In the majority view, the fireplace is such a clear sun: it warms and pleases the master in damp and unfit weather. The heat of burning wood, the smell of a wood heated by fire, is associated with comfort. Fashion on the fireplaces will not pass in a hundred years. A house or an apartment with it is more expensive, even if a fireplace is made by oneself.
The device of the fireplace, at first glance, is easy, and to make it yourself, no special equipment is required. This is true, but only if we adhere scrupulously to technology and step-by-step instructions assembly of the fireplace with their own hands on the photo and description. This, in the first place.
Needs for which they decide to build their own fireplace in a living room with an open fire:
- The fireplace at the dacha, assembled by our own hands, allows us to solve the problem of heating a house, it will not be dragged by rogues, it is simple and reliable;
- You like the fireplace, as an element of the interior, it is needed to create a psychological sense of comfort and coziness;
- The oven-fireplace, made by own hands in the house, will allow to make less expenses for heating of habitation and even to refuse construction of water heating and boiler installation.
Secondly, if the objectives are serious and the decision to build a fireplace with your own hands is accepted, it is worth making an estimate of the cost of building it maximum. Make savings on small things will surely come back in the future. You build a fireplace for yourself, with your own hands, so connect your teeth, buy expensive, the most quality-tested material. If you are confident in yourself and know how to act, thanks to step-by-step instructions on how to make a fireplace by yourself, allocate the maximum budget for the acquisition of quality materials. In the opposite case, you can level out the quality of work with your own hands.
Choose and put everything on the shelves
The most popular schemes to make by yourself are a wall fireplace, a stove - a fireplace or a fireplace - a brazier. All three versions of the fireplace can be done by hand at the cottage. Before you begin the responsible masonry of the fireplace, it is worth getting practice in making by yourself one of the variants of street fireplaces or barbecue ovens, as in the photo. But in any approach, you need a stable skill in simple brickwork with a bunch of corners and correct alignment of rows. If for you these tasks are not difficult, before the work we will do a little preparation.
We link the project to the place
You can simply find on the Web a suitable scheme-drawing with order and dimensional chains, even a step-by-step instruction with video about the laying of the fireplace with your own hands. It is more difficult to make a binding with your own hands of a finished project with adjusted dimensions at the site of the masonry.
From a variety of different options, choose the one closest to the conceived option and the easiest way to do it:
- On the heated area and the dimensions of the combustion chamber;
- By the size of the chimney and its shape, supply ventilation;
- The location of the room or house.
Important ! If you do not have experience in calculating the basic parameters of the construction of the fireplace, do not try to transfer the project you liked by simply proportional reduction or increase in size to fit your dimensions. It is not always possible to make a successful recount of a reduced or enlarged copy of a fireplace or stove.
On the Internet, you can place an order for finished project, it is possible to simply understand the methods of calculation and the ways of laying decorative elements with their own hands. This requires effort, time and calculation skills, if any, you will save a lot of money, but get the chance to make a mistake in planning by yourself.
The best choice is to order a detailed fireplace project for the dimensions of the heated room and the installation site, while the bulk of the work on the manufacture and installation of the fireplace can be done by one's own hands. The work of the master is estimated, which is called - "very expensive" - from 30tys, to make less for hackers. It's a good idea to take a break for a while and revise the video on how to make a fireplace by yourself.
Variants of fireplaces for making your own hands
If a fireplace is needed for purely practical reasons, and there is no desire to overpay for originality and stupidity, make the simplest option. It will not be warmer, it will cost an order of magnitude cheaper, and a simple design will make it possible to make its clutch without any problems with your own hands. The project of such a fireplace can be easily found on the web or bought for a mere penny.
The merits of the fireplace project include:
- its thermal and technical perfection, the minimum mass and the absence of contact with inner wall gives a good heat from the heating surface, which allows you to quickly warm up the room.
- A direct chimney gives an excellent draft for the burning of raw firewood and briquettes;
- A simple and reliable design will not allow us to make mistakes with our own hands, it will work even if there is no masonry experience;
- The number of materials and the cost of an order of magnitude lower than the projects of the "average hand".
Advice! Do not use plaster for the outer lining of the fireplace, it's best to try to make a surface in the most accurate geometry while laying out the walls and use the best brick samples for laying.
If you look for a fireplace project to do your own at the dacha, better option can not found.
Having figured out how to make a simple fireplace with your own hands, and having familiarized yourself with the basic principles of work execution, you can try your hand at a very similar design of an English fireplace in the size of a 3 by 5 brick basis. There is already a special scaffold from the edge-brick, which provides fire protection.
Calculate the quantity and choose the material
For the successful construction of the fireplace, even the simplest, except for accurate calculation and quality stacking of the brick line, it is necessary to make by your own hands several preliminary samples for checking the quality of the brick and binder solution. The main problem of laying by hand for the fireplace, barbecue or conventional oven will always be the strength of the binder seam.
Pick up a brick and clay
To form the main frame of the fireplace use:
- three hundred ceramic bricks of the brand M 175-200;
- one and a half hundred fireproof chamotte SB # 8;
- a binder solution of clay and sand - liters 100;
- solution based on chamotte - liters 40-50.
