Concrete rings are a very popular product used for the construction of hydraulic and sewage facilities. And the demand exists not only on the part of large construction companies, but also on the part of private entrepreneurs, individual developers, who want to provide themselves with a comfortable life.
For the production of these products, special forms are used to produce well rings, manufactured by the industry in accordance with standards that regulate their sizes (GOST 8020-90).
Factory Forms
For construction of different kinds Wells use wall rings of different sizes. They are manufactured by pouring concrete into special shapes, which are a double metal formwork of cylindrical shape.
Their outer and inner diameters correspond to the values regulated by Gosstandart, as well as the difference between them, equal to the thickness of the finished ring.
The formwork metal has a thickness of 3 to 8 mm. It is installed vibrators in the number of one to four, depending on the size of the ring, designed for ramming the concrete mixture.
For reference. The process of producing rings using such forms is extremely simple.
They are installed on a metal pallet, a reinforcement 6-10 mm in diameter is poured in, a concrete mix is poured in and vibration is included. As the solution settles down due to ramming it is added. After the product has obtained a certain strength, the mold is removed.
At the standard sizes of the form can still differ slightly from each other, which must be taken into account when purchasing them.
The main difference is in the possibility of making rings with a different shape of the ends:
- Rings with even ends are installed on each other with subsequent sealing of joints and tightening with metal clips;
- Rings with locks have a comb on the upper end and a groove on the bottom. They provide a more dense and reliable connection, preventing the rings from shifting relative to each other in the horizontal plane.
The price of such products is always higher when sold.
To form such a lock, the formwork is supplied with the formers - welded in a circle metal strips. They are located on the outside of the inner ring of the formwork and on the inner side of the outer ring.
In addition, the form for the wells rings can be designed to produce rings with metal transport loops, which are rigidly connected to the frame from the armature. A can provide formation in the walls of the ring through holes-eyelets for fastening the lines.
When planning to purchase forms, pay attention to these moments, as well as the thickness of the metal from which they are made. The more it is, the stronger and more durable the product, and the more geometric will be.
Homemade forms
Own shape for casting rings is beneficial in all respects. Of course, it can be purchased, but the high cost of such products (from 40 to 80 thousand rubles) does not justify the independent manufacture of rings for personal needs.
Another thing is if you are going to set up their production for sale or get a form together with the neighbors in the garden cooperative. Then this enterprise makes sense.
But if you need to make only 3-4 rings to build a water well or cesspool, it is better to make the formwork for them with your own hands.
What will it give you:
- Savings on the purchase of finished products;
- Absence of costs for the delivery of rings to the site - they can be done directly at the construction site of the well;
- Confidence in the quality of raw materials used;
- The opportunity to earn, renting a timbering for rent to neighbors or independently producing well rings for them.
How to make formwork
The most the best form for the production of well rings is obtained from metal barrels or pieces of large diameter pipes, plastic cylinders. These products have a regular geometric shape, which is difficult to obtain from sheet metal without special equipment - leaf bending.
Note! The difference in the diameters of the two drums used should be at least 7-8 cm for the production of reinforced rings and at least 15 cm for the manufacture of products without a reinforcing skeleton.
You will have to make four parts about the shape shown in the drawing:
The sequence of works is as follows:
- Both bottles cut off the bottom, the inner barrel is made above the outer one by a few centimeters;
- The marking is made on a large barrel, dividing it by two vertical longitudinal lines into two equal parts. The markings must be on both the outer and inner sides;
- By means of welding or rivets along the marked lines on both sides a steel corner is fastened. It can be solid, to the full height of the cylinder, or three pairs of segments are welded to it exactly opposite to each other (above, below and in the middle);
- Then holes are drilled in the corners for their subsequent bolting. Drill both corners at once in one step, so that the holes exactly match;
- After this, the barrel is gently cut from the inside along the line of marking by a Bulgarian with a thin circle, so as not to damage the welded corners from the outside. The outer formwork cylinder is ready.
In the same way, an inner cylinder is made, with the only difference being that the corners are fixed not to the outer cylinder but to its inner wall.
Note! The smaller barrel is labeled differently - so that one part of it is twice as large as the other. This is necessary so that when the formwork is removed it easily folds inwards. Therefore, the distance between the lines of marking should not be half the circumference, but its third.
For ease of use, you can weld to the elements of the formwork of the handle - outside on the large cylinder and inside on the small one.
