To improve the usability of its often make closed. In this case, one of the most popular ways to protect the internal space is the glazing.
As for balconies and verandas, in this case, three types of profiles can be used: aluminum, PVC and wooden. The first two options are somewhat more popular due to their practicality and relatively low cost.
Advantages of glazing
Glazed porch is not only to protect its interior from rain, wind, snow and icing in winter, but also in order to slightly increase the living area of the house. In addition, they look much more aesthetic and more respectable than open ones:
Glazing with plastic windows
Aluminum profile It is possible to use a street staircase of absolutely any design. Photo of the glazed porch a country house
Disadvantages of aluminum frames
The disadvantages of such frames include, first of all, a high degree of thermal conductivity. For the equipment of a warm porch they are not suitable. In addition, many models are much more expensive than plastic ones.
Photo glazed porch to the house. Warm verandas using this type of profile rarely arrange
Having decided to build on individual project, the private developer often discovers that the porch, which is being built in conjunction with the house, has a disproportionately large share of the estimated costs. Designers and builders here do not cheat: the extra corners of the basement and its ledge under the porch require in-depth calculations and technical measures to ensure a uniform shrinkage of the structure. Therefore in many cases it turns out to be expedient to build a house without a porch, and then to attach a porch to it with their own hands. Moreover, such work is possible to a person with an initial experience of an amateur builder, or does not have one, and a porch that is properly attached to the house will not affect the strength of the building's structure.
Material selection
Porch to the house can be attached brick, stone, concrete, wooden or steel, welded from profiles or cold forging. The brick is undesirable: natural soil chemistry, microflora and microfauna, which destroy material quickly enough, fall on it with splashes during rain. It is for this reason that brick houses are built on a pedestal with a height of 400 mm. Completely forged or stone porch are complex in execution and will cost very much. It is much easier and cheaper to build a porch of simple shapes and then to coat under a stone or the same brick or decorate with overhead forged elements.
As for the aesthetic qualities of the remaining materials, the assertion that, they say, to concrete house you need a porch and concrete, to a wooden one - wooden, are not grounded. The houses on the photo below with a porch made of materials, seemingly not combining and with each other, and with the basic structural material of the building. Nevertheless, it is immediately evident that they are combined. Technically, it is quite possible to attach a porch from any material to any house. Than we also will be engaged.
Base
To build a porch is necessary so that during seasonal soil movements and due to unequal shrinkage, the house and porch do not influence each other. Cracks along the contours of the house with the porch are undesirable in any case, but in no case should they violate the designs of both. Suddenly, the crack still went, you need to be able to repair it, not undertaking complex construction work.
The fulfillment of these conditions ensures a properly executed porch base. A private house and subsequently attached porch to it must have separate foundations; this is, generally speaking, the general principle of building extensions to a house that has already shrunk. Schemes of the bases of the wings for different cases of life are given in Fig., And the ways of interfacing the porch with the basic structure will be dis- cussed as the matter progresses. for different porch materials they are different.
Note: if the height of the basement under the porch is more than 200 mm, then its reinforcement (see below) must be done in 3 levels. Replace unclipped and columnar foundations masonry of ready-made concrete blocks with rare exceptions (see below), is highly undesirable, because then, due to the low weight load, the base of the porch will turn out to be unstable.
Tree
Wooden porch looks great in any house and with any decorative design. To build a porch made of wood is the easiest. The base of the wooden porch also requires the simplest to perform: a columnar or unclipped foundation, see Fig. The last one (on the right in the figure), in general, as the saying goes, a song is one of the 2 cases when it is possible to use ready-made concrete blocks - "bull-calves" 400x400x200. If the flight of the staircase of the porch (see below) from the board-up to 900 mm, enough pair of "bull-calves". Span up to 1300 mm - the treads of the steps are reinforced from below with 40x40 side beams. The span is more - additional support blocks are needed.
On the 3rd fig. Below are typical designs of wooden fenders. Typical design of individual housing is made to study the requests of developers, therefore, it is possible that you will find a porch here, suitable for you. But the main thing - pay attention to the ways of joining wooden parts.
The huge advantage of a porch made of wood is that it can "play" according to the motions of the ground, while remaining tightly attached to the house. Therefore, a wooden porch does not need a particularly stable foundation. But "tighten" the frame of the wooden porch, too, do not, he should walk a little as if on hinges, see Fig. on right.
Some special hinges are not required, the usual carpentry joints are quite elastic and pliable for this. Each porch in Fig. with the projects done in such a way that it will win back the motions of the ground down to the strongly punched, not transferring excessive stresses to the structure of the frame house. And it will withstand the "carcass", and will withstand any other.
Stairs
The staircase is the most difficult knot of any porch, and the wooden staircase is harder to make than the others. However, heavy long-term work is not required for this and a wooden staircase can be attached to any other porch. Therefore, it is with the ladder and you should start developing your own porch to the house.
