The classic cesspit will remain for a long time one of the most common options used in the construction of autonomous sewer systems. Its erection is quite an economical exercise, but the application cesspool as capacity implies its regular pumping.
The need for pumping cesspools
The use of cesspools in self-contained sewage systems will allow you to save substantially your money during the construction phase. But in the future such a structure, unlike a septic tank, will require regular maintenance.
Cesspool is just a storage tank, which receives sewage. In such equipment there is no cleaning, sewage is stored in the cesspool until the emptying is performed.
There are certain sanitary rules for the construction and maintenance of cesspools on household plots. So, the pits should be located no closer than 15 meters from residential buildings. A sewage drainage pit in itself is a potential source of contamination of both the surrounding soil and the air in the area of its head. Untimely cleaning of cesspools can lead to adverse environmental consequences. In addition, the overflowed drainage sewage pit is a source of sharp unpleasant odors, which significantly reduces the comfort of living in your own home.
In modern conditions, not only household fecal water and waste products of food products are dumped into the cesspool, as well as corrosive chemically dangerous substances are present in sewage sludge, for example, used in washing or dishwasher machines. The ingress of such substances into the human body or even just into the soil can lead to very dangerous consequences.
There are unsealed modifications to cesspools. In them, a drainage cushion is laid on the bottom, which partially cleans incoming sewage. But such an unreliable barrier does not stop acid or alkali, which freely pass through a layer of sand or gravel. The flow of such substances into the soil can suppress the growth of crops or even destroy them.
When it is necessary to clean the cesspool
The sewage drainage pit is a very simple structure. Unlike modern autonomous systems cleaning of drains, it does not mount sensors that record the level of filling. Therefore, you will have to visually check the filling level of the cesspool. At the same time, your sensations, first of all from the smell, will not be the most pleasant.
In addition to domestic sewage, fluids may fall into the drainage pit after heavy rains or snow melts. Therefore, during the spring period or prolonged rains, the level of sewage in the cesspool should be carefully monitored.
Important! The ability to fill a cesspool at once with large volumes of liquid in emergency cases dictates the need to begin its purification not at the time of full filling, but when sewage reaches two thirds of its volume.
Associated harmful substances in cesspools
In addition to unpleasant odors, excessive accumulation of sewage can lead to even a fire hazard. Organic, decomposing in sewage, emits a large amount of methane, which is not only dangerous to humans, but is also an easily flammable gas.
To prevent the accumulation of methane in the cesspools in their heads, the ventilation pipes must necessarily be installed, but with a large accumulation of decomposing organics, the pipe will not be a panacea. Pits need to be cleaned regularly - this is the only way to avoid excessive accumulation of methane.
Clean the cesspool by yourself
In order to choose the method for cleaning the pit in your area, first of all, you need to evaluate some parameters.
- The amount of sewage to be pumped out.
- The location of the cesspool on a household plot. The tight construction and the inability to access the sewerage machine can make mechanical cleaning impossible.
- The amount of money that you can spend on pumping out drains.
The most optimal and fastest way to clean the cesspool is to use the sewage technology - a specialized machine with a pump and capacity. Such equipment allows not only to completely empty the pit from impurities, but also to clean (wash) the inner surface sewage pit. Of course, you will have to pay extra for this service.
However, with small volumes of the cesspool, for example, in the country, cleaning of the container can be done independently, without involving third-party specialists.
Independently we siphon a cesspool
In order not to spend money on acquiring the services of third-party specialists with sewerage equipment, you will need the following tools and equipment.
We select a pump for pumping out drains
We describe in more detail how to choose. Such pumping devices can differ in location, for example, be immersed, semi-submerged or on the surface.
In any case, regardless of the location, the pumping device for pumping out cesspools must provide the necessary pressure to lift the sewage from the bottom of the pit to the upper volume of the tank and move this mass a certain distance horizontally.
After selecting the pump device with the required head, it is necessary to estimate the volume of the pumped out drains so that pumping out the pit does not take too long. To calculate the volume of the well, formulas from the school course of geometry are used.
