Warming the country house is an important process that will allow you to save considerably money when heating the premises in the winter season. However, it is necessary to know how to properly carry out insulation work so as not to make mistakes.
1
Recently, warming is a very urgent issue due to the constantly rising prices for energy.
But this issue is especially acute for owners of country houses and dachas, which spend a lot of money during the heating season. Practical insulation consists in choosing a quality and reliable material. In addition, it is advisable to make all necessary calculations in advance, so as not to be mistaken when buying the material. Take into account the thickness of the material.
Among the most inexpensive are the plates of expanded polystyrene and mineral wool. But whatever heater you choose, it is worth bearing in mind that:
- some of the heat loss passes through the door and window structures - about 15%;
- approximately 7% of the heat flows through the ceiling and floor;
- the ventilation system is capable of taking more than 20% of the heat.
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In many ways, the choice of insulation will depend on the climatic features of your region. Naturally, when choosing you should take into account your financial capabilities and the result that you wish to receive.
What to use:
3
As we have already said, in order to protect your home by 90% from heat loss, you will have to work on the insulation of the floor, ceiling, walls and windows. The work, of course, is not the easiest, but the result will pleasantly surprise you. First, the house will become much warmer, and secondly - you can not spend incredible sums on heating.
Features of choice:
The interval between the elements of the roofing depends directly on the width of the thermal insulation material
Appearing at the cottage during the summer vacation, do not think about the insulation of the house, because in a hot period and so you feel comfortable in the walls of a wooden or brick house. And what to do when there is a need for frequent or even permanent stay outside the city? Of course, it is necessary to increase the energy efficiency of the building, otherwise drafts and huge bills for the spent electricity are expected. Timely insulation of the country house allows to save the family budget and make the dwelling suitable for permanent residence.
About the effectiveness of insulation
If we compare the heat loss at home, the owners of which did not take care of a thorough approach to the construction process, we will see that the heat leaves the building in various directions:
- 35% - walls;
- 25% - the roof;
- 15% - sex;
- 15% - doors;
- 10% - windows.
As you can see, the walls are leading - and not surprisingly, they occupy the largest area of the "box". The conclusion suggests itself: it is worth warming the cottage outside, as most of the potential heat loss will disappear.
To make housing more economical and comfortable, you need an integrated approach, taking into account some of the nuances:
- installation of heat insulation boards on the inner sides of the walls significantly reduces the useful area of the premises;
- external thermal insulation is more suitable than the internal one;
- sealing of all elements of the house - doors, ceiling, windows, floors, walls, ceilings - significantly reduces heat loss;
- partial insulation of the dacha will not solve the problem.
While doing the improvement, do not forget about ventilation - another necessary condition for comfortable living. Fresh air and sufficient oxygen are needed in the same way as heat.
The scheme of facade insulation with the help of a cross-section skeleton
External insulation of the house
To insulate the country house outside, there is little purchase of heat-insulating material, it is necessary to understand the technique of facing the walls.
Most often use two types of insulation:
- mineral wool, created on the basis of basalt rocks;
- polystyrene, consisting of gas-filled granules.
Construction technology involves the use of mineral wool, if the house is built of round logs or glued beams. The top of the building is lined with lining or siding. Styrofoam is used if the house is built of bricks or slag blocks. The protective layer is also formed from the siding.
One of the options for warming the mineral wool with subsequent tiling
The classic method of warming the villa outside includes several main points:
- installation of a crate from wooden rails or a metal profile. The cladding should protrude a few centimeters above the insulation layer;
- laying of heat-insulating slabs or rolls, cut into pieces;
- fixing waterproofing, which is used as a ruberoid, membrane, thick polyethylene film;
- installation of a rack carcass on which the facing material is subsequently fastened; between the waterproofing layer and the facade finish, a small air space is formed that performs the ventilation function;
- finishing - the installation of lining or siding elements, with the wooden cladding being decorated with protective treatment by impregnation or paint for external work.
Another version of the insulation from the outside allows the passage of the first point, and the material is fixed directly on the wall, and the wooden frame simultaneously plays the role of a crate.