To make it easy to move the rings during the construction of the well, drill through the walls of the formwork through holes with a diameter of 4-5 cm, during which wooden plugs will be inserted during the filling of the solution. After they are removed from the finished ring, lugs for the lines are formed.
In addition, it is possible to fabricate metal spacers from the reinforcement, which are put on the upper ends of the formwork to prevent the rings from shifting during the filling of the solution.
How to make a concrete ring with a homemade shape
For the production of rings, standard materials are required: cement, sand, gravel or gravel, water. They will be much stronger if they are reinforced with metal wire or rods.
So:
- Cement is desirable to use a high grade (not lower than M400) and mature (produced at least a month ago);
- The mass fraction of sand should be 2-2.5 parts per part of cement;
- Gravel fraction - 3-4 parts;
- The water content is 0.5-0.7 parts.
It is this ratio of components that provides the maximum density of concrete.
To prepare the solution, first mix the cement and sand, fill it with water, mix it, and then gravel, previously soaked in water, is covered.
Council. To be engaged in manufacturing of any concrete products it is desirable at temperature not below +8 degrees. The production site should be placed under a canopy or in a place protected from the sun, as too rapid evaporation of moisture leads to a decrease in the strength of concrete.
The following instruction is as follows:
- Place the mold on a flat, solid surface or in a metal tray, exposing the outer and inner formwork so that the distance between them is the same throughout the entire circumference. Pull the halves of each cylinder with bolts through the holes in the corners;
- Place between the walls of the mold reinforcing cage, welded from metal rods. You can also use a wire 2-6 mm thick, laying it with turns as it is poured into the shape of a concrete mixture;
- If there are no metal spacers, make wooden wedges, the length of which is equal to the distance between the walls, and install them slightly above the average level between the cylinders in three to four places;
- Begin to evenly pour the solution into the mold, every 15-20 cm making it seal around the circle with a thick wooden or metal rod (for example, a shovel handle). This procedure will replace the vibration used in the factory manufacture of rings;
- When the concrete level reaches the struts, they need to be removed and continue filling the mold to the edge of the outer ring;
- The last stage is a careful leveling of the solution on top. The more smoothly the end part of the well rings is, the easier it will be to join and seal them during the construction of the well.
Shoot the formwork when the product will gain sufficient strength. Depending on the ambient temperature and air humidity, this can happen either in a day or in 3-4 days.
To remove unwind the fixing bolts, then first fold the inside of the smaller cylinder, then open the larger one.
After the formwork can not be moved for a few more days. All this time it is recommended to wet it with water to ensure better strength of the concrete. To use it will be ready in 10-14 days from the moment of manufacturing.
Conclusion
Having looked at the video in this article, you will be able to better understand how to produce strong and quality concrete rings from which you can build a water or sewage well. Of course, this will take quite some time, taking into account the independent execution of the formwork, but you will significantly gain in price and will be able to subsequently use the mold for casting new products for your friends and acquaintances.
Reinforced concrete structures are used quite widely in the construction of various communications in industrial and private construction. Rings of reinforced concrete are used in the arrangement of sewage inspection and water-drainage wells. They are made using special forms. And forms for well rings can be different.
Wall wells are made in accordance with GOST of different sizes. For this, the vibrating method is applied. In this case, the concrete mixture is laid in a special form with the formwork and compacted by vibration.
This technology allows the production of rings of almost different sizes. The productivity of this method is 30 reinforced concrete products per one work shift, and only one mold is used. To ensure this rate, it is necessary to prepare the mixture directly at the place of production with a control of the moisture content in the solution.
In most industries such control is carried out by a visual method. The moisture content is determined by the nature of the concrete mixer and the consistency of the mixture. It is quite possible delivery of concrete and in special machines from closely located production sites. But the volume of zhb. The mixture should correspond to the needs of production.
How is the vibroform?
Vibrators are installed on special sites. Before pouring the concrete mixture the mold is collected. To do this, the core is installed in the center of the outer cylinder and fixed using metal fingers.
Standard sample vibroform is designed for the manufacture of rings for wells with pre-mounted lugs for loading and installation. These are loops that can be made of strong metal, and rigidly tied to elements reinforcing the ring carcass. However, with this version of manufacture, the manufacture of a lock ring is excluded. There are more modern versions of forms, where on the side walls of the form are installed pro-formers. Their purpose is to create a through eye in the wall of the product, which will be used to attach the straps to move the ring. When constructing a well, these holes are drowned out.
