Online calculation of slate. Dimensions of different types of slate

A unique combination of aesthetics and technical characteristics, as well as low cost are the best arguments in favor of wave slate, which is perfect for creating the roof of any object: from canopy car parks to complex roofs. Due to the wide choice of colors, the slate will look great on the roof of any building. The area of ​​application of wave slate can be called the device pitched roofs with a slope of not less than 15 degrees. In addition, wave slate can also be used to create a temporary fence.

Characteristics of wave slate

Slate sheets with 8 waves can have a thickness of 0.5-0.58 cm. Depending on the thickness, the weight of the slate sheet can be 20-26 kg.In the certificates for this material (both gray and painted), the most common figures are 40/150. The first is the height of the waves, and the second is the distance between the highest points of the two crests in mm. The height of the first wave overlapping - 32 mm. Such figures may have differences, if the sheets were made not GOST, but according to the specifications of the manufacturer. It is worth mentioning that slate with 8 waves, unlike other types, is produced only according to the state standard.

When choosing the thickness of the sheets you need to take into account loadsfrom the wind, the amount of snow in winter. The higher these figures are, the thicker the slate is required. Besides, angle of roof   should also increase in proportion to the growth of this indicator. Of course, the consumption will also increase, but this will give your roof reliability. Besides this, it is important to remember that regardless of the load, the roof slope does not have to be less than 12%.

Specifications   are as follows:

• the number of cycles for thawing / freezing is 25;
• density of 1.6-1.7 g / cm 3;
• the ultimate strength at bends is 16-19 mPa.

Advantages and disadvantages of slate wave

TO pluses   applications of wave slate are:

• fire safety,because slate does not support burning, does not melt, does not emit toxic fumes;
• durability and durability. Slate is not rotted, does not rust, can withstand about 25 winter cycles;
• speed of installation.It will take a minimum of effort and time, and most importantly - it will not be necessary to attract professionals;
• withstands large temperature differences;
• economy. Slate is much cheaper than tiles and tin;
• environmental security   and radiation protection.

TO cons   The use of wave slate is:

• in the composition of slate wave is asbestos, which can harm our health;
• after some time on the slate may appear moss. But special primers will help get rid of this;
• heavy weightmaterial, especially in comparison with other materials;
• fragility. Careful attitude is required when installing and transporting;
• on an open fire splits into pieces.

What are the dimensions of wave slate

There are 2 types of slate sheets: wavy and flat. Flat Slate   not used to create the roof. Therefore, we will consider the wave slate. These sheets are suitable for creating a roof with a slope of at least 15 degrees.

Parameters of wave slate are: the thickness, length and width of the sheet, including the height of waves and the distance between them. Depending on the number of waves, the slate can be with the 5th, 7th, 6th and 8th waves.

According to GOST of the Russian Federation   there are 2 brands of slate:

• Slate 54/200 , in which 54 mm is the height of waves, and 200 mm is the pitch.
• Slate 40/150,   where 40 mm is the height and 150 mm is the pitch.

Wave slate in roofing products different in size and type of profile. Classification of types of wave rectangular slate profile:

• unified. The standard sheet width is 1125 mm and 1750 mm length. This makes it possible to reduce waste.
• ordinary. The width is 680 mm, the length is 1120 mm.
• reinforced. 1000 mm wide and 2800 mm long.

Unified sheets are usually used for the construction of residential buildings, and a reinforced profile, with a thickness of 8 mm, is most often used for industrial construction.

Slate sheets with the number of waves in 7 or 8are the most popular for creating roofs in 1-2-storey houses and cottages. Such slate is used to cover baths, outbuildings. It is used less often to create fences. The dimensions of the sheets affect their weight, which means there are load differenceson bearing walls and truss system.

Dimensions of 8-wave slate

If you follow the overlap of 16 cm,   then the 8-wave sheet will have a useful area of ​​1.57 m 2. The nominal area of ​​the sheet is 1.978 m 2. The weight of an ordinary sheet of 8 waves is 26.1 kg.

Standard dimensions   are:

• thickness - 5,8 mm;
• length - 175 cm.
• width - 113 cm.

Dimensions of 7-wave slate

The nominal area of ​​the 7-wave sheet is 1,715 m 2.The useful area is 1.336 m 2. The weight of the sheet is 23.2 kg.

