End of October in temperate latitudes marks the end of the garden season.
What can I do at the dacha in late October or early November?
"Never mind!" - Most people will answer.
And they will be wrong ...
Right now you can and must sow in the garden very many flowers (and not just flowers!).
First, so in the spring you will save precious time.
Secondly, podzimnie crops will bloom much earlier than spring.
Thirdly, very many plants (whose seeds require cold) will not ascend in April-May.
When and how to sow under the winter?
The best time for podzimnih crops - with the establishment of stable autumn cold.
In many regions this period falls precisely at the end of October and beginning of November.
Although autumn crops can be done later, up to the appearance of permanent snow cover. As a rule, at this time, the upper layer of the earth is already freezing. For seeds, this is not terrible, but it can significantly complicate the preparation of soil in the garden for sowing. Therefore, try to make an early seedbed or prepare furrows in a flower garden (before the earth freezes). And also in advance store the substrate, which will sprinkle the sown seeds.
How often and how deep is it necessary to sow seeds?
In autumn it is better to sow somewhat more often and less deeply than in spring sowing, since the germination of such seeds in spring may be slightly lower. The autumn colds will not allow the seed to germinate before the time.
Since the upper layer of the soil can thicken considerably over the winter, the seeds in the spring can be difficult to break through this crust. That is why the seeds sown in the fall are best sprinkled with a thin layer of peat or humus.
Watering the autumn crops is absolutely not necessary and even harmful (unexpected warming of the weather in the autumn can cause premature germination of seeds). And in the spring, these seeds are quite enough moisture from melted snow.
Ways to accelerate flowering
It is noticed that the sowing of flowers for the winter accelerates the beginning of their flowering for 1-3 weeks.
But there is another way to "deceive" nature. To do this, install metal arches over the ridge, and in the spring (as soon as the snow comes down) cover the ridge with a film. Thus, flowering will begin another 1-2 weeks earlier!
By the way, this is how you can avoid the tedious growing of flower seedlings, which in spring occupies all our windowsills.
For example, if you decide to grow a popular one-year-old, then with the sub-winter crops you will get stronger plants. They will be less prone to disease and blossom earlier or simultaneously with those asters that were sown for seedlings in March.
By the way, the stability of plants sown in autumn to unfavorable weather conditions (spring frosts and lack of moisture) and to diseases is another advantage of autumn crops.
Autumnal crops of annuals
Surely, more than once in the spring you found out the emergence of marigolds, cosmoses, lavaters and others that appeared in the most inappropriate places, which grew in you last year.
In general, almost any flowers can breed. But only in sufficiently frost-resistant plants, gentle shoots do not perish from spring frosts.
So, what of the summer can be sown for the winter?
Here is just a short list of popular annual flowers: alissum, gypsophila, godecia, Iberis, cosmea, lavatera, nigella, escholzia and some others.
Most of these flowers, not loving a transplant, it is better to sow immediately to a permanent place on the flowerbed. If spring shoots are too frequent, they can be weeded out. But it is better to plant an astra on a bed and in the spring to cover crops with a film.
Autumn sowings of perennials
If the annual sowing season is won, mainly time, the reasons autumn sowing many in quite a different way.
The fact is that very many species of perennials for germination of seeds need stratification. Therefore, such seeds for germination need to be located for a while at low temperatures. With spring crops, you can achieve this by placing the soaked seeds for 1-3 months in the refrigerator. But it is much easier to sow seeds with a hard shell for the winter.
Here is a short list of perennials that need cold stratification: aquilegia, hardy, etc.
Many species of perennials quite successfully germinate also during sowing in the spring. But to get stronger plants, it is still preferable to do it in the fall. For example, here are some plants that can be planted in autumn and spring: gaylardia, doronikum, bells of Carpathian and Persicholinum, lichen, lupine, chamomile, oberite, small petrel, Arabian, etc.
Practice shows that almost all perennials are much better developed at the podzimnem sowing. By the way, most of them usually blossom only in the second year. However, sowing perennials for the winter, and in the spring covered with a film - you can often get flowers by the end of the first summer!
Autumn crops of garden crops
Although the main characters of this article are flowers, it was unfair not to say even a few words about garden plants. Moreover, it's quite possible to arrange a small aesthetic and for every gardener!
So - sown seeds of very many vegetables for the winter allow you to harvest 1-2 weeks earlier than from those sown in mid-April. And if you consider that usually we are engaged in vegetable gardens only for the May holidays, then the harvest from podzimnih crops will turn out simply superannym!
What of the vegetable crops can be sown for the winter?
First of all, ripe greens - dill and salad. Much earlier, in the autumn sowing, parsley and celery will rise.
Some experts even recommend sowing carrots for winter (but this is for experimenters).
But what is checked for centuries, so this is the autumn planting of garlic. Strictly speaking, it was better done in early October (but, in extreme cases, you can do it at the very end). But that garlic had to take root before the cold, cover the garden with dry foliage or peat.
You can plant a winter and onion-sowok - only to do it better a little deeper than in the spring.