We select a tank for transportation of drains
A good solution for the organization of independent pumping and transportation of sewage sludge will be the choice of containers made of durable plastic with a wide mouth in the upper part and a drainage hole in the lower part.
This capacity can be installed even on a trailer for a car. It is filled after installation on the vehicle. When filling the tank, carefully monitor the level of drains in it, do not allow it to overflow. Chances are, you will have to make several flights before you recycle the entire cesspool.
Important! Approach with great responsibility to the selection of a place for the disposal of sewage. If you just pour out the contents of the container in the nearest forest belt, then there is a big chance to run into a large fine, which will block all your savings from self-fulfillment.
How to manually pump out the cesspool by hand
The purchase and use of a separate pump and transportation tanks for pumping small pitches of cesspools can be economically unjustified. You can pump out a small-sized sink pit by yourself using manual labor.
For manual pumping waste pit prepare tools.
At least two people should participate in the process of independent manual pumping of the sink pit. This is due to safety requirements, since an employee on the surface must, if necessary, provide emergency assistance.
Manual pumping of the waste pit is carried out in the following sequence.
Work in the bottom layer requires special attention and the working space needs constant ventilation to prevent methane vapor poisoning.
Nuances of using a sewer machine
If you order a special service for the mechanized pumping of a waste pit, carefully consider the modification of the proposed sewage equipment. Modern sewage machines are equipped with vacuum pumps that allow not only to effectively remove liquid effluents, but also to select the bottom layer from the silt.
The mechanized cleaning is carried out in the following sequence.
- Along with a specialist, measure the distance from the pit of the sewage pit to the nearest site where the sewer machine can be placed. Some models of machines have the ability to build up hoses, as a result of which their total length can reach ten meters. In addition, the length of the hose depends on the power of the pump.
- Choose from the proposed ads the one that best suits you by parameters and cost.
- Monitor the work of specialists, the sink pit must be cleaned completely, to the very bottom.
In general, the cost of mechanized sewage pumping can range from 300 to 400 rubles per liquid fraction and from 1.2 to 1.5 thousand rubles for pumping silt. There are complex proposals, in addition, the price may vary due to the situation on the market.
Clean the cesspool using chemicals
In addition to mechanical emptying of sewage pits, there are chemical methods for neutralizing impurities. In this case, they are applied on the basis of the achievements of the chemical and biological sciences, which both eliminate unpleasant odors, and decompose organic residues into elemental chemical compounds.
Chemical Cleaning
The application is mainly to eliminate unpleasant smells of sewage. The chemical industry produces a large range of means for disinfecting sewage.
The chemical composition of such substances largely coincides with conventional fertilizers based on nitrogen compounds. In interaction with water, such preparations actively decompose organic remains into elemental substances harmless to the environment. Typically, these compounds include surface active substances. The task of surfactants is to ensure the penetration of nitrates throughout the entire volume of the sink pit.
The use of nitrate oxidants for the neutralization of sewage has an obvious advantage - such preparations interact well with residues of household chemicals, which constitute an essential part of the volume of effluents in modern homes.
The central sewer system is not always available to residents of small towns and the private sector. Very often the only available option for diversion and collection of domestic waste is a septic tank or a cesspool. It is very important, when planning the arrangement of a cesspool on its site, it is necessary to correctly calculate the volume of wastewater and the way to pump and dispose of it, and, based on this, choose the type of cesspool. Below we will consider the types of cesspools that can be made on your own personal or suburban area, as well as equipment and methods for pumping domestic sewage.
Types of cesspools
All cesspools can be divided into three main types:
- Absorbing cesspools (pits without a sealed bottom).
- Hermetic cesspools.
- Septics
The simplest and most budgetary option for equipping a cesspool is a conventional storage tank that does not have a sealed bottom. What are the advantages of such a cesspool? First, such a cesspool without pumping can last a long time, depending on how dense the ground is on the site. Secondly, such a cesspool of the house can be of relatively small size, and the device of the cesspool does not need to spend a lot of money.