One of the professional ways is to install a cross-skeleton and lay the material in two layers, but this technique is not used for country houses. A layer of waterproofing, like a ventilation system, is necessary in any case, since the porous structure of the insulation is quickly destroyed by the action of moisture.
For insulation of the facade use a heater in the plates Knauf Insulation
Internal insulation
Unprotected walls, floors and ceilings cool down under the influence of cold air, thereby lowering the temperature inside the house. To this can be added drafts that not only deprive comfortable living, but also contribute to the occurrence of diseases. To avoid trouble, it is necessary to make insulation of the country house from the inside, choosing for work environmentally safe material.
The technology of interior works on the warming of the walls resembles the exterior of the house: heat and vapor barrier is laid on the prepared crate, fixed, providing ventilation, and finishing is carried out. The part of useful living space is lost, but the cost is slightly lower than external works. Before starting the action, you need to think over what to insulate the dacha from the inside. The best material is thin rolls of mineral wool, made especially for internal works. Consider that, in addition to walls, you can protect yourself from the cold.
Double floor device
This information will be needed by all who are interested in answering the question - how to insulate the dacha for winter residence. The main principle of the reconstruction is the creation of a multi-layer "pie", which will keep the heat and not let the cold from below.
The order of work is as follows:
- dismantling of old coatings;
- the device of waterproofing with the use of liquid primers of deep penetration, bitumen mastics, membranes or films;
- the construction of a grate made of timber treated with special impregnation;
- filling cells with foam, claydite or mineral wool plates;
- laying of chipboards, boards, plywood, treated with protective composition;
- finish with carpet, cork or linoleum.
This technology is suitable for both concrete and wooden floors. In more complex cases, it is necessary to start with the creation of a new screed.
Mineral wool in rolls and plates is the best material for warming a country house
Warming of windows and doors
The retention of heat inside the room contributes to the tightness of window and door openings, that is, you just need to get rid of the cracks that let the cold pass. If possible, the old windows should be replaced with new, more modern and durable plastic or wooden structures, and also to ensure that they are correctly installed. Old windows can be repaired: seal the slots in the area of joints, replace the seal on the doors, adjust the fittings.
To protect the doors, they must be removed from the hinges. Insulation, which is used as batting, mineral wool, foam, mounting foam, can be mounted on both the outer and the inner side. On top of the thermal insulation tight protective material, performing and decorative function, for example, eco-leather.
Thermal insulation of floors
Usually the partial warming of the cottage is taken care of even at the stage of erection of the roof, strengthening the roof itself and ceiling ceilings. If this step is missed, it is never too late to insulate the floor from the attic. The technique of laying expanded polystyrene, mineral wool or glass wool is similar to the installation of a warm floor:
- installation of a frame from wooden boards or bars in the form of a grate;
- filling the space between the boards with a heater;
- laying of the vapor barrier layer;
- floor installation in the attic - boards, plywood, particle board.
The role of the vapor barrier material, if there is no membrane at hand, will be a dense construction film. The top layer of boards performs two functions: protects the heater from damage and serves as an element of the attic space.
Warming of the facade with expanded polystyrene for further decorative plastering
Kinds of heaters for summer residence
It should be considered what type of insulation to choose for a dacha, while focusing on the scope of application. For example, mats made on the basis of basalt and fiberglass are ideal for roofing works, mineral wool for decoration of the facade, foam polystyrene for insulation of the foundation, underground floors and basement floors. All modern materials are easy and simple to install, so you can transport and install a roll insulation, panels and blocks can be independently.
Many manufacturers produce several lines of thermal insulation material, suitable for protecting different parts of the house. Everyone knows a heater for dachas Knauf: the characteristics of its various types can protect from the cold and basement rooms, and the facade, and the roof. Roller Heat KNAUF The cottage is ideal for insulating floors inside the house, as well as summer kitchens and other country houses. Heat KNAUF The cottage is used for insulation and noise insulation of walls, and Heat KNAUF House, having a thickness of 10 cm, is good for facade work.
