The roof protects the building from all kinds of atmospheric influences, and also acts as a constructive decoration of the entire building. It predetermines the durability of the house, along with it, its construction and subsequent repairs require considerable financial costs. Therefore, the issue of its erection must be treated with all responsibility.
In the construction of any objects there is no place for miscalculations. Therefore, before the erection of a building, it is necessary to correctly carry out the corresponding calculations. This can be done through online services, but truly accurate calculations of a particular object are possible only with "manual" data processing.
Who built his own house, he certainly faced with the question of how to calculate the height of the roof. Before determining this parameter, it is necessary to take into account several nuances:
- determine the type of roof - single, double or multiple, with a residential attic, attic or without it;
- determine the slope of the roof - you need to take into account the climatic conditions of the construction area, the strength of the wind, the amount of precipitation and temperature;
- choose a roofing material - it also imposes certain requirements for the angle of the roof.
The magnitude of the slope varies between 11-600. The more snow falls in the winter in the area, the greater the angle. After a preliminary calculation of the height of the roof, you can determine the amount of material required. In this matter, much determines the angle of the construction - with its growth, the consumption of material increases. For example, a slope of 45 0 will increase the cost of the roof (in comparison with a flat structure) by a factor of 1.5, and if this parameter is 60 0, it will double.
The proportions of the height of the roof are determined only by the regulatory requirements for the construction. The height can be directly calculated by means of a building square and a roof drawing made on millimeter paper. In addition, the simplest geometric formulas will help you to do the calculations, for which you need such initial data: the length and width of the building, the angle of the roof.
Further, it is necessary to resort to simple geometric calculations. The triangle's cathet is the height of the ridge, the second leg can be the width of the house, its diagonal divided in half or half the width of the building (for a single-pitched, tent and gable roof, respectively). The height of the ridge is determined by multiplying the length of the leg by the slope of the slope. We give you a table of tangents and sines for calculations:
For example, there is a house with a width of 6 m with a 2-pitched roof slope of 40 0. Tangent 40 0 is equal to 0.839. Thus, the height of the roof is 6/2 * 0.839 = 2.5 m.
According to a similar scheme, the length of the rafters. In the triangle described above, this support is represented by a hypotenuse. To calculate its length, it is necessary to divide the value of the known leg into a sine of the opposite inclination angle. From the scheme above it follows that the length of the rafters (in our triangle is the hypotenuse) Lc is equal to the height of the ridge of the roof Hk divided by the sine angle A.
The smaller the height of the ridge, the smaller the corners of the skates. As a result, snow will accumulate on such a roof, which, if significantly accumulated, can lead to direct damage to the material.
If the gable roof has a high horse with a large area of skates, then with strong gusts of wind it can collapse (read also: ""). As you can see, the roof lends itself to significant impacts, which can lead to critical results.
In this article, we'll just talk about how to calculate the height of the roof.
What is a gable roof?
There are many different types of roofs, but the most common are three of them:
- one-stage;
- gable (gable);
- four-story.
How to calculate the height of the roof?
In order to calculate the height of the roof, it is necessary to determine the angle of inclination of the skates. To do this, use the regulatory documents that govern this type of work. These include the Code of Regulations SP20.13330.2011, which is based on SNiP 2.01.07-85 "Loads and impacts." In this document, a simple formula for calculating the snow load for a gable roof type and a formula for calculating the wind impact are available (for more details: ""). The permissible angle of inclination of the roof depends on the region and its climatic conditions. For the central regions of the Russian Federation, this indicator normally ranges between 30-45 degrees.
How to Calculate the Roof Rake
Completion of calculations
At its core, the calculation of the height of the roof for the other types of construction is almost the same, because in the end, the rays form the hypotenuse. It is also important to remember that the wider the house, the smaller the corners of the skates can be obtained, thus raising the skate not to such a height. This is especially important if the attic is planned to be made useable or residential.
No house can be imagined without a roof. This design is necessary, because it ensures the protection of the entire building from the effects of the environment, and the correct arrangement of the roof makes it possible to build an attic or an attic.
The roof is exposed to a variety of atmospheric phenomena. If it is wrong to choose the angle of inclination of the ramp, and, respectively, the height, that is, the risk that a gusty wind or heavy precipitation can disrupt the integrity of the structure. In the best case, you will have to carry out a small repair, at worst - to build the construction anew.
When designing the construction of an object, one can not neglect any parameter, including the value of the height of the roof. The following series of arguments will confirm the significance of the correct definition of such a parameter:
- Durability and reliability. The most important characteristic that interests every home owner. Optimal selection of the height of the shelter will allow the structure to be resistant to the existing loads exerted by the materials of the roofing and other structures, seasonal loads such as snow mass.
