- Materials for concrete mortar and marking tools
- Calculation of materials for the arrangement of the foundation
- Armature and crochet wire in foundation
Any construction begins with the design of the house, and any design begins with a foundation. This part of the house keeps the whole structure on itself, and therefore it is important to correctly calculate and erect it.
When hardening the plate, the rods are laid every 20 cm, therefore, on one side they need to be laid 41 pieces.
8 / 0.2 = 40 pcs. + 1 pc. = 41 bars.
The same amount is stacked on the other hand, all you need to pack 82 pieces. The plate is reinforced at the top and bottom, therefore, the number of bars is increased to 164 pcs. They are 6-11.7 m in length. Short rods overlap, long ones are cut to the desired length.
The diameter of the bars for horizontal belts: 164 × 6 = 984 m.
To fix the reinforcing cage, vertical bars are installed at each intersection point of the horizontal grid.
Number of intersections: 41 × 41 = 1681 pcs.
The height of the bars is 10 cm, since it is customary to lay the horizontal weave of the reinforcement with indentations of 5 cm from both sides of the base. This is done so that the metal fittings do not look out of the concrete and are not corroded.
Vertical connections require: 0.1 × 1681 = 168.1 m of reinforcement.
Total consumption of reinforcement: 984 + 168.1 = 1152.1 m.
The reinforcing cage is fixed with the help of bundles with a knitting wire. Bundles are performed at the intersection of vertical reinforcement with horizontal rods of both nets.
The total number of such ligaments should be: 1681 × 2 = 3362 pcs.
As a rule, 30 cm of wire is consumed per bundle, therefore, the total material consumption will be:
0.3 × 3362 = 1008.6 m.
Hardening of the belt structure is carried out with a 10-12 mm reinforcement. For a 40 cm wide structure, the reinforcement is laid lengthwise in 2 pieces. above and below.
Example: a tape base under a building with an internal bearing wall with dimensions of 8 × 8 m, a width of 40 cm, a height of 70 cm.
The length of the tape is: 40 m.
The need for longitudinal ribbed elements of the reinforcing cage: 40 × 4 = 160 m.
The transverse and vertical elements of the frame are made of smooth reinforcement 6 mm thick, they are installed through 0.5 m. With a width of 40 cm and a height of 70 cm, taking into account the indentation, 1.8 m of smooth reinforcement is required.
The connections will be: 40 / 0.5 = 80 + 1 = 81 pcs.
The right amount of smooth reinforcement: 1.8 × 81 = 145.8 m.
Calculate how much you need a knitting wire:
0.3 × 4 × 81 = 97.2 m.
The columnar bases are reinforced with 10 mm thick bars. Elements of corrugated metal are installed vertically for 2-4 pieces, and from the smooth laid horizontally. Vertical elements are equal to the height of the post. They are located at a distance of 10 cm relative to each other.
Example: 40 columns, column diameter 20 cm, pole height 2 m, number of bars in the column - 4 pcs.
Ribbed reinforcement per post is required: 2 × 4 = 8 m.
The need for smooth fittings for each connection:
0.1 × 4 × 4 = 1.6 m.
Required quantity of reinforcement:
- ribbed - 40 × 8 = 320 m.
- smooth - 40 × 1,6 = 64 m.
For 1 post, you need: 0.3 × 4 × 4 = 4.8 m of binding material. The need for the entire structure: 4.8 × 40 = 144 m.
In addition to binding the frame elements when concreting the foundations under the buildings, it is possible to connect the reinforcement by welding.
Currently, a novelty has appeared on the construction market - polymer rods. Their advantages:
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For any type of construction you have to deal with a large number of calculations. All this is very important and has a significant role for all construction in general. After all, it is through calculations that you can find out the exact amount of required materials, for example.
Directly some measurements and calculations affect the cost of constructed objects and any construction projects. Therefore, the calculation in the construction industry is extremely important.
It is necessary to do this, to know the basis by means of which all calculations related to the stages of construction are carried out. Today we will discuss an important topic that is related to the calculation of concrete on the foundation.