The basic requirement for a brick has always been its geometric shape accuracy and strength. For laying the fireplace buy an even solid brick beautiful red shade, and do not use light or dark with divorce options. The material should not have a crack or deviation in size. Take by yourself the most smooth and smooth brick. In a number of cases, masters advise for simple fireplaces to make a masonry without fireclay insert for the furnace space, arguing that peasant furnaces have stood for decades without any refractory. Without chamotte, the furnace warms up much more quickly, but the risk of crack development also increases. Therefore, the use of refractory material for the combustion chamber will make the fireplace reliable.
Prepare the binder solution
It is the most difficult task to make a binding solution of the required quality with your own hands. Prepare the binding mass from 1 measure of sand and 2 measures of mint clay. There are no uniform exact recipes, there are not altogether intelligible recommendations.
In theory, any pure sand and clay can be used to prepare the binder. The sand is thoroughly washed from the inclusions. The clay is punctured, the water is drained. Above the permanent clay layer, a layer of dried sand is made. Slashing movements from top to bottom, obliquely, at a slight angle, stir until a homogeneous mass is obtained.
We will check the quality of the solution with our own hands. We knead our fingers with a mixture and form a wet cake, which we pat on clean surface steel sheet. Dry at a temperature of 50-60 o C until complete drying and evaluate the strength of the layer:
- If cracks are formed, sand must be added;
- There are no cracks, but the composition is crumbling-to make a correction for the clay;
- It turned out strong and firmly attached to the metal "Korzhik" - the proportions are guessed accurately.
For a bunch of refractory, fine chamotte is added to the solution.
Building a fireplace wall
Before the beginning of laying the brick, it is necessary to make a waterproofing. On top of it they pick up the rubble foundation or install concrete slab, carefully checking its position and orientation along the horizon using the building level.
The first row of bricks are laid dry, without mortar, carefully adjusting the position of the bricks taking into account the thickness of the assumed gaps in the solution. After that, on a vertical plumb line, hung in the center of the chimney, you need to make a row and perform brick layout on the second circle.
Before laying on a bunch of bricks for 20-30min immersed in water, the thickness of the seam withstand up to 8mm, for refractory masonry - 5mm. If necessary, the size of the brick can be made nail or trim "Bulgarian".
On the third and fourth circle, a cast-iron grate is mounted. Places of installation of the valve on the chimney and the door to the ash niche are made with sealing of the seam with an asbestos cord, or asbestos fibers are added to the refractory binder.
The transition of the chimney to the chimney can be done with the help of a special detail - a view, in any case, an additional incombustible heat insulator is used at the outlet through the roof of the roof.
The main thing ! When laying a brick, do not rush to do your own work in the shortest possible time. Fireplace, as well as oven, masonry sometimes presents unexpected surprises, so each series has to double-check the level and plumb a few times. On average, it is possible to make a clutch with your own hands in 5-6 working days.
How to make a fireplace yourself? Step-by-step instruction, video from the masters and advice on the choice of materials will greatly facilitate this task.
Without fire, it is almost impossible to imagine modern life, heating, cooking food and other purposes - simply impossible without a flame. If we talk about a country house, the main thing is the stove, which allows you to live comfortably in the house during winter frosts. But there is another construction working with fire - a fireplace, and it does not perform as much practical as aesthetic functions. Many owners of houses dream of such a structure, to sit in the cold evenings, with a cup of tea and a newspaper near the fireplace, like the famous Sherlock Holmes.
But in order to do this, first you need to equip the fireplace, and experts take for such work is very expensive, the construction of the fireplace will cost even more than the construction of the stove. If you do not have such means, or you do not want to spend it, then do not worry, you can make a fireplace yourself. The main thing is to correctly approach this process and follow the instructions clearly.
The design of the fireplace and the principle of operation
Before you begin to build a fireplace yourself, you need to understand the features of the structure and the principle of the action of such a decorative heating element. In its essence, the fireplace performs the functions of a conventional oven, but with an open firebox. As a fuel, conventional firewood is used (if we talk about the traditional version), when burning, they release heat and heat the air in the house.
The whole design consists of two main elements:
- The firebox.
- Chimney.
To ensure that combustion products and smoke do not enter the room, the shape of the chimney is slightly curved. This solution also protects the system from precipitation in the form of rain, snow or hail.
Even in spite of the fact that the fireplace is historically a heating structure, today it is useless to use it as a main heater. The fact is that only 20% of the heat from combustion remains inside the room, and everything else just flies out into the air. Also it should be taken into account that the heating by the fireplace is not uniform, because the flow of heat is directed forward from the structure, and the sides are not heated at the same time. To make a higher level of heat transfer, it is best to build shallow structures.
What material should I make a fireplace?
Today, there are many options for materials, from which you can make a stove or fireplace. All lists simply do not make sense, but, on the most popular it is worthwhile to stop:
- Clay. This material is fire-resistant enough to make a solution with its use. In general, the strength of clay depends much on its fat content, and here there are three options: oily, medium and lean. Optimum appearance will be clay of medium fat content, it does not crack and does not break when falling;
- Concrete. Artificial stone material - concrete, is also very durable. Its solidification is a complex process, and to add it, special substances are added to the material. Such additives also allow to make the necessary shape of the structure.