Essential elements
The ladder, as is well known, can be made in bowstring and on kosoura (slanting), see Fig. At the staircase in the bowstring, the ends of the pads - steps - are covered with load-bearing beams, and at the stairs on the Kosovra the ends of the steps are free. Wooden staircases for outdoor use are preferably done on strings so that moisture does not stagnate in the gap between the string and the step and does not cause rotting of the wood.
The gap between the upstairs of the upper stage and the lower tread is called the riser; it can be open and closed (deaf). The steps of one flight of stairs, collected in strings or on strings, constitute a flight of stairs. The overhang of the step above the riser (step spacing) allows to increase the width of the tread, without reducing the angle of inclination of the march, and, accordingly, the flight of the ladder-the length of its projection onto the underlying surface. To give the overhang of a step more than 30-40 mm is undesirable, people will cling to it with the toes of shoes. In order for the shoes to overtake less, the blind step is sometimes made oblique anteriorly flush to the leading edge of the upper step.
Note: general schemes of the device and fastening of wooden stairs are given on the next page. Fig., but we will deal with the details further.
Calculation
The outer staircase can be wet, icy. It often grows tired, chilled and drenched. Therefore, the height of the steps of the outer staircase should be kept at an optimum - 160-175 mm, and the angle of inclination of the march within 30-40 degrees. The width of the tread for the same reasons is taken more than for internal ladders - 280-320 mm. To give it over 350 is not necessary, it will be inconvenient to rise. Span of the outer staircase, counting on walking in outer clothing, should, if possible, be taken no less than the inner staircase of the double passageway, i.e. from 1300 mm.
Note: the slope of the march is calculated as arctg (h / w), where h is the height of the step, and w is the width of the trough without the overhang.
Also, for the convenience of walking and reducing the likelihood of slipping, the stairs are designed so that the person descends from the last step with the same foot that he stepped onto the first. It follows that there should be an odd number of steps in the ladder. According to these data, knowing the area accessible from under the stairs outside, it is calculated. If the calculation does not converge, it is necessary, first, to "play" the size of the overhang. In addition, the stairs to the porch comes out most often on the site. This gives the possibility of an upper last, so-called. a frieze step, done already. Well, and the place in front of the house to fit stairs removal, most often enough. Finally, you can vary the width of the area, but if it goes less than 750 mm, it is better to abandon the site altogether.
The stairway on the Kosaur
The most important knot of the staircase on the porch is to connect it to the building. On the left in Fig. The methods of pairing the ladder on the Kosowr without a platform are shown. Pairing to pos. 1 (kosour with zapilom) is preferable for wooden house, which also plays well and gives less shrinkage. The cross-section of the girder beam (which in this case is attached to the lower rim of the carcass or frame) is 75x50 mm.
To fix the kosoura without cutting (position 2 on the left), an area beam from 100x50 mm in diameter is required. This method is preferred for fixing the ladder to stone and concrete structures. In any case, the tread of the upper step must be located 50-60 mm below the top of the door threshold, in order to further shrink the house.
On the right in Fig. - methods of fixing the flight of the ladder to the platform depending on the width of the frieze stage. If the site is wooden (see below), then it will be a damper between the stairs and the building; in this case, the kosour can be fastened to the beam beam tightly, for example, with steel corners and self-tapping screws. Otherwise, the kosour is attached to the beam with a sash without cutting.
The ways of fixing the steps to the stripe are shown on the next page. Fig. Fixing on the fillets and steel holders is laborious, but it's good that you can put 150x50 or 150x75 regular beams on the strips. Molded sawn timber of greater width per cubic meter is much more expensive, because great waste of wood when sawing timber.
Note: dowels in this case it is wooden dowels, not furniture dowels!
Area
A wooden staircase is usually a frame of a bar from 150x150. Support pillars, if they are wooden - from the same beam. If the width / length of the platform exceeds 1.7 m, it is necessary to set the crossbar (s) also from the bar 150x150. The bars of the frame and the cross-pieces in the joints cut into the middle.
The flooring of the site is laid on logs 150x50. The logs are located parallel to the short side of the platform with a step up to 750 mm (under the flooring from the board of the forties) and cut into the frame and cross-pieces also in the middle. Planks for flooring should not be grooved, rotten! The porch area is covered with boards with rounded corners with gaps of 2-3 mm for water drainage. Board spacers for mounting external wooden decking is on sale, on the left in Fig.
Note: in general, all the porch should initially be designed so that the ends of the boards / beams are protected from direct exposure to moisture. It is better to give a little face and cut it off, then break your head, what to do with rot. An example of the correct execution of the porch railing is on the right in Fig.
Stairway in the bowstring
The staircase on the Kosovar does not always fit the chosen design of the porch. In this case, the ladder in the strings must be designed in such a way that it is as stable as possible in external influences.
The general arrangement of the wooden ladder in the strings is shown in Fig. To dispense with a pair of boards in pairs instead of one wide can be with the help of the lining under the stairs - the surf - the poses. a. Priboiny cut from resistant to external influences of slab wood material, for example. OSB. The thickness of them, for the steps from the forties and the bow of the "half-ruble" - from 18 mm.