- Aesthetics of appearance. It is important for the construction of the house to take care of its appearance. The wrong parameters used in the design will not allow the house to look complete and aesthetic.
- Convenience. Due to the height of the roof, it is possible to build an attic space in the house and adapt it for life or storage, which provides certain amenities and increases the living space of the house.
The upper point of the roof is called the ridge. In other words, this is the junction of inclined roof planes, located in the horizontal plane.
If the height of the roof level is calculated incorrectly and has a value below the required or higher, this promises not only an imbalance in architecture, but also problems during the period of use. The altitude parameter must correspond to the technological processes.
Atmospheric loads
What does it depend on
A very important parameter, which will have to be repelled in the calculations and on which the reliability of the structure depends, is the angle of inclination.
There are a number of factors on which this parameter depends, as well as the height of the structure.
Atmospheric phenomena
To such a factor it is necessary to adjust, because to resist such phenomena is meaningless.
From the atmospheric factors that affect the roof, there are the following:
- Wind. The angle of the ramp is selected depending on the weather conditions that are inherent in the zone in which the house is located. If in the main in the region gusty winds prevail, then the angle is chosen no more than 10-20 degrees. In other cases, the wind does not affect the angle of the roof slope.
- Precipitation. The region in which abundant precipitation is observed, angle of the ramp is recommended to choose more than 45 degrees. This construction of the roof allows the precipitation to flow quickly.
- Snow mass. Similar to the previous factor, the choice of altitude depends on the abundance of snow in the winter. The angle of the ramp is preferably 45 degrees or more, if snow in the region falls often and in large quantities.
All information on the characteristics of the above parameters can be found from the SNIP 2301-99.
The need to create an attic
Without an attic, non-residential buildings are usually built and light enough, for example, garages and sheds. For an apartment house, it is always necessary to provide for an attic space. To use it or not is already a private matter for everyone.
The need to build an attic space is a factor that affects the value of the height of the roof based on the comfort of movement in the future room. Namely, there is a need to move around the attic and to operate it as a residential or storage room.
If the premises are non-residential, then there are a number of rules for this design:
- in calculating the height of the roof, the fire safety requirements for the house are taken;
- the size of the room should not be a hindrance to maintenance;
- there must be a through passage, a height of 1.6 m and a length of 1.2 m.
Roof type
There are special rules, starting from which determine the height parameter of the roof with respect to the material for coating it:
- If the roofing material many piece items, then the angle of inclination is chosen as much as possible.
- If the roof is chosen low, the joints in the roofing material should be kept to a minimum.
- For a large mass material, maximally large angle so that the total weight of the material is evenly distributed over the surface.
NOTE!
These parameters should be taken into account in the aggregateto ensure a reliable and long life of the roof.
Height of the roof in relation to the width of the house
From this perspective, determining the height of the roof is determined on the basis of the Pythagorean theorem. For this, the cross-section of the structure is represented as an equilateral triangle.
The parameter that is necessary for calculations is angle of roof. The height of the structure is right triangle cat.
The calculation is carried out as follows:
- Required determine the tangent selected value for the angle of the ramp.
- Knowing the width of the house, one side adjacent to the corner can be calculated by dividing the value by 2.
- Further, the available values must be substituted for the well-known formula a = b * tg a.
- By this principle, one can understand the dependence of the height of the ridge on the width of the house. The larger the width of the house, the greater the angle of the ramp.
The ratio of the width of the house to the height of the ridge
Gable roof height
How to calculate the height of the ridge gable roof and not make mistakes? The above is the simplest way to determine the height of a roof for a gable of its kind. The mathematical formula is used for this. But there is another way to calculate - graphical. Initially, a drawing is made on paper, after which the measured values are measured.
The principle of this method is to transfer the real parameters of the roof structure in an accurate proportional relationship on a smaller scale.
Despite the fact that the method is considered not as accurate as the mathematical method, many are convenient and also allows you to find out the necessary results.
The algorithm is as follows:
- The isosceles triangle is drawn and the meridian is held - this will be the height of the ridge.
- Draw a triangle is necessary, starting from the previously chosen angle of inclination depending on the individual parameters of the house and its location.
- In order to draw the exact angle of the roof, use a protractor.
- After the triangle is drawn, measure the resulting meridiani.e. height of the ridge.
This method is especially convenient for those who are going to equip an attic for a residential building. In this situation, it is possible to visually identify and identify all the necessary parameters.