Knauf insulation products are suitable for thermal insulation of the roof, facade, foundation and internal floors
Additional insulation is a great opportunity to turn a summer cottage into a nice, comfortable housing suitable for permanent residence.
Warming of the cottage
How to properly heat the dacha to minimize heat loss
Warming of the walls, floor and ceiling of the cottage is actual due to the increase in prices for energy resources, which implies a reduction in savings with significant heat losses from the houses of country houses.
The warmed out country house will provide a comfortable stay in it, both on warm summer days and in cold winter time.
To warm the country house from the inside by own hands means, using the most suitable heaters, to conduct the thermal insulation of the whole room, including walls, ceiling and floor.
Preliminary it is necessary to calculate the required amount of insulation, taking into account the size of the walls, ceiling and floor of the room. To ensure that the heat insulator can qualitatively insulate the country house from the inside, it is necessary to take into account the thickness of the material used as a flooring. The most inexpensive materials are mineral wool and polystyrene plates.
Drawing warming the walls of the cottage.
The reliability and safety of materials that can be used to insulate a country wooden house should be the main characteristics necessary to preserve human health. Thermal insulation for a wooden house should not have a negative impact on the environment. To ensure that the materials are most advantageously and economically insulated by the dacha, when carrying out all the work with their own hands, it should be borne in mind that:
- At least 40% of the heat loss through the surface of the exterior wall structures.
- Part of the loss of heat occurs through window constructions, the share of total losses is about 20%.
- From 5 to 10 percent of the heat flows through the floor and the ceiling with a roof.
- The ventilation system and the doors of the holiday home can pass about 20% of the total heat.
Thus, the greatest heat loss occurs through the walls of a wooden and any other house. Therefore, it is very important to conduct isolation both inside and outside the house. The house, insulated from the outside, is protected from the formation of condensation, which occurs in the inner layers of the insulation. Otherwise, the heat insulator will lose its quality characteristics.
The principle of doing the work by one's own hands is the same for all types of country houses, including wooden houses. Warmth will reduce heat losses in the residential building of a country house in half.
What materials and tools are needed to insulate the villa
The scheme of the device of the insulated wall of the cottage.
The choice of material for warming the dacha from inside and outside will be determined by the climatic conditions in the region of residence. Minvatoj it is possible to warm a country house if the temperature in the street is not lower than 35 о С in the winter period of time. The highest quality mineral wool is produced using rocks (basalt, dolomite, limestone, etc.), so it has a low level of hygroscopicity and fire resistance. It differs from durability.
Polyfoam is good because, being an insulator, it is easy due to the large content of air in its structure. It can easily be cut and fastened, it is an excellent soundproofing device. Create it from plastics of various types.
Penoizol is a liquid foam. The main advantage of this material is its low cost. Filling any spaces and cracks from inside the cottage house, it will for a long time serve as a reliable protection from the cold.
The cottage houses were not warmed before, so it is a newer insulator, unlike all the above materials. Ecowool is an eco-friendly and cheap option, which is becoming more popular. It is better to entrust its installation in a dry form to specialists, since it can cause an allergic reaction due to the formation of a large amount of suspended dust.
So, the insulation of the dacha should be made using materials such as:
- Expanded clay.
- Heater - minvat, ecowool, foam insulation or foam.
- Ruberoid or glassine for waterproofing.
- Clay Ceresit.
- Wooden slats for fixing waterproofing.
- Particleboard for coating.
- Waterproofing and vapor barrier film (not to be confused with windproof).
- Superdiffusion membrane.
- The zinced fasteners.
- Metal mesh.
To insulate the villa with your own hands, it will be enough to prepare the following types of tools:
- Hacksaw.
- A hammer.
- A metalwork knife.
- Jig saw (electric jigsaw).
- Screwdriver.
- Bulgaria.
- Fasteners - nails, screws or screws.
- Double-sided tape.
- Construction foam.
Thermal insulation can be purchased in the form of a roll or plate.
How to properly warm the cottage from the inside
Features of the insulation of the floor cottages
The diagram of materials of warming of walls from within.
