Live outside the city in the usual comfortable conditions, without harming the ecological situation, it is possible, thanks to septic tanks. Their installation is carried out both at the very first stage of construction, and in already built-up facilities. Despite the fact that many ready-made solutions for wastewater treatment are now available, in order to save money, it is possible to make a septic tank using concrete rings.
Of concrete rings It is possible to make purification systems of two types.
A simplified version includes two cameras:
- a settling tank, where rough heavy suspensions are removed from the effluents, and the standing water enters the second stage of purification;
- filtration well, working on the principle of soil filtration and representing a bottomless container, at the bottom of which the filtering bed is poured.
Passing through the bottom filter, the water flows into the soil.
The second type of construction is more complex and cumbersome, but it allows to carry out sewage treatment with greater efficiency. It includes 3 tanks:
The way to organize the last stage of the septic tank depends largely on the type of soil. On sandy soils with a low GW, a filtration well can be built. Clay soils are poorly permeable to water, so absorption and purification of water by soil is impossible, in this case, filter cartridges are organized.
They are filtration fields, additionally equipped with drains, which collect the filtration-purified water and drain it into the drainage well.
If you use the septic regularly, then you better stop at a more complex device. But before that you need to know what advantages and disadvantages there are in a concrete structure.
The positive and negative aspects of the organization of a septic tank from concrete rings
Before you start working with concrete, you need to know about its advantageous qualities, as well as about the disadvantages with which the installation and operation of a septic tank is associated.
Benefits
- A concrete septic tank will allow you to save a substantial amount of money in the first place. Especially when compared with the finished plastic stations local cleaning water.
- Septic tanks of concrete rings have a large capacity.
- Concrete is a durable material, resistant to ground pressure volley discharge and rapid temperature changes.
disadvantages
- Since the rings are heavy, special equipment is required for their delivery and installation.
- In the concrete it is difficult to make holes for the branch pipes of the inlet and outlet pipelines.
- The volume of the rings not only provides a greater capacity for the septic tank, but it forces us to allocate large areas for the arrangement of the purification system.
- The walls of concrete rings are prone to the appearance of cracks and chips, violation of the integrity of the joints. Therefore, periodically it will be necessary to conduct an internal examination for defects in the walls and, if necessary, to remove them, in order to restore the septic seal. Otherwise, the wastewater will enter the soil without proper cleaning, damaging the ecological condition of the site.
- A stench can emanate from the septic tank. But this problem is solved by adding biologics to the container.
What volume should be a septic tank
If, knowing now all the features of concrete, you decided to build a septic tank from it, then you need to determine the volume of the tank, the size and number of rings necessary for it.
The volume of the septic tank depends on the number of residents living in the house. It is generally believed that a person consumes about 200 liters of water a day. It is not difficult to guess that multiplying this indicator by the number of members of your family, you can get an approximate amount of sewage. To make an amendment for the arrival of guests, the volume received should be increased by 10-20%. This will be the performance of a septic tank.
If the output is less than 5 m 3, then according to the rules, to calculate the volume of the septic tank, the volume of waste should be multiplied by 3, if more than 5, then by 2.5. This correction is made for the time of sewage treatment, which can take up to three days.
Let's say that there will be 5 people in your house. The productivity will be 1,1 m 3, taking into account the possible arrival of guests, that means the volume of the septic tank should be 3 m 3 or so.
Knowing the ring size and their internal volume, it will be easy to calculate the required number of rings.
Note! It is better to buy rings with a diameter of at least 1 m. So the septic tank will be easier to maintain. In addition, the small transverse dimension of the deposition chamber can cause the particles to not settle down during the time that the liquid reaches the overflow pipe.
The process of installing a septic tank from concrete rings
The volume of the septic tank is counted. Now you need to choose the right place for its installation on your site. In this case, sanitary and building standards provide for the following regulations:
- from sources groundwater the septic tank must be removed by 50 m;
- trees and shrubs should not be closer than 3 meters to the septic, since their roots can destroy it;
- from the foundation of residential buildings, the septic tank must be removed for a minimum of 5 meters, but not more than 10 meters, to prevent clogging of the supply pipeline;
- the pipe from the house to the septic tank should not have bends if possible.
Note! If the planned location for the septic tank is too far from the house, then a well should be installed on the pipeline. Similar wells are mounted on all corners of sewage pipes.
It is best to draw a diagram of the site with the selected location, planned and existing communications and buildings. After that, you can proceed with the selection and purchase of materials and tools.
Below is a list of all the necessary:
- the rings themselves of concrete, including the neck or overlap, as well as rings with a sealed bottom;
- hatches for septic tanks;
- pipelines for ventilation, connection of cleaning stages, drainage from the house, and also connecting elements;
- building materials for treatment of joints, backfilling of the bottom filter;
- tools for cutting and joining plastic pipes, as well as shovel, trowel, brush.
It is also necessary to hire digging and lifting equipment and determine their approach to the installation site.
If you have sorted out all of the above, then you can proceed with the construction of the pit.
