Calculation of the number of radiators or a specific calculation for thermal sources is associated with the maximum heat loss of the room. Based on this value, the calculation of the steel radiator for the area is oriented to the heating devices themselves and their location in order to properly compensate for the heat level.

There are several methods. And the simplest of them will give relative results. In most cases this is enough.

   Steel radiator for home

This is one of the simplest ways to calculate a specific value for heating, more precisely for compensation. Calculate the value, starting from the area of ​​the apartment or house, where they plan to put radiators. Nothing complicated: the area of ​​each room is known in advance, and the specific value for the heat consumption is determined by SNiP:

1. The average climatic strip for a living space means heating of 1 square meter in 70-100 W.
2. Where the temperature falls below 60 degrees Celsius, you need to spend 150 to 220 watts per meter.

For your information! Calculate heating radiators easily by these standards or by calculator.

But take into account also the reserves of power, which are indispensable. A large overspending is not welcome, because with a large amount of total capacity, the number of radiators in the room is increasing. When the apartment is connected to the central heating lines, any overspending is not critical, because each user pays a fixed price.

However, with individual heating, everything is serious, because any overspending is a payment for the coolants themselves and their work. Paying is more stupid, especially since the set temperature is usually not exactly maintained.

Counting on the calculator the exact requirement of square meters, it is easy to find out how many to buy sections. Because any heater produces a specific amount of heat. These data are prescribed in the passport. Do this: calculate a specific figure for heat and divide by the power of the radiators. The result of this calculation gives the figure by the number of purchased sections, in order to restore heat losses in the winter.

Let's take a simple example: suppose that you need only 1600 watts, with the area of ​​each section of 170 watts. We proceed as follows: we divide the total values ​​in 1600 by 170. It turns out that it is necessary to buy 9.5 radiators. Rounding can be done in any of the parties, it is at the discretion of the owner. Usually round in the smaller side in those rooms where there are additional sources of heat, for example, in kitchens. And in the big party count on premises with balconies or the big windows. Another practice is a reserve of power next to the bare walls or corner rooms.

Nothing complicated, but remember the height of the ceilings - this is not always the standard value. Also affects the building material of the same windows or walls. Therefore, the calculation of radiators for the area for any room is usually indicative. It is more convenient to use a calculator, which takes into account adjustments for specific building materials and features of areas.

Do I need to adjust for the preliminary calculations?

Approximate calculations necessarily require an adjustment. This is necessary to obtain concrete results, taking into account all the factors. The latter affect the heat loss to a smaller or larger side:

• material of walls;
• quality of insulation;
• the area of ​​windows and their glazing;
• number of walls facing the street.

To take into account all these factors, coefficients are invented that are clearly written in good calculators. They simply multiply among themselves, more precisely equalize the initial value for the heat loss of the building.

  Heat loss in%

Let's start with the windows. As a rule, it is these components that account for the consumption of 14 to 30% of heat loss. The exact figures are related to the dimensions and actual insulation. And if so, then the calculation is also based on two factors:

1. Window area to floor area:

• 10% rate. 0.8
• 20% rate. 0.9
• 30% rate. 1.0
• 40% 1.1
• 50% rate. 1.2

1. For glazing:

• Three-chamber double-glazed windows multiplied by 0.85
• Double-glazed windows are multiplied by 1.0
• Wooden double frames should be multiplied by 1.27 or 1.3

For walls and roofs, consider the degree of material and insulation. It turns out that the values ​​for the calculation are also two:

Thermal insulation.

• A brick wall of standard thickness is the norm. The coefficient is equal to one.
• The walls of insufficient thickness are multiplied by 1.27.
• Good walls with a layer of insulation in 10 centimeters or more are multiplied by 0.8.

Outer wall:

• Indoors without loss of heat multiplied by one.
• One for the whole area is multiplied by 1.1.
• Two for the whole area is multiplied by 1.2.
• And so on.

More about calculating steel radiators

The steel panel radiator is a relatively new device for space heating. A distinctive feature is that steel structures are smaller in size and the heat transfer coefficient is much higher. And the system can consist of several panels made of corrugated metal (fins). It turns out that the panels (and they can be 1, 2 or 3) - this is the plates that pass the coolant inside the system.

