For each facade, insulation is a mandatory procedure that allows you to keep warm in the house and provide it with an aesthetic appearance. And in order to solve this problem, there is no need to resort to the services of specialists - everything can be done independently. The main thing is not to make a mistake with the materials, to know what operations need to be performed and in what sequence.
To date, there are various methods for carrying out work on the insulation of facades of houses. And the most popular options will be discussed below.
Thermal insulation materials
When conducting external and internal insulation most often, the choice is stopped on materials such as mineral wool, polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam and liquid insulation.
mineral wool
The main advantages of mineral wool are low price, availability, as well as the absence of problems in use. It should also be mentioned about the excellent properties of heat and sound insulation. A serious threat to this insulation is moisture, contact with which deprives the material of its properties. For this reason, mineral wool should be used in combination with high-quality waterproofing.
Styrofoam
Quite often, polystyrene foam is used during facade insulation. He managed to win high popularity due to ease of processing, resistance to decay, and lightness. This insulator can be used for bonding with other building materials.
polyurethane foam
According to its technology, this material is a sprayable insulator, when using which a thin dense layer appears on the surface, not containing a single seam. Among the advantages inherent in this insulation, one should highlight the ability to retain heat, resistance to combustion, and moisture resistance. At the same time, it is not without its drawbacks, which include the high price and difficulties with laying, which can only be done with special equipment.
liquid insulation
High quality when insulating the facade is also able to provide liquid insulation (“thermal paint”). Its peculiarity lies in the presence of radiation, in the form of which heat is distributed. In terms of efficiency, it is superior to other materials. When working with paint, there are no difficulties, the process of applying it takes a minimum of time and does not require much effort.
Isolation methods
When executing the facade, you can choose one of the existing methods:
- internal;
- external;
- by creating a structure in the thickness of the wall.
And most often resort to external insulation. The reason for this is that this method is very efficient. The fact is that it does not allow external factors to harm the structures of the building. Therefore, they are not afraid of cold, and the formation of condensate in the inner layers is also excluded. In addition, this material has excellent sound insulation properties and a long service life.
All currently known facade insulation systems can be classified into three types:
- light plaster;
- heavy;
- based on well masonry with a three-layer system.
Light plaster systems
The base is an insulating plate, for fixing which dowels, glue are used on the wall, after which they are covered with a layer of plaster. The entire structure must have a thickness of no more than 16 mm. To obtain a high-quality result, the plaster should be distributed evenly.
heavy systems
Anchors are used as fasteners, on which the reinforcing mesh is fixed. As a result, the total thickness can reach 52 mm. The use of a steel mesh, which acts as a carrier, does not allow thermal effects on the layers.
well masonry
A feature of such a system is that the thickness of the enclosing structures acts as the location of the insulator. The essence of the method consists in laying a heater on the load-bearing wall, when calculating the thickness of which, the need to provide protection from the cold is taken into account.
Styrofoam has become widespread in the insulation of facades not only due to affordability, but also because of the efficiency and ease of use, in which no one can compare with it. The use of this material allows you to protect the building from the negative effects of atmospheric humidity, temperature fluctuations. Walls insulated by this method are characterized by temperature inertia, in other words, heat does not leave the house even when heating appliances dormant.
Comprehensive wall preparation
The insulation of the facade of the house should begin with the preparation of the surface. In the case of laying new insulation, it will be necessary to clean the facade of the old plaster. You also need to get rid of any dirt and various defects. Then the surface is covered with a layer of primer or plaster.
Fixing profile installation
- vertical;
- horizontal;
- combined.
Although the costs for the first method are minimal, however, half-timbered houses have to experience a large load due to torsion and bending. Therefore, only relatively light material can be used for finishing.
With the vertical method, the weight of the facing material is less important, however, when laying it, it is necessary to use brackets of increased strength.
The third method is the most preferable due to the lack of difficulties in its implementation. To do this, horizontal guides are installed to the main wall, and bearing vertical ones are already attached to them.
Coating foam with adhesive
If the wall surface is not uneven, the adhesive should be applied to the foam evenly using a notched trowel. In the presence of defects it is necessary to use pendulums. During operation, the wall is covered with adhesive, taking it in small quantities and placing it close enough to each other.