Preparation of a pit
The configuration of the excavation will depend on whether it is planned to place the septic tanks in a straight line or in the form of a triangle. Dimensions of the pit should be such that from the walls of the excavation to the reservoirs was a minimum of half a meter. This will make the formwork and facilitate the installation process of the rings.
In addition, the septic tank itself should be located below the zero-temperature level characteristic of the winter period, and each subsequent chamber is set 0.2-0.3 m below the previous one.
If there is no concrete bottom in the lower ring of the first two chambers of the future septic tank, then a concrete foundation is poured on the bottom of the pit. For a filtration well, which should not have a bottom, pour a half-meter cushion of rubble.
At the stage of preparation of the excavation, a trench is usually dripped for the sewage pipe. It should be noted that the pipeline should pass with a slope of 2-3 cm per meter.
The pit is ready, you can proceed directly to the installation.
Step 1. Rings with the help of a crane are set strictly horizontally on each other.
Step 2. Seal the joints of the rings with liquid glass mixed with cement. As an increase in the strength of the joints, they can also be smoothed with bitumen from inside the septic tank, and also secured with staples, which will not allow the rings to move in the horizontal plane.
Step 3. Lay an external sewer pipe going from house to septic tank.
Step 4. In the released rings make holes for the supply pipeline and pipes connecting the septic tanks. In this case, the pipe between the first two septic tanks must pass 0.3 meters higher than between the second chamber and the filtration well. Fittings for pipes are installed in all openings.
Step 5. Lay the connecting pipes.
Step 6. All pipelines are connected to the septic tank through prepared fittings, and the joints are treated with silicone-based sealant or liquid glass.
Step 7. Outside, the septic tank is covered with a roofing material.
Step 8. The septic tank is backfilled with a sandy-soil mix to the edge of the upper ring. At the same stage, pipes are poured.
Step 9. Install the neck or slab, as well as the hatch. Hatches allow servicing of septic tanks, consisting in evacuation of sediment and solid silt, addition of biological preparations, and in the filtration well - to replace the filtering layer every 5 years or earlier, if required.
Note! If the second chamber plays the role of an aerotank, then an aerator and river silt are placed in it. Compressors of the aerator will also need to be connected to the power cable.
Step 10. Cover the septic tank with a heater, cover with dirt and restore the landscape.
The septic tank is ready.
Also read on our website the article - septic tank.
Video - Self-made septic tank of concrete rings
At arrangement sewage system for a private house it is worth paying attention to septic tanks from concrete rings, which are simple enough to build and easy to operate.
Long enough as the main element of the sewage system of a private house in the dacha was an ordinary cesspool, but during its operation it was necessary to encounter a variety of inconveniences.
First of all, unpleasant odors constantly flowed from her, besides this, she needed periodic cleaning.
Today, all these problems allow to solve the septic device from concrete rings, which can be installed in a dacha or near any private house.
The principle of operation of a septic tank made of concrete rings, which is properly and properly installed, will allow you to cope with a sufficiently large volume of sewage.
In addition, it can be built almost anywhere in the country.
The device of the septic tank from concrete rings implies the presence of ventilation, the scheme of operation and construction of which makes it practically impossible to feel unpleasant odors on the territory of the dacha.
In addition, the septic tank does not require permanent maintenance, and repairs are only made when necessary. Before you make a septic tank of concrete rings, you need to understand the principle of its operation and device.
Of course, the price of a septic tank built of concrete rings will be high enough, but it's worth it. You can try an alternative and make the installation cesspool from concrete rings.
In this case, the bottom of the well is made drainage in the form of a mixture of gravel and sand, as a result of which all the impurities will gradually go into the ground.
Even if such a single-chamber septic tank is made deep, it will not be able to cope properly with large volumes of water, and from time to time it will have to be cleaned.
With such a device, everything will be decided by the size and depth of the well. In addition, there is a high probability that in the very near future there will be clogging of soil and nearby groundwater.
In order not to think about water consumption and when not to face the problem of diversion of sewage and sewage, you need to think about a more efficient design.
The optimum alternative will be a septic tank of concrete rings with its own hands, the design of which will consist of several separate cameras, as shown in the video below.
The most ordinary two-chamber septic tank made of concrete rings, the installation and arrangement of which can be carried out by everyone, is the best solution to the problem with sewage drainage in a suburban area.
If all work is done correctly, then it can be used for a long period of time.
In addition, there is no need to carry out regular maintenance and cleaning of such a septic tank, and repairs are carried out only when necessary.
This design always keeps the soil clean and does not affect groundwater. Unlike a cesspool, a septic tank consisting of several chambers practically does not emit smells.
The main disadvantage of such a device is the high price of the materials used, and also a rather complicated installation.
The size of the well for the construction of such a septic tank depends mainly on the number and volume of reservoirs, and these parameters are calculated before the installation itself begins.
More details on how to mount a septic tank of concrete rings can be seen in the video posted above.
The classic and most common option for a septic tank that effectively cope with a large volume of sewage is a three-chamber design, as shown in the photo below.