In order to properly insulate the floor of the holiday home with your own hands, you need to know the technology of carrying out work of the floors of different types. The process of warming for the stone floor is more labor-intensive than doing work related to the laying of a heater for wooden floors.
For performance of work related to insulation:
- Stone floor - will require the ability to produce floor screed. For this purpose, using expanded clay, having prepared the surface of the floor indoors in the country. Before filling the floor with claydite, one of the types of roll materials, i.e., parchment or roofing material, is laid on the floor. When the top is already covered with a layer of necessary thickness, it is compacted, thus it can be protected from the fact that the capillary suction of moisture does not occur. The layer of expanded clay is used as a heat insulator, it is covered with a film of polyethylene, promazyvaya all joints with glue. After that, the concrete screed is poured and the floor is covered with a special coating when it dries. As the most economical coating use material chipboard or chipboard.
- Wooden floor - apply a special most suitable insulation. Similar to the work on insulation for the stone floor, it is pre-coated with a roofing paper or pergamon. After this, using the logs, a wooden crate is installed. A heater is laid between the lags. Warming of the wooden floor is carried out with a mineral wool, but not foam, which can not be used categorically. As a coating, particle board is used, it is possible to put linoleum or other material on top.
- Floor on the ground - pour a layer of crushed stone, which is then compacted so that it is about 10 centimeters. After that, the sand is poured and compacted with a layer, the thickness of which will be the same centimeters. After that, the gasket is made with a mineral wool or polystyrene plate for thermal insulation. Protection from moisture is provided by using a waterproofing film, which is a second protective layer. With the help of it it is ensured the preservation of the insulation, which will not be able to lose all the necessary qualities. After this, the metal mesh is laid, the thickness of the screed of concrete should be about 50 mm. After complete hardening of the concrete, laying of the litter material is carried out.
Warming of the ceiling and the walls of the country house
The scheme of warming the roof of the country house.
Before they begin to warm the walls of a country or a private house, they are leveled. Brick walls of new buildings are plastered and covered with a primer after drying completely, then necessarily shpaklyuyut. If you want to warm the walls of a long-built house, they are cleaned from old wallpaper or paint. Identify various wall defects, cracks and chips, eliminating them. Then carry out the work on plastering, priming and putty. Before fixing the foam, a waterproofing substrate is applied to the walls. This is necessary so that condensation does not form in the event of a temperature drop, otherwise the insulation will rot in three years. Polyfoam, like penoplex, is fastened to special Ceresit glue, dowels and screws are used less and less. The glue is applied only to the surface of the wall. Sheets of insulation must be perfectly clean. The whole procedure will take from 2 to 3 days. After that, to protect the insulation from moisture on the walls are laid vapor-insulating material.
To insulate the ceiling for the purpose of waterproofing, take the parchment and roll it out on a horizontal surface to cut it correctly. Cut off at 4-6 cm from the edge of the sheets of glassine and fasten them to the ceiling beams using wooden racks and nails or screws. Then cut and stack the foam as denser as possible. The minimum clearance can be 0.8-1 cm. After filling the voids with construction foam, another layer of waterproofing is laid. When laying mineral wool slabs, they should similarly fill the entire space between the beams.
You can also lay a second layer of mineral wool, if the height of the beams allows, taking into account the direction of the fibers of the second layer perpendicular to the first. After the ceiling is insulated, a wooden floor is laid in the attic. The boards are nailed to the ceiling with nails. The ceiling thus will be reliably warmed, and on an attic it will be possible to walk easy.
Warming of the outside of the country house
The scheme of insulation of walls with foam plastic.
If the villa is planned to be sidewalk, then the work will necessarily be associated with the insulation of the walls of the house outside. Thermal insulation is produced using universal slabs, which can be bought in the market or in the building materials store at fairly low prices. The minimum thickness of plates is 100 mm. The technology of insulation involves the installation of slabs in a specially prepared frame. This is a design made of vertical racks, having a step of more than 50 cm, fixed to the outside of the wall of the cottage. After the layer of insulation and waterproofing, a superdiffusion membrane, that is, a windproof film, is laid. Through this film, wall steam is produced from the outer surface of the walls of the house, which prolongs the life of the house.
