The pipe plug can perform a variety of tasks, starting with closing the end holes on the pipelines and ending with making any design complete with a decorative look.
1
Now there is a huge variety of interesting elements. They are divided into different groups depending on certain indicators and performance characteristics. First of all, the plugs on the pipes are classified according to the materials from which they are made. From this point of view they are:
- metal;
- rubber;
- polyethylene and plastic;
- chrome plated.
Perhaps the most common to date are metal stubs. They are installed on sewerage and water pipelines of steel and cast-iron mains, they are used in pipelines, through which gas is supplied. Metal products are indispensable for industrial purposes. In household networks they are also used very actively. Metal plugs have high strength and operational reliability. But they have a serious drawback - they are prone to rust.
Therefore, now in the construction of domestic and municipal water supply networks, as well as cast-iron sewage, instead of plugs made of metal, more modern plastic plugs are used, which are characterized by a high degree of corrosion protection. Metal stubs are mostly brass and steel structures. Products made of brass are resistant to corrosion. But their cost is high. Steel plugs have a lower price. But, as we said, they rust. And the installation of such products is always a laborious procedure.
Modern plastic stoppers for sewerage
Corrosion is not terrible for polyethylene and pipes. True, under the action of sun rays and elevated temperatures, they are able to deform. The undoubted advantage of such traffic jams is low cost. Most often they are used as internal plugs on pipes (on profile and round) and as plugs for a fence. Note! It is undesirable to use polyethylene and plastic plugs for.
Rubber products can not be securely fixed. They are very plastic. Therefore, it is unrealistic to use them as holding fittings. As a rule, rubber structures are installed on different lines with one purpose. They protect sewer and water networks from getting into them debris and dirt. Mounted rubber caps (round and other forms) is elementary - they are simply pushed into the pipeline at the desired location.
Steel products with a special chrome coating are a type of conventional metal plugs. They are decorative structures. Their appearance is brilliant and radiant, ideal for giving beauty to various structures. Such decorative fittings are often used to decorate a fence of pipe products protecting a private site, or fence around a public object. Steel chrome fittings are not afraid of corrosion, characterized by a long service life. At the same time, the cost of such plugs on the pipes is objectively high. This is due to the high costs of producers for their production (complex technology, high cost of chrome coating).
2
The products described in the article are divided into different types depending on their design features. In this case, the following types of plugs for pipes are distinguished:
- spherical (otherwise elliptical);
- pneumatic;
- threaded;
- transportation;
- face;
- flanged.
Spherical steel fittings are made of 12Х18Н10Т, 09Г2С, 12Х18Н10Т, 08Х18Н10 alloys and some other metallurgical compositions. Such plugs are suitable for overlapping individual sections of pipelines. In addition, they are used to equip the bottoms of a variety of industrial tanks. Steel elliptical products are installed by welding. And they are produced by the technology of stamping.
Spherical plugs can be made from rubber. Similar designs are made in the form of an inflatable durable ball, which is equipped with a special pump with small dimensions. Such a pneumatic plug is inserted into the pipeline, and then pumped by air. As a result of the expansion, the hole in the pipe becomes completely blocked. A simple pneumatic plug can cost only a few dollars. But the price of similar products used on large industrial highways is usually estimated in hundreds and even thousands.
Spherical plugs for pipes
On municipal and private water networks, threaded silencing elements are often mounted. They cost a penny, but in the work they show themselves quite reliable products. Install them, as is clear from the name, on the thread present on the pipe. Threaded round plugs are plastic (rare) and metal (the main assortment of such fittings consists precisely of them).
Transport plugs have an integral elementary design, assuming the presence of simple fasteners (mechanical). They make them in the form of a kind of hood or cover.
Transport round and profile plugs are needed to protect the pipes during their transportation. The task of such products is to protect trumpet products from debris. As a rule, the transport plugs are made of plastic. Metal plugs are less common. Functional transportation products are similar to end caps. The latter are mounted on unused (temporarily or permanently) sections of pipelines. They also protect the pipes from clogging.