The scheme of this design implies the construction of a certain well, which will consist of three separate tanks.
Each tank performs a certain function and has some features in the design.
So, the main and main camera in this case is the first, which carries out the reception of all sewage and sewage.
Its sealing should be carried out as tightly as possible, since it is here that decomposition and stratification of all sewage waste will occur.
In this reservoir, as a result of certain processes, the decomposition of microorganisms and bacteria occurs, which leads to the liberation of all kinds of gases and alkali and, as a result, their complete decay.
The next tank also serves for aerobic fermentation of microorganisms, however in this case the sealing is not so dense, and air participates in the process.
In the chamber of this well, the final natural decomposition of bacteria takes place, the large elements of which settle to the bottom and finally rot.
The last reservoir does not have a monolithic bottom, and from it the remaining sewage through the drainage system go deep into the ground.
It should be noted that practically pure water enters the reservoir of this well, which does not pose any threat to soil and groundwater.
All tanks are specially connected to each other due to a special overflow system. In addition, their waterproofing must be carried out.
A big role in the construction of this device is the ventilation of the septic tank from concrete rings, which is arranged according to a certain principle.
An example scheme of a septic of this type is shown in the photo below.
Construction of a septic tank
All work on the construction of a septic tank begins with digging a pit for each concrete ring separately. The dimensions of such excavations should be slightly larger in diameter than the dimensions of the concrete rings.
The pit is carried out on a specially prepared place for this purpose, which should be located at the maximum possible distance from residential buildings and groundwater.
It should be noted that it is possible to arrange rings from concrete both in one line and in the form of a triangle.
After the pits are dug, it is necessary to strengthen their edges as far as possible and carefully tamp the bottom of each. Next, the foundation is poured with two grooves of cement mortar.
A waterproofing of the bottom of the pits must be made mandatory, as this will help to avoid negative consequences in the future.
Waterproofing the bottom of pits can be any material intended for this purpose.
After the bottom of each pit has been prepared and waterproofed, the concrete rings themselves are assembled. The rings are neatly placed in pits on top of each other.
In this case, the seams can be waterproofed with both resin and special grease.
It should be noted that the bottom of the last tank should be a drainage system made of a mixture of sand and gravel.
Also, the gap between the concrete rings and the edges of the pit should be carefully and densely covered.
After this, it is necessary to install the overflow system, which will interconnect all the tanks.
An approximate scheme of the septic device and the connection between each tank is shown in the photo in our article.
The final stage of work
After the installation of concrete rings, as well as their waterproofing, will be carried out, the laying of the sewage pipe itself begins.
Under it, dig a small pit, which must also be waterproofed. The pipe must seal the house and the septic tank itself.
In order to repair the internal structure of the septic tank if necessary, it is necessary to provide appropriate technological holes.
They should provide free access to each well, if necessary, to repair and clean the septic tank.
Despite the fact that repair and maintenance of the septic tank from concrete rings during its operation is extremely rare, it may still be necessary.
In most cases, repairs may be required to the connecting overflow pipes, as well as a sewer pipe that connects the tanks to the house.
To them it is necessary to provide as much as possible free access which will allow to execute all necessary volume of works.
Very rarely there is a need to repair the bottom of the septic tank, but to avoid this, you should carefully check its tightness and strength during the construction of the structure.
For more information on how to build a septic tank using concrete rings, see the video.
The use of a septic tank made of concrete rings as a basic element of the construction, avoids a number of problems in its subsequent operation.
First of all, such rings are not subject to corrosion processes. It can withstand well high pressure and can operate in a variety of soils.
The main disadvantage of the concrete rings is their relatively high price, but the durability and reliability of the septic tank erected from them still makes such a design justified.
It should be noted that such a septic tank practically does not fail during the whole operation time, which means that repairs can be extremely rare.
In addition, anyone who has a relatively small building experience will be able to build a septic tank of concrete rings with his own hands.
Construction of a septic tank of concrete rings on suburban area allows to effectively solve the problem of installing a sewage system.
Such a device has good reliability and strength, which makes it possible to operate it for a long period of time.
Such a septic tank successfully copes with the processing of a sufficiently large volume of sewage, which means that it can be equipped also where a large and friendly family lives.
The works on its arrangement should be made in strict accordance with the generally accepted technology and use only high-quality building materials.
It is worth noting that the concrete rings are the optimal material from which a septic tank can be made.
A self-made septic tank based on finished reinforced concrete links is a good alternative to expensive industrial equipment. Let's consider in detail this popular way of the decision of a problem of recycling of sewage.
Selecting the septic tank configuration
One of the three variants of a concrete septic tank is constructed with their own hands:
- Single-chamber sump is suitable for cottages with seasonal living of a small number of people. Inexpensive for initial investments, subsequently it will require periodic expenses for calling the suction machine.
- The two-compartment septic tank is a more advanced option, which provides minimal cleaning. The first container serves for the settling of heavy fractions, and through the second chamber the standing water flows into the soil through the drainage layer of gravel.