After performing all the work on insulation use siding as a facing material. It will help to make the house's facade more attractive, being at the same time an economical option.
Warm-up of a dacha is an event that should not be postponed, but performed before the cold weather sets in. You should know that the procedure of warming itself concerns many elements of the building, moreover, it can last several weeks. But more importantly, it's more important to choose the materials and technology of execution competently, because it depends on it, how effective the result will be. It is worth adding that with the help of simple techniques described in the article, you can save a little on thermal insulation.
So, how to insulate the cottage? Immediately make a reservation that the insulation can be of two types:
- external;
- internal.
Let's consider features of each of them.
External insulation of the cottage
This insulation is able to protect from freezing not only the room, but also the material from which the building is made. In this case, the "dew point" will shift to the side of the street, and the condensate will form outside the elements made of wood, and under the ventilated facade (under it the moisture will soon dry out).
Consider how external insulation is made.
Stage one. Material selection
In the role of insulation in this case it is better to use mineral or basalt cotton wool. In the case of wooden structures (and summer cottages are often wooden) it is undesirable to use foam plastic because it is vapor-proof, which means that it does not divert steam from the surface. Minvata can have different density and thickness. The more dense it is, the easier it is to install it and the longer it will save its original properties. The loose insulation will slip and crumble, spreading harmful to the body dust. In short, the quality of insulation material is not worth saving.
Note! The merits of the material can also be attributed to the fact that it does not burn and is not "loved" by rodents, which distinguishes it from the same foam.
In addition to the thermal insulator itself, a film is required to work, which will be laid in 2 layers - one to protect against penetration of moisture, the other for wind and hydroprotection. The film is placed on wooden surfaces. What is characteristic, it must necessarily be vapor-permeable and remove moisture from the wood outside through a heater. Protection from the wind is installed on top of the heat insulator, and it is necessary.
Outside, the insulation layer can be covered with any material, but leave a ventilation gap. This design is called a ventilated facade. The air between the facing surface and the walls will circulate, so that moisture will be removed from the mineral wool. This will increase the life of the building as a whole.
Stage two. The procedure of insulation
Below is the algorithm of actions for the thermal insulation of the cottage.
Step 1. Initially, the walls are treated with an antiseptic, with two layers. Limit attention should be paid to the corners, as well as the crown, located below. The ends of logs should be treated with special care, because they are often the most exposed to rot. The application of the antiseptic is carried out in dry, warm weather, after which the walls are left for a couple of days, so that the agent is completely dry.
Step 2. Next, an insulating film with a vapor-permeable coating is attached to the walls (an installation stapler is used to fix it). The coating of the sides of the film can be different. In this case, the porous side is directed to the wall (it absorbs and removes excess moisture), and smooth glossy - to the street. The film is attached with an overlap of 10 centimeters, all joints are glued with mounting tape.
Step 3. A wooden crate of vertical type is installed on top of the film (it is constructed of bars, the thickness of which is equal to the thickness of the thermal insulation material). The step between the beams should be 4-5 centimeters smaller than the width of the mineral wool mats. In this case, the material will fit snugly against the crate and hold well there even without additional fixation.
Step 4. We continue to disassemble how to insulate the cottage on the outside. Over the film, mineral wool slabs are laid between the battens of the battens, slightly pressing each of them. If necessary, the material is cut using a conventional knife. If the material is not hard enough or is not properly held inside the crate, then it can be temporarily fixed with racks. Final fixing of mats is performed using anchor nails.
Note! If the thermal insulation is laid in several layers, then the new layer is laid with the offset of the joints - that is, the sheets overlap the joints of the previous layer.
Another important point: all work related to the installation of mineral wool plates, should be carried out exclusively in a respirator and special protective gloves.
Step 5. A layer of wind and hydroprotective membrane is laid over the cotton wool (again, staples are used). It is important that the party with hydro-protection "look" at the street. The material is stacked with an overlap, the joints are also sealed with mounting tape.