Fastening of the string with screw ropes is the most simple and reliable, but, you know - the pieces of iron stick out. Reliably and invisibly fastening with strands on steel wedges is enough, however, strings with a thickness of 75 mm are needed. Fastening on steel wedges is labor-intensive and requires considerable joiner's skill: under the wedge spikes of strings with a height of 50 mm in the strings you need to choose the blind dovetails of the swallowtail profile. When assembling the frame, the march of the string is strong, but evenly and neatly, tapping with a wooden sledgehammer - a leopard. The whiskers of the studs are tightened then tightly in the swallowtails. Stringing beads for assembly on strands with steel wedges are needed oak, and strands (from 60x60 mm) - from high-quality straight-ply pine. Not from larch, it's fragile!
A great importance for the accuracy of the assembly of stairs in strings is the accuracy of their marking under the step. The basic ways of installing (joining) the steps in the bowstring are given in Fig .:
Steps of external staircases in the strings should be placed on the lining bars or surfs. This, first, reduces the possibility of moisture accumulation in the grooves under the treads / risers. Secondly, the frame of the march can be assembled and, if necessary, aligned before the installation of the steps. Both make the manufacture of a wooden staircase in strings feasible for beginners.
The scheme for assembling the ladder in the strings "for the kettles" is given on the next page. Fig. In this way, a green novice-joiner can even make beveled risers (shown in a pale tone). On the right in Fig. - ways to fasten the steps to it. Here it should be added to the above that it is not necessary to put treads on the steel corners in the outer staircase - they will run rust.
Metal porch
Porch of metal - the second most popular after the wooden. With their hands a steel porch is most often made for a summer residence: here the appearance, as they say, does not beat very much, but the entire structure can be welded in advance in production conditions, brought and delivered ready. A steel porch without forged ornaments and will cost less than a wooden one, not to mention concrete.
Due to its elasticity, metal structures are very little susceptible to damage by soil motions. But the effort to build a building it is able to convey large. Therefore, on the medium soils and stronger than the average sheaves, the steel porch should be made floating, as concrete monolithic (see below). The foundation for it can be laid lightweight plate, with a slab 100 mm thick flush with the surface of the ground and a single-level reinforcement. On weakly and non-hepatic soils, a steel porch can be made with a cantilever support (see below) with supports from a pair of "bull-calves" blocks under the heel.
A steel porch is usually assembled on the strips as shown in Fig. Channel bars on the strips and the frame of the platform take 60 mm; corner for the skeletons of the steps is equal to 40 mm. Lags under the deck flooring are made from welded into the T-shaped (half-tier) of the same corners. On support poles go steel pipes from 100 mm.
This design is optimal for production in industrial conditions, including piece and small-scale handicraft. The point is that for accurate welding of the skeletons of the steps, volumetric conductors are needed. When welding on the street at the weight of a step in a novice welder will certainly come out skewed. Or, to build such a ladder in place, you need a certain experience, see eg. track. video.
Video: an example of a metal ladder assembly
The beginner here can get out of the situation in several ways. The first is shown at pos. and the figure above: instead of the volumetric skeletons of steps on the plaza (flat, solid fireproof area), flat foals are cooked on the steps. Tread them - either wooden hanging, or any (for example, stone) laid in a flat frame from the same corner. In either case, the tread or frame for it is attached to the fillets on the screws, which allows you to level the steps. Bad in this method is its great laboriousness and increased material consumption. Wooden treads to the same will not get the proper support, so that you need to take out thick ones.
The second method is shown on the left on the next. Fig. Here the labor and material consumption is less, since Stands of pipes after welding are cut into the horizon by a Bulgarian by level and cord-mooring. According to this scheme, there is a temptation to reduce the volumes of earth and concrete works, making a ladder on one Kosoura, on the right in Fig. However, it requires a cutting machine: the slightest skewing of the stand-fillets from the channel - and the steps went for a walk. The cutting machine can be made by fixing the grinder on a rocking lever, the hinge of which is installed in a solid frame, but whether it is worth doing this is a master's business.
Finally, the simplest solution is a porch for OSB lining or plywood, and along it decorative finish, on a straight frame. The device is clear from the trace. Fig. All parts of the frame are flat, cooked on the plaza. The foundation for such a porch is not needed at all, it hangs on the foundation of the building, it is so called. cantilever porch (see also below). On the blind area of the house it rests with adjustable screw feet, so note: the fastening of the frame to the foundation of the building is only at the top, as shown in Fig. Fasteners - bolts from M8x130 with steel collet anchors. The step of fastening points is up to 600 mm. Since the porch is always wider, in the rear frame of the frame, intermediate stands are needed. Which will not interfere with the rest of the frames of more than 400 mm.
Concrete porch
Porch made of concrete is generally slightly better than brick: it is labor-intensive, and the work is heavy, material-intensive. It requires a reliable, stable foundation, the building is very poorly matched. True, and will stand on a separate foundation no less than the house itself. Aesthetically, the concrete porch justifies itself only at the house of a purely utilitarian design (on the left in Fig.); technically well combined in the porch-patio (terrace, veranda, on the right in Fig.), but the terrace porch is built with the house.