Installation of insulation sheets
When installing the insulator plates, it is important to ensure that they are in a horizontal position. The starting point is chosen from below, step by step moving up. Particular attention should be paid to ensuring that the material lies evenly and to clean the plates from residues. adhesive mixture. It is important to ensure that the foam fits snugly to avoid large gaps.
doweling
The process of fastening with dowels consists of two stages:
Installation of reinforcing elements
Mechanical influences and environmental factors can have a negative impact on the properties of the foam. It is protection from them that the reinforcing layer will provide. First, the corners are aligned, after which glue is applied to the insulator with a layer of 0.2 cm. The operation is completed by immersing the reinforcing mesh in the glue, which can be made of aluminum or fiberglass, and leveling the surface.
Decorative plastering
In order to comply with the technology of facade insulation with foam plastic, at the last stage it is covered with decorative plaster. For quality performance this operation, it is necessary to maintain the optimal thickness of the finishing layer.
The first step is to prepare the walls. If the facade of the house is made of wood, then on it apply an antiseptic. For brick and concrete surfaces removal of old paint and plaster is mandatory. Mineral wool can only be laid on dry walls.
When the wall surface is ready, a vapor barrier membrane is laid on it. The operation is overlapped so that the vapor-permeable part is facing the wall of the house. Tape is used to seal the seams.
At the next stage, they begin to install the frame, the internal space of which will be filled with insulation. Most often, wooden slats or a metal profile are used for the frame. To install the crate to the wall, use self-tapping screws or dowel-nails. The strips should be placed in increments that should be a few centimeters less than the width of the insulator used.
Further frame space fill with heat insulator. Using roll materials they need to be placed on top. If you have to work with plates, then the installation is carried out from below. To fix the insulation, you can use dowels or simply fix it all the way between the planks.
When the insulation takes its place, a waterproofing layer is laid on it. To do this, use a vapor-permeable film. Then moisture will not accumulate inside. Installation of waterproofing to the rails is carried out using a stapler. This must be done carefully, not allowing it to be overstretched.
Having finished laying the waterproofing, it is necessary to strengthen the created structure using dowels with wide caps for this purpose. Damaged areas should be sealed with tape.
At the last stage of work, it is necessary to create a ventilated facade. It is necessary to take the crate and fix the slats to it, after which they proceed to install the finishing material on them.
Thermal insulation with polyurethane foam
The use of polyurethane foam also allows you to perform high-quality insulation of the facade of the house. Moreover, this design begins to give off less heat and at the same time will protected from moisture. This material is versatile in terms of its application. With it, you can carefully close up any cracks, resulting in a durable monolithic layer that perfectly retains heat and protects against external noise.
Thermal panels
If it is necessary to perform facade insulation country house, then it is most reasonable to use thermal panels, which simplify this process and reduce implementation costs. The place of their installation can be a special crate or a building wall. Due to their low weight, it does not take much effort to attach such panels. In addition, the joints between them are difficult to immediately notice. Such a solution provides reliable protection of the building from moisture, wind and cold.
Wet insulation method
It is also possible to carry out the insulation of the facade of a private house using the wet method, the essence of which boils down to the use of special plaster. The latter not only reduces heat loss, but also gives the building more aesthetic appearance.
However, this method has a minus: such insulation can only be carried out at a certain temperature. Frost or heat is not the right time for such work.
Summing up
If the facade is insulated in compliance with the technology, this leads to a noticeable reduction in heating costs (45-55%), makes the building more attractive, provides a longer period of operation, and helps maintain a cozy and comfortable atmosphere in the house. This procedure does not lose its relevance for apartment buildings, where it is possible to observe an improvement in sound insulation properties.
Warming brick house outside modern methods has a number of advantages that come down directly to the insulation of the building, changing its appearance and saving on heating. In addition, with the help of modern materials, the work can be done independently and even without experience in construction. Before starting the process, it is necessary to familiarize yourself with both the insulation technology and the question, which insulation is better for the walls of a brick house?
The choice of insulation
If there is a question of choosing thermal insulation, you first need to decide where the walls of the brick house will be insulated - from the outside or from the inside? To make the choice easier, you should listen to the opinion of experts who advise insulating brick walls from the outside, thereby protecting the building from freezing and increasing its service life. Carrying out thermal insulation measures from the inside of the premises will lead to the fact that weather conditions will have a negative impact on the walls, plus the usable area of \u200b\u200bhousing will decrease.
To understand what is better to use for insulation brickwork, it is necessary to take into account some characteristics of the materials. First, attention should be paid to the indicators of strength and thermal conductivity, on which depends how much weight and what thickness the material will have. Answer questions about how to insulate brick house outside, what thermal insulation will be optimal, is possible only with an integrated approach to solving the problem. The procedure involves the insulation of the structure as a whole: roof, foundation, walls, floor.