Price form for the production of iron concrete rings is constant, in spite of the presence or absence of transmitters. For the manufacturer, the most important thing is to have a clear idea of which version of the zhby - with locks, with lugs or with hinges, will be more in demand in its region.
The video will help you to become more familiar with the device of the vibroform.
Homemade forms for making concrete rings
Many owners of private houses quite successfully produce molds for the production of well rings independently. Since it is not used often, it makes no sense to spend quite a lot of money to buy the factory zhb. products. Unless, of course, you are going to set up production for sale. And to make 3-4 concrete rings for a well or waste pit you can and most. You can make such a form from improvised materials.
What this gives:
- Saving money on the purchase of the finished product;
- Do not need to deliver the rings to the installation site;
- Confidence in the reliability and quality of the final product;
- You can rent the formwork, and thus return the money spent.
How to make the formwork?
As well as from what formwork for zhb is made. rings? The best option is obtained from old barrels or a section of a large pipe. You can use plastic cylinders. All such products have a geometrically correct shape, which is quite difficult to make from a sheet of metal. After all, this will require special equipment - sheet bending.
Important! It should be noted that the diameters of barrels or pipes for the manufacture of formwork should differ by 8-10 cm. After all, it is necessary to install a reinforcing cage inside.
Formwork for reinforced concrete rings consists of the parts depicted in the drawing. You will have to make four parts about the shape shown in the drawing:
- The barrel is carved into the bottom, the inner part is made higher than the outer one;
- We make a markup that divides the barrels vertically into two identical parts (outside and inside);
- Using welding or rivets, we fix on both outer sides along the marking line a metal corner (preferably continuous);
- In the corners holes are drilled, intended for subsequent fastening with bolts;
- Then gently cut the barrel into the internal markings, using the bulgaria with the most delicate stone.
In the same way, the manufacture of the inner ring takes place, the difference being that the reinforcement corners need to be fixed from the inside.
In this video shows the work of the plant for the manufacture of zhb. rings, which anyone can do.
Conclusion: making concrete rings with your own hands is easy enough, having necessary tool and skills of working with metal.
Manufacturing technology
For the manufacture of reinforced concrete rings for wells, 200 grade concrete is used with the installation of a reinforcement belt from a rod 0.5 to 10 mm in diameter. The form is installed on a flat surface or a special stand. Then the reinforcement is laid and a semi-dry solution is fed from above. After the vibration is turned on, it will be necessary to prime the mixture to the upper level. The end face is smoothed after the molding process is completed.
While the cement did not gain initial strength, the product is in the formwork. After that, the molding is carried out and you can start a new bookmark. During one working shift (for 8 hours), from 10 to 15 zhb are produced. rings.
Many variants of the shape for the rings are designed and manufactured in such a way that it is possible to move to the place for the formwork together with the finished ring. Today many manufacturers make rings with locks. This is the docking system groove-comb. This type of installation allows you to make almost complete watertightness and tightness of the connection, prevents the already prepared mine from shifting horizontally.
Preparation of concrete mixture
There are several options for preparing a concrete mix. They depend on the application of the zhb. products (laying of communications, construction of wells or inspection shafts), and the soil in which the installation will be carried out.
Formulations of the mixture:
- 1 part of cement brand 200 - 1 part of fine sand - 2 parts of road gravel;
- 1 part of cement brand 300 - 1 part of river sand - 2 parts of screening.
To set the required strength of the finished ring, the temperature and time regimes must be observed. Fibus. The product must be kept at a temperature of + 20 ° C for two days. But the pre-sale strength of frozen concrete should be 70% or higher. And this will take 7 days.
List of equipment for the manufacture of concrete rings
To carry out the work you need to have a spacious construction site. In the list of equipment required for the manufacture of zhb. designs should include:
- Powerful concrete mixer;
- Forms for manufacturing various variants of rings;
- Vibrators;
- Lifting device;
Important! In the manufacture of products under the open sky, the mold should have a special cover that will protect the solution from precipitation and unwanted objects.
Transport of the rings to the installation site must be carried out in compliance with all safety regulations. Today, many zhbi producers have special vehicles with cranes for the transportation of heavy structures. The use of such transport simplifies the task of delivering and installing rings to the consumer.
Conclusion. As we can see, it is possible to make a concrete ring for a well or communication independently. This is a rather complicated, but achievable task. But the money saved will be needed to purchase other materials needed for construction.