These were alternative options, and, of course, the most popular material for the fireplace is brick. On it we will stop in step-by-step instructions, but now we should say that when building a fireplace, three types of bricks are used at once:
- First grade. This is a qualitatively calcined material without cracks and other damages, has a standard shape and exact dimensions, and the weight does not exceed 3.5 kilograms. The first grade brick is used to build most of the fireplace, the outer wall and the chimney.
- The second grade. This material is unbaked, has a pinkish tinge, and when it is taped it gives a deaf sound. It is used mainly for laying vertical and horizontal cuts.
- Third grade. The main feature of this option is a dark brown color, and the third grade can be used only for laying the foundation of the structure.
If you have bricks from old structures, then you can apply them, there is no need to buy new ones. True, you have to thoroughly clean the material from cement or clay.
Varieties of fireplaces
Also, before starting work, you need to decide on the type of fireplace. One of the main characteristics is the type of furnace. By this characteristic, the fireplaces are divided into open and closed. The choice will largely depend on what you expect from the fireplace. If you are very important design design, it is better to do open fireplace, and if not, it will be suitable and closed:
- Fireplaces open type firebox is not very effective, because almost 80% of the heated air flies into the chimney. True, this option is considered more beautiful, because the flame due to the influx of air burns more intensively, and the absence of the door increases the viewing angles;
- The closed version of the firebox isolates the fire from the inside of the house, which increases the fire safety, the door is often equipped with fireproof glass. But, despite good results in heating, this option has many negative sides. If the door is equipped with a special glass, it will have to be constantly wiped off from burning, and if a blind door is installed instead of the glass, the fire will be hidden from the eyes. Also it is worth considering that the viewing angle behind such a flame is less than that of a fireplace with an open firebox.
Other features of different types of fireplace
Fireplaces can be made in different styles. But if the work is done by themselves, it is better to choose in favor of the classic version of brick, it looks stylish and performs all its functions.
There are different options and the type of installation:
- Built-in. It's worth saying that these designs look very nice and help to save space, but they can be done only during major repairs, or best of all - when building a house.
- Wall-mounted. This option is quite large, but it is the most popular. The fact is that such a fireplace can be made without any problems with your own hands, and for its construction you can choose any room.
- Circular. Such designs are the most massive, so they can be done only in very spacious rooms. The main "feature" of circular fireplaces is an overview from almost anywhere in the room.
- Corner. These fireplaces perfectly save space, and are also notable for those. That they do not have corners, for which you can accidentally catch on. But making them is harder than wall-mounted versions.
Also, the fireplaces are divided according to the type of fuel used, but this can only be talked about when buying a fireplace. After all, it is understandable that it is practically impossible to make a safe fireplace working on gas or from an electrical network on its own. An alternative is perhaps a bio fireplace, but it is not quite effective, nor does it create a combustion effect.
Therefore, better than traditional firewood has not yet invented anything.
Preparatory stage
After acquaintance with the features and varieties of fireplaces, the preparatory stage begins. And it can take more time than the construction of the structure, so when preparing you have to be as serious as possible.
The preparatory stage, in turn, is divided into several:
- Choice of a place for the construction of a fireplace.
- Preparation of tools.
- Calculation of the quantity of materials and their purchase.
- Determination of the size of the fireplace.
- Foundation pouring.
Experts advise to build fireplaces (as well as ovens) in the autumn or spring period. The best temperature for this is + 16-20 degrees. At minus temperatures, the construction of a fireplace is prohibited. If the house is very dry, then you need to collect a few buckets of water and arrange them around the perimeter of the room, this will moisten the air.
Choice of a place for a fireplace
Quite often for the fireplace, the owners of houses choose a load-bearing wall, it is traditionally located opposite the entrance. But you can choose another place, in particular, you can make a corner fireplace or a separate island in the middle of the room. Everything depends only on the availability of free space, skill level and personal wishes.
Therefore, it is easier to mention places where the fireplace is definitely not worth doing. First of all - opposite the window, because then all the heat will go to the window, and leave the house. When planning, it must be remembered that safety is also important, and the fireplace should not fire sparks or blow smoke into the house.
Required Tools
For the construction of a fireplace you will need:
- Bayonet and shovel;
- High-quality hacksaw;
- Hammer;
- Mortar bucket;
- Sieve for cleaning sand and cement;
- Stove trowel;
- Level and plumb bob;
- Tools for measuring (ruler, tape measure, pencil);
- Rule;
- Wet brush and screeds.
Necessary materials
For the construction will require brick and cement, which will become the basis of the construction. Also it is necessary to pick up clay, taking into account its fat content. For the foundation, you will need to purchase a reinforcement of 70 centimeters in length, all you need is no more than 20 pieces, and for the foundation you need rubble. For the chimney it is necessary to purchase a pipe, but there are no special requirements to the finishing material, everything is at your discretion.
For masonry it is necessary to prepare a special solution based on such components:
- 1 part of ordinary water;
- 8 parts of sand;
- 4 parts of fatty clay or 8 pieces of lean skin (the clay will need to be soaked for a couple of days beforehand).
As a result, you should get a solution, which in appearance will resemble thick sour cream. To do this, you can add a little cement (1/8 of the sand).
After this, it is necessary to check the quality of the prepared mastic. In the bucket you need to dip the masters, and take it out. If the mixture flows smoothly, and the instrument remains a 2-3 millimeter layer, then everything is fine. If the solution adheres with lumps, then it is excessively greasy, you will have to add more water and sand. When the material is completely drained from the tool, you will have to add clay and water. The prepared mixture should be covered with a wet burlap and left overnight, and mixed immediately before work.