The main stages of calculation
Any calculation assumes the stages by means of which the calculation is performed step-by-step. Everywhere there is a sequence and when performing calculations there are stages that must be followed to achieve the correct and correct result.
So, from which stages does the calculation consist? Are all stages important? Let's outline the main steps that will allow for the calculation.
Before you even start calculating, you need to determine and know in advance what type of foundation is used in the construction.
Let us single out several types of foundations:
- ribbon foundation, in other words it is all known monolithic;
- pile foundation;
- foundation plate type.
Based on this classification, calculation is already carried out. Therefore, the first step will be to determine the type of foundation.
Consider the option of calculating the ribbon foundation. As a rule, in practice, this type of foundation is divided into several rectangular forms, which in the future will give in aggregate the total volume. The next step is to calculate the volume. Here everything is quite simple.
Just remember that the foundation still has reinforcement, which is a component and formwork, without which the existence of a foundation is also difficult to imagine.
For calculation, you need to know such data as:
- tape geometry;
- length of reinforcement;
- section of reinforcement.
In general, it should be noted that the calculations are made using calculators, in which you need to substitute values. And, it does not matter what type of foundation you want to calculate.
- foundation of pile type.
To calculate it you will need:
- concrete consumption;
- area of circular section;
As a result, the area is multiplied by the height and the result is learned, which interests us.
Determine the total volume
Let's now try to determine how much we need in the aggregate.
For this we need to know:
- type of foundation that is used during construction. The definition of the foundation is carried out depending on various characteristics. Of great importance is the load on the foundation, what load it will be provided, as well as the bearing capacity of the ground.
- dimensions and geometry of the foundation
Correction factor
What is the correction factor and why is it needed? What is its role? The point is that in the course of determining the amount of concrete required for construction, the calculations obtained in most cases require a small correction, with which the correction factor is directly related.
Correction is necessary, first of all, in connection with the design features. It is also necessary in view of shrinkage of concrete. The most, perhaps, the most common value of the correction factor is in the range of 1.5-2%. To account for it, you need to increase the order quantity by the appropriate amount (multiply by 1.015-1.02).
Design Features
Features of designs play an important role and sometimes even decisive. After all, construction is a delicate matter and requires a lot of attention, as well as accurate calculations that need to be constantly reviewed. The structures also have their differences and are subject to deformation in connection with the composition of materials, weather conditions and other factors.
We specify all required dimensions in mm
H - Height.
A -Thickness.
X - Width.
Y - Length.
C - Distance between the axes of the jumper.
S - The distance between the reinforcement connections.
G - Horizontal rows.
V - Vertical rods.
Z - Connecting fittings.
The right amount of cement for 1 m³ of concrete solution will be different, in each case.
These parameters will depend on the proportion and fractions of fillers, the brand of cement used (which are indicated on the bags) and the brand of the desired concrete.
Planning the foundation of the house is an important and responsible process that requires accurate counting of materials and for its construction. As a rule, the total price of a monolithic structure for a building can be a third of the total price of a house.
Our service allows you to significantly simplify the calculation and plan a monolithic foundation for future construction. You will be able to calculate the amount of concrete slurry, formwork boards, fittings that will be required to fill the tape monolith.
What you will learn:
- The area of the basis for the future of the house (this is useful for calculating the amount of waterproofing and thermal insulation);
- Number of overlapping slabs and concrete mortar for the foundation;
- The number of reinforcement, depending on its diameter, length and weight, which are involved in the calculation;
- Total area of the construction and side surfaces (for counting the monolith waterproofing);
- The number of building materials in pieces and the area of the formwork and cubic meters;
- Calculation of the approximate price of building materials (for each individual project);
- Drawing of the future foundation.
This service will be useful for those who design and fill a monolithic basis for the house.
Composition of concrete
The cost of these materials is indicated additionally, depending on the region of the country and the season.
It should be taken into account that the composition of the ready-mix concrete depends directly on the cement brand, in what conditions it was stored and its "freshness", the size of fractions of gravel and gravel. With increased humidity bags with cement are converted into a monolith and lose their properties.