Step 6. A vented frame is installed on the film. It is made from the same bars that were used for the crate. In this case, between the heater and the frame should remain a small gap (about 50 centimeters) for ventilation. Bars are installed to the previous frame by means of screws, and if the surface of the walls is sufficiently level, perforated profile suspensions can be used, thanks to which it is possible to adjust the distance to the frame.
- vinyl siding;
- imitation of timber;
- metal profile;
- block house.
During the finish, you need to pay attention to the fact that the slots do not stay, otherwise through them the moisture will seep into the structure.
Video - Sheathing and insulation of a wooden house
Do you need internal insulation?
We do not know the answer to this question, because the approaches to warming can be radically different. So, some builders do not favor internal thermal insulation, explaining this by the fact that ventilated siding, which requires the same costs, is much more efficient, and fare with it less. We will try to find out whether this is so.
How to insulate a frame house?
Previously, we talked about what materials should be used in the insulation of the frame house and fully described the insulation technology, in addition to this article, we advise you to read this information
First, we will deal with the main problems that may arise before we warm the country house. If you use materials intended for outdoor work, when the ceiling, walls, etc. are insulated, internal surfaces, they "eat" a large part of the free space. After all, quality thermal insulation is a mandatory sandwich (it is described above), the thickness of which can reach 80-100 millimeters. Another problem is that when a cold wall contacts warm air in the building, condensation may form on its surface. Because of this, the air in the house will be constantly moist, and the materials used for insulation will begin to rot or lose its original properties.
Is it possible to avoid all these troubles? Yes, if you approach the issue competently and do everything according to the technology below.
Stage one. Selection of insulating material
In this case, the requirements for the heat insulator are somewhat different than if the insulation was carried out from the outside.
Note! But the main requirement remains - this is the minimum vapor permeability, although this parameter can be compensated by a good vapor barrier.
Another insulation for internal works should be environmentally friendly - this is perhaps the most important point to pay attention to when buying. The next criterion is the thermal conductivity on which the material of what thickness is to be determined depends. It is obvious that in a summer cottage it is inappropriate to use a thick insulation, as it, as already noted above, will reduce the free space inside the building.
As a rule, mineral wool is used for insulation. It is environmentally friendly, the rest of the characteristics have already been considered at the beginning of the article. Nevertheless, it is more suitable for outdoor work. Why? Because she has high vapor permeability. Moreover, it also has poor hydrophobicity - minvate absorbs moisture, because of what it quickly collapses. Therefore, extruded polystyrene foam is more suitable for internal insulation. It is an environmentally safe and effective heat insulator with a minimum vapor permeability. He also does not absorb moisture, which is also very important. Finally, for a typical country house, a layer of much smaller thickness is required than if a mineral wool was used. The installation does not require the construction of the frame - the material is simply pushed onto the glue.
Stage two. Wall warming
The walls are insulated with one layer, and the surface must be prepared beforehand. The sequence of actions is shown below.
Step 1. All unnecessary furniture is taken out of the room - furniture, decorative elements, mirrors and so on. Wallpaper (if any) should also be deleted.
Step 2. The walls are cleaned of dirt. All detected irregularities are covered with plaster.
Step 3. Upon hardening of the plaster solution, the walls are covered with two layers of the primer mix.
Step 4. Foam sheets are stacked on the bottom. For fixing, a special glue is used - it should be applied uniformly throughout the back of each sheet.
You can not use dowels. The main thing is to make sure that the heater is snug against the walls.
Step 5. The joints between the sheets are sealed with a sealant or they are glued with a reinforcing tape. It is worth remembering even before we warm the country house from the inside, that the foam does not need additional laying of the vapor barrier.
Step 6. On the heater, a crate is built, on top of which the selected finishing material will be installed.
Stage three. Warming of the floor
With the help of polystyrene, the floor can be insulated both on the logs and under the pouring of concrete. In the first case, the slabs of the material are simply fitted in the dimensions and laid between the lags. Load on the plates here will not be any, so almost any type of expanded polystyrene is suitable.
But if the screed is to be insulated, the plates of the heat insulator should be very strong. The algorithm of action for the insulation of the floor for concrete filling is as follows.
Step 1. For waterproofing, the film is laid. This should be done with an overlap of approximately 100 millimeters.