To calculate the power for the area, you need to know the types of steel radiators. Total of them 5. Let's start with the most powerful:

1. Three-panel. Essential dimensions due to the three panels to which the fins are attached (designation 33).
2. Two-pane. They already have two plates (designation 22).
3. Two-pane with one plate (designation 21).
4. Single-panel radiator with one finning. Weak power, low weight and the same dimensions (designation 11).
5. Panel and coolant (designation 10).

  Types of steel radiators

Determine the power for these types of devices is simpler in terms of area, but the calculation is not square meter, but cubic. According to the SNIP the data are as follows:

1. The room of brickwork per 1 cubic meter requires 34 watts.
2. The panel house for 1 cubic meter requires already 41 watts.

Panel house with dimensions of 3.2 to 3.5 meters, where the ceilings are exactly 3 meters. We calculate by the formula 3.2 multiply by 3.5, we get 33.6 cubic meters. And already this value is multiplied by the norms for the panel house (41). We get 1378 watts.

For a more accurate calculation, a calculator is already being used, in which it adds to the above (approximate) value and data on the characteristics of the climate and the structure itself.

About other factors affecting the calculation

Any manufacturer of steel radiators always indicates their maximum power. Here's how it looks:

1. High-temperature mode. The coolant itself is heated up to 90 degrees Celsius.
2. Processing mode. The maximum is 70 degrees Celsius (the value is 90/70).

In practice, however, any heating system does not heat up to a maximum, and the actual temperature regime or power has the following parameters:

1. 75.65.20
2. 55.45.20

For a competent calculation, it is desirable to know the temperature headers of the system itself. If more specific, calculate the difference between the heater and the air temperature. Where degrees of the heaters themselves are taken as the arithmetic mean from the supply and before processing.

Even in the case of plans or calculations for radiators take into account the connection of the supply of liquid. In practice there are only 2 types:

• One-sided. Operates at maximum with the top feed (97%).
• Two-sided. Also the maximum heat output at the top connection (100%).

Outcomes

Finding or picking a specific radiator is not so difficult. It is much more difficult to make the correct calculation, being guided by the type of connection, the correct arrangement of devices. Plus, everything is always used by the calculator, where you need to contribute the features of your building or new apartment.

Despite the appearance of new types of instruments, steel radiators remain attractive to many users. We study carefully their advantages and disadvantages, and also give examples of the correct application. In addition, we present an action algorithm that will help any person to quickly and accurately calculate the radiator parameters for a certain room.

Technical characteristics of heating batteries made of steel

The old radiator models of this type were a pipe to which plates were welded vertically. To improve the aesthetic parameters, this structure was closed with a tin can. Today, such solutions are rarely used. More often the construction is made of two steel plates, in which the channel profiles are created by stamping. They are welded, covered with protective and decorative layers on top.

It is important for a typical consumer to know which similar products he can use to make the calculation accurate. That's why we use the comparative technical characteristics. at first let's list the advantages of steel radiators:

• Fast heating and good thermal conductivity. These parameters confirm the suitability for the installation of such batteries in automated heating systems that regulate the operation of the boiler, depending on the readings of several temperature sensors.
• Good compatibility with different metals. These devices can be connected to copper and other pipelines without restrictions.
• Lightness of one section. With a power of 100 W, the product will weigh no more than a half kilogram.
• Its small size is also beneficial. It will not be difficult to find a suitable place for installation.
• Small internal volume. It is useful in a private house, where the diligent master accurately calculates the amount of coolant necessary for him.
• Not high cost.

To preserve objectivity, we list the limitations:

• Relatively small size of working channels. In some cases, mechanical impurities can get stuck in them.
• Low resistance to oxidative chemical reactions.
• Low mechanical strength of joints and relatively low resistance to water hammering.
• The integrity of the design. In such devices, you can not change the size by adding or detaching a section. Thus, the ability to make an accurate calculation with regard to the size of the area and the height of a certain room is reduced.

