The fundamental basis of the house, including the cottage type, is the base, which stabilizes the position of the structure relative to the ground. Its device is not very wide. Existing types can be counted on the fingers on one hand. For the way they look, you can see on the photo of the foundations of private houses.
What is the foundation of a private house
Column foundation
The easiest way to organize a foundation, providing for the support of the house on the pillars. It can be:
- reinforced concrete pillars, dug in the ground;
- filled reinforced concrete wells in the ground;
- metal pipes filled with concrete;
- wooden poles for light structures.
The posts are located along the perimeter of the building, as well as in the places of the inner bearing walls, at equal distances from each other. Ideally, the support should go to the ground, if we talk about the European part of Russia in the middle band, more than 1.5 m, to reach the most stable non-freezing soil layers.
The house on the columnar foundation stands above the ground. The gap between the surface of the earth and the lower plane of the house is covered with decorative finishing materials.
Huts in the recent past were built on wooden supports. In any village you can see what happens to such houses over time: the ground under some pillars sags, somewhere the tree decays - the structure begins to slope in different directions, transferring the weight to the functioning bases, the window and door openings are deformed, the floor descends from the porch.
Reinforced concrete poles make the structure more stable than those that stand in the villages. However, because of their durability and stability, they are inferior to other types of bases. On the other hand, the columnar variant is the most economical both for the material used and for labor.
An improved view of this foundation is columnar-roverhead. It differs from the usual variant in that the building does not stand directly on poles, but on grillage - reinforced concrete beams 40 x 40 cm, supported by poles. This option is more stable in time: the load is distributed evenly by the grill. In cases when any of the poles ceases to fulfill its function, the grillage redistributes the load to the rest of the supports.
Pile foundation
The pile foundation for a private house is not the same as piles for multi-storey construction. In the latter, very long reinforced supports are used, which can withstand fantastic loads. Speaking of private houses, the piles are more modest:
- reinforced concrete factory;
- of metal pipes, filled with concrete;
- screw metal piles.
Despite the fact that the pile variant looks like a columnar one, it is distinguished by a great "fundamentalism". Piles length 2.5 m thoroughly drive into the ground special machines. Due to the involvement of technical means, the price of the issue is increasing. However, the pile foundation is very stable and stable. Its ideal application is high standing groundwater, the passage of weak surface soils for anchoring in harder rocks.
Julia Petrichenko, Expert
Ribbon foundation
The belt version is the most used type of foundation. Composition:
- sand pillow;
- monolithic foundation or prefabricated trapezoidal plates - both of them distribute the load to the ground evenly over a considerable area;
- monolithic concrete strip or prefabricated concrete blocks.
Ideally, the concrete strip is laid to the depth of soil freezing - 1.5 m and more. The undoubted advantage of a deep foundation is the possibility of organizing a basement and an underground garage in the house. In this case, for better waterproofing it is better to use a monolithic concrete pouring, produced directly on the site of construction. For greater strength, the ribbons are reinforced with iron reinforcement during the pouring process. The high cost of such construction is obvious: a large amount of material is required, as well as a technique, a professional team for carrying out work.
You can save two or three times, by making a shallow foundation strip - 0.5 m. However, this possibility exists only in the area where the soil is stable during the transition from cold to warm season, and the groundwater flows deep.
Tape foundation requires a minimum of 20-30-centimeter asphalt or concrete blind area to protect against precipitation.
Tiled foundation
The most fundamental of all types of foundations - tiled - allows you to evenly distribute the load from the structure to its entire area. At the same time, the weight of the slab is so great that no processes occurring in the soil can affect its integrity and position. Of course, if we do not take extreme cataclysms, for example, earthquakes, which on the territory of our country does not happen.
Tiled version requires excavation of the excavation. Its depth will be determined by the presence or absence in terms of construction of the basement and its height. The foundation itself, including the slab, consists of the following layers:
- Leveling layers: sand, gravel, crushed stone (height 30-50 cm).
- Waterproofing material.
- Layer of concrete.
- Reinforcement.
- Pouring the foundation pit with concrete.
- Reinforcement.
- Layer of concrete.