Experts advise making so much solution that it is enough for the rest of the fireplace, so as not to be distracted and not to work with different solutions. If you do not add cement, then the mixture will dry for a very long time, so it will not catch up.
How to determine the size of a structure
To accurately determine the size of the fireplace, you need a little free time and a piece of paper for records and calculations.
The calculations are made thus:
- First you need to determine the area of the room, and draw it on a sheet, given the scale;
- After this, the firebox is calculated, it must be at least 1/50 of the room volume;
- The proportions of the depth of the place for the construction of the fireplace are 2: 3 or 1: 2, this is important to consider, and then it will be possible to make not only a beautiful, but still safe and efficient structure;
- The dimensions of the chimney directly depend on the area occupied by the fireplace;
- If it is planned to equip a round chimney, it is better to take a pipe with a diameter of 100 millimeters and a length of 5 meters.
Filling the foundation
The strength of the structure is determined by the quality of the masonry and the reliability of the foundation. Make the foundation of the fireplace is advised separately from the foundation of the house so that when the soil moves, the hearth and chimney are not damaged. If the structure is near the bearing wall, then between ribbon foundation buildings and the heart of the fireplace must be built compensatory sand cushion. She falls asleep between the foundations and spills water.
The height of the base of the structure should be at such a level that the first row corresponds to the height of the finishing floor. The pit may not necessarily be deep, but if it is a ramshackle earth, then a sand and gravel pillow 50 cm thick is needed. Such a solution will compensate for earth shifts and prevent capillary fluid rise, it will also provide waterproofing of the fireplace.
To fill the foundation, it is better to use concrete M150-M300 with reinforcement. For the formwork you can use boards or plywood, the elements are fastened together with screws. The foundation must be 10 centimeters larger than the fireplace itself on each side. Now there are many schemes of brick fireplaces where the sizes are indicated, including for the foundation, therefore it is better to follow the recommendations of the drawings.
After the foundation is poured, it should be kept for about a week, so that the concrete becomes as durable as possible. After that you can make the size and start the construction of the fireplace. Additionally, it is advised to install a double layer of ruberoid to provide protection from moisture.
In order to better understand the question of the laying of the foundation, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with the main stages of the work:
- In the beginning it is necessary to outline the dimensions taking into account that the foundation must be larger than the fireplace itself. If you plan to build on the floor, then it needs to make a hole of the necessary size.
- Further, excavate the foundation pit of the required depth (it should be borne in mind that in a residential building the depth of the foundation is usually 0.5 meters).
- The bottom of the pit must be dumped.
- Then the sand-gravel layer is poured and everything is again rammed.
- After this, there is an initial layer of cement mortar, it is necessary to fill the quarry stone in the pit and fill the grout with the addition of crushed stone.
- Similarly, all subsequent layers are made, until the required level is reached.
- When the floor level is reached, it is necessary to make the formwork and pour the last layer of the foundation. It is important that it is strictly horizontal.
Preparation of material for masonry
For the construction of fireplaces and stoves, brick and concrete are most often used, these are fire-resistant and durable materials. But it is worth considering that before the construction, the brick must be prepared. In most cases, bricks have the same shape and size, but still there are rough and damaged elements, they should be selected for marriage. The fact is that the construction must be built of flat and solid bricks. Also, before the work is done, the bricks are advised to be placed in water for a couple of minutes, so that air will escape from them, and the material will become much stronger.
It is also necessary and correct preparation clay. It must be soaked in water two days before the work is done, and during this period, gradually add liquid. As a result, a solution will be obtained, which will have to be prevented until the consistency of the homogeneous mass.
Fireplace arrangement
To make a fireplace yourself, you need to prepare the drawings. The simplest option would be the construction of a brick structure.
When carrying out work, it is necessary to take into account such recommendations:
- Each subsequent row of bricks is first laid out dry. It is necessary to pick up bricks in size and tightly attach them one to one, and after that already repeat the masonry with mortar;
- Each row of masonry should begin with corner bricks, then there is material along the perimeter and only at the end - the central ones. Also each row is worth checking by level;
- Experts advise wetting every brick before laying;
- There are also requirements to the seam, it must be filled and thin.
After choosing a fireplace option, you need to print out his order. This will serve as a kind of instruction that must be strictly adhered to. To make it more convenient, each completed series can be circled with a pen. For waterproofing on the foundation it is necessary to lay ruberoid or roofing felt. If the design of the fireplace is large enough, then it is necessary to tighten the control cord and begin the basic work.
Fireplace Order
When building a fireplace, it is necessary to pay attention to the features of each row. So, the first and second rows will be deaf. The first one can even be put on an edge, and in the second one you have to build an ash pan. All metal elements (grilles, doors, etc.) should be installed taking into account the index of thermal expansion. The gap should be 5-10 mm and be filled with asbestos.
The third row is placed on the edge, this will be the bottom of the fuel chamber. Starting from this stage, the refractory brick does not bind to the red. Also it is necessary to mount a grate.