Where to start warming?
External insulation should begin with clarification of such nuances:
- type of brick used in construction;
- type of brickwork;
- the better to insulate a brick house from the outside in a particular situation.
In addition, you will need to prepare some tools:
- drill;
- putty knife;
- saw;
- roulette;
- a hammer.
To figure out how to properly insulate a brick house from the outside, you first need to find out what is the difference between this wall material compared to wood or concrete? First of all, you need to know that a brick can be solid and hollow, on which the thermal conductivity of the wall depends. In addition, brick laying can be made with a continuous seam or with an air gap. These factors affect the choice of both the insulation itself and its thickness. For example, if the wall was built with solid masonry, then it is better to insulate it on both sides. The insulation layer is selected in accordance with the thickness of the wall: the thicker the structure, the smaller the thermal insulation layer will be needed.
Insulation can be placed between brickwork with a well construction method, i.e. inside a wall consisting of 2 independent walls. To give the structure strength, the walls are connected to each other by horizontal brick bridges. The resulting voids are filled with insulation, as a result of which brickwork with insulation comes out. It is worth noting that when building a house from foam or aerated concrete blocks, many use brick as a finish, while leaving a gap between the block and the brick, which serves as an additional heat-insulating layer.
Application of foam plastic PSB-S 100 mm thick
What materials are used for insulation?
Mineral wool is one of the common heaters, which is characterized by good thermal insulation, but has a significant drawback: a high rate of moisture absorption. In this case, it is recommended to protect the wool with hydro- and vapor barrier.
Fiberglass is a good thermal insulator. The material is resistant to high temperatures and does not rot. Mineral wool can be used not only to insulate the outer walls of a brick house, but also to insulate a chimney in a boiler room or bathhouse.
Cellulose wool is mainly used for internal works. material good performance, except for a high degree of moisture absorption and low resistance to mechanical stress. Note that this heat insulator is environmentally friendly.
A good option for insulating brick walls from the outside or from the inside is polyurethane foam, which is resistant to mold and does not rot. The material can be used without any problems when insulating a brick house with your own hands.
Such insulation as expanded polystyrene (polystyrene) is also widely used, which is characterized by low cost and high thermal insulation performance. It should be borne in mind that the material does not absorb moisture, but at the same time it is endowed with high flammability. AT residential buildings it is not recommended to use it, however, often the internal insulation of brick walls is carried out with foam plastic.
Extruded polystyrene foam has similar characteristics. Of the positive features, it is worth highlighting the low vapor throughput and high strength index. The characteristics of the material are maintained even at high humidity levels. It can be used not only for insulating a brick house from the inside or outside, but also for the construction of an insulated blind area, since this design has a longer service life.
Insulation of the house from the outside
Insulation of a brick facade can be performed using different materials. The most affordable include polystyrene and mineral wool, which can be installed independently. Even in the absence of experience, the installation of foam does not cause problems. To begin installation, a flat rail is installed at the bottom of the wall, which will serve as a level. The insulation is fixed with the help of building glue-cement, which is evenly applied to the surface of the material, stepping back a few centimeters from the edges. After that, the sheets are pressed against the wall with their hands and, tapping with a rubber mallet, distribute the solution for better adhesion to the base.
When the insulation is fixed, holes are drilled in the center of the sheet and in the corners, while the solution does not solidify. Special fasteners are inserted into the holes obtained, into which a nail is hammered or screwed. Further insulation of the wall from the outside involves fixing a plastic mesh over the foam, followed by applying a layer of cement-based mortar to protect the material from sunlight. Basically, on top of the foam, the house is trimmed with siding.
Warming with mineral wool
An example of the use of basalt wool
Insulation of the facade of a brick house mineral wool different from the installation of polystyrene foam. First you need to measure the size of the insulation sheets, on which the crate will be installed. At the bottom of the wall, a metal cornice is fastened with dowels, which will allow the material to be laid evenly. When installing thermal insulation yourself, you need to take into account that the width of the sheet should be 2-3 cm larger than the crate. This is necessary to eliminate gaps and cracks. Bars with a section of at least 30 * 50 mm are used as crates. When the installation of the frame is completed, a special adhesive is applied to the back of the insulation. The fastening of mineral wool starts from the bottom up, while slightly pressing the material against the wall. To keep the cotton wool more secure, use umbrella-type dowels.
To avoid discrepancies of the plates during the installation process, they must be nailed carefully. To protect the building from wind and moisture layer external thermal insulation covered with foil. Then another crate is mounted, on which the siding will be attached. This type of finish will not only improve the appearance of the house, but also give it additional protection. Since the plates are lightweight, fixing the insulation to a brick wall is not a laborious process.