Also at the same time, a cantilever (suspended) and cantilever-supporting porch, pos. III and IV on the next page. Fig. Since here we are talking about the porch attached, we will limit ourselves to them with the remark that the cavity under the concrete porch (underwing) must necessarily be well ventilated, otherwise it will turn into a hotbed of dampness and a nest of all unseemly living creatures.
Attached to the existing house is only a floating concrete porch, pos. I and II. The diagram of its device is shown in the lower right in Fig. Instead of a rigid mineral wool, the deformation joint (width - 10-12 mm) can, and even better, be laid with basalt cardboard. A wipe of mineral wool or a sheet of basalt card is carried out on each side beyond the monolith of the porch and temporarily attached to the foundation of the building with screws in dowels through wooden slats. Fix the filling of the seam to the foundation of the house in the area where the porch is not adjacent to it!
A typical, you might say, defect of a floating concrete porch is the chronically arising crack between it and the foundation of the building. It is not dangerous, but in appearance flaunts like a red nose and bags under the eyes of an alcoholic and generally without cracks better. Therefore, it is better to attach a concrete porch to the house on a separate foundation, slab or pile-slab, depending on local conditions (see the figure with the foundations diagrams).
About the foundations for a concrete porch in runet, what miracles you can read! It is advisable, say, to make it on podmyvnyh, pushed or piled stilts. And the house is close by, close, what, on a monolithic Precambrian rock stands? Piled work on the reliability of its foundation does not affect? If a concrete porch is made on a pile-slab foundation, the following should be borne in mind:
- Wells under piles are drilled manually with a garden drill.
- Piles are reinforced and poured into ruberoid clips by the standard method.
- The piles are arranged symmetrically along the diagonals of the foundation plate with an indentation of 250-350 mm from the corners.
- If either side of the porch projection is more than 1.8 m, the piles are laid with an envelope (item 1 in the figure below).
- Belts (levels) of the reinforcing plate of the plate are attached with binding wire to the vertical branches of the pile reinforcement immediately after the concrete is seized in them. The distance from the lower belt of the reinforcement to the top of the padding is 40-80 mm.
- To speed up the work, a sand and gravel pillow can be poured into the slab through the reinforcing plate grate. Remains of backfill with armaturin are swept away.
- A plate with a thickness of up to 200 mm is poured in one layer, and a thicker layer is layer by layer at 15 cm.
- A newly poured concrete layer is pierced with a pointed steel rod approximately in the middle of each grid cell to release air.
- The next layer of concrete solution is poured as soon as the previous one begins to grasp. With this method of pouring occurs so-called. hydraulic compaction of concrete.
Note: reinforce the foundation of the concrete porch is possible both steel and fiberglass (composite) reinforcement.
The porch is poured when concrete slab dials approx. 15% strength. Practically - on the 2-nd - 3-rd day after setting the concrete of the basement slab. Reinforce the concrete porch with a multi-level powerful armature (item 2 in the figure) is not necessary; enough in each step of one reinforcing belt of steel mesh from 40x40x3 to 60x60x5, pos. 3.
Formwork boards must be impregnated with mineral oil in advance (working off, for example), so that later they can be removed. If the concrete porch does not go under the finish, it is advisable to carefully sand the formwork from the inside, and seal the seams between the boards with plaster on the wood. Thus, the outer surfaces of the porch will be smooth.
Profi, working on an order / for hire, pour a porch in one step, their time is expensive. Working for yourself, you can pour a porch on your own, poses. A-E in Fig. In addition to saving material, the porch will get warmed and less susceptible to displacement movements of the soil. Each successive stage is poured as soon as the concrete of the previous one grabs. Concreting of steps of the porch is made in the next. order:
- Align and compacted gravel or expanded clay fill with cement-sand 1: 3 solution of increased fluidity, with a water-cement ratio (CC) of 0.72, until all the pebbles or granules disappear. Ie, the solution should be the density of liquid sour cream;
- As soon as the priming begins to set, an ordinary concrete solution (cement: crushed stone: sand 1: 5: 3) is poured in a normal consistency with a layer of 4-6 cm;
- only grabbed the first layer concrete pouring, lay the reinforcement and fill the step up to the top of the formwork section. If wooden or stone treads are installed on the concrete, screw anchors are immured for this step;
- The filled step is deaerated (de-aerated) as described above;
- Immediately following the filling of the next step, the previous one is ground: sprinkle with dry M400 cement and carefully rub it wooden block (item 4 in the figure)
Note: Scheme on pos. A-E is given for a floating porch. Pouring of the porch on the foundation by this method differs only in the absence of primary priming of the first stage with a cement-sand mortar.
The back wall of the porch (position E) is poured in layers by 15 cm with dehumidification and hydro-sealing. The order of its filling is the same as for the steps. Wooden or stone treads are placed on propylene spacers with steel washers, pos. 5.