Other advantages of podzimnego sowing
Perhaps all of the above reasons could not convince you of the need for podzimnih crops.
But there is another very important advantage. The fact is that autumn is the best time for sowing seeds, the expiration date of which ends this year. And also those seeds, whose quality causes doubts in you. Speech, of course, is about frost-resistant plant species.
Why is "suspicious" seeds worth sowing in the garden for the winter?
Firstly, in conditions of dry air in a warm apartment they will lose their germination capacity much more quickly, and in the spring they can be safely discarded.
Secondly, the podzimnius sowing will allow us to see in the early spring if sprouts have appeared. And if there are no inputs, then, without wasting time on determining the germination of old seeds, you can sow new ones.
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People are used to the idea that spring is a time when you need to plant vegetables and fruits, as well as various flowers and greens. But in the spring homestead pleased the eye with beautiful flowers, they can be planted in the fall. True, each flower has its own characteristics of planting, so you need to know what sorts are planted for the winter.
Why flowers should be planted in autumn?
Many may think that after a hot summer and harvesting in the fall period, the land should rest, and it is better not to plant anything for the winter. However, for plants such a process is characterized by a number of advantages.
First, the plants become hardened. This is due to the fact that the strongest seeds survive in the winter earth, so in the spring they will show good seedlings, will have immunity to various diseases and pests.
Secondly, already seasoned for winter, the plants will not become a spring frost threat. Such plants can quickly form a root system that can absorb moisture from the soil for good growth.
It is very important that in the spring the owners will not have to worry about the temperature of the soil and air suitable for planting, because only the strongest and most resistant plants will appear during this period.
For autumn planting, one must choose those annuals that are immune to colds. Plant them better in the frozen ground, because the warm soil will be treated with seeds as if planting is done in warm spring. In this case, the plants will germinate earlier, which will lead to their death.
Of great importance is the place for planting. It should not be under hot sunlight, especially if there is no snow for a long time in winter. Also, the site should not be located where meltwater flows in the spring, because the seeds will be washed quickly, and there will be no harvest. During planting, you need to monitor the density of seed placement. This indicator should be greater than in the spring period.
It is recommended to start preparing the land from September. The preparation consists in digging up the soil, fertilizing it and making beds. If the seeds are very small, the depth should be 1 cm, if large - about 5 cm.
In this condition, the land remains until the end of November, and when it is already completely frozen, it is possible to sow seeds in the beds, add humus or peat mixed with sand. When in the spring the flowers already have several leaves, the beds can be thinned out so that in the future plants can develop well.
Flowers, growing one year, which can be planted for the winter, include medicinal calendula, fragrant sirloin, kiwi chrysanthemum, snapdragon, Chinese aster and cloves, some others.
Such flowers give even a better harvest than the one-year plan, so it is very useful to plant them in autumn. However, the choice of perennials must be taken very seriously, as they quickly sprout and strengthen, but give color only a few years. If there is no desire or the possibility of waiting for a harvest for so long, the sort of flowers must be express, that is, that blossoms next spring.
Perennial flowers are recommended to be planted when the soil is only slightly frozen, that is, somewhere at the end of October. The seeding principle is similar to the way in which annual plants are planted. At the same time, it is very important to tamper with the earth a little, thus saving them from various pests.
When the snow leaves with the onset of spring, it is recommended to cover the area with the flowers planted in autumn with a film that is removed after the appearance of the first shoots. If the flower already has about 4 leaves, flowers should be dived to the root system to strengthen.
Among the perennial flowers in need of planting in the fall, it is worth highlighting the bells, alpine astra, aquilegia, spurge, oriental poppy, lupine and others.
If the flower grows from a bulb, and the color gives in the spring, it should be planted in the first days of September. Of course, it is important to take into account the geographical location of the site, the climate in this or that area. The main thing is that the sitting is held a month before the first frost.
Since in the spring, first of all, those plants that germinate from the bulbs bloom, they are best placed on open areas. Such flowers are also called primordial flowers, they include hyacinths, tulips, daffodils, anemones, primroses, irises.
By the way, bulbs of the latter should be distributed in early September, sprinkling them with ashes before planting them in the soil. The same applies to pions. Concerning the seeds, it is better to prepare the poppy, lyatris, and foxglove for autumn planting.
Summer shoots
Flowers, which please with its color in the summer, can be planted shortly before frost. For example, a good option is a bulb of a lily, which needs to be transplanted every few years. Flowers growing from seeds, it's chamomile, lavender, delphinium and others.
Whatever flowers are planted for the winter, it is very important to prepare the earth in time, dig, make fertilizers and necessary vitamins. The best period for this is September.
A busy summer has passed, harvest has been completed, garden work is almost finished. Quietly, a restless and beautiful autumn.
It's time to start the next season, in order to be glad in the spring of the first gifts of our garden. After all, every summer resident knows how there is not enough free time in the spring - every hour is expensive.
So why do not we ease our spring work and hold our favorite vegetables and flowers.