Concrete rings are used in a variety of economic needs, in particular, they are used to install water supply systems, drainage, sewerage, sometimes the rings are used even in the construction of cellars. The manufacture of concrete rings is carried out by specialized firms, however, in some cases it is more advantageous to do them yourself. In this there is nothing complicated, the only thing, you need some knowledge and time to make the forms.
Mold making
In fact, the form (formwork) is two cylinders of different diameters, one of which is set exactly in the middle of the other. The space formed between them is filled with concrete. Accordingly, the thickness of the walls of the future rings depends on the diameter difference.
I must say that you can not make molds, but buy finished products. However, their price can be quite high. Therefore, it is more expedient to make the formwork yourself.
For this, first of all, it is necessary to determine the size of the rings, i.e. such parameters as:
- Diameter;
- Height;
- Wall thickness.
There are many options for manufacturing formwork, in particular, you can meet the recommendations from specialists about the use for this purpose wooden boards, which are packed into the circles of the desired diameter.
However, it's easiest to use:
- Metal barrels of the appropriate size;
- Metal pipes;
- Air ducts;
- Also suitable plastic barrels.
Now let's take a closer look at how the shape for the concrete rings is made by hand from metal pipe or barrels.
Outer ring
For the manufacture of external formwork, you must perform the following actions:
- First of all, you need to put on the cylinder two longitudinal vertical lines, which will divide it into two identical parts.
- Next, on each side of the line marking should be installed at least two window or door awnings. Their leaflets should be located along the edges of the line, and the articulation is strictly on the line. Attach the flaps with rivets or welding.
- Then, on the one hand, you need to cut off the lower hub-locks of the spindles, which makes it easy to disassemble the canopies.
- After this, you must project the vertical lines to the outside of the cylinder.
- Further, with the help of the bulgarian, it is necessary to cut the cylinder with a thin disk along the lines indicated. Perform this procedure very carefully, so as not to damage the canopies.
This completes the manufacture of the outer wall of the formwork. Now we need to pull out the spindles of the canopy and open the cylinder. If necessary, the canopies should be lubricated so that the mold can be easily opened.
The inner ring
The instructions for manufacturing the inner form are similar to those described above:
- At first, vertical lines are also applied, only this time they do not divide the cylinder in half, but are located at a distance of 2/3 of the circumference. In addition, they are located on the inside, not on the outside.
- After that, the sheds are also precisely installed and the spindle caps are cut off, but they are located on the inside of the structure.
- Then trail the lines on the outside of the cylinder and cut it with a bulgarian.
Now both forms are ready.
Features of the formwork
When preparing the formwork, the following points should be considered:
Note! When extracting the product from the mold, first the inner wall is folded and then pulled out of the fresh ring. After that, the outer cylinder is disassembled.
Manufacture of concrete rings
After the molds are ready, you can proceed directly to the manufacture of concrete rings.
This operation consists of several stages:
- Preparation of formwork and reinforcement;
- Preparation of solution;
- Form fillings;
- Extracts the finished product.
Now we will take a closer look at each stage.
Preparation of formwork
So, before you start filling, you need to prepare the molds.
To do this, perform the following actions:
- Rings should be installed on a level platform. The inner cylinder, as already mentioned above, should be located strictly in the middle of the outside. If the procedure is carried out in the summer, the mold should be placed in a shady place so that the concrete does not dry out early, as this will reduce its strength.
- Next, the reinforcement of a special metal mesh, which is installed in the middle between the cylinders. If there is no reinforcing mesh, then it is possible to use a wire for this purpose, which is laid in a spiral during the pouring of concrete. I must say that it is allowed to make rings without reinforcement, but in this case the wall thickness should be at least 15 cm.
- After this, several spacer wedges must be installed between the cylinders, which will prevent their displacement during pouring.
and the durability of the product, as well as many of its other characteristics. For this procedure, you need the following materials:
I must say that the enterprises use special vibroforms for concrete rings. But, since in our case the process will occur without any electric vibrators, you need to use a plasticizer that will improve the properties of concrete. This is especially necessary if the product is in contact with water. Instructions on the use of the plasticizer and its dosage are available on the package.
The process of preparing concrete is as follows:
- First of all, sand and cement must be mixed.
- Then add the water to the dry mixture, while the plasticizer is also added to the composition.