The price of rubble and sand should be indicated for 1 ton in the calculator. While the supplier names the price of materials for 1m³.
From the place of origin of sand will directly depend on its specific gravity. 1 m³ of river sand weighs an average of 1500 kg, which is heavier than a career one.
With crushed stone or gravel is a little more difficult, since 1 m³ can differ greatly depending on the size of fractions from 1200 to 2500 kg.
These parameters you can specify from suppliers of bulk materials, as well as their cost.
The online calculator will help you find out the approximate price of materials for a future home base. It is also necessary to take into account self-tapping screws and nails, reinforcement, delivery of construction materials, waste on construction and earthwork.
The process of pouring the foundation
It is necessary to plan the site before starting the pouring works, excavate the trench or trench and install the formwork. For the best work all get factory concrete, as it will allow you to evenly fill the entire area of your structure in one run. In that case, if you intend to manually make the ribbon foundation yourself, then you should take into account that it is best to fill the monolithic base in one day. Since otherwise, "cold seams" will be formed, which will cause the destruction of the monolith. If nevertheless you ordered a factory concrete truck, then make sure that it is provided with access for pouring concrete from any angle.
Step-by-step process:
- Fill the concrete solution with layers of 20 cm;
- Trumb the wooden ramows with each layer, removing all the voids in the monolith;
- Each wall of the formwork is taped with a hammer;
- The fill is made according to the level of the fixed label;
- After that, the trowel needs to plan neatly the surface of the concrete, while for checking the valve we pierce the monolith in different places to let out the remaining air. You can tap the formwork with a wooden hammer from the outside.
Now it remains to give the ribbon foundation to stand for 30 days, before covering it with a waterproof material and daily wetting it with water. When the concrete has hardened, you can remove the boards and move on to further work.
Correctly executed design estimates are the basis of any construction. This factor makes it possible to avoid overexpenditure of the material, and, therefore, unnecessary costs. Also, forced downtime of the work process is eliminated as a result of insufficient number of necessary components. To the full extent, this applies to foundation works, since it is desirable to make the filling phase one step.
Quite often, for certain reasons, private developers prefer to prepare concrete themselves. Of course, you need to calculate the required volume of the mixture in advance, which is done with a fairly simple arithmetic operation. But because of the difference in the types of foundation structure, the counting formulas also differ. If there is a practice of cooking , for example, for brickwork, the process will go more fun.
Especially lazy people can combine the calculation of cement on the foundation and calculator, which is available on the network at specialized sites. Determine the amount of material in this way can only be approximately that for a small building is not entirely acceptable.
Formulas for volume calculations for certain types of foundation structures:
- Plate - it is enough to multiply the parameters of the area and height of the planned plate V = S x H.
- Tape - the product of the total length of the structure and the cross-sectional area V = S x L.
- Pile - to determine the cross section of one support and multiply the result by the number of piles V = S x H x N, if the columns have a cylindrical shape, then the cross section is calculated by the formula 3.14 x R².
Now you can directly begin to calculate the volume of the cement mixture. It should be borne in mind that the recommended Portland cement is M400 and M500. Depending on the design marking of the finished concrete, certain masses of components are used for its preparation.
Below is a table of the ratio of W / C (water / cement) in order to eventually obtain a certain brand of concrete solution.
If the hydro solution is planned without the use of ballast, the coefficient B \\ U should be reduced by 0.1. But this is not all the data, for example, the amount of water depends on the volume of sand and the size of the fraction of crushed stone. Basic proportions of 1: 3: 5 or 1: 4: 4 (Portland cement: sand: gravel) do not take into account these factors, so the calculation of cement for the foundation will not be reliable. The required ratios are presented in the table:
Example of calculations
Suppose we have the following material at our disposal:
- Crushed stone of 25 mm fraction (ρ = 2700 kg / m³).
- The sand is fine-grained (ρ = 2500 kg / m³).
- Portland cement M400 (ρ = 3000 kg / m³).