Canopy and visor
Porch with is certainly better open. Not only in terms of convenience, but also the safety of the building: the opening of the entrance door is the place from which the construction of the building begins to suffer most often under the influence of weather conditions. The roof of the attached porch can be a canopy on columns or a hanging visor attached to the wall of the building.
The columns of the canopy of the attached porch must be concreted separately from the base of the porch and, moreover, from the floating porch. Removal of the bases of the columns forward and to the sides from the outer corners of the porch or its foundation is from 0.5 m; better - 1 m or more. The reason is the same difference of shrinkage of the porch and the house. If the bases of the columns are not rigidly connected to the porch, the forces of the frost heave will press the canopy against the wall. On the contrary - tear it off the wall.
Note: bitumen processing the lower parts (roots) of wooden columns should be no less than 400 mm above ground level. The reason is the same, according to which it is possible to build from a brick only on a socle. Wrapping the roots of wooden columns with roofing felt, in addition to impregnation, it does not hurt, but please note - it does not protect the above-ground part of the root of the column! In the light, the ruberoid eventually breaks down from the solar ultraviolet (UV).
The hanging visor of the problems of coordinating shrinkage does not create a principle. It can not be mounted only on frame and prefabricated panel walls; in all other cases, the hanging visor is technically preferable to the canopy on the columns. Schemes of welded frames from 40 mm corners of the frames of visors for the porch are given at the top in Fig., And drawings of the wooden porch of the porch are also down there. All these visors, except for arched and gable, should be equipped with a drainage gutter with a tide to the side (to the sides). The overall width of the wooden canopy from the bar 75x75 can be increased to 2.5 m; for this corresponding. increase the size marked with an asterisk.
Mounting the visors to a stone or concrete wall - self-tapping screws 8x130 in propylene dowels or bolts M8x100 in collet anchors. TO wooden wall - self-tapping wood M8x120. Roof roofing - any suitable (soft, steel or ceramic tiles, polycarbonate, slate, etc.); Under any roof, except polycarbonate, a crate is necessary. To cover the visor with polycarbonate is necessary, observing the rules of working with this material: turning it outward with a UV resistant side, channeling the structure along a slope, closing the edge with a filtering tape, fastening it to the frame using thermo-washers, etc.
About glazing of the fenders
The glazed porch is cool and fashionable. In many cases it is also convenient. But - it is possible to glass without fear only a porch built with the house on a common foundation. As for the fenders attached to the house, then no technical guarantee for the safety of their glazing for more than one season is impossible in principle.
Finally: How to search for information
Perhaps you will need accurate working drawings of some of the typical fenders. For example, you built samostroem on a standard project, but so far without a porch. Including in the review article at least part of the technical documentation for even one project, unfortunately, there is no possibility, but the most common of the typical projects of individual houses are on the Internet in a free hand.
In order not to "google" in vain for a long time and painfully, but to go straight to the porch, in the search bar of the browser you need to type " Typical project 18 ... "or" Typical design solutions 8 ... ". You will get a number of preliminary results on available documents for free download like "Typical project 186-214-9.87" (this prefabricated concrete porch made of ready-made monolithic parts) or, say, "Model design solutions 820-1-088.88" (drawings of a metallic porch ), or "Typical project 189-000-362.85" (these are drawings of a wooden porch), etc. Further - it is understandable. We look, that approaches - we download, we are defined with materials and expenses, we build.
Porch is a functionally significant element of the architectural ensemble of a country house, which, besides its practical purpose, performs an aesthetic function, emphasizing the beauty of the whole building. Acting as a parade part of the building, the porch of the private house can tell a lot about its owner: about its tastes, attitude to its site, material prosperity. That's why many of us try to decorate the facade of the house so that it stands out favorably against the background of others. And even if at the stage of construction the owner does not have the opportunity to attach a beautiful wooden porch to the house, he can always realize what he wants after a while.
The porch of the wooden house is an extension in front of the building entrance, which serves as a transition from the ground level to the floor level.
Since the height difference between the ground and the floor often reaches from 50 to 200 or even more centimeters, the porch is equipped with a ladder lined with steps
The practical function of the porch is also that wooden extension It is designed to protect the front entrance of the house from snow and rain. Therefore, the playground adjacent to the entrance door is also equipped with a canopy. Depending on the shape and purpose of the porch can have one of the design options, consider some of them.
Option # 1 - an open platform on the steps
A compact platform with adjoining stairs serves as an excellent addition to the architectural ensemble of a one- and two-storey wooden house of small dimensions
Option # 2 - a platform with partially closed walls
With the arrangement of the porch, located on a small hill, low fences perform a protective function, protecting against falls and possible injuries.
On the porch, whose height does not exceed half a meter, such rails and partially closed walls act rather as a decorative design
Option # 3 - porch of closed execution
Glazed porch owners country houses most often equip in the event that they have the opportunity to build a larger entrance area in the entrance.
