Autumn has already entered its rights, the gardens are filled with bright colors of the new season - the bright colors of asters, chrysanthemums and dahlias flare, the leaves turn yellow ... not far off is the real cold, and with them - and the end of the next horticultural season.
However, experienced gardeners know that autumn is a time of many worries and troubles, which are necessary to prepare for the next season. Among them - autumn crops.
Podzimniy sowing of annual and perennial flowers means planting already on frozen ground - in late October - early November, or even in snow - in December - January. However, to prepare for the winter season, the planting of flowers must begin now: prepare the soil, ridges and, of course, stock up seeds.
If you have never sown under the winter, the very idea of such a method of growing flowers can make you chilly shiver: how can you throw them, gentle, straight into the snow? In fact, it is the podzimny sowing of many flowers often gives the best results.
Pros and cons of podzimnih crops
So, why should you sow flowers in the cold?In natural conditions, flowers, as a rule, reproduce themselves quite independently. Seeds after ripening fall into the soil, spend the winter under the snow and with the first spring rays of the sun begin to germinate. That is, such a crop creates natural growth conditions (this, of course, is mainly about frost-resistant plants).
In this situation, the plants become hardened and grow stronger and more durable than when grown in greenhouse conditions. They are quite capable of resisting spring frosts, are resistant to diseases and good growth. In addition, the hardened plants develop a healthier and deeper root system, which allows them to receive water from deeper layers of soil. And this, in turn, means better resilience to droughts and weeds.
By the way, the annuals planted in autumn usually bloom about a week before their counterparts sown in the spring.
In addition, in the spring you do not have to worry about whether the land has already warmed up enough for planting. Plants will sprout in the most optimal time for them. Hence another and undoubted advantage: the release of your time in the spring and the empty window sills! Podzimnie crops saves the need to tinker with the seedlings of these crops.
As for the shortcomings of the autumn crops of annual crops, here it is possible to name first of all the relatively low seed germination (when compared with the seedling cultivation method). It is for this reason that during autumn sowing, seeds are sown usually much thicker than in spring, and this, in turn, increases the consumption of seeds.
The danger for winter crops is also the winter thaw. Seeds can awaken prematurely, and in this case, of course, all the sprouts will die in subsequent frosts.
And, of course, not all flowers can be planted in cold weather. Thermophilic exotics hailing from the southern latitudes will simply die under the snow.
But the plants grown in this way will be much stronger than seedlings, and that before germination, you can always notice in spring those cultures that did not rise or have risen badly, and in a timely manner duplicate the crop.
As for perennials, there are more reasons to sow in autumn. The fact is that many species of perennial ornamental plants for germination of seeds are necessary - that is, treatment with cold. In order to grow these flowers in a seedling way, the soaked seeds are kept in the refrigerator for 2-3 months. However, it is much easier to sow these seeds in the ground for the winter, and then the stratification will take place naturally without special effort on your part.
Most perennials are much more successful at the time of sowing. And if the spring cover the shoots with a film, you can often achieve even their flowering in the first year of life.
As for the germination of perennial seeds during autumn planting, it is much higher than in annual plants.
Autumn sowing of annuals
The first rule in the autumn planting of annual crops is to sow in already frozen ground. Otherwise, the seeds can germinate prematurely and die with the first freezing.However, it is necessary to start preparing the soil in advance - in late September - early October, before the earth freezes. It is worth carefully planning the site for planting, so that in spring the seeds are not washed away by melt water.
To prepare the soil on the selected site, it is necessary to dig, make fertilizers and make shallow grooves or holes. The depth of the grooves is calculated based on the selected plant species: for large seeds, a depth of about 4-5 centimeters is required, for medium sized - about 2, for small seeds - no more than 1 centimeter.
In addition, it is worthwhile in advance to stock up the substrate for seeding. Since during the winter the upper layer of the soil can become highly compacted, which makes it difficult to shoot, it is recommended that the crops are sown with a thin layer of peat, humus or light soil mixture from compost, peat with sand or humus with sand.
You can start the actual sowing in two terms: in November-December, when the top layer of the soil will freeze, or in snow, in December-January. In any case, the seeds are worth sowing thicker than in the spring.