However, such a reservoir has a number of significant drawbacks. One of the main - household waste from the pit fall immediately into the ground, which can harm the environment and health. In addition, a pit without a sealed bottom can not cope with a large volume of sewage. Another drawback - the pit eventually sinks. Even if there is sandy soil on the site, and water initially leaves very quickly, in time, the runoff will be absorbed all the worse because of accumulation at the bottom of the silt. The pit gradually becomes shallow, and it falls asleep, and it is necessary to dig a new one. This is another disadvantage of a cesspool without a bottom - the useful area of the plot decreases.
Hermetic cesspit is not dangerous for the environment, it is much more convenient to operate. The sealed pit is a closed tank that does not allow water to pass through. Building Material for such a pit can serve as concrete, brick, plastic, gas silicate block, etc. Such a pit needs frequent pumping, for which it will be necessary to call a sewer machine, and with increasing the service life it will have to be done more often. And if a large volume of drains constantly flows into the sealed cesspool, then the car-scavenger will have to be called about once a week, since sludge will accumulate at the bottom of the pit, and the visit of the sewers will not be so cheap.
Important point: by arranging a private sewage system, try to calculate its volume - it should roughly coincide with the capacity of the sewage machine. Thus, until her next visit, the cesspool will not have time to overflow.
The most reliable type of cesspool, which can be arranged on its site, is a septic tank. This construction is a well, the bottom of which is lined with a thick layer of crushed stone, gravel, or broken bricks, which serves as a filter for drains. The bottom filter produces an initial, rough cleaning of the drain, then the water enters the ground, where it gradually clears. Thus, the septic tank is filled rather slowly, and the minimum amount of contaminated water gets into the soil.
A septic tank can be single- and multi-chamber. The multicameral septic tank is distinguished by its good environmental friendliness, because it involves deep water purification, which can even be used for irrigation. However, the device of the multi-chamber septic tank is labor-intensive and expensive.
If there is a desire to work independently on the device of a cesspool, and there are no extra means, you can use worn-out automotive rubber.
Tires can be completely "bald", but without holes. This option allows you to save not only at the expense, in other words, garbage, which you can get for copecks or for free at the nearest tire fitting, but also on the device concrete foundation, which can be successfully replaced with a pillow made of rubble and sand. Its thickness should be about 40 centimeters. From above it is possible to make 10-15 centimeter cement screed.
To increase the volume of the rubber tank, the side parts of the tires are cut.
It is desirable to connect the tires with each other using bolts. Inside the rubber well a sewage pipe is being built - and the cesspool is ready.
Absorbing pit by one's own hands
This design attracts the owners of their own countryside by its simplicity and the possibility of not often resorting to the services of sewers. The walls of the cesspool can be laid out of a brick or a gas silicate block. It's even easier and faster to install concrete rings in the well, but in this case you can not do without a crane manipulator. Consider a variant of a cesspool using concrete rings in more detail.
So, the concrete rings with a diameter of one meter will need three pieces. First, you need to excavate the pit, the shaft, whose diameter should exceed the diameter of the ring by about 80 centimeters.
At the bottom of the shaft, along the perimeter, make a concrete screed, leaving the central part empty. Screed will serve as the basis for the lower ring. In the lowest ring, a number of holes are drilled in order that the water can freely move out of the hole. You can buy a concrete ring with the holes ready.
The diameter of the holes should be about 5 centimeters.
Important point: do not make a well depth of more than three meters, as the hose of the sewage machine may not reach the bottom and extract a muddy residue.
The lower part of the well is covered with a simple filtering composition: broken brick, gravel and sand. Its thickness should be about a meter.
The same composition falls asleep and the outer space between the rings and the ground. Directly before filling, the outer and inner parts of the rings must be treated with bitumen mastic for waterproofing. You can save a little bit of bitumen mastic and coat the rings with a layer of greasy clay on the outside. At the end of the work, the shaft of the well is closed with a lid with two openings - one for pumping out the drain, the second for venting the cesspool.