Standard sizes:

• length - 175 cm;
• width - 98 cm;
• thickness - 5,8 mm.

Wave pitch and height   7 and 8-wave slate are regulated by GOST 30340 -95 and are:

• step - 15 cm;
• height - 4 cm;
• thickness - 5,2-5,8 mm.

Other types of slate sheets

Less frequently used 5-and 6-wave sheets.   Most often they are covered by warehouses and industrial buildings. Geometrically, the dimensions of the 5-wave slate coincide with the 8-wave slate. The first has a large difference between the usable and nominal area, since a smaller number of waves.

Concerning dimensions of 6-wave sheets, they are as follows:

• the pitch of the wave is 20 cm;
• length - 175 cm;
• thickness - 0,6-0,75 mm;
• width - 112.5 cm.

How to calculate the right amount of wave slate

In order to properly calculate the number of slate sheets, you need measure the roof.In addition, please note that the slate will extend beyond the walls. If there is ebb, the edge of the slate should protrude no less than 15 cm from the wall.

In addition, you will need the dimensions of slate sheets, what they are, you can find above. If your roof is simple in form, for example, gable, then the required number of sheets can be calculated   by the ratio of areas.   Measure the area of ​​your roof and divide it into the useful area of ​​the slate sheet. The result should be rounded up.

There is one more calculation option, which is suitable for uneasy roof. In this case, you need to calculate not the area, but the number of sheets that will go to one side in width and length. Calculations must be made on each side, and then add up the resulting number of sheets. To avoid scoring, increase the overlap.

Preparation of the roof for the installation of slate

Wave slate is the most popular roofing material. It is better to use it to create a roof simple form.

Before laying the slate you need to solve the problem with installing a drainage system   . They can be installed before installation, but then the laying process will be inconvenient.

For a good lay-out, crate. It does not have to be continuous, there is enough distance of 0.5 meters between its elements. This will help save some on the material. Standard slate sheet sizes of 53 cm, it is important to ensure that the crate was not less than it. Once it is ready, you can begin the installation process, but to improve the insulation, it is better to cover the roof with a ruberoid. The roof slopes must be more than 20 degrees.

Roof Mounting Options

After the preparatory stage, you need to inspect all slate sheets. Check if they are damaged. Next, you need to measure their width and length, and then drill the holes for the anchorages, and cut the longitudinal strips or corners. If the roof slope is 20-30 degrees, then the fasteners can be made without sealing connections. In addition, sheets of slate should be placed in the direction of the prevailing wind, which will reduce the risk of precipitation in the gap.

There are 2 popular ways of laying slate. First - in a runaway. It consists in the fact that each sheet is placed on the wave of the previous one. This method is very simple, so it is more common. By the minus it can be attributed high consumption of sheets, as well as an uneven edge on the roof, which requires removal.

The second method - edge misalignment.   It is more time-consuming, since for its implementation it will be necessary to trim corners for complete alignment of sheets. But laying slate in a shuffling way is more economical.

Depending on the method used, a different configuration of slate wave sheets is required. With the displacement method, two-five-wave sheets and full-length sheets are required. If stacking is performed with the alignment of longitudinal joints, then the sheets will need to be cut off different angles.

Fasten sheets nails with a cast hat,   which will guarantee tightness. The nail should be driven into each ledge of the first-row wave. In the remaining rows, the nail is driven into the projection of each 2nd wave. If the roof is gable, then the corner will need a corner element, which is fastened with the same nails. Open hats should be covered with an anti-corrosion mixture.

Modern roofing materials are beautiful and durable, no one will argue. However, the good old slate also does not lie on store shelves. After all, it is very cheap, it is not afraid of fire, and other technical characteristics are quite good. For the roof use only wave slate, the dimensions of which allow with a minimum of waste to cover almost any roof. The main thing is that the slope of its ramp is not less than 12 degrees. It is about the dimensions of wave and flat slate that will be discussed in this article.

  Types of slate sheets and their basic parameters

There are 2 types of slate:

• Wave;
• Flat.

Wave slate may consist of:

• 5 waves;
• 6 waves;
• 7 waves;
• or 8 waves.

Flat slate for roofs is not very suitable. As a rule, it is used for wall sheathing or installation of partitions in economic buildings.