- Crop under winter suitable for cold-resistant crops. These are plants whose leaves do not have pubescence (the fringe of leaves protects the plants from heat).
If such species are planted in the spring, they will shoot after a month.
Thanks to the podzimnemu sowing, we are winning over time - the shoots of our winter-hardy vegetables will appear earlier (for about 2-3 weeks), hence the harvest too.
Planted in autumn, the seeds will pass through winter hardening and vegetables grown from them will be better tolerated by frost.
Sowing for the winter - for and against
And why do you need autumn troubles at all? Can I leave everything for the spring?
Well, no, after all, having correctly picked up and correctly sowing in autumn, we will get a lot of advantages:
- Frost-resistant plants will ascend together, they are stronger and more enduring.
- Vegetables obtained from such crops are more attractive externally.
- In the spring we will free ourselves more time (in fact some varieties will already be safely sown / planted).
- Given that the harvest crop for the winter is going to 2-3 weeks earlier, on the vacated beds you can have time to grow early ripe kinds of vegetables.
But is everything so perfect? Of course not. Podzimniy sowing has "pitfalls".
After all, it is not always possible to guess what winter and spring will be like. If the winter period is prolonged, the soil becomes denser, which slows the success of the shoots.
Yes, and precisely determine the timing of sowing is difficult. The modern climate is a unpredictable thing, the winter can come suddenly, and maybe "please" the truck farmers with slush.
Therefore, there is a risk of freezing or too early germination of seeds that will die at the first freeze.
But these unpleasant surprises can be smoothed and collected an excellent harvest.
For this you need to know some nuances of the sub-winter planting. We will tell about this.
So, seven competent steps of this event:
Step 1. Choose the "winter tenants" of the garden
What sow under the winter? Resistant to cold cultures is quite a lot:
- Carrots (Incomparable, Nantes 4, Moscow winter, Vitamin 6, Shantane 2461). The carrot is not afraid of the carrot under the carrot (it does not damage it). Sowing under winter carrots gives larger and vitamin-enriched fruits.
- Beetroot (Egyptian flat, Cold-resistant 19, Moscow winter, Podzimnia 474, Losinoostrovskaya 13).
- Salad head (Berlin yellow, Red-headed).
- Turnip (small-bore varieties: Danilovsky 312, Myachkovsky, Strigunovsky).
- Spinach (Victoria). Spinach is absolutely not afraid of the cold. Fresh greens are able to please you with a crop even in winter (it is collected from under the snow).
- Dill (Gribovsky).
- Garlic (purple-striped).
- Parsley (leaf Ordinary, root Bordovik sugar).
- Pasternak (Student, Round). With such a culture, the seeds can very quickly lose their germination - the sub-wintering will only go to the parsnip.
- Radish (Resistant, Pink-red).
- Onions (Ellan, Bessonovsky, Stuttgart, Arzamas, Strigunovsky, Danilovsky, Myagkovsky 300). Onion-sowing, especially small (up to 1 cm in diameter) is very difficult to store until the spring, it just needs to be planted for the winter.
Suitable for planting cumin, fennel, sage, katran, lettuce, rhubarb, sorrel, watercress, horseradish roots, Peking cabbage, borage (cucumber grass), corn, sunflower.
And you have never sown the seeds of flowers under the winter? So be sure to try, because their autumn planting has its advantages - hardening of plants, better shoots, good growth, resistance to diseases and weather conditions.
The following annuals can be sown during the winter: alissum, aster, cornflower, godet, Iberis, candendula, kosmeja, poppy, nigella damascus, escholzia, clarkia, amaranth and some others.
Of the perennial flowers for the sub-winter planting, seeds of such crops as: gaylard, doronikum, bells Carpathian and Persicholinum, lichen, lavatera, carnation, chamomile, oberite, aquilegia, delphinium, primrose, yarrow, Arabis and others will suit.
Step 2. Choose a place
We need fast drying in the spring sites, fairly even in the relief, with good drainage and high-fertility soil.
It should be warm, elevated zones with a south slope, protected from cold winds by a dense hedge or trees.
Choose places where heavy snow does not accumulate. In spring it will melt for a long time and can flood the crops.
Council. If the selected site is located in the lowland (or with high-lying groundwater), make the beds elevated (30-40 cm high). Ideally, the height of beds should be up to 15 cm (except for sandy soils, beds of sandstone do slightly higher).
Step 3. Determine the time frame
With sowing under winter, it's better to be late than to hurry. The main condition of such sowing is that the plants do not grow in autumn.
The best term of the landing subzim when the soil temperature drops to + 3 ° C (at a depth of about 5 cm), when warming is no longer expected.
The air temperature should be about 0 ° C. The most optimal time: a week and a half before the onset of cold weather.
- In the conditions of the central Non-Black Earth Region (the European part of Russia), this period begins in the middle of October and lasts until early November (in the northern regions two weeks later, in the south from mid-November to early December).