The height of the slab itself can be up to 1 m.
The plate must necessarily be a monolithic whole. For large houses, the cost of such a foundation can be very high. The main advantage of this option: the tile base is practically eternal.
What influences the choice of the type of foundation
The foundation performs two functions:
- Bearing support for the structure.
- Stabilization of the position of the structure in the ground.
In accordance with the dual functionality of the foundation, we must consider the choice of one or another type in the relevant two aspects:
- The nature of the house being erected.
- The behavior of the soil at the site of the structure.
At the same time, in the first aspect, we will include the financial component of the project as having a direct bearing on the nature of the construction.
- When choosing the basis of a house, it is advisable to begin with a study of the nature of the structure proposed for the erection. Rank the buildings according to the heaviness of the structures and determine the optimal foundation types for them (Table 1). These compliance data are general in nature and may vary in one direction or another depending on the soil.
- For the selection of the foundation, the soil is described by two categories: density and mobility. The first category is related to the composition of the land. The second - with the presence of water in it, which during the transition from liquid to crystalline state expands in volume, leading the soil into motion. It is obvious that it is more reliable to build a house on a dense and dry land than on a loose one with a nearby river running. The most stable base is rock and permafrost, for which a foundation is not needed in principle.
We rank the soils by the load, which they can carry for each square meter, starting with the most stable.
- Rocky soil: up to 300 tons.
- Large-scale soils (pebbles, gravel): 40-50 tons.
- The sands are small, medium and large: 20-35 tons.
- Clay soils are solid: 10-30 tons.
- Sands saturated with water: 10 tons.
- Clay soils are soft: 4-8 tons.
The main type of soil in the European part of Russia is loams of varying degrees of density. The average load that such soils can carry is 10-20 tons per 1 sq. M. The average weight is 1 sq.m. brickwork in 2.5 bricks is about 1 ton.
Density and mobility of soil in one or another area imposes restrictions on the use of certain types of foundations. Loamy soils are usually mobile. When planning, it should be borne in mind that the load of the house should fall on dense layers of non-freezing land.
The columnar foundations are used with caution in conditions of not very stable soil. It is better to abandon it if the soil is characterized by mobility. Although the cost and relative ease of execution make this type of framework for many attractive.
The tape type, as a rule, seems to be the most optimal. On the other hand, if the soil freezes by 2 meters, which is not uncommon for many regions of Russia, the cost of such construction increases astronomically. In this case it is more rational to use the pile foundation, or, if the financial side is not so important, put the slab.
Pile technology is well developed and often applicable. It can be implemented in almost any, even in the most problematic, soil. Requires the use of special equipment.
Few can afford a tile base. For very large houses, its cost goes beyond all reasonable limits. For small buildings, the expediency of pouring a meter-thick concrete slab can be objectively caused by the weight and high-rise level of the house. Tiled foundation is the most stable and durable.
A universal type of foundation should be recognized as a pile variant. It is optimal in terms of cost, labor and can be applied universally. The use of other options is determined by the availability or lack of additional financial opportunities.
What type of foundation did you use to build your house? Maybe you know the factors not mentioned in this article, which influence the choice of the basis of a private house? Tell us about your experience in the comments.
- Column foundation
- Block foundation
- Pile foundation for home
- The foundation of compressed air
Before starting construction it is important to choose the type of foundation that will serve as a reliable basis for any residential building. It is the foundation that takes over and distributes all the loads from the building, protects the house from the negative effects of ground moisture, sudden temperature changes, severe shrinkage that can destroy the walls of the building. So what are the foundations and what exactly do they differ from each other? Today, modern construction technologies involve the use of different materials and technique of foundation construction.
The foundation is a solid foundation for an apartment building.
Belt foundation: what is its difference?
Tape foundation - this is one of the simplest options, which is characterized by economy and reliability. It is great for building a holiday home. The design is a tape, which is arranged around the perimeter of the entire building and under its walls. Such tape is of shallow and deep laying, most often it is made from monolithic concrete, which is reinforced with metal rods, but can be used for the construction of brick, foundation blocks.