From the fourth to the seventh row will be the formation of the fuel chamber. To make the shape correct, after the first masonry on dry, it is better to number the bricks with a pencil. Plastering the walls of the fuel chamber is prohibited, so after laying the bricks in this place must be wiped with a damp cloth.
When laying the eighth row, you need to make a small slope of the rear wall, so that the smoke freely leaves the structure. The next five rows will form the arch. The steeper the arch, the stronger and stronger the load. For its laying, it is necessary to make a special formwork from chipboard, the blanks are knocked together at a distance of about 10 centimeters. Further, these structures are installed in the necessary place, and an arch is laid out along them.
On the fifteenth row, you have to make a "tooth". It is such a special protrusion that will exclude the ingress of sediments inside and provide quality traction. Already on the nineteenth or twentieth row the chimney will narrow. Further, the chimney itself and the corresponding valve are installed.
Fireplace finish
In this question everything depends only on your preferences, desires and financial possibilities. Classic designs are often equipped with columns. As a finishing material, marble is used, which makes the fireplace pompous and expensive.
In the Dutch style, tiles and tiles are often used. In principle, this finish can be considered universal, if it fits well with the general style of the room.
Independently, you can also trim the fireplace with wood, this will create a feeling of unity with nature. Also, natural stone can be used for this, it will emphasize the massiveness and grandeur of the design.
If there is no desire to seriously bother, it is enough just to emphasize the seams and leave the brick foundation or part of it visible. Brick structures are great for houses in folk or rustic style.
To create an individual design will help decorative plaster. Also popular is the decoration of marble - this is a very beautiful, heavy and durable material.
Purchase of decorative elements and trial run
In addition to finishing, make the fireplace stylish will help such additional elements that are sold in construction stores:
- Beautiful grilles;
- Cast-iron sculptures;
- Forged parts;
- Stylish fireplace care kits that include a broom, scoop, tongs and a hook;
- Special stands for firewood.
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A fireplace in the interior of a house or apartment is always stylish, it is able to create an atmosphere of coziness and tranquility. It is always pleasant to invite friends and relatives to a get-together near the fireplace. However, in addition to this, the fireplace plays not only an aesthetic but also a practical function. After cold winter evenings he is also able to warm up.
Now in building shops and specialized retail outlets, a lot of ready-made solutions, but the real brick fireplace that you built with your own hands, will not replace them. How to build a fireplace with your own hands and what is required for this, we will tell in this article. Also we offer you a photo of the finished works and training video.
Fireplaces with own hands: photo and cost calculation
In the photo you can see examples of solutions for installing fireplaces made of bricks made by yourself. Naturally, before you decide to do such a job, you need to consider factors such as financial opportunities, building skills and much more.
So, the cost of building a fireplace with their own hands depends on the following factors:
- type of decoration and the fireplace;
- the ceiling in the house or apartment, as well as its number of storeys;
- material from which facade walls are made and miscalculation (if necessary) of the cost of insulation components for walls;
- material floor covering;
- features of the foundation of the structure;
- climatic features of the zone where the house is located.
It is impossible to make a calculation of the cost of works without any initial data, however, it can be said that the work on constructing a fireplace by oneself on the basis of a brick, provided that it is covered with natural stone in a two-story country house, will amount to about 50 thousand rubles.
To do the work yourself, you need to understand what elements make up the fireplace. So, its key nodes are chimney and firebox. Without the furnace, its work is simply impossible, and the chimney is needed in order to ensure air circulation. Among other elements of the structure:
Outside, the structure consists of a cladding and a portal. The portal is the decoration and decoration of the fireplace, and the cladding is the final decoration of the building.
Where to put a fireplace and how to calculate its parameters
Depending on the location of the fireplaces are divided into the following categories:
- walled - as a rule, overall design, which can be done already in the built house. The most common form;
- corner - chimney in such a design is projected in one of the nearby walls. To build such a fireplace with your own hands, you should make a preliminary design and inspect the condition of the foundation of the structure and supporting walls;
- embedded - take up a minimum of space, built into a column or wall. The best option - construction at the stage of building a house;
- individual - island fireplaces are a flat area, which is located just above the floor level.
Most often they are placed near the capital walls. You can not allow them to be hypothermic, and also placed in drafts, next to stairs, in small rooms or in the corridor. Near the hearth should be a place to relax, which must be made free. When designing the focus, it is necessary to relate the location of the pipes with the beams with the roof rafters.
The floor covering should be made of fireproof material, but if the house is made of wood, then the construction of the fireplace with their own hands must be done taking into account all the safety requirements. The hearth in any house should be set so that from the furnace and the construction, the minimum distance to furniture and decor items is at least 800 mm.
When calculating the design parameters, consider the total area of the room. In particular, the area of the fireplace portal should be about 0.02 parts of the room. Take into account that even a large fireplace does not warm the room because of drafts, but too small - because of its size.
The depth of the firebox should be counted on a third of the height. If the size is not chosen correctly, then the efficiency of the fireplace will be reduced, or smoke will enter the room. The walls of the furnace should have a slope for better reflection of energy and smoke output.
Chimney at the hearth must be separate and have a large volume of pipe. The section from the inside is calculated according to the portal area, and its height is determined by the depth of the furnace and the multiplication of the obtained half.
Material for the construction of a fireplace with your own hands
The most common material for making fireplaces by own hands is a brick, although there are also metal structures, which we'll talk about later.