- Further, gravel is added. Preliminarily it must be moistened with water.
- The resulting composition should be well mixed in a concrete mixer.
On the photo - pouring formwork
Fill
You can start work only if the air temperature is at least +8 degrees Celsius.
The procedure is as follows:
- Concrete solution must be carefully laid around the entire circumference to a height of 15-25 centimeters.
- Next, you need to compact the solution with a thick metal rod. You can also use for this purpose a wooden stick, for example, a handle from a shovel.
- Then the solution is poured another 20 centimeters and is also compacted.
- When his level is above average, the wooden spacers need to be pulled out.
- Then the solution is poured over and tamped. If necessary, the concrete must be topped up.
- After that, the top part must be carefully leveled. Since the end of the ring will be docked, it is desirable that it be flawless.
- If the pouring was performed in hot weather, the mold should be covered with a wet burlap and moistened periodically.
- With the optimum humidity and air temperature, you can disassemble the formwork after 3-4 days according to the scheme described above. At the same time, the ring can not be moved, let alone rolled, since concrete has not yet gained sufficient strength to withstand even the minimum load.
- For the next 7 days, the concrete must also be periodically moistened.
- After 10 days, the product can be moved. Operate the ring preferably after a full set of strength, which occurs no earlier than 28 days.
Advice! When equipping wells, mechanical processing of the rings may be required, in which case a diamond tool is used. For example, to drill pipes, diamond holes are drilled in concrete. If it is necessary to install the construction flush with the ground, the reinforced concrete is cut with diamond circles.
This concludes the process of manufacturing concrete rings.
Conclusion
As we see, in the manufacture of molds and the concrete rings themselves, there is nothing super complicated. The most important thing is to do the work slowly and accurately. In this case, you will receive significant savings in the construction of various structures ().
From the video in this article, you can get more information on this topic.
An autonomous source of drinking water in a suburban area is a good alternative to central water supply. Very often, a well or a well is the only way to get water not only for eating, but also for watering the garden and garden. Despite the fact that wells are gaining increasing popularity, traditional wells are not worth dumping.
The simplest version of such a source is from concrete rings. Forms for the production of well rings can be purchased ready or made by hand. The article will tell in detail how to do it yourself.
General information
The classical form for the well rings is reminiscent of a cylinder, but there are also rectangular variants. It should be noted that they can also be with and without lock.
Traditional products have an end flat. If there is a lock, then they are endowed with docking ends. According to experts, in this case, the rings have better tightness, and the whole system is reliable.
The standard sizes of the base rings are divided into groups:
- great - weight 1.5 t, inner diameter 2 m;
- the average - weight 1 ton, height - 900 mm, inner diameter - 1.5 m;
- small - weight 600 kg, height 900 mm, wall thickness - 160 mm, internal diameter - 1 m.
In addition to the standard well rings, there are also output of wall gates that differ in height and are used to create a sector of the well projecting above the surface of the site. They have a lower height than standard options. An important element of the construction of the well is, included in the kit and having a certain diameter.
Annually, the production of reinforced concrete rings is getting better due to the constant introduction of new developments. For example, when laying metal fittings, laser cutting is now used. Innovations contribute to the production of high-quality and reliable products. Due to the simplification of production, the final cost of the reinforced concrete rings is steadily decreasing.
We make rings for a well from reinforced concrete
In this case it is necessary to purchase or manufacture, or maybe rent out special forms of well rings. For the creation of the outer and inner diameters, metal formwork is used.
In the free space between the formwork sheets, wire or reinforcing wire mesh is installed, and then the entire structure is poured with concrete solution. It is best to compact the mold with a vibrator, if at home it is not, then it is carefully made with a wooden bar.
You must remove air from the mixture so that the concrete is compressed as best as possible. If everything is done correctly, as a result you will get a very strong product that can withstand heavy loads and perform its function efficiently enough.
When self-manufacturing products, often install special travel braces. On manufacturing enterprises often put special rebated locks. This allows the design to have a dense and reliable fixation of the trunk, which eliminates the displacement of its elements.
Technology
Tip: do not rush, the main thing is to carefully follow all the steps, then you will get the expected result.
Below is a step-by-step instruction.
At first glance, it is complex, but in the process of making you will understand that everything is simpler than it seems.
- To create a shape, pick up 2 barrels of metal, which will match it, usually their price is waste. The fact that they will be technological vyshtampovka, the manufacturing process will not affect. If the barrels are not found, you can take air ducts or pipes of the desired diameter.