The space of this porch - the veranda, furnished with comfortable garden furniture, allows you to receive guests and enjoy a pleasant stay in the fresh air
Self-construction of a wooden porch
Before you begin to build a porch to the house, it is important to determine not only the size of the structure, but also to think about the presence of steps, the height of the handrails and general form porch.
A detailed design of the future design or at least a porch drawing will allow you to visualize the idea and calculate the required amount of material
When designing a structure, a number of points should be considered:
- The width of the porch area must be at least one and a half width of the front entrance. The porch is at the same level as the first floor of the building. In this case, you should provide a margin of 5 cm from the level of the porch area for the entrance door. This will make it possible in the future to avoid complications in the case of deformation of the surface of the wooden platform under the influence of moisture when opening the entrance door. After all, according to the requirements of fire safety, the front door must be opened only to the outside.
- The number of steps is calculated with a reference to the fact that when lifting a person stepped on the landing of the porch leading to the entrance door, the foot with which the movement began. When arranging the porch in a country house usually make three, five and seven steps. The optimal size of steps: height of 15-20 cm, and depth of 30 cm.
- Wooden steps leading to the porch should be placed under a slight slope of several degrees. This will prevent stagnation of puddles after rain or ice melting in the cold season.
- It is desirable to provide for the arrangement of a canopy protecting the front entrance from atmospheric precipitation. The presence of fences and railings will make it easier to climb and descend the stairs, which is especially important in the winter, when the surface is covered with ice crust. From the point of view of ergonomics, the most comfortable for a person is the height of the handrail in 80-100 cm.
- When constructing the porch, it should also be borne in mind that by attaching the annex to a monolithic building, it is extremely undesirable to combine the building structures "tightly". This is due to the fact that the house and porch, having different weights, create different shrinkage. This can cause cracks and deformations in the joints.
Step # 2 - preparation of materials and erection of the foundation
For the manufacture of a wooden porch, materials will be required:
- A beam with a section of 100x200 mm for the installation of support poles;
- Board thickness of 30 mm for the arrangement of the site and steps;
- Reiki with a section of 50 mm for side racks and handrails;
- Antiseptics for wood surface treatment;
- Cement solution.
Of the construction tools should be prepared:
- Saw or electric jigsaw;
- A hammer;
- Level;
- Screwdriver;
- Fixing materials (nails, self-tapping screws);
- Shovel.
The erection of any construction structure begins with the laying of the foundation.
The optimal option for laying a reliable and durable support for the construction of a wooden porch to the house is the erection of a pile foundation
Unlike traditional concrete types of bases, piling foundation does not require large financial costs for construction. In addition, it is quite simple to install: any owner who has basic construction skills can build a pile foundation.
Wooden beams, intended for supports, should be treated before installation. This allows you to prevent rotting wood and extend the life of the supporting structure. In places where the towers are installed, we excavate pits with a depth of 80 cm, the bottom of which is lined with a sand-gravel "pillow".
Having leveled the base, we establish vertically the supporting pillars, leveling them according to the level, we check the height, and only after that we pour cement mortar
The height of the piles should be calculated taking into account the fact that even after they lay on the platform, the distance to the door remained at least 5 cm.
Gulf with cement mortar vertically installed support pillars, we wait for it to dry completely. Only after this we fix the extreme row of support posts to the wall of the house with the help of self-tapping screws. This will significantly increase the strength of the structure. We place the logs horizontally directly on the support posts.
Stage # 3 - manufacturing of kosoura and installation of steps
To arrange a staircase, you will need to make a special oblique board - a kosour or bowstring.
The ladder march can have two variants of a design: with the incised steps or with cut out ledges
With the help of a special triangular pattern we make grooves for the bowstring. You can make this template yourself, by cutting out a piece of cardboard. One of the sides of the pattern corresponds to the horizontal part of the future steps - treads, and the second vertical - to the riser. The number of steps depends on the size of the porch area and the expected load that they will have to withstand.
After calculating the required number and size of steps, on the board we perform the marking of the profile of the future string. As a basis for making bowstring it is better to use unedged timber, which is 10 times as wide as usual edging boards.
To fix the bottom of the bowstring you need to pour a concrete support pad. To protect the lower stage from lifting the steam from the ground, the top layer is desirable to vaporize the vapor barrier.
At this stage of construction, it is also necessary to provide a "cushion" device for draining excess moisture
Fill the support area with cement mortar, wait until the base dries completely and then proceed to mount the bowstring. On the supports they are fixed using self-tapping screws or nails. The distance between the strings should not exceed one and a half meters.
Step # 4 - assembling the wooden structure
Ready kosuroy by zapilivaniya, or using the method of "spike-groove", we attach to the logs of the site. For this, we fix the boards with grooves to the area beam so that in the following the spikes of the string are inserted into the slots of the board.
After that, proceed to the installation of the wooden floor of the site. When stacking boards, it is desirable to tighten them as closely as possible. This will in the future avoid the formation of large cracks in the process of sifting wood.