And for a classic hearth on the basis of brick to us the following materials will be required:
Red brick for construction should be of good quality, not have any damage, be uniform in structure and in the right shape (right angles and flat surface). At purchase it is necessary to check each of bricks: simply knock on each of them that the sound was pure.
Brick, which did not pass through normal temperature processing, will be lighter and have a non-uniform structure, and when tapping, it will make dull sounds. Also it is impossible to take bricks of strongly dark shades and bricks with white spots.
It will take up to 300 bricks. It is not recommended to use hollow or silicate bricks. But for lining choose fireclay fireproof bricks.
Fireplace with your own hands made of metal: features
In addition to the brick built, many prefer fireplaces made of metal. They have compact dimensions and do not require the installation of an expensive foundation. The undoubted advantage of a metal fireplace is that it is able to heat a large area with relatively low fuel costs.
Such fireplaces are made on the basis of steel, copper, sometimes galvanized or blackened tin. In addition, the metal elements are also excellent perform an aesthetic function, they can have this kind of coverage:
The hearth can be made of metal as a whole, and with the use of natural stone, brick or tile.
The advantages of such a focus are:
- heat emanates and spreads in the room very quickly;
- the airflow ventilates the room and prevents the appearance of mold;
- universality of installation.
However, there is a given construction and a number of shortcomings:
- after the cease-fire, the furnace immediately becomes cold;
- the iron case warms up so much that it is not safe to touch it;
- uneven heat distribution;
- it is necessary to allocate time and a place for preparation of fire wood for a fireplace.
What you need to work: a list of tools
When constructing a fireplace with your own hands, you the following tools are useful:
- bayonet and shovel;
- a hammer;
- hacksaw;
- trough or box for solution;
- bucket;
- sieves for sifting cement and sand with different diameter of cells;
- a brush for masonry seams;
- hammer furnace;
- master OK;
- plumb lines;
- building level;
- gon;
- joints for seams;
- marking devices (pencils, markers, tape measure, ruler).
Video and instructions for the construction of the fireplace with their own hands
We offer to see the training video , where you can visually familiarize yourself with the process of building fireplaces with your own hands.
And now let's we will familiarize ourselves with the algorithm of actions for the construction of a fireplace with their own hands:
As mentioned earlier, a quality fireplace can be made with your own hands not only from brick, but also metal-based. However, it is worth noting that it is very difficult to make a stone structure without special skills and skills. In addition, such an event is quite expensive for the financial part. But it should be noted that the stone hearth will last much longer than brick.
If you do not have the time and energy to construct a fireplace with your hands, then you can give preference to the electric analogue, stylized as a fireplace. Of course, he will spend a lot of energy, but the "fireplace" effect will still be present.
Whatever option you choose - a ready model or homemade, anyway the fireplace in any case will be an ornament of any interior in any style, it will make your home more cozy.
Examples of fireplaces with your own hands
Fireplaces made of bricks, as well as ovens - is a popular and stylish solution with heating the home, as well as an effective interior element. Given the availability of modern building materials, tools, and technology, to lay down your own fireplace or stove is not a big deal.
Stone fireplace
Instructions for creating a brick fireplace includes:
- chimney type selection;
- selection of material for masonry;
- list of necessary tools;
- masonry technology;
- scheme of brick laying (it is customary to call it an order).
Varieties of fireplaces
The most common brick fireplaces are divided into two types: built-in and wall-mounted.
Built-in
Built-in fireplace
Mounted inside the load-bearing wall, inside which is located and the chimney. This is a rather difficult option for self-construction, and as a rule, it is created in advance - even at the design stage of the house.
Wall-mounted
The most convenient option for self-paving. Such a fireplace can be laid out in the cottage or in a private house with your own hands, even without having experience in this business.
This can be done at any stage - both in the construction of the house itself, and already in the finished building. The only thing that will have to worry if the masonry is planned in a residential building, where repairs are completed, is the creation of a separate foundation for a fireplace or stove.
It is most convenient to make a brick fireplace, as a brick is a material inexpensive and common, and it is easier to put it evenly.
Wall fires are divided into two types: straight and angular. The angular ones are located in a corner, at the junction of two walls, have rather compact dimensions, so they occupy less space. Make a corner fireplace a little easier than a straight, but the layout scheme for it is different, and the material will need less.
With what to begin construction?
Fireplace drawing
The construction of a brick fireplace must begin with a sketch. Usually this drawing is by hand, which depicts the placement of a fireplace in the room, its appearance, type, principle of operation, the shape of the portal, the location of the chimney, ash pan, furnace, and other elements. The dimensions are approximate. The fireplace projects should take into account the location of the rafters and beams so that there are no problems with the chimney.
The next stage is the drawing of the fireplace, which must be done in more detail. The main thing is the side view of the fireplace in the section, on which its device will be seen.
A separate important element is the scheme for ordering the construction of a stove or a fireplace. There are many schemes of ordering - you can choose from ready, and you can come up with your own, but it is recommended to start with the already known ones.
Selection of materials
Refractory brick for fireplace
A brick fireplace can be made entirely of full-bodied brick entirely, but for interior decoration It is better to use fireclay bricks - it is much more refractory, resistant to the action of chemically active products formed as a result of combustion, and also warms up more slowly and holds heat longer.