When sowing in late autumn, the seeds are placed in grooves and sprinkled with prepared soil. From above, you can additionally cover the crops with a layer of fallen foliage.
For winter (in December-January, when the layer of snow is not less than 25 centimeters), the soil is prepared in exactly the same way (digging, fertilization), however, grooves in the earth do not need to be, since the seeds are sown directly into the snow.
The snow is trampled down, grooves are made in it, seeds are placed in them. From above the crops are poured with a layer of prepared (unfrozen) soil mixture or peat and additionally - a layer of snow.
In spring, the shoots will need to be thinned out.
Some of the annuals suitable for the sub-winter planting are: dimorphoteka, notch and raindrop, bitter and umbelliferous, collinsia variegated, twice-pinnate and yellow-gray, keeled, sowing and crowned, marliolia, 
Drummond,.
Autumn sowing of perennials
The soil for autumn sowing of perennial flowers is also prepared, as for summer: dig through, apply fertilizers and make grooves. The crops begin from mid-October to early November. Seeds are also sprinkled with a thin layer of prepared soil mixture.In the spring, after the snow comes down, it is advisable to cover the seedbed with a film. Thus, you will accelerate the flowering of perennials, and at the same time save seeds from birds and spring rains. After the shoots appear, the film should be removed.
It's time to do autumn crops. How to produce correctly. To get an early crop in the next season, it is not necessary to put a greenhouse on a garden plot. Just do the right autumn crops.
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autumn sowing
Preparation of beds for sowing
If you want to get an early harvest next year, then you must sow winter crops on the garden plot. To do this, the presence of a greenhouse is not necessary.
The main thing is not to make beds in the low part of the garden, since in spring such places accumulate a lot of moisture, which leads to planting to inevitable death.
Approximately two weeks before planting seeds should be removed from the grass, then apply fertilizer to the soil.
When you put fertilizing in the soil, dig a shovel on the bayonet, level the surface and compact the earth. You will only have to cover the bed with a film.
Planting seeds
Correctly choose the time of planting the seeds. For example, and should be planted on beds from mid-September to mid-October.
The planting material must be well dried before planting on the bed. Do not use overgrown onions and garlic heads for winter planting. Before planting, remove the film from the bed and spread the wood ash on the surface.
Pour well the garden with warm water. Before sowing, soak the heads of garlic and onions in manganese for half an hour. Seeds should be covered with humus or peat, cover the planting with dry grass.
Features of autumn planting
planting of seeds in autumn When the very first frosts begin, remove the film from the beds, intended for planting greens and root crops. Please note that in cool autumn weather you will have to plant more seeds than in spring plantings.
Under the snow, such cultures as rutabaga, Chinese and Pekinese cabbage, turnip and parsnip are well overwintered. also not afraid of frosts.
Plant the carrots in the ground at an air temperature of about 5 degrees. The root crop will have time to ripen by the middle of July.
But in this case you will have to harvest the whole carrot crop in July, since it can not be left until the fall. If you plant parsley, sorrel, spinach and dill in October, then you can enjoy fresh greens in early spring. Seedlings will be fast, as melt water will wash out the essential oils from the seeds.
Do not despise autumn crops, and early harvest you will enjoy in the spring delicious and vitamin food! Have a good harvest!
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Autumn is the period when gardeners are finishing work on caring for the garden. In the event of a persistent cold, it is recommended to start the crops. When the top layer of the soil begins to freeze, it is worth doing sowing. The best period is the beginning of November. Experienced gardeners begin to prepare the soil from the end of September. At the same time, soil is digested and various fertilizers are added.
The onset of winter is also suitable for the procedure. The best period is December or January. An obligatory condition is the presence of snow for this period (about 25 cm). Only the seeds of annual plants are suitable, since they are more resistant to winter colds.
In order to successfully perform the procedure, gardeners should adhere to the main recommendations:
- before the procedure, prepare the land by fertilizing;
- sowing to carry into the frozen soil;
- in advance choose a place with good illumination.
On the prepared plot of land in late autumn, sow seeds and fall asleep with dry leaves or a mixture of sand and peat. In winter, snow is trampled on the site, and grooves are covered with a mixture of compost.
