parts on the floor. The grooves are compared with the common floor base.
- Lay polyethylene film for waterproofing. You can use a waterproofing or liquid mastic.
- To produce an isolation board, fix it with adhesive tape all around the perimeter. You can raise the material higher than the level of the screed.
- To lay, if necessary, masonry nets.
- After filling with claydite and leveling, wait two or three hours until all the water is absorbed into the expanded clay, and start installing beacons that are metal slats or profiles.
- Pour the main layer of the final solution of the leveling cement-sand screed, for strength add plasticizer, preventing the appearance of cracks. The thickness of the layer should be about 40-50 centimeters per mixture of gypsum plaster and tile adhesive.
- Leave the ready-made screed for a month.
- Regularly wet the surface of the floor with water to avoid cracks.
In this way, you can save money by reducing the total load on the floor slabs. This technology, with its strict observance, allows not only to make the floor a new and high-quality, but also to get a lighter screed, compared to other types that have high sound and heat insulation.
Expanded clay concrete - is a building material widely used in construction, in the composition of expanded clay, in addition to cement is added, as is clear from the name of the claydite.
This is a light type of concrete. The production of claydite concrete is usually made in concrete plants, but it can also be produced on the construction site, during construction. Of course, in terms of quality, expanded clay produced at the plant has better characteristics, because the rules of production technology, exact proportions of all additives and components are strictly observed there. Due to this, the structure of the produced product at the plant is the same throughout the volume, which ultimately affects its characteristics in large part.
Properties of expanded clay concrete
Because of the claydite, the properties of claydite concrete, obtained in the end, have not high strength and good thermal insulation. In this connection, claydite concrete, is used in the construction of structures with not too heavy loads, for example, enclosing or heat-insulating structures, as well as in the construction of various additional structures.
Application keramzitobetona
Due to its thermal insulation characteristics and its structure, claydite concrete has found wide application in the creation of a layer of thermal insulation during the construction of a flat roof, since there are no additional loads on the roof, this material is excellent.
Grades of expanded clay concrete
There are several types of claydite concrete: M50; M100; M150; M200; M250.
Each type of claydite concrete is used for certain purposes, claydite-clay M100 grade is used for screeding and erection of lightweight overlays. Claydite concrete of grades M150 and M200 is used for the production of expanded clay blocks that can be used for erection of walls and various partitions. Mark keramzitobetona, depends on the proportions of all components that lead into the composition of such concrete.
Preparation of expanded clay concrete
From the required grade of expanded clay, the proportions of the constituent components depend. The production of claydite concrete begins from the amount of claydite 0.5 - 0.7 m3 and 1.3-1.5 kg of sand and concrete mixture (sand concrete) of the brand M300. The solution includes components such as water, sand and Portland cement.
The lightness of such concrete is ensured by a small density of expanded clay concrete included in the mixture. The density of expanded clay ranges from 250 to 600 kg / m3, for comparison, the density of crushed rock is a component of ordinary heavy concrete, about 2000 kg / m3.
Proportion of expanded clay concrete
For the preparation of claydite concrete it is necessary to observe the correct proportions of all the ingredients that make up the composition, the proportions will vary depending on the strength requirements. When constructing any structure, the required grade of expanded clay concrete should be determined, which would meet all possible loads. Mark keramzitobetona, depends on the amount of cement in the cement, and this affects its strength, the more cement, the greater the strength, the greater the cost of expanded clay concrete. But with an increase in the amount of cement and an increase in strength, the thermal insulation of expanded clay is reduced.
And so, it is clear that the strength of claydite concrete depends as well as the strength of other concretes. For the preparation of one cubic meter (1m ^ 3) of claydite concrete, it will be required:
- for the preparation of claydite concrete of M75 brand it will take about 270-280 kg of cement, with activity of 300-400.
- for the preparation of claydite concrete of M100 grade it will take about 320-325 kg of cement, with the same activity.
The cost of expanded clay concrete
Mark keramzitobetona - the determining factor of the cost keramzitobetona. But the price also depends on the distance of delivery, and the amount of claydite concrete, as with the purchase of any building materials in large quantities, the price can be reduced by providing a discount to the client. The price for claydite-concrete of M100 grade usually starts from 3400 - 3600 rubles. per cubic meter. The price of expanded clay M150 3700-3800 p. per cubic meter. The price of mark М200 3800 -3900 р. per cubic meter. The price of the brand of expanded clay M250 is 3900-4000 rubles. for one cubic meter.