The technology for further action is as follows:
- According to table 1 values of water-cement (B / C) we learn that for the brand of solution M300 (and we need such a mixture) the coefficient is 0.53.
- According to table 2 of water consumption, we determine that for 1 m3 of the solution, you need 195 liters of water (0.195 m³), hence we calculate the required portland cement weight: 195 / 0.53 = 368 kg.
- Now consider the volume of fillers (sand and crushed stone) per 1 m³ of mixture: 1 - ((368/3000) +0.195) = 0.682 m³ (682 l).
- Next, according to Table 2, we determine the percentage of sand - 46% (0.46), which implies that its volume: 682 × 0.46 = 313.7 liters (0.314 m3).
- To find out the amount of rubble, you need to subtract from the total volume of fillers the amount of sand: 682-313.7 = 368.3 liters (0.368 m³).
- Taking into account density and volumes of fillers, it is possible to calculate their weight: sand - 0,314 × 2500 = 785 kg; crushed stone - 0,368 × 2700 = 993,6 kg.
As a result, for the preparation of 1 cube of concrete solution grade 300 from portland cement M400 it is necessary:
- 195 liters of water;
- 368 kg of Portland cement;
- 785 kg of sand;
- 993.6 kg of crushed stone.
For a complete calculation, multiply the figures obtained by the number of solutions required for the operation of the cubes. As can be seen, the procedure for counting components is not more complicated , so it takes a little time.
Why do you need a calculator for calculating the amount of cement on the foundation of any configuration
Modern technologies do not bypass the construction industry, thanks to which the developers have not only an effective tool, but also various software development for the design. With the help of the latter, you can do both a project and a calculation of the required amount of materials.
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A proven calculator in the process of preparation has proved to be an online calculator for calculating cement and fillers for making any type of foundation. The procedure is fairly straightforward and is available to any beginner builder, it is enough to add known indicators to certain graphs:
- portland cement brand;
- base parameters;
- number of reinforcing belts;
- required grade of concrete.
The results are announced almost instantaneously and are displayed in the form of cubic meters of material, linear meters of reinforcement, as well as the necessary amount of timber for formwork. It is important to take into account that with increasing brand of concrete, the volumes of used components are also growing.
Alexey Shamborskiy, June 28, 2015
The foundation is the foundation of the house, on which the durability, reliability and safety of the structure depend. Therefore, before starting its pouring, it is necessary to conduct a study of the soil of the land. The choice of the type of foundation and the cost estimate for its masonry depend on the composition and indices of the soil. Online calculator calculates the foundation will correctly design the foundation of the house from an engineering and technical point of view.
How to calculate the foundation yourself?
For the purpose of determining the required volume of concrete (V) for the house base, a special formula is applied that provides for multiplying the following design parameters:
- P - perimeter of the foundation;
- H - height of the foundation (underground and aboveground parts);
- B - the width of the foundation.
When calculating the proportion of a concrete mixture, it is necessary to take into account the cement grade, the fractionality of sand and gravel, and also the degree of their density. Calculator calculating concrete on the foundation under the house will give the right amount of concrete in cubic meters. It also provides online calculation of materials (reinforcement, cement, sand, gravel, boards for formwork) on the foundation. In this case, the quantity of required reinforcement is indicated in meters, sand and gravel in tons.
Calculation of the strip foundation
Belt base - the most popular type of foundation, which is due to its technical characteristics and economic benefits.
Effective design of the foundation will allow correctly distributing external loads along its perimeter, which is an important stage in the subsequent construction work. A proper calculation of the foundation has a high probability of making mistakes that, with years of operation, are fraught with destruction of the structure. A specially developed calculator calculates the tape foundation takes into account the engineering subtleties of its device.
The result of specifying the requested parameters in the corresponding input fields assumes the receipt of data regarding:
- reinforcement of the foundation;
- formwork material;
- volume of concrete, cement, sand and crushed stone.
A convenient and simple online calculator is designed to significantly simplify the calculation process of the strip foundation.