The walls of the absorbing well can also be laid out of bricks. For this purpose, and a brick "used" - the main thing is that it does not crumble and crack. Brickwork takes much more time and effort than setting rings. But for laying the brick in the sewer shaft, the mason's skills will not be needed - nobody will see the clutch anyway. The main thing is to properly tie the corners. The bricks are put in staggered order, leaving holes for drainage of water.
Before the beginning of the laying at the bottom of the pit along the perimeter arrange a cement screed - the same as in the case with concrete rings. The screed should last for 7-8 days. In the process of laying bricks, it is necessary to leave holes under the sewer pipe. It should be below the freezing point of the ground so that in winter there are no problems with drainage. Sewage pipe should have a smooth, not too steep slope from the house towards the cesspool.
Ready-made cesspool kit
The most convenient and fastest option is to make a cesspool in accordance with the accurately sized dimensions of the finished components. The only insignificant drawback is that the manufacturer himself sets the parameters of the volume of the structure. But since the product is released with the expectation of an average consumer, it will not be difficult to find a suitable kit.
First of all, they dig a pit, taking into account the dimensions of concrete components. At the bottom sewage well arrange a concrete pillow and leave it for a week, until the concrete gets stronger. During this time, the concrete is dampened with water from time to time.
After that, you can order delivery kit. Typically, the implementers provide the installation of concrete sewerage parts using a manipulator mounted on the car. When installing between rings, it is recommended to make a jumper for separating dirt and treated water.
As is clear from the foregoing, there are quite a lot of methods for arranging a cesspool on its site. It remains only from the variety of options to choose the most suitable, which meets individual needs.
Pumping out cesspools
Cleaning of the cesspool can be done by contacting the sewers for help, but you can do it yourself.
In a specialized company engaged in pumping and recycling of domestic sewage, it is guaranteed to provide the appropriate services, completely clearing the cesspool or septic tank from the waste. For this you will have to pay a certain amount.
In addition, it is necessary to ensure the free entrance of a bulky car to the cesspool. It must also be ensured that the machine picks up all waste to the bottom, only then the cesspool or septic tank will function normally.
Self-cleaning of the cesspool can be done manually or by means of a fecal or faecal-drainage pump. Manual cleaning is carried out only if the pit is of small volume. It will take a rope or pole, to which a bucket is attached.
It is also necessary to protect all exposed skin areas from contact with contaminated drains. Will not interfere with the cotton-gauze dressing or a respirator. It is clear that the pleasure of such work is very doubtful, and a pungent smell throughout the site is guaranteed. For a regular pumping out of the cesspool, it is better to purchase a fecal pump and a capacity of a suitable volume for temporary storage of pumped out drains.
Household fecal pumps for cesspools
The main difference between faecal pumps and other models is that they can be used to pump out a liquid containing solid deposits without problems.
Such equipment is very useful for owners of sites that are subject to regular flooding groundwater, because with the help of fecal pumps you can pump out not only sewage from cesspools and septic tanks, but also water from the basement and the house.
All fecal pumps for the design and installation method are divided into several types:
- Surface pumps.
- Submersible pumps.
- Semi-submersible pumps.
It should immediately be noted that surface and semi-submersible pumps are not suitable for pumping out cesspits. There are several reasons for this, but the main thing is the absence of a grinder for solid particles. Since pumping septic tanks and cesspools should be made to the very bottom, the pump will inevitably have to pump solid fractions, and it is desirable that the pump is at the bottom of the tank. And although surface pumps are easier to install and dismantle, only a submersible pump can handle one hundred percent with pumping out the cesspit. Before starting the work, you should carefully read the instructions, as the parameters and operating conditions of different models can vary significantly.
Submersible faecal pump is installed on the bottom of the cesspool or septic tank. In this case, special guides are placed on the wall of the tank, and a branch pipe is lowered to the bottom. The pump is lowered on a chain or a cable. The pump is mounted on the nipple under the weight of its own weight. Such equipment is popular due to its convenience and ease of use.