It is very important not to miss these days, it is during this period that the seeds, fixed for the winter, will not be able to germinate in the autumn and will wait in the beds for the onset of spring.
If you hurry - the seeds will begin to germinate already in the autumn period and die with the onset of cold weather.
Step 4. Prepare the beds
We need to prepare the ground in advance, even in a warm time (September-October).
For sowing under winter, stricter requirements are imposed on the soil than in spring sowing.
♦ Plain bed. We will use it for podzimnego sowing in the southern areas of vegetables and herbs:
- After harvesting the soil should be thoroughly digged, large clods of soil to break.
- If it turned out very dry, pour out the land. The water will wake the sleeping weeds, and they will make themselves felt.
- Completely clean the soil from the appeared weeds.
- Add fertilizers (humus, peat, or compost).
- Cultures that are resistant to cold, like loose ground, so we need to add an additional baking powder (sawdust or sand) to the ground. The baking powder is mixed with the fertilizer.
- Well razrovnyayte ground rake.
- Do grooves to a depth of 1-10 cm (depth depends on the type of plant).
♦ A warm garden. Its arrangement is practically the same as usual.
With only one difference, that from the trench we need to remove the soil and lay a layer of 30-40 cm manure (goat, horse and sheep).
On top of it, fill the fertile soil in 20-30 cm height and very well water it.
Then prepare the grooves to cover up.
- The decaying natural components will abundantly supply the earth with heat and will create the most comfortable conditions for sowing for the winter.
Seeds can be planted in already frozen grooves, filling them with fresh earth.
For this, pre-store the soil. Prepare and mulch (lapnik, leafy twigs).
Mulch we will cover the beds on a layer about 15 cm with the onset of cold weather.
In the spring, mulch is removed immediately after melting snow (if it is not removed on time, the shoots will be too late and rare).
Council. If you are just starting to master a new site, take one bed for the sub-winter plowing, and plant the remaining ones with ciderates until spring.
Step 5. Seed preparation
Seeds for winter sowing are used absolutely dry (otherwise they will start to germinate ahead of time).
They are sown on prepared beds and covered with a layer of 1.5-2 cm of peat, compost or fertile soil.
- Many gardeners are advised to use drained seeds (placed in clay tablets). You can experiment with such seeds, because the clay capsule will serve as additional protection of seeds from hungry rodents.
How many seeds are needed? Here the opinions are divided. You can hear from specialists that when sowing for the winter, the number of seeds should be increased by 30-50%.
But there is also the opposite assertion that an excess of seeds will oppress their fellow tribesmen. Therefore, the most optimal solution is to sow seeds in the usual amount (as in spring).
The trick of an experienced gardener. If you do not have time to sow the seeds before the first snow, they can make an original stratification:
- After the arrival of stably cold weather, seeds are packed in linen bags and dug into the ground to the depth of the shovel bayonet.
- At the end of the winter, get them out, dry and plant, as usual (spring sowing).
Thanks to this method, the seeds will receive additional hardening and they will not be afraid of various diseases.
But this method is acceptable only for parsnips, carrots, cumin, katran, onions (any kind), lyubistok, fennel, parsley, dill and tomatoes.
The rest of the cultures do not need stratification.
Step 6. Sowing for the winter
On lightened soils, the seeds need to be cut a half centimeter deeper than you do in the spring (considering the layer of mulch).
Mulching is necessary - it is a guarantee of safety of seeds in the cold and getting good and friendly shoots in the spring.
The consumption of mulch is up to 4 kg per square meter. m. The very depth of seeding depends on the plant species:
- Celery: its seeds are very small, so when sowing they are only poured with compost / peat. If the seeds are deepened into the ground, they can not germinate.
- Beetroot, leaf parsley, dill: 2-2.5 cm.
- Onion (diameter of bulbs up to 1 cm): 3-4 cm.
- Cherry onion, dill: 1,5-2 cm.
- Leeks: 8-10 cm.
- Carrots: 1-1.5 cm.
- Spinach: 2.5-3 cm.
Council. If unexpected snow has fallen out, do not be discouraged. Simply rake it off and sow under the winter, sprinkling seeds with fertile soil, peat, or compost. They will safely wait for the cold.
Seeds carefully place on prepared, frozen beds and sprinkle with warm soil.
On top of it lay a layer of mulch. Watering crops is not necessary - in the spring, the waking plants will have enough snow melting.
The seeds moistened in autumn can swell and die in the cold.
Nuances of podzimnego sowing of different cultures.
♦ Celery. A fragrant vegetable requires a very loose and enriched soil. It is necessary to sow it under the winter in light, open areas.
We dig the ground for 25-30 cm. Plant seeds according to the scheme of 45x10 cm.
♦ Beets. The nutrient beetroot will be well developed in such areas where organic fertilizer did not occur for 1-2 years. Beets like mineral supplements.
In order for our beets to grow healthy, get an intense color, plant it for the winter in bright places, with a deep finding of preferential waters.