Collect the formwork cylinders and connect the individual sheets together. A good result is observed for formwork, created from plastic cylinders. - Make two longitudinal markings on the outer side of the outer barrel of the future shape, which will divide it vertically into two equal halves.
- Take a pair of door awnings and set them on the markings so that their bends are on top and along the markings, and the leaflets are located at the edges of the line. Attach the canopies with welding or rivets.
- Copy the markup onto the inner ring of the formwork. In the place of mounting canopies with only one side, cut off each lower hinge-fixing bracket.
Tip: Be careful not to damage the outer ring during operation.
- Remove the cut spindles and open the resulting shape. Lock shutters will be cut off spindles or others, but suitable for the diameter.
- Prepare the inside. Use a prepared form or a metal barrel for this. Put two marking lines inside, which are placed one from another on a 1/3 segment of the circumference. Take care that the cylinder is not divided vertically into equal parts, the difference between the width of one part and the other should be almost 2 times more. Install the canopies on the inner formwork, as well as outside.
- Copy the layout from the inside to the outside. Then cut the cylinder neatly along the lines, so as not to disturb the inner awnings. Cut the spindles, pull them out and develop the resulting shape. Adjust the comparability of the parties.
Ensure that in the assembled form the inner formwork is 50-100 mm higher than the outer one. The outer part of the structure should be easily opened, closed and fixed. Internal - it is easy to open inwards.
After releasing the ring, first remove the inner shape. Then the canopies are freed from the spindles, gather the smaller part of the mold inward and pull it out of the fresh product, the outer one is removed by opening to the outside. This form for the production of well rings can be used many times.
Conclusion
It is not difficult to make a mold for a well of a concrete ring. To do this, you need to pick up the corresponding metal sheets and collect them in a certain order. In the video in this article you will find additional information on this topic.
Personal water supply, a well or an equipped septic tank can not only take sewage water, but even produce gas for a cooker. In such structures, the reinforced concrete ring is the main participating element. Some people purchase such rings, delivering them immediately to the house. But not everyone can afford the purchase and delivery of this item. However, do not despair! There is an option to buy a ready-made form for making well rings by yourself. Let's take a closer look at this technology.
Evolution of well rings
If you look at history, you can say that the well rings first appeared as far back as 2600 BC in India. Also similar products were used in Old China and Ancient Rome. And well rings came to Russia only in the 19th century, when the need for their exploitation increased, it was at this time that the first underground communications were built. But the walls of the very first well rings were not made of concrete, they were laid out of bricks.
And only in the sixties the material was replaced, the walls of the well rings were made of concrete and reinforced concrete. Many problems solved the appearance of concrete and reinforced concrete, and along with them, well rings, which have more advantages than the brick that the sewer walls laid out. At the same time, the time-consuming and time-consuming installation of utilities became easier.
Together with the replacement of the material for the production of underground communications, the design of the well ring changed. First of all, the differences are noticeable at the end of the ring. The most ordinary well rings had a flat butt, later there were products with docking ends, which were called docking rings with a lock. It is thanks to the presence of such a reliable connection, the docking rings are highly waterproof.
Of course, the well rings that have a lock have become much better than traditional rings, since they were not disturbed by the displacement of the ground, and thus did not cause problems with their functioning. The movement of the rings together with the soil and ensured the integrity of the structure in general. But this fastening system was not 100% reliable either, therefore a new fastening was developed - external and internal ledges on the well rings, which provide a blind fastening of the rings to each other and exclude the slightest displacements.
Purpose of well rings
First of all, well rings are used to install sewerage wells.
They are often used to equip highways and city roads, where they are designed to remove unwanted precipitation. Today, well rings are also used to equip bridges through canals and trenches, various types of wells, various treatment facilities, landscape design, etc. Well rings are used as a non-removable formwork during installation engineering structures or various foundations. In addition, rings are often used to build wells at home.
There are modern versions of well rings, for example plastic ones. They are light in weight, which facilitates easy installation. As it turned out, in terms of strength, they are not inferior to reinforced concrete. Plastic Rings Do not interact with various chemical elements and are not affected by corrosion. But they still can not provide the entire complex of properties, for example, they have very low frost resistance.
What explains such a demand for these products? First, they are durable and resistant to heavy loads. Secondly, the material does not pass water and is environmentally friendly, this is important, since the water that enters the structure can be consumed for drinking and cooking. It is worth noting that well rings are mounted very quickly and have an acceptable price.
