When you once noticed on the foundation of some destruction, you need to urgently begin to carry out work on its repair and strengthening.
For this, it is necessary to determine necessary materials, the sequence of works and their scope.
Owner brick house repair of the socle puts the following tasks:
- how to make the foundation more sound;
- how to prevent then various deformations of the soil next to it.
Why is the base plinth destroyed?
First of all, take control of the cracks, which appeared not only in the basement, but also in the foundation of the structure. Set a few markers across them, for example, from the inside of the base - beacons from alabaster or gypsum, with external - from the CSP (cement-sand mixture).
Watch them for about 20 days. If the markers are intact, just seal the cracks. In the same case, when they collapsed, it is necessary to understand the reasons for their appearance.
Only then can measures be taken that relate to repair work to stop future destruction. Work can be done with their own hands or invite builders with the necessary equipment.
If you notice that there are distortions in the doorway and window openings, or there is a deformation on the perimeter, you need to pay attention to this, as these processes indicate a dangerous condition of the base.
When the foundation is hidden from the visual inspection, and it is difficult to determine the reasons for the increase in cracks, it is necessary to drill the control pits. They will help understand the condition of the socle of the brick house and find out the causes of the deformation.
They can be divided into "man-made", appeared due to human actions, or natural.
Also deformations and cracks can arise in connection with:
- incorrect choice of location for construction, for example, groundwater levels were not taken into account;
- poor design - forgot about the drainage, not put the blind area, did not protect the base from moisture;
- problems encountered during the laying, for example, related to poor-quality building materials;
- planted close to home trees with a powerful root system;
- unaccounted vibration internal and external force during the operation of the house;
- artificial overmoistening of the soil along the perimeter of the structure.
Advice: use only a building brick for building a house, never use a hollow brick or silicate brick for the foundation.
It is recommended to use full-bodied ceramic for this.
Materials
The purpose of the repair of the socle is the installation of a fence outside the underground space. It must be strong enough and stable to withstand groundwater precipitation. Therefore, it is so necessary to choose the right building materials.
Natural:
- sandstone;
- shell rock;
- limestone;
- basalt;
- granite;
- silicate or red brick.
You can also use prefabricated or monolithic concrete, as well as solutions based on cement with:
- sand;
- sand and lime;
- sand and clay.
For the preparation of concrete mortar, prepare cement, gravel or crushed stone, sand and water (1: 3: 5: 1). Their number depends on the amount of work.
There is also a direct dependence of the thickness of the plinth on the material:
- brick - 120 mm;
- rubble stone - 200 mm;
- reinforced concrete - 100-120 mm.
Strengthening the foundation
The instruction for repairing the basement is reminiscent of the creation of an external reinforcing foundation.
- Start work from the control pits, when on the perimeter of the old foundation you need to dig a trench to its base.
Advice: to improve the quality and safety of the process, open up the old ground and bring a new small areas, approximately 1.5 m in increments of up to 4 m, while insuring the walls with wooden struts.
- Connect it to the fittings from the socket by welding or binding wire. The cell of the frame is 200х200х200 mm.
- Install the formwork in the trench, for example, from laminated plywood.
- Fill the carcass with concrete.
Tip: if you do not have time to do the work all along the perimeter of the foundation, do it in parts, i.e. While in one section the concrete freezes, collect reinforcing cage in a different.
Screw piles for repair
The price of such works will be considerable, therefore very rarely they are used for old foundations.
If there is sufficient material resources, then screw piles can be safely used instead of pneumatic equipment, as this will cause compaction of the ground, and not its loosening.
- On the perimeter of the old socle, dig a trench and set the piles to the required depth in its bottom.
- Fill them with concrete and tie the I-beam.
- Fasten the structure to the old socle with metal anchors and fill with concrete.
- Protect the reinforcing foundation with waterproofing.
Tip: make a drain if there is a threat of seasonal underflooding.
When the soil is too wet.
Usually from inside the socle, expand the ventilation holes in the basement.
Conclusion
Repair of the socle of the apartment building or private is necessary for many reasons, the main one of which is to protect the structure from complete destruction. Various methods and materials are used for this. In the video in this article you will find additional information on this topic.
Care of the foundation is to monitor their condition, to prevent and timely eliminate the causes that cause their destruction. For such reasons, low-quality laying of the foundation during construction, unqualified sections of the base with weak soil, lack of ventilation of the underground, lack of adequate drainage of water from the walls of the building and the presence of faulty water and sewage networks.
The current repair includes replacement of fallen stones, sealing of cracks,
restoration of damaged plaster, repair of slopes, repair and restoration of drainpipes.
After careful cleaning, the places of replacement are replaced with fallen stones, the cracks and seams are closed on a cement mortar with a composition of 1: 3 or 1: 5.
The blind area is restored and repaired, analyzing the damaged place with the seizure adjacent site at 10-15 cm. Cover the blind area with a proper deviation from the wall.