Slate sheets with a wavy profile (consisting of five, six, seven or eight waves) are produced in accordance with GOST 30340-95. However, some manufacturers make this coating according to their own specifications (technical specifications). This is allowed, but in this case the dimensions of the wave slate sheet may differ from the standard ones.

The main dimensions of the slate sheets are as follows:

• Length and width of the sheet;
• sheet thickness;
• distance between the crests of neighboring waves (wave pitch);
• height of the crest of the wave.

According to GOST, there are only two wavy slates:

• The brand of slate is 40/150. The step of its wave is 15 centimeters, and the height of the crest of the wave is 4 centimeters.
• The brand of slate 54/200. The step of the wave is 20 centimeters, the height is 5.4 centimeters.

In addition to the size of the waves, the slate can also differ in the form of the profile. The profile is divided into the following types:

#1. The unified profile, which has the abbreviation HC, is the most economical material. Waste at its use is the smallest. It is often used as the roofing of residential buildings.

Sheet dimensions:

• Width - 1,125 meters;
• length - 1.75 meters.

# 2. The profile is ordinary, abbreviated TO.

It has average sheet sizes:

• The width is 0.68 meters;
• length - 1.12 meters.

# 3. The profile is strengthened, abbreviated VU, has a large thickness (8 millimeters). Therefore, it is mainly used for industrial facilities.

Sheet dimensions:

• Width - 1 meter;
• length - up to 2.8 meters.

Detailed dimensions of wavy slate grades:

  Dimensions of different types of slate

Seven and eight waves are optimal, as experience has shown

For a dacha roof or a small house (up to two floors), such a slate is purchased most often. After all, the useful area of ​​the sheets is not very different from the total area of ​​the sheets. Because the standard overlap, which makes up one or two waves, turns out to be small in comparison with the overall dimensions. By the way, for convenience of overlap, the waves of slate, located at the edge, have slightly different dimensions than the average waves. GOST allows this.

In both of these types of slate, the height of the wave crest (4 centimeters), its pitch (15 centimeters), and the thickness of the sheet (5.2 or 5.8 millimeters) are common. These parameters must comply with GOST 30340-95.

The other dimensions of the slate sheet are different.

Let's start with the size of 7 wave slate:

• The total area is 1,715 square meters;
• useful (real) area - 1,336 square meters;
• weight - 23 kilograms;
• length - 1,75 meters;
• width - 0.98 meters;

One slate sheet with eight waves has the following parameters:

• Area (full) - 1,978 square meters;
• the real area (with a lap of 16 centimeters) - 1.57 square meters;
• weight - 26.1 kg;
• length - 1,75 meters;
• width - 1,13 meters;

Five and six waves are more suitable for production

These types of slate often cover various premises for production needs, for example, warehouses. But in private construction it is unprofitable to use them. The fact is that the size 8 of the wave slate is exactly the same as that of the 5 wave slate. As a result, taking into account the overlap, the difference between the total and the real roof area is too great. As a result, we get a significant overrun.

The thickness of this roofing material is about 7.5 millimeters. The thicker slate (7.5 millimeters) is much less broken when bent and not so severely damaged by shocks and loads. And a negative temperature, it can withstand twice as low as a thin slate.

At 6 wave slate the size is a little different. Its standard sheet has the following dimensions:

• The length is 1.75 meters;
• width - 1,125 meters;
• wave step - 20 centimeters;

Slate flat - popular for cladding and fencing

The thickness of sheets of flat slate can be from 8 to 20 millimeters. A sheet of flat slate may have the following dimensions:

• Length - 3 meters, width - 1.5 meters;
• length - 2 meters, width - 1.5 meters;
• length - 1.75 meters, width - 1.13 meters;
• length - 1.5 meters, width - 1 meter.

However, the most popular sheets with a length of 1.75 and a width of 1.13 meters. The most popular thickness is 10 millimeters (the sheet weighs 40.1 kilograms), 8 millimeters (weight 30.5 kilograms) and 6 millimeters (weight 21.2 kilograms).

  How to calculate the right amount of slate

We measure the roof along the length, and then divide this number by the width of the slate sheet. Taking one-tenth of the overlap, we learn how many sheets we need for one row. And the distance from the base of the roof ridge to its lower overhang should be divided by the length of the slate sheet. Here we add not 10, but 13 percent for the overlap. Round off - that's the number of rows. Just in case, always buy a couple of sheets more than calculated.