The quality of the wells being purchased is subject to certain requirements. It is quite clear that such products must have a good density, otherwise they will not be applicable. Well rings should be consistent with all norms of the state standard and environmental factors. The fact is that the water that enters the structure can be consumed for drinking and cooking. Well rings must have high strength and ability to withstand heavy loads.
Design and production of well rings
The classical rings have the shape of a cylinder, but there are rectangular variants. It should be noted that the rings can be with and without lock. Ordinary rings are endowed with a flat butt. Well-ringed rings with a lock are endowed with docking ends. According to experts, the tightness of the lock connection can provide better leakproofness and reliability of engineering systems.
Base rings have standard sizes and are divided into a small, medium and large group. Small rings are endowed with an internal meter diameter, a wall thickness of 16 centimeters, a height of 90 centimeters and a weight of 600 kilograms. The inner diameter of the well of the middle group is 1.5 meters. They weigh one ton, and have the same height. Large rings weigh one and a half tons, and their internal diameter is 2 meters.
In addition to the standard wall rings, wall extensions are produced that differ in height and are used to construct part of the well that protrudes above the ground. Such donors differ in their lower height, in comparison with the standard version. An obligatory element of the construction of the well are the covers and bottoms, which are included in the set of the listed groups and have a corresponding diameter.
Every year the production of reinforced concrete rings is improved due to the introduction of new technologies. When laying metal fittings, laser cutting was used. All innovations allow us to produce high-quality and reliable products. In connection with the simplification of manufacturing, the final cost of the well rings began to decline.
When making well rings, special shapes are used. The dimensions of the outer inner diameter are determined by means of formwork. In the space of these dimensions, a reinforcing wire mesh or wire is placed and the solution is poured. To better compact the mold, it is usually subjected to a vibratory action that compresses the concrete. As a result, the product is very durable, can withstand heavy loads and effectively fulfills its mission.
In the manufacture of well rings, special clamps can be installed, which are called runners. Industrial reinforced concrete rings often have special rebated locks (look like protrusions in the lower part of the rings and their rooms at the top). Thanks to this structural features, it is possible to conduct a reliable and dense fixation of the wellbore to avoid displacement of the constituent rings.
Wells with own hands
Now it's time to consider the step-by-step technology of constructing well rings by yourself. If you do everything gradually and accurately, the result will be appropriate.
Shape for the well
There are a lot of options for making a form, we will stop on the tested one. You need to pick up two metal barrels, which correspond to the size of the well ring. The manufacturing process will not be affected by the squeezed latch bars on their walls. You can also use pipes or ducts of the correct diameter. You can assemble the form cylinders by joining separate sheets to each other. A good result was seen at the formwork, made of plastic cylinders.
On the outer surface of the large barrel of the future form, two longitudinal markings must be made. They will divide the barrel into two uniform parts vertically. Further it is necessary to use simple window or door awnings. On the layouts, you need to place two canopies so that their leaves are placed at the edges of the line, and the bend of the canopy along and over the markings. With the help of rivets or welding, sheds are attached to the cylinder. On the inside of the barrel, you need to accurately copy the markings placed outside.
On the inside, the future shape is cut in such a way as not to damage the fixed canopies from the outside. Here you can use the Bulgarian and install the thinnest cutting circle. On one side of the future form, in the place where the canopies are installed, it is necessary to cut off the lower hinges of the bending spindles at each canopy.
Please note, this is done only on one side. Cut off spindles are pulled out, and the resulting shape is opened. When closing the form, it is necessary to develop the mobility and comparability of the parties. To ensure that the form flaps are locked in place, you can use the cut-off spindles. Also, you can pick up other spindles that fit the diameter, as in the photo of the well rings.
Now you need to prepare the inside for the future shape. To do this, you need to use a metal barrel or a pre-prepared form. On the inner side, two marking lines should be applied. They should be located from each other at a distance of 1/3 of the length of the entire circumference of the barrel. Note that the cylinder is not divided into equal parts vertically, one part should be wider than the other approximately twice. On the inner side should be installed awnings, as well as on the outside.
On the inside, lines of marking are copied outwards. After that, the cylinder is carefully cut along these lines, so as not to damage the internal canopies. Do canopies placed on the same line, you need to cut the heads of the spindles from the bend. After this, the spindles are removed, and the resulting shape is developed. When it is closed, the compatibility of the parties is adjusted.