Step 2. The heat insulation plates are laid.
Step 3. A reinforcement mesh is installed above it (you can use an ordinary mortar to fix it).
Step 4. At the end, a final screed (in most cases, its thickness is 60-80 millimeters is enough).
Stage four. Warming of the ceiling
The ceiling can also be thermally insulated with expanded polystyrene boards. The sequence of actions in this case will be as follows.
Step 1. The surface of the ceiling is cleaned of dirt, if necessary, unevenness is plastered (as in the case of walls).
Step 2. The back side of each foam board is evenly covered with a special adhesive compound.
Step 3. The plates are glued in turn to the surface.
Step 4. As soon as the glue dries, the slabs of the material must be additionally secured with dowel-umbrellas.
Step 5. A putty mesh is placed on top of the thermal insulation material.
Step 6. The ceiling is covered with a layer of putty.
Video - Heat insulation of the country house
Stage five. Roof insulation
As far as we know from the school course of physics, the streams of heated air always go up. Therefore, if the roof of the cottage is not properly insulated, then most of the heat energy will simply leave the building.
To perform the internal thermal insulation of the roof, it is necessary first of all to build a wooden frame (it will be something like the above described crate). For the construction of the frame used beams, they are attached to the roof by nails or self-tapping screws. Alternatively, instead of a wooden frame, metal profiles can be used (just as when constructing a base for plasterboard structures).
Insulating material is laid between the bars. If the mine is taken as such, then an additional anchorage will be required. If we are talking about plates of expanded polystyrene, then it is enough to cut the material so that it densely joins between the beams. In fact, ideally, you need to lay two layers at once - from mineral wool and expanded polystyrene. All this can be done with thin sheets of particleboard.
Video - Roof insulation
Finally. Basic requirements for internal insulation
So we found out how to insulate the cottage. It remains only to get acquainted with the key requirements put forward to this process.
- Steam insulation film is an obligatory condition for high-quality thermal insulation. Moreover, the film should not be saved (in principle, as well as on the material that will be used to seal its joints).
- Before laying the heating material, all working surfaces must not only be thoroughly cleaned, but also covered with a special compound that will prevent molding in the future.
- The thermal conductivity of the material used should be minimal. Ideally, this indicator of the heat insulator should exceed the same index of the wall itself.
- The thickness of the insulation layer should be calculated with the utmost precision, and it should be based on the specific climate conditions in your region.
- During insulation (internal), care must be taken to ensure that no voids remain between the material and the surface of the walls. In order for the contact to be extremely dense, the adhesive should spread evenly on the back side.
- To reduce the humidity inside the structure, it is recommended to take care of forced ventilation.
When using a summer cottage not only in the summer season, but also in the cold season, there is a need for its warming.
To solve this problem, it is necessary to answer two main questions: where is the heat leakage and how effective?
Causes of heat loss
It is not difficult to establish the cause of heat loss. It usually leaves through badly insulated walls, roof, floor, windows and various cracks.
The experts propose to warm the dacha not only from the outside, but also from the inside.
Material selection
For thermal insulation materials there are a number of requirements.
Heat insulation must have a low thermal conductivity, good hygroscopicity, fire safety and environmental cleanliness.
It is necessary that the material reliably prevents heat exchange between the outer and inner parts of the walls, and protects the structure from the inside well. 
Today, mineral wool based on basalt or fiberglass is widely used as a heater. If the ventilation of the house is properly equipped, moisture will not be a problem for this material.
On the market of construction products, new products are constantly appearing for high-quality warming of the dacha with their own hands. For example:
- insulation made of linen fiber - the material is produced by plates, easily cut, does not change shape, environmentally friendly, has good antiseptic properties;
- ecowool - sprayed loose heat insulator, consisting of recycled cellulose with the addition of antiseptics and flame retardants;
- soft wood-fiber board (DVP) - environmentally friendly material, they can immediately strengthen the walls.
How and what to insulate, the question of taste and good choice. The main thing is that the country house is reliably protected from winter cold.