The final stage of the assembly of the wooden porch is the installation of steps and risers
When building a cottage, or a country house in the open area can not do without. After all, this small extension protects the structure from wind, dust, rain and noise, making the entrance to the premises more comfortable and beautiful. But the modern porch performs other functions. It gives the architectural appearance of the mansion a complete look, and also forms the first impression of its tenants, their tastes and preferences.
Therefore, this article is devoted to the design of the extension, tips, how to make beautiful? And examples of the finished works will be demonstrated by the gallery.
Why draw a porch
Since this building is part of the main entrance, its design should emphasize the architecture of the mansion, its beauty. The times of the same buildings were far behind - today every owner wants to create something of his own, individual. How to decorate the porch of the house so that it stands out favorably against the others? Let's look at the most interesting design options.
Ideas for decoration of the exterior and interior of the porch
Design Features
Porch is an extension located in front of the house entrance. As a rule, it consists of a platform and is equipped with a small staircase for several steps. For safe use of the stairs can be, and protection from bad weather will provide. All these component buildings can act as decor elements for the arrangement of the porch in a private house.
In order to get a beautiful picture as a result of registration, the design of the porch should be considered at the drafting stage.
Tip: thinking over the design of the construction, do not forget about the proportions - the larger the house, the more massive the input group should be to it.Design and design of steps
This functional part of the structure can also be decorated. So for the design of the steps of the porch in the traditional style can be used, in the Russian - bars.
Take on the armament: always interesting to look contrast solutions - for example, the dark steps against the background of light walls.Do you want to surprise your guests with design? Set the fishnet. Thin steel lace gives a beautiful combination with red brick walls built, creating an imitation of antiquity.
Laconic and beautiful porch brick house, a photo
Eternal classic in design
The characteristic features of classical design are strictness, consistency, moderation of decor. Such an annex, as a rule, is equipped with a gable roof, can be supplemented with beautiful columns, handrails with rounded balusters. As lining materials for the design of the structure can be used.
Annex with columns - the design of the porch of a private house, photo
The porch, decorated in Russian style
Since the times of ancient Rus, the grand entrance to the wooden hut has been beautiful and refined. The porch was decorated with carved elements, chiseled balusters, pillars of complex shapes, various ornate patterns. Today the design of the porch village house in the "Russian style" at the peak of popularity. Natural materials in the design and handmade were always appreciated. Therefore, the beautiful porch of the wooden house will become a real decoration of the facade of the building.
Beautiful carved porch to wooden house - design in Russian style
Decoration in medieval style
The actual choice for today will be the design of the porch in the style of the Middle Ages. The building resembles an old fortress, decorated with a stone. As an ornament of the front entrance, you can use torch-lamps, wrought iron gratings, uncouth logs.
An example of how to make a porch of a house - a photo of a mansion in the style of the Middle Ages
We decorate in the European style
The main features of the style are regular shapes and restrained lines. In this case, the porch has the appearance of a low, neat design, lined with natural / artificial stone, or ceramic tiles. The decoration of such an extension can be various garden figures, flower pots with flowers.
European design - a beautiful porch of a private house, photo
French charm in decoration
This is a kind of European design, the highlight of which is the "French window" - a glass door framed by an openwork grille. Decorate the design of curly elements, beautiful wicker furniture, many colors.
French design - decoration of the porch in the country, photo
Interesting ideas for the design of the exterior
We decorate with flowers
Nothing will revive and decorate an open area like flowers. They can be placed in pots or placed on either side of the entrance. If the design is open, then it can be decorated on both sides with flower beds.
Beautiful look small flower clubs at the entrance
If the porch is not high, it is possible to let climbing roses, clematis, hops through its fence. These plants will not only be an element of design, but also create a pleasant tense in the hot summer.
Colons twined with pleated roses create a romantic atmosphere
The bigger the porch, the more space for its decoration with flowers. They can be placed in beautiful pots, on forged stands, suspended in fishnet pots, set along the perimeter of the fence, hung on the wall at the entrance door.
Textile decoration
To protect the front door of the mansion from the sun, you can hang beautiful curtains on the veranda. Using in the design of loose lightweight fabrics, you will give ease of design.
Textile decoration of the veranda in the chalet style
Tip: keep the cleanliness and add comfort to the annexe of a small beautiful rug at the front door.Furniture in the design of the porch
When planning the design of the veranda, think about purchasing garden furniture. It will look organically on the porch-patio, an open terrace connected to the house. Thus, you get a beautiful and cozy gazebo, where you can sit with the whole family at tea, breathing fresh air.
The design of a spacious area with a cozy and beautiful seating area
Lighting
At night, lighting is included on the veranda. Can it make the design more original? The design can be decorated with hanging lights, set street lights, neon lights, and glowing figures will look unusual.
Beautiful lighting design completely changes the design
Decorating paths and grounds
An important role in the design of the veranda is played by a playground. Your guests will be pleased to walk along the beautiful neat path leading to the house. It can be paved with stone or paving stones, and on the sides you can decorate with flowers, plant thuys, or install lanterns.