Height of gable roof
Calculation of the height of the roof of a four-stage type
In spite of the fact that the four-slope roof type is much more complicated by design, in calculations it is possible to use parameters and formulas by the principle of calculating the height of a two-slope version.
The four-slope roof has two varieties:
- Shatrovaya. In this design, all roof slopes have the same length, area and identical in shape. Such a variety is used in regions with strong winds. It is capable of withstanding strong gusty winds and a high degree of load.
- The hip. The skates are represented by two triangles and trapezoids. Such a variety requires considerable expenditure on materials for its construction, but this is ideal for the attic floor. However, such a design is not suitable for regions where strong winds are strong in gusts. In such conditions, the construction requires additional reinforcement.
In any of the listed varieties of roofs for calculations it is necessary to find in the construction a figure of a right triangle. This will determine the required values.
For the roof of the four-slope version, the method by which the height of the gable roof is calculated is suitable:
- In the construction, you can find a right-angled triangle.
- In the figure found, designate the hypotenuse, which will be the rafters, the second side - the width of the house, divided by 2.
- Starting from the angle of inclination (tg angle), the third side of the figure is calculated, which represents the height.
Height of hip roof
Useful video
How to determine the height and angle of the roof you can learn from the video of the lesson:
Conclusion
Determine the height of your own for the future of the house - a lesson though simple, but responsible. Given that this is a fairly important parameter on which the reliability of the entire structure depends, it is better to entrust such work to specialists. Especially if there is any doubt about the angle of the slope. Special design programs will also help in this matter.
In contact with
When building any building, one of the most significant moments is the correct calculation of the height of the roof ridge, as well as its area. With a low height skate on the roof can collect a large amount of snow, which will create additional stress on the entire structure. On the other hand, with a sufficiently high ridge and a large surface area, the roofing of the roof increases, which can become a problem in strong winds. Therefore it is important to know how to calculate the height of the roof ridge, preventing its premature destruction.
Roof design features
When designing any building it is important to correctly calculate the roof parameters. Here, all possible loads must be taken into account, as well as the required number of roofing materials. In this case, one of the main parameters will be the correct inclination of the skates of the structure. In typical gable roofs, slopes usually have a slope of 12-45 degrees. A direct dependence of this angle of inclination on the load created by the weight of the roof on the entire structure of the roof of the building is known.
Note! It is necessary to make additional reinforcement of the rafter system, which will entail additional construction costs. If you reduce the slope of the ramps, then there will be an increase in the load on all structural elements due to atmospheric precipitation.
It is equally important to calculate correctly rafter system . This is caused by the transfer of the total load from the rafters to the bearing walls of the building. In turn, rafter legs are determined by the size of their cross-section and length. Such structural elements are selected on the basis of what the actual loads are on the roof, taking into account the angle of the skates. To ensure the necessary margin of safety, experts recommend slightly increasing the results obtained for calculating the thickness of rafter legs.
Since the configuration of the roof can be different, the calculation of the required parameters will be made depending on some features. To properly calculate the height of the roof, always take into account the number of skates and its shape. Neglect of such characteristics will lead to errors in the calculations. Without such data, it will be impossible to determine roof area , and also to calculate the necessary amount of materials for the roofing device. The height of the ridge affects the length and configuration of the rafters.
Main settings
When building your own house, every owner will necessarily face the calculation of the height of the roof level. Before determining such a parameter, it is necessary to take into account the following nuances:
- number of skates;
- presence of an attic or attic;
- the angle of inclination of the rays, taking into account possible atmospheric precipitation;
- selected roofing material.
In this case, one should take into account the simple dependence of the amount of precipitation and the angle of slope of the rays. The amount of material required for a roofing device can be determined by first calculating the height of the roof. In practice, a slope of 45 degrees implies an increase in the cost of the roof by a factor of 1.5 compared with the design of a flat ramp.
It is believed that the regulatory requirements for the building cause the proportions and height of the roof ridge. Meanwhile, such a parameter can be calculated, knowing the actual dimensions of the walls of the structure. In this case, the calculation of the height of the ridge can be determined using the simplest geometric formulas. To do this, you need to know the width of the structure, as well as the angle that determines the slope of the roof slopes.
Calculations
Such parameters as the height of the roof ridge and the angle of inclination of its ramp are related directly to the dependence. In addition, the selected roofing material also affects the angle of the roof. For example, soft tiles can be laid on the roof, which has an inclination of 11-90 degrees. Ceramic tiles require a slope restriction of up to 60 degrees.