Flanged products are made of rubber or metal alloys. They are mounted with special rivets or conventional bolts. These fasteners are placed in special holes, which are cut in the upper area of the plug. The advantage of these plugs is that they can be dismantled at any time, and then reinstalled. Everything is done quickly and without unnecessary complications.
3
The details we describe are always selected taking into account the specific features of the specific pipes and lines constructed from them. At the same time, one must take into account both the functional purpose of the pipelines and the material from which it is made.
- It is undesirable to use rubber and plastic plugs for water pipes with hot water and heating systems. At elevated temperatures, such products can be seriously damaged. It is better to invest in more resistant metal plugs.
- On the gas mains, pneumatic and threaded plugs can not be mounted. They will not provide the required level of sealing.
- If a plug is required to block any type of line for a long period, it is best to use flanged or elliptical products.
- The shape of the pipe and the plug used for it must always correspond to each other. Round plugs should be installed on round tubes, and square products - on profile structures.
- On the well pipes it is necessary to install special plugs. They are placed in the lower end of the pipe structures. Such plugs are necessary to prevent water from flowing past the filter device into the wellbore.
Special plug for borehole pipe
Separately, let's talk about the selection of stubs for the fence. Now many types of fences are built of pipe products. Therefore, this question is of concern to many people. The selection of the fences for the fence is quite simple. If you need to close the ends of metal pipes, purchase plastic or steel products. It is desirable that they are fastened by means of a bolted concealed connection. In this case, metal plugs will not rust for a long time.
Plastic covers to protect the ends of the fence pipes can be bought very cheaply. But we must remember that such products for fence very quickly lose their appearance under the influence of sunlight. And they even break down with light mechanical stresses quite often. Therefore, experts recommend always buying metal fuses to decorate the fence.
Blanks are used on pipes for a wide variety of tasks. In the oil and gas industry and work with pipelines without them can not do, because with their help, it is possible to accidentally block the main or part of it, securely close the openings at the ends of the branch pipes and branches.
Use such important details for example for safe transportation of rolled products or even in the quality of decorative ornaments on finished structures. They give an aesthetic and finished look to the assembled product.
Types of stubs
Modern manufacturers produce a huge number of stubs. They are divided into species according to several differences parameters. First of all, they pay attention to the structural features of end plugs and their material.
By design features such products are divided into the following types:
- Threaded plugs used for pipes are intended for use in conjunction with fittings and pipelines on threaded connections. To mount such a stopper is very simple, and reliable tightening of the thread allows you to forget about the possible breakdown of the site. Such details are sold for 1-1.5 dollars;
- Pneumatic plugs for pipesare made of rubber. It is durable inflatable rubber ball complete with a small pump attached to it. When pumping air, the pipe plug expands, then completely blocks the hole. Spherical rubber plugs are estimated at 10-20 dollars for the simplest samples. Industrial equipment for blocking large pipelines may well cost from a few hundred dollars;
- Transport plugs for pipes have the form of a cover or hood, as well as a very simple one-piece structure with adjustable mechanical fasteners, which is completely justified. After all, the task of these parts is simply to shut off the pipeline during transportation, at which time they are subject to minimal loads. Transport covers for profile pipes in stores are sold for 20-50 cents;
- Elliptical plugs are produced from sheet steel by stamping method. Such plugs are considered permanent, they are mounted by welding, for example, on a gas pipe. They can be bought for 40-80 cents;
- T the pipe end plug for the pipe is used for the simplest tasks, when you just need to cover the end of the steel supports, that is, make a barrier from getting inside debris, moisture, etc. End decorative parts are a kind of transportation, and therefore the price of them is approximately identical and is equal to 30-60 cents;
- The flange tube plug is a steel or rubber plate with cut holes for fastening bolts or rivets. The holes precisely correspond to the flange itself, so it is very easy to mount them. Price of products for steelpipes of this type is at the level of 5-15 dollars. Changes in the price are due to the difference in thickness, dimensions, as well as the material of the part itself.