This table provides data for a general comparison with other types of radiators:

Parameters / type of the heater	Cast-iron	Aluminum	Bimetallic	Steel
Pressure in the heating main (max.), Bar.
Capacity of the section (comparable whole product), W
Permissible temperature of the heat carrier (max.), Gr. Celsius

Calculation of heating batteries from steel

Here is a simple algorithm that will help you calculate how much power the metal sections will need to heat a room of a certain area:

• Let's assume that the room's dimensions are the following (length X width X height) in m: 5 x 3 x 2.8. Its volume will be: 5 * 3 * 2.8 = 42 cubic meters.
• If energy-saving technologies are not used (special insulation of walls, multi-compartment glass units, etc.), then according to the current norms, 1 cubic meter. m. living space with windows to the south will be enough 40 watts. This figure is suitable for calculating the heating system of a house located in the middle climatic zone of Russia, for example, in the suburbs. To work with the premises of this area, the following total thermal power of the section will be needed: 42 * 40 = 1680 W.
• In order not to experience difficulties in severe frosts, it is better to increase the nominal value to 20%. Total: 1680 * 1.2 = 2016. In the model range of the manufacturer, we find a suitable product with a rounding in power - 2.0 kW.

On some specialized sites of sellers and manufacturers of radiators, a similar section calculation can be performed automatically. To do this, it is proposed to fill out a table or form on the following points:

• the size of the room (area and height);
• type of building;
• residential / technical room;
• type of boiler, or other heat source;
• number of external walls;
• presence / absence of double-glazed windows;
• the level of internal temperature that the user prefers.

Features of application and increase of efficiency of heating

Low battery lag   from a steel allows to use successfully these devices in modern individual heating systems. Such equipment is supplemented by sensors that control the temperature of air and coolant at different points. Depending on the received data, a quick decision is made to change the settings. As a result, the level of comfort necessary for the user is created and maintained without unnecessary expenditure of energy resources.

Precisely sized batteries, the characteristics of one section will be useful in any case. But, if there is no work on warming the house, then all efforts will be in vain. Corresponding losses through walls and defects of window openings will destroy all theoretical benefits. That is why, at the stage of choosing suitable radiators, it is necessary to check and eliminate insulation faults, technical imperfection of boilers and other heating equipment.

The power of the steel radiators specified in the technical data sheet   - this is indicative data. Use these opportunities will not always be complete. If you make a lateral connection of the device, the losses can be up to 8-10%. Lower connection is even less effective. In this case, the deterioration of the regulatory indicator can reach a value of 18-20%. Meanwhile, if pipe laying is allowed only in the screed, then the last option should be used. To fully fill the batteries, you can try to increase the pressure in the system by using a special pump that provides forced circulation of the coolant.

The above data confirm that each calculation of the heating project must be carried out individually. Consider the following features: equipment, building, operation mode.

The problem of heating in our latitudes is much more acute than, for example, in Europe, with its mild climate and warm winters. In Russia, a significant part of the territory is under the rule of winter to 9 months a year. Therefore, it is very important to give sufficient attention to the choice of heating systems and, in particular, the calculation of the power of the radiators.

In contrast, where only the area is taken into account, the calculation of the power of the radiators is carried out according to a different scheme. In this case, it is also necessary to take into account the height of the ceilings, ie the total volume of the room in which the installation or replacement of the heating system is planned. However, do not be afraid, because in the end, the whole calculation is based on elementary formulas, to cope with which will not be difficult. Radiators will heat the room thanks to convection, that is, air circulation in the room. Heated air rises and expels the cold air. So in this article you will get almost the easiest calculation of the power of the radiators

For example, take a room area of ​​15 square meters and with ceilings height of 3 meters. Thus, the volume of air to be heated by our future heating system will be:

  V = 15x3 = 45 meters of cubic

Next, we consider the power required to heat a room of a given volume. In our case, 45 cubic meters. To do this, multiply the volume of the room by the power needed to heat one cubic meter of air in a given region. For Asia, the Caucasus is 45 W, for the middle band 50 W, for the north about 60 W. As an example, take the power of 45W and then we get:

45 × 45 = 2025 W - power needed to heat the room with a cubic capacity of 45 meters

Selecting the radiator based on the calculation

Steel radiators

Leave out the comparison of various types of radiators and note only the nuances of which you need to understand when choosing a radiator for your heating system.

In the case of calculating the power of steel radiators, heating is easy. There is the necessary capacity for the already known premises - 2025 Tues. In this case, look at the table and look for steel batteries that give out the required number of watts. Such tables are easy to find on the websites of manufacturers and sellers of similar products.