- A three-chamber septic tank, consisting of two sedimentation tanks and a drainage well, is considered to be a complete purification system. The purification of waste water reaches 80-90%, but in general this installation lasts much longer without the need for maintenance.
Calculation of septic parameters
When designing a local septic tank, consider the following:
- The volume of each chamber depends on the number of occupants and is determined by the formula: V = 200 x 3 x N / 1000, where N is the number of people, 200 is the daily water discharge by one person, 3 days is the treatment period, 1000 is the conversion factor for volume in m³.
- The sauna is also taken into account when calculating the volume of chambers.
- The level of groundwater should be deeper than 2-3 meters, otherwise it will require an ideal sealing of the structure and the use of drainage pumps.
- When laying sewer pipes above the depth of freezing of the soil will require their warming.
After selecting the type of septic tank and determining the volume of the cameras, calculate the required amount reinforced concrete rings and sewer hatches.
Select location
Minimum distances from the septic tank to the object:
- 5 m - to the foundation of the house.
- 1 m - to non-residential buildings.
- 50 m - to drinking wells and wells.
It is not recommended to have a septic tank in the lowlands because of the possibility of flooding with rainwater. Pumping out sewage involves the construction of a driveway for heavy equipment. Sewage lines must pass without bends and with the necessary inclination for the gravity transfer of liquids.
Preparation of a pit
When using an excavator, a common pit is set up, distributing the chambers after 1 m. If there is no possibility of using construction equipment, the pits are excavated separately, making them 20 cm wider than the concrete rings.
The order of digging:
- Place the ring in the selected place.
- Take the ground out of the concrete circle - first in the middle, then along the edges.
- When the first ring sinks level with the ground, roll and put the next.
- As the excavation deepens, the ground begins to be removed by a bucket, pulled out on the rope by an assistant.
Construction of chambers
The bottom of the settling tanks is concreted, and the joints of the rings are covered with a solution. In the walls with the help of a perforator or a grinder make holes for the connection of sewage pipes. After laying the drain lines, the joints are cemented with cement. For complete tightness it is desirable to cover all the seams with bituminous mastic. At the bottom of the last well, a filter is made, consisting of sand and gravel, covered with layers 20-30 cm thick. The tanks are covered with concrete covers with holes for inspection hatches. The final stage is the backfilling of the outside with sand.
In operation, special bacteria for septic tanks are added to the settling tanks, which improve the process of sewage treatment.
Use of concrete rings for autonomous sewerage is due to their positive qualities. They have good resistance to temperature changes, large salvo discharges, ground pressure. Concrete products are very durable, and the designs of them are inexpensive and capacious.
The basis of the construction is made of concrete rings, mounted on each other. Cleaning of household waste is carried out by settling and further filtration in separately constructed tanks.
Now it is possible to build three types of structures:
- single-chamber;
- two-chamber;
- three-chamber.
Competently arranged three-chamber version will ensure maximum wastewater treatment
Single-chamber septic tank made of concrete rings, the scheme of which is simply an improved version of the cesspool, is intended only for the accumulation and settling of sewage. Therefore, for cleaning it will have to constantly call a sewer machine. A septic tank made of concrete rings can be built in a dacha, where a small number of people live seasonally.
In terms of domestic sewage treatment, a device made of concrete rings of 2 wells is more effective. The scheme of this septic tank includes two tanks. In one of them, sewage accumulates. After some time, they break up into heavy fractions and settle to the bottom, and the standing water passes into another tank, at the bottom of which there is a drainage layer of sand and gravel.
The most complete purification plant is a septic tank made of concrete rings with three cameras. The first two chambers are used for settling waste, and the third acts as a drainage well. The device of a septic tank made of concrete rings, a scheme of this kind is the most optimal option for a sewage system in a private house. Cleaning of drains in a three-chamber structure reaches 90% subject to all the nuances installation works.
For sewerage in a private home, a ring-shaped accumulator is considered one of the most successful options. After all, the device of the cesspool harms the environment, and the purchase of autonomous sewage treatment plants is very expensive. The septic tank made of concrete rings, user reviews confirm this, combines excellent functionality, ease of installation and operation.
Selecting a septic tank
To determine which type of septic tank from concrete rings is mounted in a private house, it is necessary to consider:
- daily water consumption in the house;
- ground water level;
- depth of soil freezing.
The volume of the structure depends on the number of drains, which in turn depend on the number of people using sewerage. In it, the effluents are processed for three days. Therefore, the volume of the septic tank is calculated by multiplying 200 liters by the number of residents and by 3 days. The resulting figure must be divided by 1000 to get the volume in cubic meters.
For one person, an average of 200 liters of water per day
If the volume obtained does not exceed 1 m 3, then one-chamberoption own hands. If the volume is 1-8 m 3, then it is desirable to install a two-chamber device. At high costs, a three-chamber septic tank is required.