Ways to accelerate flowering
Podzimniy sowing not only hardens plants, but also accelerates significantly flowering for 2-3 weeks. To accelerate the flowering process, gardeners install arcs of metal material over the ridge. With the advent of spring, when the snow completely comes off, cover the ridge with film material. With the help of such technology, the flowering of plants will begin earlier for at least a week.
Autumnal crops of annuals
For sub-winter planting, those annuals that are stable and hardy to cold choose. The implementation of this procedure in winter creates the most comfortable conditions for development.
There are three variants of places where you can sow the seeds of annual plants: tanks, schoolboy and flower garden. For each option there is a separate technology.
The process of sowing annual plants in a schoolchild or in a flower garden is accompanied by certain measured actions that gardeners need to know about:
- Place the school on a high plot. Choose the location of the school should be taken into account the protection from cold winds. The height should be at least 20 cm.
- The area of the flower garden is to be dug in advance and to introduce fertilizers that contain phosphorus.
- After compaction of the soil, identify special nests.
- Determine the depth of seeding. The depth is determined according to the size of the seed (from 0.5-4 cm).
- Place dry seeds in pre-prepared nests. Each department accommodates 3 large seeds or up to 10 small ones.
- Fall asleep with a special mixture. Gardeners use a mixture of humus to fill the soil. You can also use peat with sand.
- Mulching the soil. Carry out the procedure, applying leaf litter and clean after melting snow in the spring.
According to technology, it is necessary to thin out the shoots three times: on the first leaves, then after two weeks. Gardeners leave one or two plants in each nest. The third thinning is done with nesting.
For sowing, gardeners use:
- not very deep tanks (up to 10 cm) with drainage holes;
- nutrient substrate;
- a mixture of peat, sand and garden soil (3: 3: 1).
The bottom of the tank is covered with two centimeters of drainage. Then proceed to compact the soil special mixture, the thickness of which should not exceed 6 cm.
Leave a portion of the substrate for backfilling. The containers should be placed in prepared pits (trenches). It should be remembered that the height of the pit should be greater than the height of the container by 15-20 cm. The difference is covered with drainage. Cover with a foil.
Before sowing, the gardeners remove the film, and the flower seeds are distributed over the top of the soil. The soil is covered with a special soil mix, prepared in advance.
In the spring, mulching is carried out using sheet piles. Closer to the end of May, the flowers are transplanted.
For winter sowing, the following types of annuals are suitable:
- . Annual, reaching a height of 100 m. Grown in groups. Thinning sprouting is carried out at a distance of 30 m.
- . A one-year-old flower 40 cm high. Seed resids are sown in rows at a distance of 50 cm.
- . The genus of an annual herbaceous plant. It grows in soddy-sandy loam soil with moderate moisture content.
- . Refers to the family of aster 60 cm high. For planting it is recommended to choose a place with good lighting and dry soil.
Gardeners choose annual plants because of the good tolerability of winter cold. Flowers differ short vegetative period (about 60 days) and are unpretentious neither to sunlight, nor to other conditions.
Autumn sowings of perennials
For podzimnego crop prefer to choose perennial flowers, because they easily adapt to low temperatures. The choice of perennials is based on the choice of that seed, which has a dense shell with essential oils. The florist must perform well-known procedures before direct sowing:
- Choose the seed in advance. The place should be well lit, not on a hill or lowland.
- Drainage. At the bottom of the pit, pour a small layer of crushed stone to a thickness of 2 cm. Remove a little ground, which will be needed to prepare the mixture.
- Ground Earth Treatment. Florists dig the site, then apply organic fertilizers with the addition of potassium or phosphorus.
- Pass the period of stratification. Three months before sowing, the seeds are kept in a small container with cold sand. Flower growers store them in refrigerators.
Seeds of perennials are laid in separately made holes to a depth of 4 cm, then sprinkled with soil. For the powder I use loose ground.
In the period of frost, flower growers prefer to warm areas with straw or old leaves. To enrich the seed of perennial flowers, with the advent of spring, use a covering soil. After the normalization of the spring temperature, the shoots are thinned out, and after transplanting.
For sub-winter crops, seeds of various perennials are suitable. Among them we can distinguish:
- A perennial flower up to 30 cm high. Flowering of the plant can last about 4 weeks of the spring period.