Comments:
- Binder for expanded clay concrete
- Water for mixing
Keramzitobeton, the proportions of which must be kept in mind when preparing, is a high-quality building material. It managed to gain popularity in the market due to its properties, comparable to ceramic traditional brick. The houses are warm and comfortable, the blocks can be easily made by hand, which only reduces the cost of work while maintaining high quality products.
Proportions for the production of claydite concrete
The composition includes directly expanded clay, quartz sifted sand, Portland cement, an additive in the form of wood tar. The compulsory component is pure water. The proportions that are used to mix the mixture may vary. Their selection depends on the required density, brand of concrete. The proportions of claydite concrete are selected for each case individually.
A mixture of ordinary expanded clay with a density of 1000 kg / m³ contains:
- portland cement - 250 kg;
- clean water - 100-150 liters;
- expanded clay - 720 kg (or 1.2 m³).
A solution with a density of 1500 kg / m³ has:
- PC M400 - 430 kg;
- expanded clay with a fraction of 5-10 mm - 720 kg (or 0.8 m³);
- quartz sifted sand - 420 kg;
- cool clean water - 140 liters.
The consumption is given per cubic meter of the finished mixture, the CPU is used for the M400 grade. The strength of the filler used is class P150-200 with compression ratios in B20. The composition can be added and other substances, but in fact it is used rarely, more often in the factory. For independent preparation of blocks the classical structure in the form of PC, claydite, water, sand is used.
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Binder for expanded clay concrete
How to make claydite concrete yourself? The composition is reminiscent of the usual one, only claydite and claydite sand are added. As an astringent, which is the bulk, is a quality Portland cement grade M400, the amount of pozzolaniziruyuschih additives in which the minimum. Plasticizers for work in this case are not used.
You can use slagportland cement and pozzolan cement, but this is determined by experience. If confidence in the suitability of this mixture is not, it is better not to engage in experiments, and use proven compositions and proportions. The problem is that it is these substances, together with the dust contained in the clay, that can cause a decrease in water resistance, air resistance of building blocks.
When composing a mixture, it is necessary to carefully observe the amount of cement, as increasing its volume leads to an increase in the weight of the material, although strength is increased. If weight is important, then it is necessary to determine the "golden" middle, when these indicators perfectly match with each other. That's why the use of portland cement of M400 grade is recommended.
It is better to use hydrophobic binder after heat treatment, it is possible to include alitic cements with tricalcium silicate in an amount of 45%, tricalcium aluminate in an amount of 10-12%.
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Water for mixing
The composition of expanded clay aggregate necessarily contains water, as well as any other construction mixture. The liquid should be taken only drinking, which has no impurities. This will make gripping and hardening correct, the material will turn out to be quality, durable, durable.
In any case, it is impossible to use sewage contaminated with building impurities to prepare the solution. Do not use sea water, as on the surface after drying will remain salt fading.
For the production of expanded clay concrete, one must take clean cool water by oneself if the work is carried out in the summer hot season. Too cold a liquid should not be, the minimum temperature is + 15 / + 18 0 С. In the winter time, specialists are not advised to perform concrete works, but if there is no possibility to wait, the blocks are formed in a warm room, the water is heated slightly for the preparation of the solution.
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Fillers for expanded clay concrete
To produce expanded clay, various fillers are used. This is not only claydite sand, but also quartz sifted, large aggregates, for example, gravel. Expanded clay is the main ingredient in the mixture. It is a porous artificial material, which is made from clayey fusible rocks by firing.
For light types of concrete, this material is the best option, since it has a porous structure, its surface is strong. The porosity level is approximately 70%, and the pores are up to 1 mm in size. Claydite provides remarkable soundproofing, heat-protective properties, concretes on its basis are durable, light, warm, perfectly suitable for the construction of low-rise country houses.
The form of the filler can be different, today it is possible to divide the expanded clay into such varieties:
- Gravel with an angular or rounded shape, the surface is melted.
- Crushed stone, which has an irregular angular shape, the surface is rough, open pores, there is a porosity.
Expanded clay aggregate can be divided into 12 separate grades, but only 2 classes are used for strength: A, B. Water absorption of gravel is 25% per hour to 400 marks, 20% for grades 450-600, up to 15% for brands 700-800. The material can withstand 15 freezing cycles, weight loss is up to 8%. Usually, to make a mixture under claydite concrete, claydite of 5-10 mm fractions and sand are used. Sand mixture is a material with a fraction up to 5 mm, it is divided into 3 groups:
- large, the grain size for which is 1.2-5 mm;
- fine, the grain size is up to 1.2 mm;
- private, the grain size is up to 5 mm.
When preparing the mixture, it must be remembered that the sand prepared on the basis of expanded clay is characterized by the adsorption of a high level in relation to the astringent, water, therefore, it is necessary to observe the proportion of the preparation, do not change it.