Here is an example of such a table:

The table indicates the type of radiator, in this example we take type 22, as one of the most popular and quite worthy of its consumer qualities. And we are perfectly suited radiator size of 600 × 1400. The heating radiator's power will be 2015W. But it's better to take a little more than slightly less power

Aluminum and bimetallic radiators

In this case, there is one important difference in calculating the power of radiators. Aluminum and bimetallic radiators are often sold by sections. And the power in the tables and catalogs is indicated for one section. Then it is necessary to divide the power necessary to heat the given room by the power of one section of such a radiator, for example:

2025/150 = 14 (rounded to the whole)

And we got the necessary number of sections of such a radiator for a room with a capacity of 45 cubic meters.

Do not overdo it!

Also it should be noted that 14-15 sections for one radiator are the maximum. To put radiators on 20 and more sections is inefficient. In this case, split the number of sections in half and install 2 radiators in 10 sections. For example, 1 radiator is placed near the window, and the other near the entrance to the room or on the opposite wall. In general, at your discretion.

With steel radiators the same story. If the room is large enough and the radiator goes out too much - better put two smaller ones, but of the same total capacity.

If the room has the same volume of 2 windows or more, a good solution is to install a radiator under each of the windows. In the case of sectional radiators, everything is quite simple.

14/2 = 7 sections under each window for a room of the same volume

But, since such radiators are usually sold in 10 sections, it is better to take an even number, for example 8. The stock in 1 section will not be superfluous in case of severe frosts. The power from this will not change much, but the inertia of heating the radiators will decrease. This can be useful if cold air often enters the room. For example, if it is an office space, which is often visited by customers. In such cases, the radiators will heat the air a little faster.

What do I do after the calculation?

After calculating the power of the radiators for all rooms, it will be necessary to select a pipeline with a diameter, and taps. Number of radiators, length of pipes, number of cranes for radiators. Calculate the volume of the entire system and select the suitable boiler for it.

For a person, a house is often associated with warmth and comfort. And that the house was warm, it is necessary to give due attention to the system of its heating. Modern manufacturers use the latest technology to produce various elements of heating systems. However, without competent planning of such a system, for certain premises these technologies may prove to be useless.

Replacement of one heating appliance by specialists will cost from 2000 rubles. The exact cost will depend on the complexity and volume of additional work, if they are needed.

In this article we will consider an example of selection and complete assembly of steel radiators of KERMI heating.

To simplify the procedure for selecting heating batteries, we divide them into two main groups:

1. BOTTOM CONNECTION (FKV );
2. SIDE CONNECTION (FKO ).

The difference in these connection groups is the connection of heating pipes, which greatly affects their appearance, for the presence of a built-in thermostat in the radiator with side connection, and of course determines the cost of the batteries.

Once you have selected a radiator by type of connection, you need to choose the length and height of the kermi battery. As a rule, kermi radiators are installed under the window - this creates additional comfort in the house (but if necessary KERMI radiators can be installed on any other wall).

Therefore, we calculate the heating radiators along the length of the whole window sill, and the heatsink radiator should retreat 10-13 cm from the finished floor and just as much from the window sill !!!

Now came the most difficult choice - this is the type of radiator or its depth. This characteristic greatly affects the heat transfer of the radiator, and if you choose this value incorrectly, you either spend extra money, or, worse, will freeze during the heating season, because the power of the radiator will not be enough to heat the room.

If you are confident in your abilities, you can independently choose kermi radiators for your home at the best prices for radiators, also you can always order a free selection of radiators in our store   (subject to the purchase of this product in our store).

After we have chosen the standard sizes, we will find out what is required for the installation. AT standard set   KERMI connections already have wall mounts, the Mayevsky valve (air vent), plugs (with side connection). So, to connect the radiator, the manufacturer has already provided everything in the kit.

To install heating batteries on the floor, you will have to purchase additional feet for.

When you have installed the heating batteries, you need to connect the heating battery to the heating system using a shut-off valve. You also need to understand how the heating pipes to the batteries (inside walls or outside) will fit. For this, there are two versions of the fittings: lateral (when the pipes are mounted in the walls) and straight (when the pipes are laid outside the walls). To give additional external aesthetics, it is possible to use nickel-plated copper tubes when installing radiators.