Select a location
When choosing a location, it is necessary to follow the building and sanitary standards:
- the septic tank must be at least five meters from the house;
- the distance to the source of drinking water (well, well) should not be less than 50 m;
- a septic tank made of concrete rings for a dacha should have a convenient access to the machine for sewage disposal;
- the device of a septic tank made of concrete rings by its own hands at a considerable distance from the house is irrational, since it will require additional costs for the installation of the supply pipeline.
Stages and features of installation work
The main stages of installation work in the construction of a septic tank of concrete rings:
- arrangement of excavation;
- installation of concrete rings;
- supply of sewer pipes;
- the device of ventilation system;
- sealing joints;
- installation of floors and backfilling.
Trenching
The excavation work can be carried out with the help of special equipment or manually. When building a new house excavation excavation. But in this case, one should take into account one nuance: when digging a foundation pit, a bucket produces a pit, the shape and dimensions of which are much larger than those required by a septic tank of concrete rings. It is not easy to lower products weighing 400 kg in such a trench. therefore will have to use the services of a crane. Hand digging takes much longer, but allows you to make a foundation pit exactly in size.
Concrete rings with a bottom should be installed in the pit first, ie - bottom
The bottom of the excavation must be concreted in order to avoid penetration into the soil of untreated sewage. If a septic tank made of concrete rings and its device involves the use of special products with a bottom, then the bottom of the pit is not to be concreted.
If a three-chamber version is constructed from concrete rings for a bath or a house, then in the third filtering well a pillow of gravel and sand 50 cm thick. At the stage of excavation, excavations are made for trenches connecting pipes and leaving the house. At the bottom of the trenches a layer of sand 10 cm thick is covered.
Installation
Since the concrete elements are quite heavy, then for their installation in the excavation using a lifting crane or self-made winch. You can use one more method - sequential installation of rings with digging, but this method is very labor-intensive. In addition, it is rather inconvenient to concrete the bottom of the septic tank, in which the rings are already installed.
Rings after installation must be cemented together with a cement-sand mortar. Additionally, they can be fastened with metal clips. This precautionary measure will prevent the formation of cracks in the rings during seasonal soil movements.
Sewer Piping
In the mounted rings, holes are punched for the pipes. A pipe conveying drains to the first well is placed at a small angle. The pipe that connects the first and second wells should be 20 cm below the previous one, and the pipe that feeds the treated effluent into the filtering well is set still 20 cm below.
The device of ventilation system
To ensure the ventilation of the septic tank, it is necessary to connect the drain pipe to the ventilation riser that goes to the roof of the building. The pipe of a riser in diameter should be no less than a pipe transporting domestic sewage into a septic tank.
If the vent pipe is made smaller than the sewer, then the drains will create the effect of the "piston", and this leads to the disappearance of the water seal in the siphons plumbing fixtures. As a result, smells of the sewerage begin to penetrate into the room.
Therefore, it is very important to build a septic tank of concrete rings, the ventilation of which will be as efficient as possible perform two main tasks:
- exclude air rarefaction in sewer pipes;
- to remove unpleasant smells from sewer lines and wells.
Sealing joints between rings and pipes
Conventional concrete, contrary to popular belief, does not hold water. Is not an exception and a septic tank made of concrete rings
Waterproofing of the internal and external surfaces of the septic tank must be carried out very carefully. To do this, use a solution water glass, bitumen mastic or well-proven polymer mastics. The best results for solving the problem, how correctly make a septic tank of concrete rings from the best waterproofing, gives a concrete solution with special additives.
Installation of floors and backfill
Installed sewerage wells are covered concrete slabs, in which holes are made for installing hatches. After installing the plates, fill the septic tank. To do this, use the soil removed from the excavation. At the end of the filling, the septic tank is fully ready for use.
Costs for the installation of a septic tank of concrete rings with their own hands
Compliance with the installation technology ensures high-quality and durable septic work. Of course, purification plants of industrial production provide a higher degree of wastewater treatment, but if we take into account their high cost, then the best option should be considered a septic tank of concrete rings.
Prices for the installation of these structures with their own hands depend on the cost of materials used and rental of special equipment (if necessary). For example, for a house in which three people live, a two-chamber septic tank of concrete rings is required, the depth of which requires the installation of four rings for the first container and three for the second. In general, there are 7 concrete rings, 2 slabs, 2 hatchways. The final price of these products is approximately 20,000 rubles. If you add to it the cost of renting special equipment, then an independent construction of a septic tank will cost 25-30 thousand rubles.
Operation of the septic tank does not require any special procedures for its repair and maintenance. It is only necessary to periodically pump out the septic tank with a suction machine and then inspect its walls for any sealing failures.
How to make a montage of a septic tank from concrete rings is shown in the video:
One of the most available methods solution of the issue of the arrangement of autonomous sewerage is the autonomous construction of a septic tank. Treatment concrete construction, made of two compartments, will allow, with small material investments, to solve the issue of diversion of sewage. On what principle the structure functions and how to build a two-chamber septic tank from concrete rings, we consider in the article.