By type for the material used, they are divided into the following types:
- The metal plug for the pipe is made of steel or brass. It all depends on the particular product and its purpose. Metal samples are durable and reliable, but can be corroded and laborious in terms of installation, for example, in water pipelines;
- Polymer samples are made of strong polyethylene or light plastic. Polyethylene decorative stoppers have a very low cost, and they also do not react to corrosion at all. However, when in contact with direct sunlight, they are gradually destroyed;
- Chromed decorative ends are a kind of metal, but they are distinguished by an external beautiful shining appearance. Usingthey are mainly used to give the pipes a decorative effect;
- Models from rubber Pts they are plastic and work as a protection against debris and dirt. For serious blocking of water pipelines they are not suitable, since the process of their installation consists in the usual pushing of the plug on the required area with the help of physical force.
Requirements depending on the characteristics of the pipes
Pick up such details so that they exactly correspond to the peculiarities of specific pipelines. And take into account both the material and its functional purpose.
For example, a plug for a gas pipe must be extremely strong and reliable. Moreover, the gas slightly exceeds the water in its structure, and this already leads to increased requirements for sealing the plots. Conventional threaded samples or pneumatic plugs on the gas pipe will not work. It is better to install them on water pipes or other pipes.
For heating systems and hot water pipes it is not recommended to take plastic and rubber products, as they can be damaged at high temperatures. In this case, you need a quality metal.
If necessary, block the hole of any type for a long time, use elliptical or flange plugs on the pipe.
The shape and profile of the highway also exerts its influence. In this case, the main requirement is the complete correspondence of the dimensions of the plug to the pipe and its shape.
For example, a plug for a profile pipe 80 × 80 mm should have similar dimensions and completely overlap its profile. Therefore, before buying a product for
i have such uses, you need to make sure of the correctness of your choice.
The shape of the edge also affects the requirements for attaching the plugs. Blanking plugs for square pipe sections can not be attached using thread or flange connections. They can only be welded or pushed mechanically.
Accordingly, it is very important to make sure that with this fastening the part holds well and is able to perform its functions.
Blanks for round pipes, in terms of application, are much more functional. Which, however, is completely unsurprising. After all, pipes with a round profile in 95% of cases are used for the equipment of water mains and supply systems. Here, the requirements are not to the type of fastening, but to its quality and simplicity.
Using pneumatic plugs (video)
It is almost impossible to name specific universal types or types of stubs. Too many of them are now on the modern market.
Inflatable e pneumatic plugs for trub choose when you need any type of nozzle can be blocked. They are convenient for their functionality, since inflated spherical cylinders take the form of a pipeline.
Flanged and elliptical plugs on steel pipes are fastened most often, since they meet them according to the material to be manufactured and the type of construction.
However, if the pipes 80 × 80 are used not as elements of the pipeline, but as components of metal structures, then in this situation, the choice of conventional end caps will be correct.
Plastic cover-plugs for metal pipes are used only as transportation, or to prevent atmospheric precipitation from falling into the holes of structures, since they are not able to block the channel qualitatively.
Threaded plugs are good for their stable strength and no problems during installation, but they should be bought only if inside or outside the edge already threaded. And this thread must fully meet the one that is already on the stub. This refers to the type of thread and its direction.
When choosing a protective-blocking torus it is necessary to pay attention to the shape of the elements for profile pipes. As a rule, profiledpipes are not used as water, heating or transportation systems.
AND they are often made of metal fences, furniture, fences or frames for equipment. Therefore, the plug for the profile pipe 80 × 80 mm is primarily estimated by its dimensions and shape, and then by all other factors. Spherical plugs in shape on the pipes are absolutely not suitable, rectangular or square are needed.
It is also desirable to follow from the principle that the material of the selected element must be combined with the material of the pipeline or at least not conflict with it. For example, a plug for a plastic-plastic pipe from plastic will last longer, and it's much easier to mount it.