The pump's capacity must correspond to the volume of liquid that must be pumped out and the height at which it needs to be lifted. The maximum power of the submersible pump can be 40 kW. A pump of this power can pump about 400 cubic meters of liquid per hour, lifting it from a depth of 20 meters. But there is no point in buying such a pump for your own site. Calculate the power of the pump for each particular case is very simple with the help of the formula: pit depth + hose length / 10. For example, the depth of the septic tank is 8 meters, the hose is needed for 40 meters of length: 8 + 40/10 = 12 meters. That is, when buying a pump, you should give preference to a pump capable of raising sewage to a height of 12 meters or more. A small margin of power will allow the pump to run without unnecessary load.
As we have already mentioned, such a useful thing as a chopper is mainly equipped with submersible pumps.
As for surface and semi-submersible models, they have only a hose inside the drain, and the pump itself is near the pit. Thus, all the solid particles must first fly along the entire length of the hose, and crush already at the top. For this reason, surface hoses often hose hoses. In addition, in these models, the chopper is installed only at the customer's request, it is not standard.
Submersible pumps have no competitors in terms of protection and resistance to aggressive environments. Virtually all models are designed for 10 years or more. So, you can buy such a pump for a cesspool, install it, and that's it. Automation will react as soon as the level of sewage rises to a certain level, and the pump itself pumps out everything. But there is one necessary condition: a system of settling tanks must be installed on the site or a suitable capacity for the subsequent removal of wastewater is adapted. Of course, it is possible, by the simplicity of the soul, to take the hose to the nearest gutter, or simply to some wasteland outside the site, but in this case be prepared for the neighbors to promptly inform about your self-activity "where you should go."
And finally: try not to be tempted by the small price of Chinese handicrafts, and choose the pumps of proven manufacturers: SFA, Sprut, Grundfos, etc.
Anyone who encounters accommodation autonomous sewerage, is familiar with such concept, as a cesspool.
This is an underground structure designed to store the drains that are drained by their total sewage system.
The drainage pits are of different types, there are variants without a bottom and with septic fillers, but both require regular cleaning. Pumping of waste pits can be carried out in various ways.
So it looks like pumping a sinkhole
Modern methods
You can pump out the cesspool by using a special fecal pump.
This method is characterized as simple and reliable, but at the same time it is the most expensive of all.
These devices are equipped with an automatic mechanism that, through the sensor, regulates the level of waste that is collected in the tank.
The pump must always be in the pit, so that when necessary, proceed to filter it.
Pumping the drainage pit with a fecal pump
Pumping of drainage pits is often carried out with the help of sewer machines.
This method is especially useful when there is no possibility to take out drains on its own.
The machine for pumping out cesspools is simply necessary when it comes to a country house in which 4-5 people live permanently.
To be able to use this kind of public services, care should be taken to ensure that the pit is easy to access, and it was not deeper than 3 m.
Pumping the drainage pit with a sewage machine
If you need to pump a sinkhole in a suburban area where there is a small amount of wastewater, then you can do it yourself, but you need a conventional bucket for this.
If you are sure that chemical substances have not poured into the sewer system, it is possible not to take out drains anywhere, but simply to bury it in another pit and cover it with earth.
Pumping the pit with buckets
Now pumping septic tanks and cesspools can be carried out without pumps.
Special biologics are used for this.
At one time they were withdrawn by American scientists, and the main feature of such bacteria is the ability to recycle the cesspools.
And this is possible, even if chlorine is present in the effluent.
Before the bacteria enter the waste medium, they are in a dormant state, their activation occurs in a humid environment.
The peculiar repair of waste pits using biological preparations is very simple, because active substances are able to process both feces, paper, and various fats with microorganisms.
And they happen different levels effectiveness, for example:
Cleaning of waste pits with biobacteria
- reduce the amount of waste water;
- process the effluent to a liquid state, after which they are absorbed into the soil;
- completely splits water and feces.
Self cleaning
If you do not want to spend extra money, you can completely pump out the cesspool with your own hands.
And if the design is small, and also water flows from the washing machine, the shower, etc., in principle it will not be difficult to cope with this task.
Cleaning of the pit by means of protection
Self-pumping cesspools begins with such procedures:
- preparation of the necessary personal protective equipment (respirators, waterproof shoes, rubber gloves and special clothing);
- the necessary tool (rope, shovel and bucket).