Today we will continue the topic: " Making a roof for a suburban by their own hands«.

An important solution when building a house is the choice of roofing material. Especially if you are constrained in the means: you want to choose such material for the roof, which optimally satisfied the characteristics listed below, but, at the same time, it did not cost like a whole helicopter:

• durable;
• "Decent" appearance;
• eco-friendly;
• frost-resistant;
• simple installation (especially if you plan to do it yourself);
• simple operation and low operating costs in the future;
• the possibility of completing additional elements.

We studied the whole range of roofing materials offered by the market today (you can read about it) and chose asbestos-cement wavy roofing - roofing from slate.

From the history of slate

Slate (German schiefer - slate) - originally a tile that was obtained by splitting rocks (clay shale). Slate is an ancient (as well as shingles, for example) roofing material, which was used in the Middle Ages. They say that buildings with a roof made of natural slate have survived to our times.

Today, slate is rarely used in Russia, but the name "slate" has taken hold. Slate   now called corrugated sheets of asbestos cement. In addition, the slate is also called other wavy roofing materials: asbestos-free slate, euro-slate, metal scaffold.

Asbestos cement slate is made by molding a mixture that consists of Portland cement, asbestos and water. After giving the desired density and shape to the products by pressing, bending, cutting, then hardening and holding at a certain temperature, everyone gets a familiar slate.

Thin fibers of asbestos are evenly distributed in portland cement and form a grid. The resulting reinforcing mesh enhances the tensile strength of the slate and the toughness.

Domestic plants produce wavy asbestos-cement sheets in accordance with GOST 16233-77. Brands and specifications you can find in this article just below.

Advantages and disadvantages of roofing from slate (asbestos cement wavy sheets):

Let's start with pleasant advantages:

• High water resistance - excellent protection against precipitation;
• High resistance to temperature changes;
• High resistance to mechanical stresses (snow cover pressure);
• Protection from solar radiation;
• Non-combustibility;
• Relatively small weight (14-20 kg / sq.m);
• Durability (up to 50 years);
• Possibility of self-assembly;
• Absorption of noise during rain;
• Under the roof, moisture does not condense. there is no need for vapor barrier;
• Easy in processing, can be used when sawing with a regular saw;
• Low cost;
• Ability to color slate

All this allowed the slate to become a truly popular roofing material!

However, like any other material, the slate also has disadvantages you need to know about:

• Slate with time loses its waterproof properties;
• The edges of the sheets are broken, especially in the longitudinal direction;
• The color of the slate changes. The roof acquires an uneven color from gray to dark gray;
• In the shade, slate is often covered with lichens;
• It is fragile and inconvenient for transportation;
• Brittle when walking on it (if you have to walk on the roof - go cautiously).

Issued by domestic plants asbestos-cement wavy sheets and their technical characteristics

Thus, the choice of asbestos-cement sheets is quite wide.

How much slate is needed on the roof

Before starting work, you must first calculate how much material, and, therefore, what amounts may be needed to purchase the materials necessary for roofing with slate.

The length of the slope of the roof is considered from the ridge to the edge of the cornice. The width is the distance between the extreme edges of the cornice eaves above the pediments (for the gable roof).

Below, we will list the volume and basic materials required for the device   100 sq.m. ordinary covering of the roof from asbestos-cement wavy sheets of ordinary profile   on a wooden crate with its device when fastening with nails or screws:

1. Sheets of ordinary profile slate - 135.0 sq. M. m;
2. Nails roofing zinc-plated - 8,0 kg;
3. or screws 85 mm - 10,6 kg;
4. Ridge patterns 1200 mm long - 20 pieces;
5. Forgings for construction - 6.0 kg;
6. Forged zinc-plated - 10 kg;
7. Washers made of galvanized steel - 500 pcs .;
8. Bruski 50x50 mm - 0,54 cubic meters;
9. Planks 50 mm - 0.48 cubic meters;
10. Construction nails - 5,6 kg.
11. Thickets - 500 pcs.

Source: "General reference book of a civil engineer. Construction and finishing work. Consumption of materials". Belov N.V. - Minsk, Harvest, 2007.

To convert square meters of slate sheets to their number, you need:

• calculate the area of ​​your chosen slate sheet, for example, VO size 1200mm length and 686mm width. Multiply the lengths of the sides and get the area of ​​the sheet: 1,200 m х 0,686 m = 0,8232 m 2;
• consider the number of sheets: 135.0 sq.m. / 0,8232 sq.m = 163,994 or 164 sheets of slate grade BO.