For mortar, you can take a ready-made refractory mixture, which is sold in construction stores. A simpler version is a classic combination of clay and sand, the exact ratio of which is selected experimentally. It should be noted that the fireplace masonry is made without the use of cement (it is allowed to add it to the clay-sand mixture only in an amount of 10-20% when laying the base).
For a fireplace with a closed firebox, metal doors with refractory glass will be needed (an easier option is completely metal doors, but then there will be no visible fire). If you plan a fireplace with an open firebox, then the doors will not be needed.
You will also need a clean and clean door, plus a damper to adjust the air flow.
For a chimney, a pipe with a round section of stainless steel is best suited.
Facing can be done with plaster, ceramic tiles, or do not do at all - leave the brick as is.
Required tool kit
For the construction of brick fireplaces a standard set of tools is required:
- a spatula or a trowel (you may need both);
- hammer ordinary and rubber;
- roulette, plumb, building level;
- sander;
- shovel;
- bucket, barrel or pelvis (for water and mortar);
- rule.
Rules for calculating dimensions
Drawing of a fireplace furnace
When drawing a fireplace, it is necessary to take into account certain rules, otherwise there will be problems with the functionality. First of all, it concerns the dimensions of the furnace. It is customary to make it rectangular, and the height should be related to a width of 2: 3.
Another formula is used to calculate the depth of the furnace: it should be 2/3 of the height of the portal. Drawings of fireplaces are best to begin with calculating the size of the furnace, because knowing these dimensions, you can already calculate all other parameters.
To ensure that the drawing does not differ from reality, there is a common method of dry masonry - first the fireplace is laid out without a solution, then each brick is numbered (it indicates the row and its position in the row) - this layout makes it possible to make a stove or fireplace without errors.
To properly lay the fireplace out of the brick with your own hands, you need to adhere to this scheme: the width of the portal you need to choose a multiple to the size of the half of the brick, and the height of the portal is selected so that it is a multiple of the height of the brick, plus 0.5 cm of the mortar, i.e. in the amount of 7 cm.
Preparing the foundation
Foundation for a fireplace
The fireplace masonry is carried out on a separate foundation, which should not be connected with the main foundation of the house. The size of the foundation should exceed the dimensions of the fireplace by 20-30 cm. The depth of the foundation should be about 50 cm. The foundation pit is filled with sand mixed with gravel, with each layer carefully tampering.
After filling the foundation well, a formwork wooden boards, a height of not less than 15 cm. Inside the formwork is laid metal grid or a lattice of reinforcement with a cell size of 10 * 10 cm.
Formwork is poured with a solution consisting of gravel, cement, and sand (the ratio is 4: 1: 3). The solution completely dries out for about 30 days, after which it can be covered with an outer layer - a cement-sand mixture (1: 3), and make over the insulation with two layers of ruberoid.
The fireplace masonry is carried out on a completely finished foundation.
The principles of masonry for brick fireplaces
Masonry fireplaces can have a different order, but some principles are the same for any option:
- the first row of bricks is usually laid, placing on the edge, and the next - flat;
- the first two rows are called the base of the fireplace (or stove);
- the bottom of the furnace should be raised above the floor by at least three rows of brickwork;
- the brick must not have any breaks, chips or cracks;
- red solid brick before laying is recommended to soak in water so that it is saturated with moisture (when immersed in water, it stops releasing air bubbles, so the brick has absorbed enough moisture);
- chamotte brick soaked in water is not necessary - it will be enough to remove from its surface dust or dirt with a damp rag;
- the thickness of the seam should not exceed 0.5 cm;
- it is necessary to apply such quantity of a solution on a brick that the solution did not leave for borders of a brick;
- if there is excess of solution between the sutures, they should be removed;
- start laying best from corners, checking them by plumb and level;
- if the brick was cut, then the edge left after cutting should be immersed in the mortar;
- mortar for laying brick fireplaces should not contain lumps, should not be flowable or stick to hands, and should be uniform;
- it is best to make a fireplace masonry in the warm season - then the solution will dry faster (this is especially true for the foundation);
- it is impossible to coat the fireplace with a mortar from the inside.
Key elements of which the fireplace consists
Fireplace fireplace composition
The standard scheme of laying a brick fireplace includes such elements (moving from the bottom upwards, as the masonry goes):
- base;
- ash (a bunker located under the grate, the purpose of which is to collect ash);
- firebox - this is the space in which fuel is laid, and where it burns;
- mirror - the back wall of the furnace, tilted forward at an angle of about 20 °, and starting at a height of 30% from the bottom of the furnace (the purpose of the mirror is to reflect the heat energy, directing it from the portal into the room);
- the smoke tooth is the protrusion formed by the end of the mirror, which has two main functions - preventing the soot from entering the chimney from entering the furnace, and also preventing cold air streams from entering the chimney from the chimney;
- haylo is a smoke box in which smoke and various gases are collected before exiting the chimney (it provides traction in the right direction, and also prevents smoke, sparks, soot from entering the room due to the fact that the heated up gases accumulated here leave for the cold street air chimney);
- gate valve is a damper located between the chimney and the chimney, which separates the haylo from the chimney (its function is to regulate the power of cold and hot air streams).