A septic tank consisting of two chambers is a practical wastewater treatment plant capable of processing organic waste.
The purification mechanism is based on the operation of two communicating compartments within which a liquid component and an insoluble solid component are separated by sedimentation.
The scheme of functioning of the two-chamber septic tank is as follows: the sewage drains first enter the first compartment, and after settling in the first chamber, the liquid component flows into the absorption well, from which it is discharged through the soil filter into the underlying layer
Each compartment of a two-chamber structure is responsible for certain tasks:
- The first camera. Accepts drains from the input sewer pipe, coming from the house. Inside the chamber, the effluents are settled, as a result of which the solid fractions sink to the bottom, and the clarified waste flows through the overflow pipe into the second compartment. Accumulating on the bottom of the sludge must be periodically pumped out.
- The second camera. Responsible for the final disposal of clarified sediments. Passing through a ground filter, the capacity of which is 1 m, the effluents are purified to a degree allowing them to freely enter the environment without the threat of disturbance of the natural balance.
Additional cleaning inside the second chamber is achieved due to crushed stone or gravel filter. It prevents the penetration of insoluble inclusions into subterranean formations. The clarified sewage that has passed through such a purification significantly reduces the total volume of the sewage mass, so that it is possible to considerably reduce the number of sludge collectors for emptying autonomous sewage facilities.
Purified and clarified water, filtered through the filtration materials, penetrates into the underlying layers of the soil. Between the level of groundwater and the conditional bottom of the absorption well, there must be at least 1 meter of soil stratum
Often, instead of filtration wells, filtration fields are placed. They are several paved in parallel trenches, the bottom of which is covered with crushed stone-sand dumping. At the top of the filtration stack are tubes with perforated walls. The whole structure is covered with rubble and sand and sprinkled with soil.
Application of concrete rings: for and against
The main thing, than "seize" septic tanks from concrete rings - an accessible cost at high operational parameters. After all, reinforced concrete is considered to be one of the most durable materials.
Septics from concrete rings are known for their reliability and durability; competently constructed construction has high strength
Among the indisputable dignity concrete septic tanks, consisting of their two compartments, it is worth highlighting:
- Resistance to soil movements, sharp salvo discharges of sewage and aggressive impact of sewage.
- Ability to process cubic meters of sewage. In the process of multi-stage cleaning, the main mass of effluents is discharged in the form of clarified liquid outside the structure. At the bottom, only a small part of the silt formed as a result of the processing of the organic component by bacteria, always present in the sewer.
- Ease of operation and maintenance. It is only necessary to involve the sewers for cleaning the walls of a capacious construction from laminations once every two to three years.
- Long service life. Operational period of concrete rings can reach more than half a century, and with proper care - even longer.
The treatment facilities made of concrete rings do not "float" to the surface under the influence of frost heaving of soils, as is often the case with lightweight reservoirs.
To be able to monitor the work of the cleaner, promptly pump out the contents and, if necessary, carry out repair work each compartment is equipped with a separate hatch
But this design has its drawbacks:
- The need to engage in the installation of construction equipment. Heavy rings to be delivered to the site and immersed in the foundation pit without the use of construction equipment is almost impossible.
- The allocation for its arrangement of a large area, which is not always possible in small areas.
Tanks made of concrete rings may lose their integrity during operation. The cause of depressurization of the structure may be the appearance of cracks and leakage in the areas where the elements are joined.
The master's task is to periodically check the internal walls of the tanks for cracks, and the seams for tightness and, if necessary, eliminate defects
Among the "minuses" of the structure, some users emphasize the moment that even with proper installation in the area of septic location there is an unpleasant smell emanating from the contents. But this defect can easily be eliminated by using biologics, which contain bacteria that process organics. They easily eliminate the problem, but they do not damage the concrete surface and the sewage pipeline.
How to calculate the volume of tanks
One of the key conditions for the uninterrupted operation of the treatment plant is a competent calculation of its volume. To correctly calculate the volume of a septic tank, it is necessary to focus on three parameters:
- The number of people who live in the house constantly.
- The total daily volume of sewage waste per person.
- The interval of time for which organic substances can be completely reprocessed.
When calculating, take as a basis that the average daily volume of waste per household is 200 liters. And for processing organic substances inside the treatment plant, it takes an average of three days.
The dimensional table with the marking of the produced ferro-concrete products with indication of their diameter will simplify the calculation of the required number of elements
Knowing that one person per day accounts for up to 200 liters of drains, it is not difficult to calculate that a three-day volume of waste per household will be about 600 liters. The obtained value can only be multiplied by the number of family members permanently residing in the house.
In calculations, it is also worth taking an additional stock of 15-20%. It will avoid overflowing the norm in case of a temporary increase in the number of households and stay in the guest house for several days.
So for a family of four persons, a building with a capacity of 200 liters x 3s is required. х 4 people. = 2.4 cubic meters. We round off the received value and we find that for a family of 4 persons a septic with a capacity of 2.5-3 liters is required.