Belt base is erected simply and quickly. It is enough to dig a trench along the perimeter of the building and under the bearing walls. Its width depends on the thickness of the walls of the building. The depth of occurrence is from 60 cm, can reach 1-1.5 m. Above the ground level the foundation stands at least 30 cm, sometimes this figure slightly increases.
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Column foundation
The columnar type of the foundation is used if the soils on the plot are complex or the loads from the building itself are not so large. The column foundation is a support poles or columns that penetrate into the ground.
From the top at a distance of 30 cm from the ground level, a bandage or grillage is made, which serves as the basis for the ground floor of the house.
Supports can be made from a wide variety of materials, including steel, reinforced concrete, asbestos cement columns, supports from blocks, bricks, wooden columns. All of them are located along the perimeter of the future building, in the corners, under the bearing walls. The step of such columns can not be large, it is recommended to do about 2 m. The type of columns and the depth of their occurrence depend on the characteristics of the soil, the planned loads from the construction of the house, the building material that is used during the work.
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Block foundation
What materials are best used to quickly build a reliable and durable foundation? Blocks FBS, that is reinforced concrete foundation blocks of special wall type. They are integral, that is, they have no holes, which increases their bearing capacity.
All used foundation blocks are divided into several varieties:
- U-shaped, that is, blocks of FBP;
- blocks VBW, that is, with special technological holes;
- FL - special pillow blocks.
Dimensions of the blocks that are produced today are standard, which makes the work easier, but if necessary, the material is easily sawn. This allows you to obtain the required shape and dimensions. Lay the foundation blocks, observing the rules of conventional brickwork with the seaming of the adjacent rows, which is necessary for the correct orientation of the individual elements relative to each other. It is important to lay out the first row of blocks correctly, observing the horizontality of the entire installation area.
What masonry solutions are suitable in this case?
It is, of course, possible to apply sand-cement masonry mortar, the components of which will be cheaper. The amount of expenses will depend on the correct selection and dosage of all the ingredients.
To facilitate the work, you can use a concrete mixer to mix the mortar. A special glue, on which you can also stack blocks, is more expensive, but it is simple and reliable in work.
As a result, higher quality masonry is provided. Dry mixtures are also applicable, they are diluted with water in the proportions indicated by the manufacturers.
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Pros and cons of foundation blocks
What is the popularity of foundation blocks, which are often used today to build the foundations of a house? This is facilitated by the numerous advantages of the material, among which it should be noted:
- speed of construction of the base for the house. All the blocks simply fit in the required form, they do not need special processing, surface leveling. As a result, it turns out, which is preliminarily cut to improve the assembly;
- high reliability. All foundation blocks are produced only in the factory conditions, taking into account the observance of the technology, which can not be compared with independent mixing of the solution;
- universality. Foundation blocks are great for building a base of almost any type with the preservation of the highest strength and quality. Blocks can be used for the construction of a tape, slab base, for a small country cottage or a large apartment building. At the same time, the technology remains simple and accessible;
- easy installation. All blocks that are used to build the base have special metal "ears", which provide a quick mechanical supply of material to the pit. There are also grooves that make the docking of the blocks when laying tight and reliable;
- blocks can be used for almost any soil. They are suitable even for icy and very acidic soils, which quickly destroy other building materials. It is only necessary to choose the right foundation blocks, which will correspond to future operating conditions.
But not everything is as good as it might seem. Blocks have drawbacks, like any other construction material. Among the minuses:
The slag block is a reliable construction for its application in construction, which has low thermal conductivity, good frost resistance and high hydrostability.
- high cost, which distinguish the foundation blocks from other materials. Prefabricated plate or tape foundation of this type can cost about 35% more expensive than conventional monolithic. Although the speed of construction, reliability and sustainability often completely outweigh this negative point;
- low hydroprotection. When installing FBS units, it is absolutely necessary to arrange a waterproofing from a double layer of roofing material. The base sole also needs waterproofing, since it absorbs moisture very much;
- if blocks are used during the construction of the foundation, it will be necessary to ensure protection of the joints from freezing, since it is these weak spots that can become a site of heat losses. This is done with the help of ordinary foam, but for the thermal insulation will require additional costs.