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Technology of claydite concrete production
Making claydite-concrete by one's own hands is not a difficult process. To make similar blocks, it is necessary to prepare:
- concrete mixer, the volume of which is about 130 liters;
- trough, which will pour out the ready-made mixture;
- expanded clay, whose fraction is 5-10 mm;
- cement mixture;
- sifted building river sand without inclusions of clay;
- plasticizer (it is possible to replace it with usual soap in liquid form);
- clean, cool water, but not technical, but drinking.
The concrete formulation is the following (based on 130 l):
- pure drinking water - 5 liters;
- portland cement - 8 liters (dry mixture);
- liquid soap - 70 g;
- building cleaned sand - 30 liters;
- expanded clay - 30 liters.
In the concrete mixer, first you need to pour water, then add liquid soap (plasticizer), sand. Mass should be carefully stirred, add gradually expanded clay, dry cement. When agitating the expanded clay mixture must be completely covered with cement mortar, the mixture itself is homogeneous, perfectly blended.
It takes about 7 minutes for one batch, it is impossible to mix the solution too long, since its quality deteriorates. As a result, you get a mass that resembles thick sour cream, no lumps or too much fluidity should not be.
The shape of the blocks can be different, today they can be bought in ready-made form or collected independently from a removable formwork. Forms can be integral, have multiple voids, complex configuration, it all depends on their future use. The simplest form is the formwork. For this, a moisture-resistant plywood is used, from which a rectangular construction of the required dimensions is knocked off.
After the preparation of claydite concrete and its pouring, the molds can be put 3 in height for drying. To avoid excessive drying of the material, it is necessary to water the first days of the mold, for the convenience of using an ordinary garden hose. Some experts even advise a little to stretch the maturing process, for which the material should be moistened a couple of weeks in a row to improve its quality.
If the work is carried out with a time limit, then do not moisten the concrete for a long time. In this case, even after 3-5 days after filling, the blocks can be removed from the molds, used for laying walls. A full set of strength will occur within 28 days.
Keramzitobeton is a modern popular enough material, based on a mixture of cement and expanded clay. The blocks are durable, lightweight, durable, with excellent thermophysical properties. If necessary, they can be prepared by hand, the proportions are simple, normal components are used for manufacturing.
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Time passes, building technologies and materials are being improved in order to improve the comfort of people living in future buildings.
Expanded clay concrete This is one of the varieties of lightweight concrete, which is often used for the construction of small buildings (both residential and commercial). Claydite concrete can be purchased in construction stores, and also made by oneself, which is much more reliable and cheaper.
It has several advantages:
- A small mass (in comparison with other building materials);
- Strength (withstands light and medium designs);
- Excellent sound and heat insulation;
- Not subject to deformation;
- Resistant to fluctuations in temperature, humidity, not spoiled by the influence of weather conditions.
Ceramsite concrete - the composition of this building material
If you, after all, decided that you will do keramzit concrete yourself, then you need to prepare everything you need, in advance, in order to avoid trouble and inaccuracies.
What materials are needed to make claydite concrete yourself?
- Concrete mixer in volume from 200 liters;
- Trough or other container for the finished mixture (volume - not less than that of a concrete mixer);
- Cement M400;
- Expanded clay with a fraction of about 5-10;
- Pure sand;
- Plasticizer (you can use ordinary soap (liquid) or powder for washing clothes);
Expanded clay aggregate - proportions
As in any business, in order to make something, you need to know the correct proportions and adhere exactly to them. Only in this way you can make high-quality claydite concrete, which will become a reliable basis for the walls of the house.
The solution for self-made claydite concrete should have the following proportion: 1 part of cement, 8 parts of expanded clay and 3 parts of sand. It will also require water (250-300 liters per cubic meter) and a plasticizer - 50-60 grams per 200 liters.
This is the average proportion of expanded clay concrete, which can be easily manufactured in a short time. When manufactured in such proportions, as a result you will get an average density of expanded clay aggregate, which will be well used. In the event that you need expanded claydite concrete, then for its preparation you can use expanded clay gravel.
How to prepare claydite concrete with your own hands?
In the production of claydite concrete, the technology is very important, so we recommend that you fully adhere to the stages of work and follow the instructions.
There are two ways of making expanded clay concrete: dry and wet. Each of them will be described below. At once it is necessary to note that the "dry" method is more reliable, especially for those who will first deal with such a thing as preparing claydite concrete with their own hands. All the dry components are poured into the concrete mixer: cement, sand and, in fact, expanded clay. All this is thoroughly mixed, and after that water is poured. The second way: first a cement mortar (cement, sand and water) is prepared, and only after that, controlling the density of what is obtained, the expanded clay is filled. In this case, it is very difficult to avoid the occurrence of small lumps and clots.