The plaster is repaired, discouraging the lagging part, cleaning and rinsing this place, which is then applied with a new plaster.
Capital repair of the foundation consists in replacing the old, broadening the sole, cracking the grout with cement mortar.
To replace the pillars, the building is hung up, lifting it with jacks. If the building is wooden, then immediately hang out the whole wall and install the supports. After hanging the building, they dismantle the socle and the vial between the poles or chairs and then tear the well to lay the new pillar.
The depth of its laying depends on the properties of the soil. When the soils are ground, the sole is laid below the freezing level of the soil. In cases of backfilling of the well with sand (the sand does not change the volume when frozen), the depth of the deposit is 1 m. In the soils of non-drifting, the foundation is laid to a depth of 0.7 m. In addition to rubble stone, a well-burned brick can be used. When laying the pillars, the cutoff of the foundation is not brought to the bottom crown by 5-6 cm. On the edge, a screed is laid from the cement slurry. On the screed lay a layer of waterproofing from roofing. The lower crown is antiseptic. In the gap between the masonry and the crown, the board, wrapped in tar, is firmly laid. After this, arrange the tubes in the order described above, and restore the base. Belt foundations are shifted by sections of 1-2 m in length. The building is upset (the jacks are removed) when the new masonry is sufficiently strong.
Work on changing foundations begins with the installation of supports - supports. After that, separate sections of the foundation are torn off and a horizontal penalty is punched to lay the unloading steel beam. In the upper part of the walls, where the supports are installed, through holes for punching steel beams break through. One end of the beam rests on the support, and the other on the racks installed inside the building; thus, the wall is suspended as it were on these beams.
The damaged foundation is dismantled by separate sections of 1.5-2 m long, leaving the fines in the old foundation. After disassembly and clearing of the site, a new masonry is carried out on a cement mortar, with a tight lining of the stones in the rows under the old masonry and podklinkoj stones of the upper row under the laid unloading beams, observing the dressing of the seams.
When overhauling foundations, special attention should be paid to the condition of the waterproofing. Its restoration is the most responsible and complex work. The foundations are replaced, as a rule, from the layers below the waterproofing to preserve it.
Especially responsible work in the installation of waterproofing of the basement walls. In these cases, the wall surface is cleaned of dirt, old mortar and plastered with cement mortar.
To better isolate the walls of the cellar from the groundwater from the outside of the building, a trench 25 cm wide is being dug, which is filled with clay mint.
Alexey Shamborskiy, August 10, 2015
The basement of the building is subject to the aggressive influence of many factors. It often needs repairs in most other areas. You can not delay it. After the destruction of the base reduces the durability of the entire structure.
To damage the plaster did not lead to the growth of mold and did not allow moisture to destroy the wall, you need to correct the situation and timely repair the socle of the building. As a rule, it consists in the restoration of joints, the new plastering of the hotel areas. Sometimes when repairing the basement of a brick house, you have to change individual bricks.
Step-by-step instruction
First, release the lower part of the wall from contact with the ground. To do this, use a shovel.
Then remove all fragments of plaster, which are kept poorly, we must try not to let the void, they can be revealed by tapping. All the rendered plaster is beaten with a hammer or chisel.
Then clean the surface of dirt and dust. To remove all remnants of plaster carefully, use a wire brush. How to perform this work, you can see the photo or video.
All surfaces that need to be protected from plaster, for example, window frames, must be pasted with paint tape. It will protect important areas from contamination.
Detected defects in the masonry before repairing the lining of the plinth of bricks are moistened. This is necessary to ensure a better contact plaster mixture with a surface.
To fill the existing voids, you should select the bricks of the appropriate size. You can cut from aerocrete blocks fragments of the right size.
The next stage of repairing the socle with its own hands is to fill the voids with prepared bricks and fix them with a mortar solution.
Before plastering the surface it should be thoroughly moistened. For this you can take a bucket and a brush, but it is easier and faster to moisten the wall with water from a hose.
Then a solution is prepared (waterproofing slurry) for waterproofing. The mixture is diluted with clean water.
The solution is applied to the restored areas in 2 sets. First, a thin layer of 1 - 2 mm, when the first layer begins to set, a second layer of 3 mm is applied. You can use a brush or a wide spatula.
The applied layers must last for a day. You can continue the work the next day.
Then a plaster solution is prepared.
Again, perform a 2-coat application. First apply a layer of 10 mm. The plaster is rubbed hard against the surface, moving the spatula along a semicircle.
To ensure that the walls are smooth in the end, it is advisable to use the plaster bars, when installing which should be applied level. Such bars have several varieties. In this case they are made of wood.
The next layer of plaster is applied in a thickness of 15 - 20 mm.
Stucco is applied accurately over the entire surface, it is desirable to fill the entire surface with it up to the basement. Then it will be possible to talk about full and qualitative repair of the plaster of the plinth.
The point of the base for removal of excess solution will be not only plastering strips, but also undamaged layer of facing, as in the photo.
When the surface dries, it is leveled with a plaster trowel.