- If the water is located close to the surface, make for it beds about 25-30 cm in height. Avoid clay, too oxidized soils. From excess acidity can be eliminated by introducing into the soil ash, chalk, lime or dolomite flour.
Beetroots will feel good after peppers, potatoes, tomatoes, onions and cucumber.
The soil is digested for 25-30 cm (simultaneously add potassium-phosphorus fertilizers, ashes and humus).
But sowing under the winter for beets should be done a little later than other crops (late October-early November). Leave the distance between the seeds at 7-8 cm. In the aisles about 25-30 cm.
In the people there is a sign on which it is best to plant beets for the winter - after the fall of the leaves from the cherry.
To additionally protect the planting from frost, cover it with fallen leaves, sawdust or needles, from above powder with snow (all this must be removed in the spring, as soon as the snow starts to thaw).
Immediately after this, add a nitrogen fertilizer to the beetroot and cover it with a film (remove it after the first shoots appear).
♦ Carrots. This "vitamin factory" really needs fertile soil, so use more peat, humus or compost.
For it, the ideal loamy, flooded soil, weakly oxidized, or neutral.
If the earth is heavy - add sawdust (always half-decomposed). The site must be protected from the wind.
- Avoid places for landing carrots places with slopes. Flood waters easily wash away the seeds of the plant in spring.
Planting carrots under winter is carried out at the end of November, in a slightly frozen ground.
Directly before the sowing add superphosphate (if the land is depleted, add nitrogen fertilizer at the rate of 15-20 g per m²).
The soil is dug to a depth of 25-30 cm. Carrot seeds after sowing under winter are covered with earth of 1-1.5 cm high, and peat / humus is placed on top 2-3 cm high. Distance between the ridges leave 20-25 cm.
♦ Onions. Onion crops like places where carrots, cucumbers, potatoes or tomatoes used to grow.
When you prepare the soil for the sub-winter sowing of onion crops, use mineral and organic fertilizers.
Fences under the bow make a meter for two.
- Bow "on the turnip." The seeding depth is 3-5 cm, the distance between the seeds is 10-12 cm.
- Bow "on the pen." Plant bulbs plant with a distance and a depth of 2-3 cm.
- Bow-sekok. Plant to a depth of 5 cm, with a distance of 15-20 cm.
For additional soil enrichment before sowing under winter, add ½ muck buckets and ¼ sand buckets.
Onion crops like space, so plant them in a checkerboard pattern. After disembarkation, the soil should be compacted, and with the onset of colds, sprinkle with sawdust, on top additionally lay dry branches.
Once the onion made itself known to the first shoots, it should be fertilized.
Use superphosphate (30-40 g / m²). During the formation of bulbs, add potassium chloride (10 g / m²).
In the warm spring it should be watered 2-3 times weekly (consumption 5-10 l / m²).
Once the onion is ripe, the watering stops.
After 10-14 days, it should be carefully excavated, cleared from the ground and left in the garden for 1.5-2 weeks.
Then tie it into braids or cut the dried feathers 3-4 cm from the bulb.
Store our onions in a dry room at normal, room temperature.
♦ Garlic. Garlic winter crops plant bulbs (air bulbs) and denticles.
Garlic needs a neutral, very loose soil, with deep soil waters.
Garlic will fit places after cabbage, tomatoes, cucumber, pumpkin, pepper, eggplant.
- You can not make garlic sowing under winter for the plots where manure was introduced this year - the plant can give an abundant tops and looser heads.
The teeth of a larger size are deepened to the ground by 5-7 cm.
Garlic bulb is planted 3 weeks before the onset of cold weather, air bulbs placed in the ground for 2-3 cm in the aisles leave a distance of 20-25 cm.
To plant garlic for winter soil should be richly fertilized with compost (15-20 liters per m²), before the planting, add ashes (1-1.5 liters per m²). Or potash phosphorus fertilizer (15 g / 10 l of water per m²).
If the soil of your site is too heavy - fill in the sand. For mulching it is better to use fallen leaves or spruce lapnik.
Step 7. What to do in spring
In the early spring, as soon as our first sprouts appear, we perform thinning of the plants. If the shoots appeared too early, the ridge can be covered with agrofiber, or with a hothouse film.
- Agrofiber is more successful in using sowing for the winter, as it perfectly passes air (you can not fear unnecessary overheating) and such a shelter does not require the installation of a frame.
In the future we only need to clear the planting from the weeds and water our future crop.
Sprouts can be fed with organic fertilizers. If you notice that the shoots are rare and there are significant sifts, the plots can be sown.
Very often podzimniy sowing is combined with further spring planting.
Council. To foresee good germination, we will not succeed. If before May you did not notice the activity of the sub-winter sowing - spend a duplicate sowing. In the south, about a successful / unsuccessful podzimnem seve you can judge already in early April.
Beware of gluttonous moles! Protect from them your planting by repelling pellets, smoke grenades or ultrasonic barriers.
The rest of the pests and diseases do not threaten our early shoots.
The problem can be made by malicious aphids, but almost always outbreaks of its activity occur at a time when the harvest is already safely formed.