Please note that the assembled view of the inner barrel should be above the outer one by about five to ten centimeters. The external form of the formwork is easy to close, open and lock with spindles. The inner form should also easily open inwards. When the ring is released, the inner form should be removed first.
The canopies are freed from the removable spindles, the smaller part of the mold is folded inwards and easily pulled out of the fresh ring. The outer shape is also removed easily, but by opening to the outside. You can use this form more than once. Perhaps it will come in handy for your friends or relatives.
Materials for the well
For the standard production of well rings, you will need sand, cement, crushed stone, water, a concrete mixer, lifting devices, a form, a reinforced frame and a good construction site. First, you need to determine the volume of the well ring, which you will do with your own hands. It is very important that the thickness of the ring is not less than 7 centimeters.
When making a concrete ring, the temperature should be from 8 degrees. In the heat, evaporation of moisture should be slowed down, because with rapid drying the product will not be able to acquire the required strength. You can keep the product from direct sunlight and provide the necessary humidity.
As with all concrete work, the composition of the mixture is usually determined by the ratio of the volume of its constituents: sand, gravel and cement. The quantity of cement serves as a unit of reference. It is advisable to use fresh and ripe cement, not less than grade M400. Under mature is meant cement, aged for at least thirty days after its manufacture. For the production of well rings, the volume of water is very important - from 0.5 to 0.7 parts of cement, sand - from 2 to 2.5, gravel - from 3 to 4. This ratio will ensure maximum density for concrete.
To prepare concrete, you first need to mix sand and cement, then add water and mix again thoroughly. After that, the resulting mixture is added gravel, which is pre-soaked in water. The ready-made form should be installed on a flat floor or a metal pallet. Between the outer and inner cylinder should be placed reinforcement mesh. If it is not available, you can use a wire of two or six millimeters, which is laid gradually in turns with the addition of concrete.
Rings can be made without the use of reinforcement, but in this case their thickness should be no less than fifteen centimeters. Such rings serve for a very long time. Between the cylinders, spacer wooden wedges are installed above the average to avoid displacement of the cylinders during the laying of the concrete composition.
Filling the solution into the mold
After a long stirring, the concrete is placed in the form for the well ring to a height of no more than 15-25 centimeters. After that, the solution is compacted over the entire diameter with a thick metal rod of 12-20 millimeters. This is necessary for quality sealing of the shape and strength of the entire product. You can use a wooden rammer using a conventional shovel, chopper or handle from a shovel. The space needs to be filled again, tamping the concrete mixture around. When the level of the folded concrete is above average, the wooden spacers can be removed.
You must fill the whole mold and smooth the exposed surface of the laid concrete. It is desirable that this surface is flat, since it will be docked. To the concrete form filled with concrete, vibration can be applied, which will help to maximally compact concrete and fill all possible voids. If necessary, after this procedure, you can add a little more concrete mixture. But the vibration procedure is optional.
To ensure good tightness, special lids are used, which ensure complete isolation and block foreign objects or liquids, as shown in the video on well rings. This approach is especially useful if the structure is in open space or is not protected by a canopy.
After three or four days, the form can be disassembled. If the humidity and temperature are optimal, you can release the ring from the mold the next day. It can not be moved and rolled, since the mixture has not been fully consolidated. If you want to get a sufficiently strong concrete, you should wet the finished ring with water for 7 consecutive days. Wells can be used after a ten-day exposure, provided optimum temperature and good humidity.
The installation of well rings is carried out with the help of cranes, they are placed one above the other on the principle of a pyramid. To ensure that these rings do not move with respect to each other during installation, they are accepted to be fastened together in four places with the help of steel staples or plates. Although to save your time, which goes to the installation of the well, it is best to make well rings with a lock, but at the same time, the material will be consumed more.
If you want the well to last as long as possible, you should perform an external waterproofing. For this purpose, the rings are treated with a special solution. With the disrupted production technology and poor quality of the material, there is a risk of poisoning with water from the well in which these products are laid.
Thus, well rings are used for installation in sewer, gas, water supply systems, inspection walls and wells. The scope of these products is quite extensive. If you want to make such a ring yourself, there's nothing complicated in it. At home, you need to have special equipment for the production of well rings and a spacious area. It is necessary to strictly follow each stage of construction, and also do everything carefully and without haste.