Thus, you can approximately find out the required volume and list of material. By replacing materials and knowing their characteristics, you will more accurately calculate: what, how much. how much and for how much.

Preparation of the base under the roof of the slate

On how to prepare a roof for laying slate and the technology of laying slate you can learn by listening to audio. We recommend that you read the information below after listening to the audio. There you can find a lot of useful and interesting on the topic: " How to cover the roof with slate«.

When preparing the roof and directly while carrying out roof roofing work with slate we tried to observe the technology as outlined in SNiP II-26-76 Roof.   Because the slope of our roof is 33 degrees, then in accordance with the same SNiP as perfectly as possible: the roof of asbestos-cement wavy sheets is used with a roof slope of 10-33 degrees.

The rafters are installed (we discussed this in detail in the article, as well as in the article), it is chosen, it's time to start preparing the basis for laying slate.

• The film is rolled out and immediately fixed on the rafter feet. The film should be rolled out with horizontal panels, starting from the bottom of the roof. Horizontal overlap should be at least 15 cm, vertical - also not less than 15 cm;

• Then we fill the counter-rack. The counter-rack must be stuffed over the film along the contour of the rafter legs (see the figure above). For a counter-rake, we took a rail with a width of 5 cm and a height of 3 cm;

• We load the lath on the rail. For the battens we used to cut a board with a width of 10 cm and a height of 2.5 cm. Both the counter and the crate are attached to the rafters using ordinary nails;

• The counter boards must be nailed according to the following rule: under each sheet of slate we nail three boards: under the bottom of the slate sheet, under the top of the slate sheet and under the middle part of the slate sheet.

• The lower board of the crate is nailed along the edge (overhang) of the rafter legs. Slate will be nailed to 5 cm below the bottom board of the crate;

• The upper board of the crate is nailed at the very top of the rafters' legs - over the ridge;

• Now measure the distance between the bottom and top boards of the crate (taking into account 5 cm, which we mentioned above);

• Knowing the distance between the top and bottom boards, we can calculate the overlap of slate sheets;

• It is necessary in accordance with SNiP II-26-76 Roofs to observe the following provisions:

1. Across the roof slope, the overlapping edge of the asbestos-cement sheet should overlap the wave of the overlapping edge of the adjacent sheet;
2. Along the slope of the roof, the lapping of asbestos-cement sheets must be at least 150 and not more than 300 mm;

• We got exactly 4 slate sheets across the roof slope, overlapping at the same time is 100 mm. This is slightly less than the standard, but we decided to make such an overlap to not cut the slate. With an increase in the overlap, we would have a fifth incomplete height row;

• If you need to reduce the size of the slate sheet or saw off the corner of the slate when laying it, moisten the place of cutting with water before you cut it. When cutting, be sure to use a respirator and glasses - hitting the lungs, dust has an extremely harmful effect on the body. Wetting the place of the saw cut allows you to reduce the amount of dust.

• You can cut the slate with a hand saw or a grinder with a stone disc, or you can make a series of holes with a nail and a hammer on a previously outlined line at a distance of 1-1.5 cm - then break off part of the slate. The fracture is uneven, but the dust is at a minimum;

• Now, knowing the number of rows of slate and knowing the overlap, mark out the roof in order to properly nail the slate boards to the rail. In the photo below it is clear at what distance to beat cross-pieces to the slats. In your case, with a different overlap, the distance will change;

• Above the pediment we produced a board with a margin. Cut off the board afterwards, pulling the marking thread from below upwards along the pediment and from the bottom, taking into account the slate's output relative to the board by 5 cm.

• Slate beat on the marking thread - so it turns out more accurately.

How to properly lay the slate

• Slate must be laid starting from the bottom row;

• When laying four slate sheets (two in the first row and two in the second row, the rows are arranged one above the other), at the point of their intersection, large gaps are formed. To avoid this, it is necessary to cut corners at the slate.

• Again, according to the above SNiPu, ordinary sheets must be cut off - diagonal opposite angles are cut off. In this case, the cornice, ridge and edge sheets must have only one cut angle. Do not cut corners only at the initial cornice and end ridge sheets of slate;