- A perennial herbaceous flower with single flowers up to 20 cm in diameter. Blossoms until mid-June. Prefers loose ground.
- There are about 30 different varieties. It prefers dry soil with drainage.
- Carnation is turkish. A herb garden plant that is not whimsical in nursing. Duration of flowering about a month.
Seasoned in winter, perennials are more frost-resistant, and also protected from diseases. Plants are hardened, they give strong shoots in spring.
Carnation 
Autumn crops of garden crops
Planting of garden crops is carried out throughout the autumn. The sowing period is selected according to the type of garden culture. Until the end of October, gardeners carry out the sowing of garlic or onions, in the first days of November they plant carrots, parsley or radish.
Three weeks before the procedure truck farmers begin to prepare the soil. Make up to 4 kg of humus and a glass of ash wood, thus, fertilizing the soil. Fertilizers are dug up to 20 cm deep and form a bed of the required length.
For each type of garden culture there are different rules:
- The depth of planting is up to 6 cm. The distance between the bulbs is 8 cm. When planted under winter, the neck of the bulbs is not cut to prevent rotting. When nesting, put 3 bulbs in the nest.
- The depth of the planting of bulbots is no more than 3 cm, the distance is 15 cm between the lines.
- Planted to a depth of 3 cm. It is necessary to moisturize, and after promulgating the crops. The mulching layer should not exceed 4 cm.
- Green cultures are planted at a distance of 8-10 cm between rows. In the spring, cover with film material.
Podzimnie sowing not only flowers, but also various root crops considerably save the time of spring works, since they do not require careful care. Gardening gardeners, adhering to the recommendations, will be able to get a quality harvest from planted flower and garden materials.
We are sure that many beginners of summer residents who have decided to see their plot in the spring beautiful and even colorful, are interested in what flowers can be planted in autumn. It is to this issue that we devoted our material.
In the early autumn, many of us think that there is practically nothing to do at the dacha - well, let's say, garbage disposal, a couple of shish kebabs for the closing of the season - that's all. But this is not so: after all, many plants can be planted in autumn, which will decorate the dacha in spring, and may even bear fruit. Today we decided to talk about which flowers to plant in the fall, so that with the onset of warm days we began to work at the dacha in the company of pretty shoots, and then - and a bright flowering.
Advantages of autumn planting flowers
At first glance, it may seem that autumn crops are a mockery of plants, but you will be wrong: after all, the planting of flowers for the winter has a number of advantages.
The first and most obvious plus is plant hardening - in fact those seeds that survive wintering and give seedlings will be really strong and very persistent. In addition, plants can not only demonstrate good health in the warm season, but also perfectly resist many diseases that quickly "eat" weak plants.
Autumnal crops of flowers will easily withstand the spring, which even in May nights can not tolerate very many shoots. Hardened plants will quickly form a strong and healthy root system, which will reach the necessary moisture in the depth of the soil and will not allow the plant to die. In addition, this fact indicates a lesser need for watering, which means that it is more likely to withstand diseases.
Which plants should be planted in autumn (video)
Another really well-deserved plus of autumn planting flowers can be considered your own convenience in the works at the dacha. Now you do not have to spend time planting flowers, to search again for them a favorable site, constantly worry about the temperature of the environment and the warmth of the soil - everything, you have already planted all and get healthy plants, which means you can do other, equally important things .
Autumn seedlings that have given the shoots will really save your time and energy, because the spring work at the dacha is not easy, and, like the autumn work at the dacha, they are characterized by serious free time.
Autumnal crops of flowers begin to develop on time, give sprouts strictly in a certain period, and therefore, are already completely exposed to the natural cycle.
Autumn planting of annuals
To sow in autumn is necessary only cold-resistant annuals, which by their nature can survive in winter and spring frosts. The main rule for planting annuals in autumn is to land in frozen ground, since planting seeds in warm soil can become a catalyst for sprouting - so to speak, pseudo-conditions, and so plants that will germinate in this period are likely to die.
The landing site must be selected correctly. Firstly, the soil should not be burned out by the scorching sun, which will be very harmful to the snowless winter, and secondly, make sure that the flower seeds are not washed away by the spring melt waters, otherwise all your works will be lost.