It is worth noting that it is problematic to pump out the drainage pit to one person, at least, they should be 2.
This is how the drainage pit is cleaned up with its own hands
Sequencing:
- it is necessary to open the pit and air it for two hours;
- a rope or cable is attached to the bucket, after which the pumping begins;
- after you reach the silt layer, you need to go down into the pit and use the shovel to select the solid fractions of the drains that remain at the bottom.
It is especially important not to poison with methane vapor. When cleaning is carried out in the bottom layer, it is necessary to ensure constant ventilation of the working space.
Chemical Cleaning
There is a unique way that the drainage well is not pumped for a long time, but it consists in the use of special substances with chemical composition. They not only eliminate the unpleasant smell from the sewage facilities, but also decompose organic residues into separate compounds.
Modern industry offers just a huge assortment of such tools, among them there are:
Biological treatment products
As you can see, pumping out cesspools can be carried out in completely different ways, which one to choose is up to you.
Video
Owners country houses, which have a cesspool as a sewer system, face a regular need to clean it. In this article, we will talk about what methods are currently being used to pump out the pits.
The most correct method is to entrust such delicate work to professionals. The modern market of services has a wide choice of campaigns, therefore before to involve experts, it is desirable to get acquainted with history of the company and responses of its clients.
If the company has a positive image, then it can even conclude a long contract for regular cleaning of the cesspool. And even more so to resort to its services in emergency situations (unplanned filling of the discharge pit or its failure).
From the owner a country house It is necessary to comply with one condition - to ensure the access of the car-sanitation to the cesspool.
It would seem that cleaning is not a difficult task and every specialist can handle it, even with minimal experience.
In fact, the procedure for cleaning the cesspool and sewer pipes must be performed by professionals in their field who have practical skills in working with technology. Then waste from the waste pit will be extracted without danger to human health and without unauthorized emissions of toxins into the environment.
Cleaning of cesspools is not just the removal of waste from them, but also their removal, proper disposal of sewage in a specific place specially designated for this purpose. Therefore, it is so important not only to draw up a contract for waste disposal with the company, but also to check the availability of permits.
Only then can you be sure that the hygiene standards will be fully met.
Not so long ago there was a new method of cleaning - pumping out of drain pits with a sewer truck with vacuum cleaning.
This method of cleaning instantly won special popularity among the owners of country houses, but its cost is slightly higher than the usual services of the sewerage service.
How to clean the drain hole yourself?
If you decide to drain the drainage pit yourself, without attracting specialists and with minimal financial costs, then you will need the following.
Namely:
- Pump (water or fecal).
- Capacity.
If in a country house live only seasonally, there are no water heating and other household appliances, then the drainage pit will not be filled up so quickly. In addition, if the volume of the drainage pit is small, you can clean it yourself. Specialists recommend buying a special fecal pump.
The modern market offers a novelty - fecal pumps with automatics. Such pumps can be permanently kept in a cesspool, they automatically start to drain and filter the drains when the pit is filled.
The water pump is also suitable, but it can very quickly become clogged with mud and other contaminants.
A little tip: install a filter, this will increase the pump running time.
Before, you need to prepare the tank in advance - ideally it should have the same volume as the cesspool. The container must have a lid to prevent contamination from entering the environment. Sewage drains should be taken to a special place where toxic waste disposal is allowed.
After the pumping out the pits, take care of washing them. To do this, you can use a water pump that supplies water under high pressure. Such a procedure for washing the walls of the drainage pit will slow the formation of stone-like growths on them.
Sewer pipes also need to be cleaned.
A bit of advice: when going down into the drain pit, do not neglect the safety measures - be sure to use insurance (at least in the form of a rope). It is desirable to clean the drainage pit under the supervision of another person.
Pumping out of drain pits, where all sewage wastes, including from the toilet, are to be merged into several stages:
- We fall asleep special biopowder.
- After a while, we repeat the filling of the bio-powder.
- We proceed to clear the drainage pit (when from it there will be no smell).