Roof
A roof with improper installation can "steal" from you more than 10% of the heat spent on heating the house.
When choosing insulation for the roof, pay attention to the service life, which depends on many external factors: temperature fluctuations, rainfall (especially snow), wind strength and direction. Pay special attention to the water resistance of the material. Also, isolation must be safe for health. The first sign of safe isolation is the absence of a sharp, pungent odor.
Thermal insulation of the roof with polymeric materials is not the best solution. They are very easily and quickly ignited, so you have to take increased fire safety measures. 
for the roof can be considered stone wool, which is designed for thermal protection of structures that do not carry serious loads.
Walls
It is the main stage of the work, since they occupy the main area of any structure and have the highest heat transfer.
Surface preparation
Before warming the wooden walls, always clean the entire surface of the dirt. Thoroughly treat the walls from the inside with special solutions and aerosols, which will protect the wood from insects. Then zapopatte all gaps with a dry pakli and a thin chisel.
Heater
As a heat insulator for walls, the jute fabric is very suitable. It quickly and easily fits with a construction stapler, does not rot, is not blown by the wind and does not represent interest for moths. The tow and jute fiber have a low thermal conductivity due to the capillary structure, they easily give off moisture. In addition, as bactericidal materials, successfully resist the spread of fungus.
It is not recommended to use for the warming of the walls of the cottage house materials: felt, batting, wool. They abundantly accumulate moisture. As a result, the process of decay begins quickly, and in the wool a moth is necessarily started.
Window
After the walls are warmed, we go to the windows. They also lead to significant heat losses, so the windows should pay close attention, especially if the design is obsolete.
Cleaning and waterproofing
It is necessary to thoroughly clean the frame of the house of dust, replace the cracked glass, repair - the gap between the walls and frames.
For high-quality insulation, you will need a silicone sealant in a special gun. It reliably protects the joints from inside from fungi and mold. 
Foam is also suitable. However, it quickly collapses from the sun and is not entirely aesthetic. If you stop the selection on foam, then you have to take measures to protect it from ultraviolet rays.
D-profile tape
Then you need to glue the sealing tape. The ribbon of the D-profile is best suited. It effectively closes the slots up to 7 mm. For more reliable fixing, you can fix the tape with studs or staples. 
Film on glass and slope insulation
To maximize, cover them with a heat-saving film. This material is applied directly to the glass. When laying the film there should be no folds, blisters, bubbles. Carefully executed work will help to save more than 30% of the heat.
Do not forget about the insulation of slopes. For this, various materials can be used, for example, foam polyethylene or mineral wool. Heat insulation is fixed on the slopes with the help of glue.
Floor
There are many modern materials for floor insulation. The main thing is that the cottage from the inside should be as dry as possible.
Styrofoam
Styrofoam does not absorb moisture, is durable, durable, good antiseptic. With such material it is convenient to work, since it does not change the initial volume.
Minvata
Mineral wool is sold in different versions: rolls, plates, mats. Low density, ecological cleanliness, durability, relatively low price are its main advantages.
PenoFol
The new foam foam material has already proved to be the best and has gained popularity. It is sold in rolls, consisting of a layer of foil and insulation. Most often the basis is foamed polyethylene.
Requirements for insulation
When choosing the material for the floor insulation of the cottage by yourself, do not look for the cheapest options and remember that the insulation must be:
- environmentally friendly, safe for health;
- excellent heat insulator;
- durable.
Methods of floor insulation
There are several ways to insulate the floor of the villa.
Double floor
The lower layer of unshaved boards is carefully fixed directly to the beams. The "rough" construction is laid "clean" coating. 
Wooden logs are installed on the foundation in steps of 0.5-1 m or cut into a frame. Then the "rough" floor is spread. Free space is filled with thermal insulation. A simple and effective method is enough. 
You can insulate the floor on the lags installed on the brick posts. Insulation material: mineral wool, fiberglass, foam or other suitable material. The distance between the finishing floor and the ground is increased. The work does not require the experience of a builder and is easily carried out by one's own hands. With this option, the insulation material does not experience any load, which makes the method of warming the wooden floor perfectly lagged.