Insulation with polyurethane foam
Application of polyurethane foam
If you decide to insulate the facade of a brick house with polyurethane foam, then it is better to entrust the work to specialists. It is possible to insulate walls with this material only with special equipment, and the process itself has nuances that are known only to professionals. Insulation with polyurethane foam is similar to thermal insulation with mineral wool. Installation of the material provides for the arrangement of the frame and the organization of protection from the wind. A heat insulator is poured into the prepared frame between the wall and the film.
Polyurethane foam is widely used as a roofing insulation. Spraying is carried out using special equipment by applying the material in several layers. Each layer has a thickness of 2 cm, while the total thickness can be 8 cm. When the application of polyurethane foam is completed, then proceed to exterior finish. For this, a wide range of materials is offered. By the way, the heater can be used indoors. From the above, it becomes clear how to insulate a brick wall from the outside, and what materials can be used for these purposes.
Thermal insulation of the house from the inside
As a rule, housing is insulated inside if it is impossible to do this from the outside. When deciding how to insulate a brick wall from the inside, you should first pay attention to polystyrene foam and mineral wool, which are characterized by affordable cost and simple installation. In addition to these heat insulators, you can insulate the house from the inside with your own hands, using warm plaster or extruded polystyrene foam. Today, many who are faced with the question of how to insulate the brick walls of a house from the inside prefer warm plaster because of its resistance to high temperatures, low moisture absorption and good vapor permeability. In addition, before insulating a brick house from the inside, the walls are plastered and treated with agents against fungal formations and mold.
An important point is the device in the house of ventilation. It is also worth deciding for what purpose it is necessary to insulate the brick walls from the inside, because the building can be used as year-round housing or for temporary stay. These factors will determine which heat insulator is preferable. If insulation brick wall from the inside it is carried out with mineral wool, then you definitely need to take care of the installation of a vapor barrier layer. In addition, at the end of the installation, the insulation is sewn up with drywall, clapboard or other materials.
How to insulate a brick house from the inside with mineral wool? The procedure consists of the following steps:
- A vapor barrier is attached to the wall, the joints are glued with adhesive tape.
- exhibited metal carcass from profile. The thickness of the frame, as well as the distance between the longitudinal profiles, should be slightly less than the thickness of the wool.
- The space in the frame is filled with insulation, which is laid as tightly as possible, but at the same time it cannot be tamped too much.
- A vapor barrier is attached on top of the cotton wool, the joints are glued.
- Drywall is installed, after which subsequent finishing is performed.
If the question is how to insulate a brick wall from the inside with foam, then the technology in this case is similar to installing the material from the outside. Regardless of the method of insulation, be it external or external, this process is extremely necessary. Even with good heating poor-quality thermal insulation of the walls will minimize all the efforts of the owners to make the house warm. Insulation of the outer walls of a brick house (or housing built from other material) is a guarantee of heat inside the room. Therefore, you need to approach the insulation of your home very responsibly, because your comfort and coziness depend on it. By the way, in addition to the external processing of the walls, you can pay attention to such an issue as the insulation of a brick house from the inside - the better the room is protected from the cold, the better.
All owners of brick houses face the question of their insulation from the outside. Brick is one of the most popular materials for the walls of private houses. Houses made of this material can be found almost everywhere.
Many homeowners choose to insulate their brick homes from the outside as it saves energy. It should be noted that in the conditions of current prices for it, this is indeed a very useful solution.
Thermal insulation of brick walls. Specificity
You should deal with the specifics of brick walls. Wooden or concrete walls are quite simple when compared to walls made of bricks. Architectural elements made of this material have their own characteristics, which should be paid attention to.
First, brick, as a material, can be of two types. Each type of this material forms a certain thermal conductivity of the wall:
- hollow;
- full-bodied.
Also, thermal insulation depends on the type of masonry, which can also be of two types:
- solid;
- well (masonry with an air pocket).
The question may arise, which is why thermal insulation depends on the above factors. The answer is pretty simple. The fact is that in different cases, when using different types brick and different types of masonry, the thickness of the walls is not the same. From this comes the dependence of thermal insulation on these factors.
The choice of insulation method
People who decide to insulate their brick house must first decide on the method of insulation. There are two ways: outside and inside. To make a choice, you should carefully read the advantages and disadvantages of both.