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Plate and bathroom foundation for the house
Plinth type of the foundation of the house is both the simplest and most expensive kind of foundation. It is used when large concentrated loads are planned when assembling columns. Features of the structure - this digger excavation, the device reinforcing belt, pouring the slab with concrete mortar.
The thickness of the plate is not very large, but the bearing capacity is quite high, such a foundation is considered to be one of the strongest. Of the minuses, it should be noted that after the device plate is not possible to build a basement. Such a defect is compensated. The cost of such a foundation is quite large, as it requires an impressive amount of concrete and reinforcing metal bars, but simplicity and reliability often outweigh this drawback.
Bathroom types of foundations are used if, in addition to the vertical conventional loads on the base of the house, there are also horizontal ones that arise at the water pressure. Such an effect is transmitted by the base plate and the basement walls, which, with the help of a special reinforcing belt, are firmly connected in a single and closed system, which is the foundation body.
A similar variant of the base for an apartment house is used if the construction is carried out on a marshy, water-bearing ground. When constructing such a foundation, all light-bearing layers break through to reach layers with a good bearing capacity, they are supported by the base.
The foundation of any building is the foundation. It carries all the loads of the erected object, and the proper service life of the building depends on the correct choice of the supporting structure, the quality of the foundation construction.
What is the foundation to install? - this question sets all individual developers, starting to build a house made of bricks, wood, expanded clay, gas silicate or other material. There are several types, which differ in the form and technology of stacking.
At construction of private households today construct the following:
- tape,
- columnar,
- pile,
- plate,
- screw.
Different types of foundations for the house has its own characteristics, each of them has pros and cons, taking into account which and choose a certain type of supporting structure for the construction site. Let's consider in more detail
In appearance, the ribbon foundation resembles a single canvas, which is laid under all walls. Rigid frame construction can be made of a monolith or concrete, in all areas it has the same thickness and shape. The support base can be poured directly on the construction site or collected from reinforced concrete blocks.
There are two types ribbon foundation - Prefabricated and monolithic.
- The prefabricated structure consists of concrete blocks, cemented together with each other. Elements are laid out along the perimeter under all walls on a special pillow made of fine gravel. In individual construction, blocks of 20x20x40cm and weighing about 30 kg are used to install the foundation, which makes it possible to produce installation work without the use of special equipment.
- Monolithic strip foundation is a continuous strip for the creation of which heavy concrete grades are used. The reinforcement is mandatory: rigid (longitudinal) and flexible (transversal and longitudinal simultaneously).
Given the depth of freezing of the ground, the strip foundation can be: shallow (up to 70 cm) and recessed. This separation creates mounting options at different depths, which is especially important when you have to perform work in sandy or loamy soils.
Technological process of erecting a strip foundation provides for earthwork. Trenches up to 80 cm wide dig with a reserve for formwork. The foundation is massive and durable, regardless of whether a monolith or blocks are applied to the concrete mix, strapped with metal wire and sealed at the seams.
Such a support can be quickly erected, but it will require considerable cost. For example, with a shallow groundwater table, additional measures will be needed to protect the structure.
Belt foundation is the most universal. It is chosen for the construction of light wooden buildings, as well as for the construction of cottages using heavy materials (stone, brick, expanded clay, slag blocks). He definitely prefers, when the project provides for the construction of several floors, basements, parking.
The depth of penetration is chosen taking into account the weight load. For example, a monolithic recessed design is suitable for heavy large-sized objects that have several floors.
The shallow depth option is ideal for a private house made of timber, the project of which will be generally less expensive compared to a brick building.
Features columnar foundation
- The main element columnar foundation there are pillars that are installed at a certain distance from each other in all corners and at the intersection of walls. They are digging under the walls, if the house has significant parameters along the length and width.
- Posts can be concrete or stone.
- On top of them lay a frame of reinforced concrete beam (grillage), which binds together and forms a single rigid structure.
- Elements are installed at a distance of 1-3 meters from each other. Such measures are necessary so that the load is optimally redistributed, and in case of installation in freezing soils, in this case shrinkage under the supports will be minimal.
- Pillars deepen into the ground literally half a meter, but at the same time they create either a cushion of small pebbles or they are poured with cement.