It is also necessary to take into account the aesthetic component, therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the height of the roof ridge corresponds to the height of the building. The fact is that an excessively flat or too high a roof can adversely affect the appearance of the structure. Given the available climatic conditions, the most optimal option is considered to be the angle of the roof, which is 35-45 degrees. Roofing, having a more flat structure, will be subject to increased loads due to precipitation.
If you take the height of the ridge for one of the legs of a right triangle, then the other leg is half the width of the building. Accordingly, the length of the slope will be considered a hypotenuse. In accordance with the trigonometric formula, the length of the leg in such a triangle will be equal to the length of the second leg multiplied by the tangent of the angle at the base. For example, take the width of the building at 6 m with the angle of the slope of the roof slope of 40 degrees. Turning to the trigonometric table of Bradis, we determine the tangent of the angle of 40 degrees. It will be equal to 0.83. It turns out that half the width of the house - 3 meters should be multiplied by 0.83. As a result, we get the height of the roof ridge of such a building, which will be 2.49 m.
A horse is part of a rafter system. It is represented by a horizontal bar and is located at the very top of the roof. This is a kind of rib joining two roofing skates. Rafting legs in turn rest on a skate. In addition to performing the functions of gable roofs, this element can be present in more complex roof structures. The ridge element of the roof is the last element of the roof covering. It closes the edge of the joint of two skates, so the height of the ridge of the gable roof is important.
Installation of the ridge is carried out at the final stage of roofing works. In this case, the element is a long narrow sheet of material that is usually folded in the longitudinal direction. The horse is made of a variety of materials. The choice of roofing affects. The most common ridge material is galvanized steel.
The horse and its functions in the thermal insulation of the roof
Let's consider an example: the house has a width of 6 m, while the roof tilt angle is 40 degrees. Determine the tangent angle of 40 degrees (refer to the special table). We find out that it is equal to 0.83. The result is a simple calculation: 6 / 2х0.83 = 2.49 m. This will be the height of the ridge.
The device of the roof ridge
Ridge elements are sold ready-made, as well as as component materials.
Most often in the standard set of skates are the following forms of parts:
- Simple - the sheet bends in an oblong form:
- The ridge is in the form of a rib (bend) having a U-shape.
- A semi-circular bend. The kit also includes end caps.
All skates are flanged - curved inwards by 1.5 cm edges. Due to this, the part becomes more rigid. In addition, it looks better and visually. The minimum width of the shelf should be 15 cm, but it is recommended to make it wider. This is necessary so that during a heavy blizzard the snow does not blow out under the skate. The consequences of such deposits are well known to you.
Get only high-quality details of the ridge. When they are joined, the elements overlap. The edge must be 10 cm.
The necessary tools for equipping the ridge:
- Trap - serves as a means of safe lifting to the roof. This is a kind of staircase that fits on the roof. This eliminates the possibility of damaging the roofing. In addition to the ladder, it is recommended to use flexible insurance.
- Lanyard - indispensable when marking the ridge axis.
- Self-tapping screws, screwdriver.
After lifting ridge details on the roof, they are placed in accordance with the rules. So, the first element should be level with the edge of the roof slope. It is not superfluous to check its placement - do not forget about the symmetry of the shelves. Under the ridge edge it is necessary to lay the material: glass wool, foam rubber or special self-adhesive foam rubber wool tape (filer). This will protect against snow sweeping. If the roof ridge is correctly calculated, there should be gaps between the material and the roofing. Having determined the position and laid the material, you can begin pulling the lace along the shelf. On this landmark and will be located subsequent elements.
The next action is the fastening of the ridge with the help of self-tapping screws. They are screwed into the crate. For convenience, you can lay on it an additional bar. Ridge edges should be well fixed. The recommended step of the screws is 40-50 cm. Place the next element overlapping the previous one. In this case, the screws must pass simultaneously through both elements - for their reliable fixation. You can also further strengthen this place by screwing another screw. It is not recommended to rely entirely on the accuracy of the lace. For safety, it is better to use the human eye - that is, the helper below. From there he can easily determine the "fracture" of the ridge and inform you about it. Thus, it is desirable to work on the roof in pairs.
Mounting the roof ridge, look at the video:
Ventilated knot of the roof ridge
Installation Instructions
- Through the entire length of the ridge, make a cut in 35 m. At the same time, it should not extend to the edges of the ramp. A barrier of 150 mm is left.
- The backing carpet should go out from under the upper material row by 150 mm. Next, it should be bent on the shingles.
- On the bent edges, a ventilated hobby equips. It should be placed symmetrically to the slopes, above the slit.
- Cover the plastic parts with soft tile petals. In this case, the walls of the grating should remain free.