Most specialists insist on insulating such houses from the outside. This method of insulation is able to save specifications insulation, as well as create all the necessary conditions. Insulation from the inside is considered worse, since in this case the wall will remain outside the insulation. This can lead to freezing of the entire brickwork, as well as to a violation of the vapor barrier. In addition, it should be remembered that when the walls are insulated from the inside, the interior space of the rooms will certainly decrease. Also, if you use this method of insulation, then you have to cover the insulation.
It should be mentioned that the operation of the insulation from the inside depends on the temperature factor. This means that even with a slight frost, freezing of a brick wall can be observed, which will negatively affect the insulation. The resulting frost can significantly spoil all the thermal insulation properties of the insulation. In this case, all the efforts of the owner of a brick house, who carried out its insulation, can be minimized.
Not only negative temperatures can adversely affect the properties of insulation from the inside. The fact is that in the presence of a positive temperature, the insulation of the wall can be affected condensate, which is formed between the walls. Therefore, if the user decides to choose this particular method of insulation, then he must definitely take care to create a ventilation system and a vapor barrier. This will allow moist air to escape. In principle, many agree that insulation from the inside should be carried out only if it is not possible to produce it from the outside. Residents of apartment buildings are faced with this.
Warming outside is more in a simple way. If the user chooses this particular method, he will immediately feel all the advantages that are associated with external insulation, since it allows you to create all the necessary temperature conditions in the house, and also contributes to the formation of a certain thermal envelope. It should be taken into account the fact that when insulating from the outside, heat will not escape through the walls, as they will be insulated, which will help retain heat inside the room.
The choice of insulation
After choosing the method of insulation, you should choose the material itself, which will be used later. When choosing a material, be guided by certain parameters. It should be remembered that not every existing material can be suitable for insulation from the outside, and a certain type of material is also suitable for insulation from the inside.
Be sure to pay attention to such properties of the material as its thermal conductivity and density. This should be known in order to determine the amount of material that will subsequently be used for insulation. Due to the fact that each material has its own density, as well as different thermal conductivity indicators, the optimal amount of insulation cannot be the same for all materials.
You should also look at another very important parameter, which is the resistance of the material to external influences. This indicator is very important if insulation is carried out from the outside. For internal insulation, attention should be paid to materials that will subsequently not be susceptible to mold.
Coefficient of thermal conductivity is an extremely important parameter that should be followed when choosing a heater. There is a certain proportion, which lies in the fact that the lower this coefficient, the smaller the thickness of the insulation will subsequently be. It is also necessary to take into account the moisture absorption coefficient, which characterizes the material in terms of its absorption of moisture. The lower this indicator, the better the material is considered.
In order to ensure subsequent safety, you need to look at the flammability class of each material. You should choose materials that belong to the first class of combustibility, since it is these heaters that are able to stop burning without a source of fire.
We must not forget about the durability of the material used in the insulation. This indicator is very important, since the duration of the life of the insulation depends on it. Steam capacity is also the parameter of the material to which you should pay attention. True, it is important mainly for internal insulation, since a material with a high vapor permeability will allow the walls to pass humid air, which significantly increases the comfort of being in a room heated in this way.
There are other parameters, but they are not as important as those mentioned above. You can also specify the sound insulation indicator, but not everyone pays attention to it. In favor of a material with high sound insulation, it can be indicated that when it is used in insulation, the user will be able to save on separate sound insulation at home.
Materials for insulation
Now you should go directly to the list of materials that are used to insulate brick houses. They are different in their qualities, but all are able to ensure the preservation of heat in the house.
At the moment, there are a huge number of materials used for insulation on the market. Available natural materials and artificial. H Below is a list of the most popular items:
So, the most popular materials used to insulate brick houses were considered. Now you can divide them into those that can be used for insulation from the inside, and those that are used for external insulation. This will help the user to quickly understand the choice of the appropriate material.
In order to insulate the walls from the inside, the following materials are suitable: cork, warm plaster, foam plastic, stone wool, extruded expanded polystyrene and mineral wool. They have all the necessary qualities that are important for internal wall insulation.
If it is required to insulate the outside, then the following materials can be used: warm plaster, mineral wool, polystyrene foam and extruded polystyrene foam. These materials combine the qualities that were mentioned above and which are suitable for insulating walls from the outside.
Conclusion
Insulation of a brick house - very important point. It is better to insulate the house from the outside, as this is a more convenient and simple way, which, for all its simplicity, can ensure heat retention indoors.
Before insulating a brick house from the outside, the user must definitely decide on the appropriate material, focusing on the qualities of each of them.