For areas that are well draining water, it is worth choosing the option of settling a septic tank, which involves bleeding the clarified liquid through the walls of the drainage compartment
If in the site of the mini-treatment plant a high level of groundwater occurrence, which is capable of provoking a slowdown in the process of water diversion and even flooding of the structure, consider the option of settling a septic tank, draining drains to the drainage fields.
Where to mark the wastewater treatment plant
The sanitary zone during the design of the treatment plant is located away from significant sites on the site so that organic waste does not accidentally enter the source of drinking water.
When choosing a location for the construction of the facility, two standards are followed: SNiP 2.-4.03.85 and SanPiN 2.2.1 / 2.1.1200-03. They set out rules for building external sewerage facilities and enumerated the requirements for the development of zones that may present an environmental hazard to the environment.
Observance of remoteness from significant objects is a guarantee that under-treated wastes will not harm the state of the environment
If there are nearby water bodies with running water, the distance to them should be kept at least 20 meters. If there are vegetative plantings on the site, then the distance to the trees should be about 3 meters, and the bushes - up to one meter.
When planning the arrangement of the sanitary zone, it is necessary to specify the location of the underground gas pipeline to maintain a distance of 5 meters.
An important factor in choosing a location is the provision of conditions for free access to construction and sanitation equipment
It is important to provide a free space for access and maneuvering of construction and sanitation equipment. In this case, take into account that directly above the depth of the septic tank, it can not be put, since a heavy machine can destroy the walls of the treatment plant.
Septic Installation Technology
When installing a two-chamber septic tank from concrete rings, be prepared for the fact that this is a rather difficult and laborious work. To facilitate the task, use the services of special equipment or involve two or three assistants to carry out the work.
Raise a heavyweight ring even for a few workers will be problematic. Well, to install it exactly in place is even more difficult.
Selection of materials and components
Concrete rings are on the market in size. The height of the products is always the same and is 90 cm, but the diameter can vary from 70 to 200 cm. The volume of the ring directly depends on its diameter. Thus, the w / w ring with a section of 70 cm has a volume of 0.35 m3. And for the construction of tanks with a volume of 2.5 cubes, 7-8 such rings are required.
If you use rings with a size of 100 cm, each of which has a volume of 0.7 cubic meters, only 4 such rings will be needed to build tanks of the same capacity.
Most the best option for the construction of a functional two-chamber septic tank - the use of concrete rings of 100, 120 or 150 mm in size
The price of the product depends on its size. Therefore, that would not lose, before buying rings, always calculate the total volume and the required quantity.
When calculating the capacity of the treatment plant and choosing the rings for its erection, consider that the actual volume of the reservoir should be higher than the calculated one. This is because the liquid, as it is filled, can not rise above the level of the overflow holes, which are placed 20-25 cm below the upper edge of the column.
When selecting the rings of the required diameter, take into account the water table. The higher the groundwater is located, the larger the size it is to choose rings. After all, as the diameter increases, their number decreases, and, consequently, the depth of installation of the entire treatment plant also decreases.
Materials will also require:
- pipes D110-120 mm;
- tees for overflows;
- calcareous crushed stone of three different fractions;
- river sand.
The ground filter in the second chamber is formed from three layers of gravel or crushed stone, the fraction size of each underlying layer must be smaller than the fraction of the previous one.
In addition, you need to stock up with liquid glass, cement to prepare mortar on the site and mounting foam to seal the connections.
Tools required for work:
- bayonet and shovel;
- building level;
- perforator;
- stairs;
- a bucket with a rope;
- mixing tank;
- narrow spatula;
- wide brush.
It is acceptable to use polypropylene or asbestos-cement pipes for laying sewers to septic tanks and creating overflows.
Carrying out excavation works
The optimal period for starting excavation is in the most hot weather or the time after the onset of the first frost, when the groundwater table has the lowest values.
Under the arrangement of a two-chamber cleaner, it is better to excavate a common foundation pit at once for two wells. Although some experts are of the opinion that it is better to create two independent excavations for each reservoir of the structure.
Tanks are installed at a distance of 1-1.5 diameters from each other so that the gap between them serves as a buffer at the time of ground movements
Dimensions of the excavation are determined by the diameter of the selected rings. When calculating the dimensions of the well, it is necessary to take into account such moments:
- The depth of the product should be 30-40 cm lower than the height of the rings used. This is necessary in order to arrange the pouring on the bottom or pour concrete screed.
- The length and width of the pit should be such that the distance from the walls of the pit to the rings is not less than 50-70 cm. This is necessary in order to simplify the installation and to be able to waterproof the exterior walls of the structure.
You can dig a foundation pit manually and with a shovel, extracting the soil with a bucket. But it is much easier to use special equipment for this, with the efforts of which it will not be difficult to dig a hole in just a few hours. In conditions of limited space, it is most convenient to use a small excavator. Ground extracted from the pit, it is better to immediately withdraw outside the site, using for this purpose the same machine that brought the rings.