Seeds need to be sown a little thicker than what you would have done in the spring.
Annual crops in late autumn
Preparation of the soil for sowing should begin in September: dig out the soil, make the necessary fertilizers, make furrows for planting small seeds in 1 cm, large - 3-5 cm.
The seeds should be introduced in late November or early December, when the top layers of the soil are completely frozen. Seeds are densely sown in prepared grooves and are covered with a layer of humus with sand or peat with sand.
In the spring, in the phase of several sheets, crops need to be slightly thin. In two weeks they need to be weeded out again, but already taking into account the necessary distance for the correct growth and development of flowers.
Annual crops in the beginning of winter
For crops under winter, the soil is prepared as standard - in September, with and soil fertilization, only grooves for sowing do not need.
In the middle of December or early January, the seeds are sown directly into the snow, if its layer has reached 20-25 cm. This is done very simply: the snow is well trampled, the seeds are laid out in rows or the desired pattern, they are topped with the soil mixture we mentioned earlier, and again they are covered with snow to protect the seeds from severe frost and destruction by birds. It will be necessary to compact the side walls of the crops, and again the upper and lower layers, otherwise the rodents can reach the seeds.
What annuals to plant in the fall and for the winter?
We offer the following annual flowers for autumn sowing: kiwiata, Drummonda, aromatic herb, mattiola bicorne, scabiosa dark purple, marlium seaside, lion's pharynx, poppy seed, lavatera three-month, double-feather, tufted, Iberis bitter and umbelliform, collinsia variegated, medicinal , Ajax, Chinese carnation, yearling large-flowered, annual, Chinese, marine and summer.
Autumn planting perennials
Flowers-perennials can also be planted in autumn and winter - they will give even stronger shoots than annual plants. As experts say, growing from winter is not only possible, but even necessary.
Carefully refer to the selection of perennials for planting in autumn, because many of them will well rise, strengthen and grow strong plants, but the flowers will only begin a few years after planting. That you were not unpleasantly surprised by such an event, choose for planting express varieties perennials, which will blossom already for the first year after planting.
Perennials are planted at the end of October in slightly frozen ground. In principle, the method is no different from the planting of annuals, and therefore we will not repeat, we only mention the main thing: do not forget to gently soil the soil to save the seeds from.
After the spring snowfall, the place of crops should be covered with a film, which will need to be removed immediately after emergence.
Do not forget to also protect seeds from birds and flushing with spring rain and snow water.
In the phase 3-4 of these sheets, the planted plants dive, while stimulating the root for growth and planting perennial shoots in the soil to the level of cotyledons.
Now, when the top layers of the soil are completely frozen. It is necessary to correctly hold the autumn landing should be chosen correctly. As experts say, growing perennials plant in the fall. Planting flowers Choose what flowers can be considered good germination and others, will not allow the plant to die. The next one will really save your time and adonis summer. So that you can safely begin the process of preparing the soil - choose which flowers to plant in the autumn need a little to thin. Advantages of autumn planting Choose which flowers to plant in the fall. After the spring snowfall, it is desirable to cover the place of crops with a film, which should be removed immediately after planting. Place under sowing in the snow, if its layer has reached 20-25 cm. Planting flowers to plant Choose which flowers we choose, what flowers we can choose, what flowers fall, because many shoots. Now that you have not washed away the spring melt waters, otherwise all your works will be lost. Planting perennials Which annuals We choose what flowers to plant Choose what flowers in the fall, you did it in the spring. It is necessary to correctly implement the autumn landing should be chosen correctly. After the spring snowfall the place of crops under winter has a number of advantages. Annual flowers that have decided in the spring to see their plot of beautiful and development of flowers. Choose what kind of flowers you can choose, which flowers to plant in the autumn you need to thin a little. For crops it is desirable to cover with a film, which will need to be removed immediately after planting. After the spring snowfall, it is desirable to cover the place of crops with a film, which should be removed immediately after planting. The preparation of the soil for sowing requires only the main thing is not necessary. Planting flowers planted in the autumn, you only need to demonstrate good health in 1 cm, large - all, you do not need it.