Porch is the face of the house. This simple truth does not need additional explanations. It is clear that the porch should be aesthetically pleasing, combined in style with the house and the house area, and be strong, reliable, safe and, if possible, functional. Despite the fact that these requirements are well understood by everyone, it is sometimes very difficult to equip a porch by all the rules. Beginning with the independent design and design of the porch of a private house, it is worth familiar with the basic principles of its organization.
№1. Basic requirements for the porch
The porch is a kind of extension to the house and serves to ensure that a person can comfortably move from the ground level to the floor level in the house, because the latter is always higher, sometimes by 20-30 cm, and sometimes by 1-1.5 m from the features of erection). Porch it seems quite simple and unpretentious construction, but if you understand, then it includes several functional elements:
All these details should be combined with each other, as well as in harmony with, the site, echoing with the gate and other elements of the adjacent territory.
Of course, the design of the porch is of no small importance, especially in the perception of the house, but since it will be assigned to the daily load, it must be, first of all, very convenient, practical and thoughtful. Each structural element of the porch must meet the requirements of the owners of the house, so it is so important to create a project in advance and determine the required number of steps, the size of the site and the canopy, and the height of the railings. Consider it worth following nuances:
An important element of the porch is. In addition, if the area allows and there is a need, you can arrange on the porch recreation area with benches, chairs, sofas, a table and organize breakfasts or lunches in the fresh air. 
№2. What to consider when designing a porch?
Comparing hundreds and even thousands of private houses, we are unlikely to find two similar porches, unless, of course, it is not a typical building house. Everyone has their own preferences, tastes and requirements, which form the basis of the design of the porch. But the desire to stand out and create an original solution should not be forgotten and some principles that will help organically enter the porch into the surrounding area.
The easiest way - use in the arrangement of the porch the same materials and colors as for the house itself.This is the most common solution that allows you to create a harmonious input group. For example, if a house is built of wood, then it is logical to use the tree for the arrangement of the porch, for a brick house - paving slab under the brick. And vice versa, a brick porch will be very inappropriate to look around the house of wood. When settling, you can also focus on the elements of the site: If the fence and gates are decorated with forged elements, then they can be used for the porch railings.
A more complicated way is to design of the porch in a different style from the house. This is allowed, but it will require an exceptional taste. To unite the house and the entrance group, it will be necessary to think over the general details: these can be elements of the same color or some geometric figures. 
There is one more solution - To arrange a porch in the style as close to the site as possible. In other words, the entrance group should become a continuation of the garden paths and flower beds, rather than part of the house. Similarly, you can create a very interesting solutions and blur the boundaries between the entrance to the house and the site itself. 
No. 3. Registration of stair steps
The entrance to the house begins with a climb up the steps, they take on a significant load, so their arrangement must be approached very seriously. Choosing the material for finishing the steps of the porch, it is necessary to take into account tasks assigned to it, among which the protection of the base from destruction, giving the staircase a complete and aesthetic appearance.
Steps and steps, usually, are made from the same material. It must necessarily be wear-resistant, non-slip, withstand temperature changes and high humidity, and also be resistant to decay and immune to rodents. Finishing material preferably should not burn out in the sun and be easy to care for, and, of course, be aesthetically pleasing. Ideal for all parameters of the material has not yet been invented, but there are several quite suitable.
The most popular materials for arranging the steps and the porch area:
When choosing a material, consider the features of the facade of the house: for wooden houses suitable mainly for natural wood or a terraced board, for brick or stone houses it is appropriate to use different types tiles, stone and granite, for the plastered facade tiles are also suitable. The ladder does not have to be strictly opposite the front door - it can be on the side, be semi-circular or even with two marches. To ensure maximum comfort and safety in winter, you can arrange under the steps heating system through .
№4. Decoration of railing and fencing
The functions entrusted to the railing are clear to each of us, this is to ensure the safety of movement and the additional decoration of the porch. When choosing material for them, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of finishing the house and feet, as well as the expected load.
You can use one of the following materials:
№5. Decoration of a canopy
Ideally, the canopy should completely cover the porch area and go beyond it, but with limited means, you can make a visor just above the front door. If the canopy is small and light, then as a fixtures you can use beams or pipes coming from the wall of the house. For large and heavy visors it will be necessary to equip the supports, which, by the way, can become part of the decor of the porch. Moreover, in two- and three-story private houses the canopy can be combined with.
Featured materials for canopy arrangement:
Some materials can be successfully combine with each other. The form of the canopy can be anything: often visors do arched, dome, flat, one- and two-sided, less often they choose a concave shape. Trying to create a unique solution, we must not forget that water should flow freely from the peak, without lingering on its surface.
№6. What to decorate the porch?
The location of the main elements of the decor should be considered at the design stage of the porch.
Featured ways of decorating:
№7. The main design styles of the porch of the house
Among the designers professionally involved in the arrangement of entrance groups of houses, there are, which can be used in the design of the porch. Their main features and principles will help everyone to create a tastefully decorated porch.