Interesting projects: fireplace, which has a brazier
Brick fireplaces can be different, including - street. One such option is a popular outdoor (outdoor) fireplace project that contains a brazier. This brazier is well suited for cooking shish kebab, barbecue, and other hot dishes.
The outdoor fireplace, which includes a brazier, can be wall or island. It features a simplified chimney, and also has no flap in the chimney. As additional elements, the fireplace with barbecue has a grill for barbecue and a table top. Most of the brick fireplaces with barbecue are built under a canopy to make it more convenient to cook.
Video: Mini fireplace for the cottage - with their own hands
Mini fireplace for a cottage - with their own hands
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The classic wood-burning fireplace gives the house a unique cosiness and charm, but many consider it to be too expensive a treat, believing that laying out - work for professionals. In fact, this task is not so difficult, it is enough to find a suitable drawing or scheme-order, stock up the material, and in your house there will be a real fireplace with crackling wood in it.
Choosing the size and shape of the fireplace
Any construction works start with the project, and before you begin to build a fireplace, you need to determine the size and shape of your hearth, because they depend not only on its appearance, but also on your safety.
What dimensions of the fireplace are considered ideal? There is no unambiguous answer to this question, you will have to focus on the size of the room, the classical proportions and standard size brick.
- Determine the dimensions of the furnace. To do this, we measure the area of the room and divide it by 100. For example, for a living room measuring 30 square meters, the area of the combustion chamber is 0.3 meters.
- We find the depth of the furnace. In relation to its width, the depth should be 1.5-2.5 times smaller. So, for the selected area of the furnace 0.3 meters with a depth to width ratio of 1: 2, the depth will be 37.5 cm - one and a half bricks, and width 75 cm - three bricks.
- We find the height of the furnace. It should be more than 1.5 times the width: for a furnace with a width of three bricks, we take a height of just over a meter, which corresponds to 14-15 rows of masonry.
- We determine one more important parameter - the area of the smoke hole. It should relate to the area of the furnace as 1:10 or 1:15. The chimney itself can be slightly wider, while the height of the straight section should not be less than 3 meters and more than 5 meters, otherwise it will be difficult to achieve a stable pull.
It's easiest to use ready drawings of fireplaces made of bricks - in this case, you do not have to independently draw the layout and you will be able to avoid unpleasant surprises during the kindling. From the proposed options you have to choose the most suitable for the size and shape of the fireplace, after that you can buy the material and get down to work.
Ready-made arrangements
Necessary materials:
- red ceramic brick - 300 pieces;
- fireclay bricks - 130 pieces;
- clay furnace or refractory masonry mixture - a pair of bags;
- sand quarry - 4 bags;
- cement - 1 bag;
- metal corner and steel strip - 3 pieces of 1 meter;
- furnace door for cleaning the chimney;
- oven shutter.
The fireplace scheme is made of brick in English style and its dimensions are shown in the picture.
The scheme of the English brick fireplace with a direct chimney - photo
Common methods of laying fireplaces are similar, therefore in the article the most complex variant is considered - English fireplace with own hands made of bricks . About how to fold made of bricks, you can learn from, and laying a simple fireplace for beginners should not cause difficulties if you carefully study our recommendations.
Requirements for the foundation of the fireplace
The stability of the fireplace depends not only on the masonry, but also on the reliability of its foundation. The foundation for the fireplace must be poured separately from the foundation of the building, otherwise, seasonal shifts of the ground may damage the source and chimney. If the fireplace is installed near the load-bearing wall, a compensating pillow made of sand is placed between the basement of the house and the base of the fireplace - they fill it up between the foundations and spill it with water.
The height of the base under the fireplace should be such that the first row of the masonry was at the level of the finishing floor. The pit for the foundation can be shallow, while the sandy-gravel cushion with a thickness of at least 0.5 meters is necessarily carried out on the undergrown soils. A layer of sand and gravel compensates for soil displacements and prevents the capillary rise of water from it, which provides waterproofing of the basement and walls of the fireplace.
The foundation is poured from concrete M150-M300 with obligatory reinforcement. Formwork is made of boards or plywood, fastening shields with screws. The size of the foundation to be filled must exceed the dimensions of the fireplace from each side by 10 cm. Fireplaces made of bricks, as a rule, contain the necessary dimensions, and when pouring the foundation you can use them.
After pouring the foundation, it is necessary to hold the concrete up to a set of critical strength of about 5-7 days, after which it is possible to proceed with the layout and masonry of the fireplace, having previously laid a double layer of additional waterproofing - roofing material.
Fireplace masonry + instructions and video
The fireplace mantel in the English style with a direct chimney is strictly according to the scheme. Prior to the beginning of the masonry, the wall behind the fireplace is insulated with a metal sheet or a thick foil, and the wooden structures are additionally treated with a flame retardant solution for internal work. Also, take care of the fireproof floor covering in the front of the fireplace, where it is possible to get sparks and embers.
Brick masonry - photo
Before the beginning of the masonry sort the bricks, laying off those that have cracks and chips. They can be used to lay the foundation. Before each stage it is convenient to lay out the bricks dry, cut them, sand them.
Red ceramic brick before laying for a short time soaked in water, fireproof the same brick can not be wetted, with its surface wipe with a damp cloth and dust. This measure promotes a more even drying of the mortar. Fireplace fireplace orderwith explanations is presented in the figures.