Such foundations are monolithic and prefabricated. The first option is set at a low level of groundwater (deeper than a meter). Under monolithic foundation It is necessary to drill holes in the ground. For reliability, the posts are reinforced with metal rods.
If you have to build an object on a site with high soil moisture, then select a prefabricated columnar foundation. On the site, all the poles are connected to a reinforced concrete slab, reinforced with a metal wire, and then the entire structure is installed in the finished form.
This type of foundation is not used in the construction of a heavy house made of stone or brick. It is not suitable for building a building on a surface with a complex terrain, since here the soils can be mobile.
But the columnar foundation is the best option for a house that has a relatively light weight - from wood, timber, aerocrete blocks. The installation of a supporting structure on a dense freezing soil guarantees the durability of construction and durability. Also, pillars can be used as support for rocky areas and where there is a danger of flooding.
Among other advantages of this type can be called the budget columnar foundation.
Features plate foundation
Device Diagram plate foundation
Plate foundation is reinforced concrete structure in the form of a strip installed along the perimeter of the construction site. Often it must be carried out from prefabricated beams, which must be very tightly joined. Plates have several protective layers of insulating and insulating materials. They are additionally reinforced with reinforcing bars, which are poured with concrete.
The construction of the slabs is erected on a flat relief. The foundation can be used on subsidence, friable and even humid soils, where the water level lies close to the surface. Because of this feature, the slab foundation is sometimes called "floating", because it is able to withstand the movement of soil in a vertical and horizontal position.
The house on the slab foundation does not shrink. Such a foundation is erected simply, but it turns out to be quite costly, since it requires a large amount of concrete and metal for the reinforcement. Costs are particularly significant if you have to install a buried foundation when building a heavy building or a house with cellars, ground floor, parking. For wooden buildings, lighter in weight, this option is optimal for all parameters.
Pile foundation features
The base of the pile foundation is the pillars with pointed ends. Elements of the structure are screwed into the ground to a certain depth, from above are connected with each other by concrete beams. Made of reinforced concrete, steel or wood, piles are capable of withstanding loads of up to 5, and in some cases up to 8 tons.
By the method of fixation, several types of piles are divided:
- solid,
- single,
- cluster,
- screw,
- chiselling.
The pile foundation has a high bearing capacity for unstable ground, with a close location to the surface of groundwater. It is often chosen at the construction of an object from a bar on problem areas.
The erection of a pile foundation requires considerable funds, because when carrying out work (drilling, slaughtering in the ground), it requires the involvement of professional equipment and specialists. Rise in price leads to the fact that this type of supporting structure when building a private house is not always beneficial and therefore is used infrequently. But in a number of cases, in particular, when building a building in hard-to-reach places (swampy soil on a site or a rocky hillock), such a foundation proves to be the most reliable.
In large-sized construction, the pile foundation fully justifies itself.
Screw foundation features
The most popular screw foundations
The main element of the screw foundation - steel pipe, having blades of a certain configuration. It is screwed into the ground to a certain depth: it passes a weak ground and is screwed into a dense layer. From above all the pillars are leveled and concreted, forming a single structure.
The screw foundation withstands large load-bearing loads and is often used in the construction of private cottages in areas with unstable ground or a complex landscape (slopes, stony territory). At the same time, its erection does not require the performance of excavations (leveling the territory, digging holes). Such a foundation is quickly erected, it can be built at any time of the year. The advantage is that screw piles can be used repeatedly if necessary.
However, when choosing this type of foundation, we must carefully calculate the weight of the building object, take into account the shrinkage index in the presence of a problem ground.
Criteria for choosing the foundation of the house
Regardless of the type of foundation, at the selection stage, a number of factors must be taken into account, which will avoid mistakes and, if necessary, adjust the design. Before starting work, it is necessary to conduct survey activities, determine:
- type of soil on the construction site and the depth of its freezing;
- level of groundwater occurrence;
- the relief of the site;
- weight of the building as a whole.