However, this rule has a number of exceptions. The metal-plastic main can transport hot water, and with such a carrier, the polyethylene samples can not interact in a qualitative manner. In this situation, you have to think about how to connect metal-plastic pipes and spherical rubber or metal parts.
In the end, you can even block the hole yourself, because you can make a simple stub yourself. Such a construction is an ispuse the mounting foam and ordinary silicone sealant in two layers. The use of dense wood and resin is considered more traditional and even a grandfather's method.
When repairing water supply networks, there are situations when some sections of the old pipeline remain completely unoccupied and need reliable locking. Learn how to muffle the pipe by examining the material in this article.
Ways of blocking
The simplest and most reliable way to seal the pipes is to thread preparation at their end and the installation of a suitable plug with a diameter. Some house masters advise in such a situation to use a metal bolt of the appropriate size, which is hammered into the hole, and then it is welded around the circumference of the pipe. However, the use of these techniques is possible only in the case of a satisfactory state of the end part of the metal pipe.
In the event that the status of the blocked area is estimated as "dilapidated" - you will not be able to use the options listed above. In this situation, a proven "grandfather" method is used, which involves plugging a wooden plug of the appropriate size into the pipe hole (the so-called "chop").
This "plug" is recommended to be made of waterproof wood, which is treated with resin to protect it from decay. After some time after plugging into the pipe, the chop swells and reliably blocks the hole from leaks. As for plastic pipes, the wooden plugs for their plugs are not recommended.
Sealing of plastic pipes
Immediately note that there are two types of sealing plastic pipes: a constant and temporary. The choice of this or that blocking method is determined not only by the material of the pipe, but also by the condition of the entire pipeline as a whole.
Thus, temporary sealing is used when pipe access is difficult and involves the use of a special polypropylene plug with an internal thread. Before it is installed with a suitable size die on the plastic pipe, the external thread is cut.
Note! To permanently block the plastic channel, it is best to use a special welding device (soldering iron). The adhesion of elements in such a connection is carried out at the molecular level, which provides it with the necessary strength. Note also that with the help of a soldering device you can fix on the pipe and an ordinary plastic plug.
Materials and Tools
In order to work on blocking water pipes of any kind, you will need the following tools and supplies:
- a hacksaw for metal or the so-called "Bulgarian";
- file (rasp) for removing burr pipes from the ends;
- sharp mounting knife;
- threading device (if necessary);
- plugs and threaded plugs used for temporary and permanent blocking of pipes;
- silicate adhesive (sealant);
- welding device with a set of nozzles or a construction hair dryer (for sealing plastic pipes).
In conclusion, we note that the work on blocking the end holes of pipes, as a rule, does not require the performer special skill. At the same time, practically the whole working tool (with a few exceptions) is always available in any household.
Pipe plugs can be used for a wide variety of purposes. Most often they are used for the safe transportation of pipes, to prevent leaks, and also as decorative elements. What are the stubs and how to pick up a device that meets certain requirements, read on.
Choice of stubs
The choice of plugs should be based on several factors:
- the form of a fitting;
- selection of the material from which the plug is made;
- rules of application.
What types of stubs exist
First of all, the classification of plugs is carried out according to the material from which the devices can be made. The following materials are used:
- Metal. The most popular are stubs made of steel and brass. The metal plug for pipes is strong enough, therefore it can be used for gas, and sewer pipes. The only drawback is the susceptibility to corrosion.
- Plastic and polyethylene. Such fittings are not subject to corrosion, but they can deform under the influence of high temperatures and sunlight. The plastic plug is not distinguished by its high cost, and can be used as an internal plug for pipes.
- Chromed metal. The plug from this material is the most expensive. It is practically non-corrosive. It is mainly used as a decorative element. For example, stubs on pipes for fence.
- Rubber. Rubber plugs for pipes are used for protecting pipelines from dirt and debris. As the holding elements, as a rule, they are not used, as they are very plastic and can not be fastened securely.
The area of application of the fitting depends on the material of manufacture.