It should be noted that claydite concrete in the end should be obtained as thick as fatty sour cream. If suddenly the result does not please you, the claydite concrete turned out to be too liquid, then you need to give it time to stand up for a while, then continue making.
Ready mixture should be applied immediately, so that its properties do not evaporate. If you immediately fill the floor or walls, then beforehand, worry about the formwork and its 100% tightness. If you decide to make expanded clay blocks, then the resulting solution should be poured into the mold using shovels and other devices convenient for you. Usually the drying of such blocks takes about 2-3 days.
Ceramsite is a good building material, so it's worth trying to make it right. Remember, this directly affects the comfort of your home!
A distinctive feature of the screed from claydite concrete is the use for its pouring of expanded clay. This feature lies in the name of such a screed for its production is used ordinary cement concrete and expanded clay of the desired fraction.
Keramzitobeton is made of expanded clay, light, ecological, warm and at the same time durable material. By arranging the screed of claydite concrete, it is possible to obtain sufficiently warm floors without loading the overlap structure with excessive weight, as in the case of using ordinary concrete based on sand and cement for screeding. It is important that the material for the screed can be prepared at home, it is fairly easy to produce expanded clay concrete by oneself.
Screeds of expanded clay are many times better than cement screeds in many respects. First of all, by mass and heat resistance. But noise insulation, too, should not be forgotten. Expanded clay granules are solid outside and porous inside, which provides tightness to the screed and at the same time soundproofing.
Keramzit concrete with own hands, proportions
For the production of expanded clay in the home, you will need the tools and tools necessary to produce conventional concrete mixers with a volume of about 200 liters (maybe less). A building trough where it will be necessary to pour ready concrete after mixing. The volume of the trough should not be less than the volume of the concrete mixer.
Of the materials for the preparation of expanded clay concrete will require cement grade 400, expanded clay fraction 5-10. You will also need a plasticizer, which may be a liquid soap or a laundry detergent and you will need sand that is not large in size, clean without silt.
Expanded clay concrete
The ratio of the volume parts of the ingredients for expanded clay concrete. Keramzit concrete proportions:
- Cement 1 part
- Expanded clay 8 parts
- Sand 3 parts
- Water 200-300 liters per cube, depending on the moisture content of the materials
- Washing powder 50 grams per concrete mixer
Manufacturing
The production of expanded clay is slightly easier than foam concrete blocks and does not require special knowledge and technology. First you need to prepare an astringent solution. Turn on the mixer and add water. Then add the cement and afterwards add the sand in the required proportions. Thoroughly mix the solution in the concrete mixer.
Then pour out the necessary amount of expanded clay in the concrete mixer and monitor the mixing process. Consistency of ready-mixed concrete should be similar to thick sour cream or clay. Therefore, during mixing, it is necessary to monitor and, if necessary, add water. If the solution is too liquid, you need to give the concrete a little bit of rest and continue mixing.
It is possible to apply dry mixing at first mixing of dry components and only then water is added to the mixture with subsequent mixing in a concrete mixer. Thus, it is easier to obtain a homogeneous mixture and to monitor the consistency of expanded clay concrete.
Use the ready-made concrete for a short time immediately after preparation, while the required viscosity remains and the fractions of the components do not settle. If you use ready-made material for pouring floors, slabs or walls, you must prepare the formwork in advance and ensure their tightness.
If you make claydite blocks, then you need to place the prepared forms on a pallet and fill with a shovel or bucket into the molds. It is necessary to give the poured concrete to survive some time without application to concrete of mechanical influences. Usually it is about two days after which the formwork or molds for blocks can be removed.
How to make a screed
First you need to prepare materials and tools. It will take all that is used for pouring ordinary screed plus expanded clay, the amount of which must be provided based on the proportions of expanded clay concrete.
It is necessary to determine the height of the floor in advance, since the material of the future floor covering in adjacent rooms influences the height of the screed. The height of the screed is taken in consideration of the thickness of the facing material, whether it is tile or parquet. After the future level of the floor is determined, it is necessary to mark the level on the walls using the rule and level to draw a line on the wall in a circle.
It is necessary to take care of the elementary waterproofing by laying a layer of cellophane film on the floor. Now you can proceed to pouring. There are two options for further action. It is possible to mix kneaded claydite in a trough and lay it directly on the floor.
You can apply another, easier way to fill the area with dry claydite and spill it with a completely liquid mortar based on cement and sand. The second method is more preferable, since it takes less time to implement and less material costs.