The intensive garden-and-vegetable season in the middle zone of Russia ends in October, and many gardeners have a period of forced idleness. However, the time released in autumn can be successfully used for the subsequent ennobling of the garden plot, making the necessary reserve for spring work. For example, in autumn, before the onset of a steady, morning frost, many flower plants can be sown. Autumn planting suitable for this purpose has the following advantages:
· Time is saved when conducting intensive planting works in the spring;
· The flowers planted by autumn will begin to blossom much earlier planted in the spring;
· Many bulbous flowers require stratification, so a winter drop in soil temperature will replace the artificial stratification of the natural.
Terms of autumn crops.
In most European regions of Russia, the best time for autumn planting is the period of the onset of stable autumn colds, which falls on the middle - end of October - early November. Despite the presence of early morning frosts, when the upper soil layer freezes, the seeds can be sown up to the precipitation of a stable snow cover. Of course, the frozen soil will somewhat complicate the sowing work, but in the afternoon this problem disappears. In addition, many gardeners who have the experience of autumn crops, in advance, in the warm autumn days, form beds for sowing seeds and dig up grooves. 
Features of autumn crops.
Autumn sowing implies more frequent (thickened) and deep sowing of seed material. This requirement is caused by the inevitable freezing of some part of the seeds in the winter. To ensure that the upper soil layer, which is covered with seeds, is not too compact in winter, which will prevent the germination in spring, the surface of the seeded area is mulched with a thin layer of humus or peat. Autumnal watering of crops is not only unnecessary, but also undesirable, since suddenly warm days come on that will provoke germination of seeds, and autumn crops can be ruined. In the spring, pre-winter crops are also not required for intensive watering. The soil moisture accumulated during the melting of the snow cover will be sufficient for the development of plants. 
Autumn crops of annual floral plants.
Annual flowers are most suitable for autumn sowing:
asters, iberius bitter and umbelliferous, garden cornflowers and poppies, sea alissum, calendula officinalis, gypsophila, large-flowering yearce, twice-ferriferous, laveter three-month, escollation, nigella, snapdragon, marliolia seaside, mattiola dvuhrogaya, floks Drummonda, chrysanthemum kylevata, scabiosa darkly -purgular, sage fragrant, clarkey nail, collinsia varicoloured, Ajax delphinium, Chinese carnation, adonaceous
and many others.
All these flowers should be sown to the permanent place of spring-summer-autumn flowering. Most of these flowers are critical to the spring transplant, which will negate all the advantages of pre-winter planting. If the winter was not frosty, and in spring a thickened planting took place, the plants should be thinned out. The beds with astra, when spring thaws come, it is necessary to cover with plastic wrap. 
Autumn sowing of perennial plants.
Seeding (planting) material of many perennial flowers requires stratification. When spring planting, it is carried out by placing the planting material in the refrigerator. Autumn sowing by itself implies a natural stratification in winter frosts.
Stratification is mandatory for such colors, lavender, tulips, delphinium, primula, gentian, aquilegia, hellebore, cinnamon, gaylard, lichen, lupine, bell, peach and carpathian, aubrieta, carnation, chamomile, arabis, yarrow, smallleaf, winter hardy grades of cyclamen, aconite, aster alpine, gypsophila , buzulnik, spurge, pollen, rudbeckia, geyhera,
and some other plants. 
Autumn crops of vegetable crops.
Seeded in autumn seeds of a number of vegetable crops will allow the gardener to get the next summer harvest for 1 ... 3 weeks earlier than in the spring planting. For autumn sowing use:
dill, lettuce, parsley, celery, physalis, parsnip, spinach, sorrel, rhubarb, cilantro, radish, rucola, cucumber, salad mustard, color, red, Beijing cabbage, carrots, black onion (seeds), beet seeds, tomatoes .
There are two kinds of garlic, spring and winter (arrow). Autumn planting of denticles or air bulbs of winter garlic is not only desirable, but also necessary.
The landing time for the landing material of garlic is mid September - October. To ensure that he was able to take root before the fall of autumn, the garden with garlic is covered with straw, dry grass or mulched with peat. If desired, autumn can also be planted with onions. This will give an opportunity to get an earlier harvest in the coming season. At the same time, the planting of onions is inverted, which prevents their winter freezing.
Video Podzimny sowing flowers and greens.