But even with the use of special equipment during excavation, you still have to work with your hands, leveling the walls and the bottom of the pit
When creating a common pit under two tanks, the result should be a two-level pit so that the first compartment is half a meter deeper than the first one.
At the same stage, trenches are laid sewer pipes. They are laid below the freezing level of the ground layers, which is about 1.2-1.5 meters for the regions of the middle latitudes.
In order to ensure the flow of the liquid when the septic is brought to the septic, the bottom of the trenches is made under a slope of 5 degrees, which is 20 mm for each running meter
The bottom of the trenches is leveled, guided by the building level, and compacted. The leveled base is covered with a layer of rubble or sand, on top of which later the supply tubes are laid.
Pouring the foundation and erecting walls
The bottom of the ditch is carefully leveled and compacted. The lined base is covered with a sand layer, forming a "pillow" with a thickness of 15-20 cm. The formed backfill is carefully compacted, creating a smooth and surface-free surface.
To create a concrete foundation under the storage tank, the bottom of the excavation is flooded with cement mortar.
To increase the resistance of concrete to compression and bending, when pouring screed, it is desirable to build a metal reinforcing cage
The size of the concrete screed should be 20-30 cm larger than the diameter of the rings used. On hardening of cement mortar, depending on the temperature and weather conditions, it can take four weeks or more. Only then proceed to install the first ring.
In order to pass the stage of pouring the concrete foundation and make it easier for yourself to work, it is better to use ready bottoms sewerage wells. They, like the rings, are produced by the plant of concrete products.
Rings with bottoms are structures, the upper part of which has a through hole, and the bottom - is equipped with a blind bottom in the form of a circle
With the help of a crane, install the first ring in such a way that its walls are placed strictly vertically. This is necessary in order to ensure the stability and strength of the structure. The second is placed on top of it. And so on.
To strengthen the fixation strength in the jointed areas, metal clips are mounted on the outer side of the rings. The entry points are covered with a layer of concrete and sealed.
Measures for waterproofing
To reduce the damage to the impact on concrete groundwater, while protecting the structure from leaks, all joints between the bottom and walls from the inside should be cemented with cement mortar. Both internal and external walls of the tank are treated.
To improve the water resistance of the composition and to accelerate its solidification, liquid glass is added to the solution. The main thing - when adding liquid glass to cement, maintain a ratio that is 25%. If you exceed your share, glue can deteriorate the properties of cement, increasing the risk of solidification of the solution directly in the container being mixed.
When preparing the composition, the silicate is introduced into the ready mix in small portions, continuously stirring the contents of the container
To increase the waterproof properties of the construction of the master recommend using 2-3 types waterproofing materials. For the treatment of walls of concrete elements use:
- impregnation of deep penetration;
- bitumen waterproofing mastic.
The only condition is not to use toxic compounds that can kill useful settler bacteria. For insulation from the outside, the surface is covered with bituminous mastic or roll material with a similar composition of derivatives.
On top of the well, a concrete cover is installed with an opening in which a cast iron hatch with a removable cover is mounted. To prevent the system from freezing, the upper part of the tanks is insulated with cut polystyrene foam.
Features of creating a filtration compartment
The second well of the structure is constructed according to the same scheme. The only difference is the creation of a filter layer. It is laid on the bottom and along the walls of the tank. For this, the bottom of the excavated trench is laid down:
- the first layer of sand - 10-15 cm thick;
- second layer of fine-grained ballast - thickness 15-20 cm.
When forming the backfill, it must be carefully compacted. To do this, ramming the "pillows" alternate with pouring it with water.
If lateral unloading of treated effluents is assumed, the walls of the absorption well are made of special perforated rings, the size of the holes is 30-50 cm.
Crushed stone-sand dumping will ensure the immobility of the reservoir even at the moment of soil movement, when it "spends"
In the upper part of the tank, install a neck with holes for the sewer hatch and vent riser. The ventilation pipe must be above the ground level by 70-80 cm.
To install the overflow pipe between the tanks dig a trench. The overflow is constructed in such a way that the difference in altitude between the entrance to the first compartment and the outlet to the second reservoir is 15-20 cm.
The inlet and the overflow pipe between the chambers must be equipped with tees that will prevent the entry of solid constituents into the second compartment
Make a hole in the tank wall under the overflow is the easiest way with a perforator. Having brought the edge of the pipe into the wall of the storage ring, fix it by blowing with a mounting foam. Frozen foam will perform a dual function: act as a damper gasket and retain moisture.
After making sure of the tightness of the structure, proceed to its backfilling. For this, the emptiness between the outer surface of the well and the pit is covered with soil previously mixed with sand. To create additional waterproofing, use when filling clay.
Overview of one of the options for a two-chamber septic tank:
Secrets of correct installation:
How to build a septic tank at minimum cost:
In general, the installation of a two-chamber septic tank from concrete rings, albeit a troublesome, but quite feasible task. The main thing is to take responsibility for choosing the place for its arrangement and strictly adhere to the installation technology. And then treatment plant will regularly serve more than a dozen, doing suburban life more comfortable.