By design features, all the plugs can be divided into four types:
- pneumatic plug. The device is installed by means of a pump that supplies air. During the air supply period, the plug increases and takes the form of a pipe, thereby reliably closing the passage of gases or liquids. The pneumatic fitting can be used as a plug on a water pipe to temporarily block the flow of liquid;
- elliptic plug - metal fitting, installed using welding. Can be used as a permanent plug on a sewer pipe in an unused pipeline;
- flange cap. The product can be made of metal or rubber. The fitting is fitted with bolts or special rivets, for which special openings are provided at the top of the plug. The fitting can be used as a casing stopper, as it is not only easy to install, but also dismantled at the right time.
In addition, there are:
- transport plugs necessary for the safety of pipes during transport. Priority is made of plastic;
- end plugs. The end plug for pipes can be made of any material. It is mainly used to prevent clogging of pipes and sections of unused pipelines.
The choice of the plug design must be based on the purpose of the product.
Rules for the selection of fittings
To correctly select a stub, you need to rely on many factors. The selection algorithm is as follows:
- The most important factor is the purpose of the pipe:
- the plug on the gas pipe should be as reliable as possible. For this purpose, elliptical fittings are predominantly used, since the threaded joint is considered less durable;
- for metal fittings and hot water systems, metal fittings are used. From the high temperature of the passing fluid, rubber and plastic products can deform, which significantly reduces the strength of the plug;
- for water supply systems, you can use threaded, and elliptical and flanged stubs, the main thing is that they are properly selected and installed.
- At the next stage, the choice of the cap should be based on its purpose:
- for temporary blocking, it is more appropriate to use flange and pneumatic plugs;
- it is recommended to use threaded and elliptical devices for a long pipeline restriction;
- the decorative plug on the pipe must match the design of the product.
- When choosing a plug, it is important to consider the material from which the pipe is made:
- a cap of a cast-iron pipe, as well as for any other, made of metal, must also be metallic;
- for plastic pipes, it is more appropriate to use plastic plugs if the pipes are not used for hot water supply.
- The last factor influencing the choice of fitting is the size and shape of the pipes:
- plugs for round pipes can be installed exclusively on tubes of circular cross-section;
- plugs per square tube and other forms of profile pipes are installed on the corresponding pipes. Rarely can be used for round tubes, but only as decorative elements;
- each plug must fully correspond to the dimensions of the pipe.
If you follow the above rules, then the choice of the stub will not be difficult.
In some cases, you can not purchase stubs, but make them yourself. For example, plugs for profile pipes can be made with your own hands from a regular sheet of metal, making a cut of the same size and section. Homemade plugs are installed by welding.
Installation of plugs
Now consider how to put a plug on the pipe. In most cases, this operation does not cause difficulties even for people who do not have special knowledge.
Outer plug for pipes is installed based on its design features. When installing fittings, the following rules must be observed:
- to seal the threaded joints, it is advisable to use a sealing material. For example, for water pipes optimal fum-tape;
- when installing a pneumatic plug, compliance with safety regulations and control of the amount of incoming air are required. Otherwise, the device may "burst";
- if an elliptical plug is mounted, the fittings installer must know the simplest welding methods and strictly observe the safety procedure when working with the welding machine;
- for flange plugs, the fixing bolts must exactly match the dimensions of the prepared holes. Otherwise, the stub will not perform its function.
On the selection and installation of stubs on the example of fence pipes can be viewed on video.
Removing stubs
To remove temporary stubs, you must:
- prepare all the elements necessary for the reconstruction or extension of the pipeline;
- stop supplying water or gas to the pipeline;
- if a flanged or threaded plug is installed, it is simply unscrewed using locksmith tools;
- the elliptical plug is cut by the Bulgarian;
- the pneumatic plug is simply blown away.
Pipe plugs are widely used for transporting and temporarily limiting the ability of the pipeline. Each fitting must be exactly matched to its size and purpose. Installation and removal of plugs is carried out in strict compliance with the rules and safety regulations. Also the limiter can be made independently from improvised means.