Now, dear readers, you know how to conduct podzimnie plantings of plants. Maybe you will find these activities very risky.
But this is not entirely true, if you carefully treat these simple landing rules and carefully implement them.
Do not be afraid to experiment! Plant a winter for at least a couple of beds and you'll see how much easier it will be for you in the spring.
And now I propose to watch a small video on this topic.
See you soon, dear readers and successful landings to you!
End of autumn in many gardeners, truck farmers is associated with the end of the season. Although this period (and in warm regions - even the beginning of December) is optimal for planting annual and perennial flowers that will blossom the next year.
Technology of sowing seeds in the ground for the winter
Its essence lies in the fact that seeds are sown in already frozen ground with a decrease in street temperature to 0 ° C.
In this case they will not be able to germinate immediately. Throughout the winter, natural stratification takes place, which promotes the emergence of healthy and strong plants in the spring.
The main thing is not to hurry to plant seeds, but to wait for stable frosts: warmer weather can cause premature germination of seeds.
Using this method of sowing, you can get flowering plants 1-2 weeks earlier.
Pros of sowing for the winter:
- When spring planting is not always possible to choose the optimal time: the weather in this period is quite changeable. Seeds sown in autumn will sprout themselves when needed.
- There is a natural selection. The hardening of the seedlings takes place in such a way that the strongest and strongest specimens remain. The weak here simply do not survive.
- Flowers planted in autumn, quickly form a strong deep root system, which will take moisture from deep layers of soil, thereby preventing them from perishing.
- Convenience is also the moment that in the fall of working in the garden is much less than in the spring. This means that you can get involved in planting.
- Planted in autumn, flowers are less susceptible to various diseases and less likely to be damaged by pests.
- Less trouble with the seeds: do not soak them and keep them in the refrigerator, this happens naturally.
- There is no need to "mess around" with the seedlings.
Minuses of podzimnego sowing:
There are several ways to plant annual flowers in autumn:
- Sowing directly on the flower bed (for permanent place)
This method is ideal for those cultures that do not tolerate the transplant and have a rooted root system. Examples include eschholzia, delphinium, digitalis, poppy.
- Seeding on seedlings (in school)
Early in the spring, a greenhouse is established over the sown area. Seedlings grown by this method are obtained early and of high quality.
- Sowing in individual pots or containers
Applies to those areas where there is a close lying groundwater.
Regulations for the autumn seeding of seeds
The soil is prepared in September as follows:
- It is dug onto the bayonet of the shovel, the clods of earth are crushed.
- The beds are well watered.
- Complete cleaning of beds from weeds is carried out.
- Add the required fertilizing, you can use compost, peat, or already ready mineral fertilizer complexes.
- Neat furrows are formed for future crops.
In November - early December (focusing on weather), seeds are planted in the formed furrows: smaller ones - to a depth of 1.5 cm, large - 4-6 cm.
Sow the seeds as thick as possible, covering them with a mixture of compost or humus with sand. After the emergence of shoots in the spring, they must necessarily be weeded out for normal growth and development of plants.
How to carry out winter seed sowing?
For those who have access to their site in winter, such a method is suitable. First, standard soil preparation is required in August - early September: digging, fertilization. The only difference from the autumn sowing is not to make grooves under the seeds.
In December - the middle of January (in the presence of a snow cover with a thickness of at least 20 cm), the seeds of flower crops are sown directly to the trampled layer of snow. Top with a humid humus or compost mixed with sand. Then the crops are covered with snow a little, so that the seeds do not touch the birds and do not kill the severe frosts.
These two methods can be used by sowing seeds in school (on seedlings) and directly on the flower bed. And the school is preferred to plant, because in spring you can transplant sturdy seedlings wherever you want.
Planting an annual flower in boxes and pots for the winter
Especially valuable for rare varieties and species, when there is a small amount of seeds. This method is more laborious, and does not suit those who only sometimes fall (and winter) visit the site.
It differs slightly from the first two variants of sowing, in this case the flower seeds germinate in separate containers. For these purposes, shallow or boxes with drainage holes up to 10 cm deep are suitable.
A suitable soil mixture is prepared: sand, peat and garden soil. This mixture is filled with containers (with pre-poured drainage 2 cm thick), watered well, taken out and buried in the garden.
From above it is desirable to cover with a polyethylene film before the landing time. When the time is up, the film is removed and seeds are sown, which are covered with a layer of earth about 2 cm thick. If they are too small, you can plant it for convenience, after waking the substrate with sand. Over the soil, crops are poured with compost or fallen leaves.
In spring, grown seedlings are well thinned, and in the late spring, the stronger plants are transplanted to a permanent place.
Which annuals can be grown this way?
Before planting it is necessary to understand the seeds of which flowers can be planted under the winter.
All flower crops meet certain requirements:
- resistant to cold;
- do not tolerate any transplant;
- their seeds can not be stored for long;
- have a short growing season;
- their seeds require additional stratification.