Calculation of radiators

  We made the calculation of the radiators ourselves.

Square area formula

The formula for calculating the power of a steel heating device taking into account the area: P = V x 40 + heat loss due to windows + heat loss due to outside door P is the power; V is the volume of the room; 40 W - heat output for heating 1 m 3; loss of heat due to windows - calculation from the value of 100 W (0.1 kW) per window; loss of heat due to the external door - the calculation of the value of 150-200 watts.

Example: Room 3x5 meters, with a height of 2.7 meters, with one window and one door. P = (3 x 5 x 2.7) x 40 + 100 +150 = 1870 W With the help of these calculations it is possible to find out what kind of heat transfer the heating deviceto ensure sufficient heating of a given area.

Important! If the room is located on the corner or the end of the building, to calculate the battery poweradd another 20% of the stock. The same number should be added in case of frequent depressions temperature of the coolant. If a dwelling is located in an area with severe frosts and winters, you need to multiply the obtained figures by 1.2 - the coefficient of heat loss.

• Kermi radiator 11 5 05 (547 watts) - 2 pcs.
• Kermi radiator 11 5 10 (1147 watts) - 1 pc.

  Bedroom 13.1 m2   has one window but for even heating of the room we recommend installing two radiators:

• Kermi radiator 11 5 09 (1032 watts) - 1 pc.

Bedroom 11.1 m2   has one window   but for even heating of the room we recommend installing two radiators:

• Kermi radiator 11 5 04 (459 watts) - 1 pcs.
• Kermi radiator 11 5 07 (803 watts) - 1 pc.

Wardrobe 5.6 m2   has one window:

• Kermi radiator 11 5 06 (688 watts) - 1 pc.

San Node 4.6 m2:

• Kermi radiator 11 5 05 (547 watts) - 1 pc.

For the hall we did not provide for the choice of radiators, because there are a huge number of variants of sizes and variants of their placement.

After we have made a selection of KERMI heating radiators for the premises you need, you can make out an example. We took for an example an arbitrary plan of one floor. All the calculations of radiators are made taking into account the possible heat losses at home, so the normal heat supply margin is from 10% to 15%. But the installation of radiators does not end only with the purchase of batteries, you also need to connect to the heating system. To do this, you will need to purchase some additional items:

1. Connection group (multiflex). This element has connecting dimensions: 3/4 union nut (for connection to the radiator) and 3/4 external thread (for installation to a heating system). Also, the kit includes two conical inserts.

2. Thermostatic head (has many different names). It serves to adjust the temperature of the heating batteries, in order to maintain a comfortable temperature regime in the premises.

3. Fitting with union nut 3/4 for connecting the heating pipe to the connection group, is purchased together with the pipes. For polypropylene pipes, two additional conical inserts should be purchased additionally.

Conclusion: for one heating radiator of steel one must additionally purchase a connection group of 1 piece, a thermostatic head of 1 piece (you can buy it if you want, the battery can also work without it), a fitting with a union nut 3/4 2 pieces (usually bought together with pipes - one fitting is for the pipe with the supply of coolant, the second fitting is for the pipe with the removal of the coolant from the radiator).

1. Manual operated valve. It has connecting dimensions 1/2 external thread (for connection to a radiator), 1/2 internal thread (for installation to a heating system), is a shut-off valve for the flow of coolant into the radiator.

2. Thermostatic valve. It is a complete analog of a manually operated valve, but allows the installation of a thermostatic head for convenient adjustment of the radiator temperature.

3. Check valve with manual control, has connecting dimensions 1/2 external thread (for connection to the radiator), 1/2 internal thread (for installation to the heating system), serves as a shut-off valve to drain the coolant from the radiator.

4. Fitting with male thread 1/2 for connecting the heating pipe to the stop valve, is purchased together with the pipes.

Conclusion:   for one side-mounted radiator you need to purchase a manually operated valve 1 piece (or instead of it a thermostatic valve), a check valve with manual control 1 pcs, a fitting with 1/2 external thread (to be purchased together with the pipes).

Correctly executed calculation of radiators of heating is very important, but also it is equally important to complete and correctly complete them. Our specialists will always help you in this difficult matter. We will be always glad to see you!