The received data will allow to estimate, what prevails a ground on a site, what load it is capable to sustain, where in the future building should be located heated and not heated premises. Equally important are the information on the mass of the building: how many floors are planned, what will be the premises (basement, parking, sauna, socle, etc.). The general picture of the information will lead to the choice of the optimal variant of the foundation.
Most often, when building a private house, preference is given to monolithic ribbon and slab foundation as more universal. Columnar and pile are preferred for the construction of light one-story buildings. But in each case it is necessary to take into account in the complex all the factors listed below.
According to the terms of erection, pile foundation is laid faster than others, because it does not require excavation, installation of formwork, etc.
In terms of cash, the most costly are slab, monolithic tape and screw foundations. Installation of pile and columnar is cheaper.
Collecting all the information and comparing the data for each of the species can be done right choice The foundation on which your new home will stand.
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The types of foundation for a private house are numerous. They differ from each other in the type of construction, the material from which they are made, and other parameters. It is from this design that the strength of the building depends, since it is the main load from the constructed walls.
Therefore, when choosing a certain type, you should carefully weigh all the advantages and disadvantages of various options for their erection.
Pile foundation is well suited for wooden structures
When building a new house, it is necessary to competently approach the choice of a particular type of foundation. It is one of the main constructive elements structure, therefore, having saved on its erection, you can get serious consequences in return: wall skew, excess material consumption, deformation in all directions, both vertical and horizontal. In addition, there may be cracks on the bearing walls of the building or an uneven sediment.
Among the numerous methods of erection, it is impossible to single out the best or worst option. Each of them has its own specific properties and is determined by the architectural features of the house, the total weight of the entire structure, the level of groundwater, the characteristics of the soil, the relief of the land on which the walls will be built, and the climate of the region. 
It is accepted to distinguish 5 types of foundation for a private house:
- tape;
- columnar;
- pile;
- plate;
- screw.
To determine the optimal type, it is advisable to seek professional advice from a specialist.
Tape
The erection of the belt foundation does not require preliminary preparation The general meaning of such constructions is a tape located at a certain depth, on which the main load falls. The canvas is supported by foundation plates, this allows even distribution of the load on the entire surface.
The advantage of this type of foundation is that for its erection it is not necessary to perform preparatory actions. Therefore, the specific simplicity of such foundations suggests that they are very relevant and allow you to start installing the walls in the shortest possible time.
Less is insufficient reliability and use mainly for one- or two-story buildings. Such a variety is actively used for the construction of private houses.
By design, the strip foundation can be conditionally divided into 4 categories:
- intermittent - separate walls of ribbons are installed under the bearing walls;
- hard - it is equipped with an additional reinforcing belt, it is used for the erection of large structures;
- monolithic - the easiest way. It is made in the form of continuous tape without breaks;
- flexible - continuous tape with an internal reinforcing strip.
According to the material of manufacture, they are divided into 3 types:
- butobeton - concrete with large particles of gravel, brick battle and small boulders;
- reinforced concrete and reinforcement - the uniqueness lies in the fact that now it is quite easy to buy the necessary quantities of metal and concrete for the installation of foundations of this type. They are built mainly for heavy buildings with a large area and thick walls;
- brick - is used in the case where there is no other option for mounting the formwork.
The advantage of the basement is that it can be used as the walls of the basement, but you should be guided by the ratio of their thickness, the width of the basement basement and the foundation, as well as the depth of the basement, indicated in the table.
Columnar
The posts are installed in the places of maximum loads The pillar foundation for a private house consists of a certain systematic arrangement of pillars. Basically, it uses bout, stone or brick. The interval between them should not exceed 1.5 m, and the arrangement is adjusted depending on the design features of the future structure and the location of its bearing walls.
Piles are mainly installed in the most critical places, which have the maximum loads (at corners, at the intersection of walls). In the upper part, the vertical posts are connected by straps.
The pillar foundation is ideal for light soil The main features of such structures can be distinguished by the fact that they are ideally suited for light soil, not subject to movement and associated with fluctuations in the earth's crust or the effect of sharp changes in the temperature regimes of the region. In addition to the foundations of this type, we can say the following:
- easy installation and low cost of installation;
- ideal for wooden, timber, panel and frame buildings;
- no installation of a waterproofing layer is required.