For podzimnego sowing suitable:
- Flower annual crops with small seeds (planted according to the scheme of 20x30 cm):
- Flower annual crops with seeds of medium size (sown according to the scheme 25x25 cm or 25x20 cm):
- eschol'tsia (Californian);
- gt;
- delphinium (annual);
- mignonette;
- cloves (Chinese, hybrid).
- Flower annual crops with small seeds (are sown according to the scheme of 15x20 cm):
- hop;
- clarkia;
- Other, often sown for the winter, annual flowers:
Some annuals, under suitable conditions, multiply by self-sowing. But we must remember that in this case, the plants bloom a little later.
Autumn planting perennial flowers
Flower crops, having a long-term development cycle, are also well sown for the winter - they will give stronger and stronger shoots.
Many plants-perennials begin to bloom only for 2-3 years after planting. If in principle you want to immediately get bloom, it is better to choose special varieties that bloom for the next year.
The technology of sowing perennial flowers is not particularly difficult and does not differ from annual ones. The only thing - immediately after the snow in the spring, it is desirable to cover the crops with a film. Remove it should be after the first shoots.
In the case of thickened planting, extra plants (having 3-4 real leaves) are planted separately.
What flowers can be planted under the winter seeds:
To get perennials planting seeds in the fall is even easier than the annual ones. Their germination is much higher. This will save time and effort (compared to the independent growing of seedlings) and money (in comparison with the acquisition of finished seedlings).
When sowing it is necessary to take into account the location of the site: with a strong inclination, the seeds can be washed away by melt water in the spring.
Video about sowing seeds of flowers for the winter
More details of the process of planting flowers for the winter can be learned from this video:
Sowing for the winter: what is it?
Subzimnium sowing is carried out on frozen soil after the onset of stable temperatures close to zero (0 ... -1 ° C). In these conditions, the seeds do not germinate in the autumn. Over the winter they pass a cooling period and in the spring they give rise to strong healthy plants. As a rule, in the central strip of Russia is held in late October - early November, in the southern regions - in mid-November - early December. It is not necessary to hurry - warm weather can stimulate the emergence of sprouts, which will die in the onset of frost. When the sowing season is sown, annuals bloom 2-3 weeks later than those grown through, but a week earlier than.
annuals
- Podzimniy sowing creates natural growth conditions. In fact, the seeds undergo a vernalization procedure, resulting in stable, robust seedlings.
- Spring weather is changeable, cold weather causes a cold snap. It is not easy to choose the time of sowing. Seeded under the winter seeds themselves will determine optimal conditions to start growth.
- Podzimniy sowing is a wonderful alternative to spring in places where the soil for a long time remains cold. Weather conditions unfavorable for spring sowing - late spring, low moisture - do not affect seeds sown for winter, using moisture from melting snow.
- Podzimniy sowing excludes labor for preparing seeds for spring sowing and saves space on the windowsills. (it is necessary, for example, to seeds adonis ) in the case of sowing under the winter will hold in place of you nature.
- Seeds pass a natural selection - the strongest survive. They give strong seedlings, characterized by good growth, resistance to unfavorable weather conditions, spring frosts, diseases.
- After emergence of plantings, plants are thinned. Remaining due to the fact that they did not touch, they form not friable (as with), but the core, which is more deep-lying. This makes them more drought-resistant.
Disadvantages of podzimnego sowing annuals
- It is advisable to sow under the winter only seeds of cold-resistant plants that are able to tolerate painless spring frosts.
- Thaws and subsequent frosts can contribute to the premature awakening of seeds and the death of sprouts.
- Long-term waterlogging has a very negative effect on podzimnie crops. It is very important to choose the right site for sowing and prepare it qualitatively.
- Germination of seeds is less, since seedlings immediately fall into unfavorable conditions and the strongest survive. Therefore, we have to sow more. When the sowing season is sown, it is recommended to increase the sowing rate by 30% compared to spring sowing.
Options for sowing annuals for the winter
- Podzimny sowing annuals for a permanent place in the flower garden optimal for those who react painfully to the transplant (poppy, delphinium, escholcia) . Disadvantage - the possibility of selecting the optimal location for sowing is excluded.
- Podzimny sowing annuals in the school spend with the purpose of the further transplanting of seedlings in a flower garden. In spring, when emergence emerges above, you can install the frame and cover it, imitating it. So you can get quality seedlings in the early stages.
- Farming of annuals in the tank is optimal when the soil conditions of the site or the near standing of groundwater make podzimnius sowing difficult.
Technology of sowing annuals for winter in a flower garden or schoolchild
A school for wintering sowing of annuals should be placed on an elevated site, oriented to the south or south-west. It is desirable that it is not accessible to cold winds and covered in winter with snow. With a close standing of groundwater, the school should be made at a height of not less than 20 cm. This will help to prevent the seedlings from getting soaked in the spring and promotes faster warming up of the soil.