The simplest and most widely used method of installing a columnar foundation is monolithic. It is made by drilling wells, reinforcing with metal rods and pouring a concrete mixture.
The pile
If the types of foundations described above for a private house are distinguished by their ease of installation and relatively low cost, the pile view differs significantly in the opposite direction. The principle of its installation is as follows. In the ground, they drive or fall into pre-drilled holes of reinforced concrete piles. In this case, the upper part should be perfectly even. The slab is laid on it or a grill is made. The difference between the work of such a foundation is that all the load from the structure located on them lies on the rock, located much deeper, thereby compensating for possible ground motions.
Piles for this type are the main element on which the quality of the structure depends and the period of its operation. For their production, reinforced concrete or good steel is used. In some cases, the installation of wooden piles is practiced, but their service life is significantly reduced and is no more than 10 years. For more information on the types of pile foundations, see this video:
Advantages consist in saving materials during installation, small shrinkage and the possibility of using it on unstable soils. Among the shortcomings can be identified mandatory attraction drill and the need for accurate calculation.
Due to its design, the pile foundation has proven itself on unstable ground.
Plate
Plate foundation is intended for peat or clay soils A Swedish stove or a slab-mounted installation is the most massive and powerful kind of such structures. It surpasses other types of basement for a private residential house in that it has the property of moving, playing from the movement of the ground. The active use of such systems is carried out on peat or clay soils. Used to build a wooden, block or brick building.
The general sense is that a monolithic reinforced concrete slab is poured under the entire area of the future structure. Thus, the house will stand on a kind of pillow. Depending on the design features of the house there are several of this type:
- Finely-buried - located on a sand cushion, buried on the surface of the earth. Among the shortcomings is that the ability to make a basement or to bring under the floor of communication is missing.
- Deepened - located at the bottom of the excavated trench. On it is poured or laid out the wall, which serves as a socle, with the obligatory installation of waterproofing. Is an the best way further build a basement or an underground garage.
Modern technology involves the installation of a foundation with simultaneous warming of the floor.
Side and bottom of the plate is covered with expanded polystyrene, and in the upper part the "warm floor" is mounted.
In this case, the entire monolithic slab performs at once 3 functions:
- It serves as the foundation.
- Heated floor heating.
- Overlapping the first floor.
After the installation of the slab foundation is completed, it is possible to build the main walls of the house on it, and then lay the floor material.
Screw
Piles for screw base In recent years, the screw foundation is widely used for the construction of small private houses. The uniqueness, which distinguishes this kind of installation from all other kinds used for these structures, is that it requires exactly half the funds for its installation, than for the erection of a strip foundation. The basis is a screw pipe with blades screwed into the ground. The top of the posts is leveled in one plane and concreted.
The principle of installation is similar to the pile. The only difference is that special metal or galvanized screws are screwed into the ground. It is worth noting that this kind of construction of the base of the house in some cases is the only possible type of foundation under the building. For the disadvantages of screw piles, see this video:
Among the advantages are several facts:
- universality;
- low cost;
- simple installation, which you can do by yourself for 1 - 2 days;
- in this case, there is no need to withstand the design for draft.
Most often on screw piles put single-story houses In contradiction to the above, one can note that significant shortcomings did not allow screw foundations win wide popularity. Here are some of them:
- The design is not intended for the subsequent construction on their basis of brick or two-storey residential buildings. Mostly it is used for single-story frame or panel houses.
- The service life of metal is not as long as compared with concrete models (tape or pile).
- Each individual pile gradually gives a certain shrinkage, which becomes the cause of distortions and cracks.
Judging by the numerous reviews of the owners of houses built on pile foundation, this is not very good view grounds. All of them say that after a while after putting the building into operation piles are loosened and cease to be a solid foundation for the walls.
Despite the fact that there are many types of foundation for the house, monolithic tape systems are actively used. The application of columnar and pile technologies is mainly practiced for the installation of small single-storey houses with a small mass.
But, as stated earlier, when planning the construction of a private house, it is recommended that you turn to professionals to collect all the necessary information and make the appropriate calculations by picking up the best option the foundation for your building.