In the second half of September or beginning of October, a row or a flower bed for a sub-winter planting is prepared. Deeply dig over, make a complex with a predominant content of potassium and phosphorus, as well as humus. Heavy soils are improved by the introduction of coarse-grained river sand. After the leveling and compaction of the soil, rows or nests are marked (according to the arrangement of plants, if a flower bed is created by sowing seeds in the ground).
For small seeds, the optimum depth of seeding is 0.5-1 cm, for medium - about 2 cm, for large - about 4 cm. The ridge prepared in this way can be covered with a film. In the case of snowfall, this will help to quickly begin to sow.
As soon as the sowing period has come, the film is removed from the ridge. Dry seeds are placed in prepared rows or nests. When sowing in the nest, 2-3 large, 3-5 medium or 7-10 small seeds are placed in each well.
Crops fall asleep pre-prepared soil mixture. The top layer of soil during the winter can be strongly condensed, so it is better to fill the seeds with a mixture of humus or sand (1: 1). It is prepared in September - early October and stored before sowing in a non-freezing room.
Then, without watering, mulch crops with leaf litter in case of a little snowy winter. Mulch is removed after the spring melting snow. In spring, the shoots are thinned out at the stage of the first pair of real leaves, then again two weeks later, observing the distance between the seedlings for a particular plant species. The third thinning, as a rule, is carried out with very dense shoots or nesting, leaving 1-2 plants in each nest. The thinning is combined with careful cultivation.
The technology of the annual sowing of annuals in a container
Containers should be shallow (7-10 cm) and have drainage holes. Substrate - to be loose, moisture-and air-permeable and moderately nutritious. The optimal soil mixture consists of garden soil, peat and coarse-grained river sand or vermiculite (1: 3: 3). At the bottom of the container, drainage is poured with a layer of 2 cm. The layer of soil mixture of 4-6 cm thick is compacted, the dry soil is slightly moistened. The remainder of the substrate is left in a non-freezing room for seeding the seed. Prepared containers are placed in the garden in trenches or pits with a depth of 15-20 cm more than the height of the container. This difference is filled with drainage poured onto the bottom, and the intervals between the placed containers and the edges of the trench or pit are covered with leaf litter. Top of the container is covered with a film. As soon as the sowing period has approached, the film is removed from the containers, the seeds are distributed evenly over the soil surface and the remaining soil mixture is covered. The thickness of the layer depends on the size of the seed (see above). At the top, the crops are mulched with leaf litter, which is removed after the spring melting of snow. In the spring, the crops are twice thinned: at the stage of the first pair of real leaves, then two weeks later, observing the distance between the seedlings for a particular plant species. In late May - early June, plants are planted in the flower garden.
Which annuals sow for the winter
First, cold-resistant. Secondly, with a short period of vegetation - about 40-60 days from shoots to flowering. Thirdly, able to be content with the little heat that our northern summer gives. Podzimniy sowing is a wonderful opportunity to have strong healthy seedlings of one-year-olds whose seeds are not stored for a long time (for example, delphinium ), and whose seedlings do not tolerate the transplant because of the root system.
Annuals with a rod root system for podzimnego sowing
- Ajax: the size of the seeds is average, the planting scheme is 30 x 20 cm.
- Clarkia Nail Polish: the size of the seeds is small, the planting scheme is 20 x 25 cm.
- large-flowered, flax seed:
- hybrid:
- samoseyka: the size of the seeds is small, the planting pattern is 20 x 30 cm.
- gray-haired:
- large, nasturtium cultural: the size of the seeds is large, the planting scheme is 20 x 30 cm.
- fragrant: the size of the seeds is average, the planting scheme is 15 x 25 cm.
- climbing, or Japanese: the size of the seeds is small, the planting scheme is 25 x 30 cm.
- : the size of the seeds is average, the planting scheme is 20 x 25 cm, 25 x 25 cm.
Other annuals, which often sow under the winter
- Agrostem common: the size of the seeds is small, the planting scheme is 15 x 20 cm, the sowing is carried out with nests of 3-4 seeds.
- year old, adonis annual, or autumn: the size of the seeds is large, the planting scheme is 25 x 15 cm, 30 x 20 cm, the seeds are light sensitive, the recommended depth of embedding is 1-1.5 cm.
- Alyssum sea (sea): the size of the seeds is small, the planting scheme is 15 x 20 cm. With thickened sowings, the probability of destruction by powdery mildew is high, timely thinning of the shoots is necessary.
- blue: the size of the seeds is large, the planting scheme is 15 x 20 cm.
- beautiful: the size of the seeds is average, the planting scheme is 25 x 30 cm, it gives mass self-seeding.
- graceful: the size of the seeds is average, the planting scheme is 15 x 20 cm.
- Iberis umbrella: the size of the seeds is average, the planting scheme is 25 x 15 cm. Podzimnie sowings are prone to attack of cruciferous flea. For prevention in autumn, soil is dug, in spring cultivated.
- medicinal: the size of the seeds is large. The planting scheme depends on the type and variety: 30 x 30 cm, 40 x 40 cm, 30 x 10 cm.
- Calystefus Chinese (