Organization of convector heating
Modern private homes are high-tech complexes, often performing the functions of supporting a comfortable climate fully automated. The use of electric heating in this plan is the cheapest option at the installation / installation stage. If you are only designing a private house with electric heating, it is enough only to provide an electrical cable of the appropriate cross-section to meet all the requirements of modern heating appliances.
To calculate the total load in the heating season, you should expect that for a comfortable climate on peaks you will need to spend 1 kW / h for every 10 square meters of area. That is, such a load will not always be, but only in conditions of severe frosts. The rest of the time the on / off cycles depend very much on such factors:
- Thermal insulation of a private house
- Preferred indoor temperature
- The use of systems to turn off electric heating during the absence of people in the house
And if the first point, albeit one of the most important, does not directly affect electric heating, then the temperature and regimes are the topic that should be discussed in more detail.
Temperature inside
Depending on what type of electric heating for your house you have chosen, there are different approaches to the organization of the temperature regime.
Convector
Convectors of different sizes and capacities from Noirot
Most wall convectors are equipped with built-in temperature sensors, allowing each instrument to be adjusted individually to the desired values. Cold air passes through the bottom of the heater, where the temperature sensor is located. At the same time one of the negative sides of the convector is manifested - a high temperature zone is created high under the ceiling, and below, the air remains cold. Those. for comfort it is necessary to use additional ceiling fans, which will distribute warm air throughout the room.
The temperature is exhibited by an experimental test and its accuracy is very large. the sensors of wall convectors have a very large error, and the thermostat also has a very conditional gradation
Quartz heaters
Quartz heater fits perfectly into the interior
If we consider only electric heating, then this is the most acceptable option for a private house. The temperature in the room is regulated by an additional system, which is rarely included in the delivery of the heating elements themselves. The temperature sensor is installed separately, in a place where there is no furniture installation and is not planned, at a height convenient for reading the information, and the adjustment is usually about 80-100 cm from the floor.
Electric Boilers
Electric boiler
A cheaper option for heating a private house, rather than using modern heaters. Has a whole heap of flaws, including in terms of temperature adjustment. Because The electric boiler, as a rule, is one for the whole house, then the temperature produced by it is distributed along the entire length of the heating main in the house, and this is not always necessary and the adjustment takes place by partially closing the valve in separate rooms. Neither of which automation for acceptable money in this case, the conversation does not even go. Everything is done manually, depending on the air temperature "overboard" and the quality of the supplied electricity.
Infrared heaters
Infrared heater on a tripod
Depending on the model, they can contain both built-in and remote temperature sensors, remote controls and other useful and not very "lotions", but these are not devices that are used for heating on an ongoing basis. Rather, they are means for local heating of individual rooms or even a part of these premises, therefore it is not necessary to consider them as possible devices for permanent use as an electric heating for a private house.
To the same local heaters are also fan heaters, also often having built-in thermal sensors and regulators.
Underfloor heating system
Warm floor - a source of comfort
It also provides a flexible temperature control using a connected temperature regulator and a sensor that is installed in a convenient location. Undeniable advantage is the flexibility of setting this system. Manufacturers equip their thermostats with timers, remote controls and remote control.
What is more effective?
Choosing an electric heating system for a private house should be based on several principles:
- Transportation of electricity is always cheaper than heat
- Not all rooms and objects need to be heated
- Proper placement of heaters will help you make the most efficient use of every kilowatt of electricity spent
Now more.
Transportation of electricity or heat
In order to heat the room, it is possible to transport heat from the boiler or electricity into it. If in the foreseeable future you plan to put gas in your private house or equip it for a different, more economical type of fuel, you really can spend the resources and resources to lay pipes around the house and feed the radiators or registers from the electric boiler, but only as temporary means.
If you are set to heat only with electricity, it is much cheaper to conduct the wiring of the appropriate section to the location of the heating devices, in this case, of course, convectors or quartz panels. When transporting electricity, you do not lose so much energy for heating pipes, piers and still not clear what.
Heating only the right premises
Not all rooms in the house need heating, many rooms need heating all day, and different rooms require different temperatures. The possibility of adjustment with the help of temperature sensors and thermostats make the electric heating of the private house the most flexibly adjustable system. In contrast to the same systems for gas or solid fuel heating, such thermostats are much cheaper, Relay for switching off electricity is always cheaper than a mechanism for regulating the flow of water or shutting off the flow of gas.
Competent adjustment of the system of temperature controllers with the use of time planning capabilities, when and where you need heating, and where not, will save up to 50% of electricity on heating.
Correct placement of heating devices
The electric convector is better than the window below the window
When it comes to convectors, the general advice is to install under the window. This creates a "heat curtain" that does not allow cold air to penetrate further into the room and the efficiency of the convector in this case becomes maximum, but it should also be noted that in order to obtain the greatest effect from the convector, it is also necessary to equip the room with a ceiling fan that will "expel" the hot air from under the ceiling of the room.
How heat is distributed from quartz panels
Quartz heaters achieve their maximum efficiency when positioned opposite each other, because radiate heat not upward, but forward in the form of a cone, leaving areas to the right and left around itself without heating. If these heaters "look" at each other, then this defect is completely leveled.
How to place infrared heaters correctly
Infrared heatersachieve their highest efficiency at a high location, higher than the height of a person, because in this case, what is below it is heated. Those. for maximum efficiency it should be located not at the ceiling, but at the lowest possible maximum height. What is higher is not heated, which means that extra energy is not wasted.
The most modern, comfortable and efficient electric heating, in my opinion, is a variant of infrared heating, such as ceiling low-temperature film electric heaters (abbreviated PLEN). As a matter of fact it is a heating film with an operating temperature of a surface of 40-45 degrees on which the long-wave infra-red radiation necessary to all living organisms proceeds. Plen, as a rule, is mounted on the draft ceiling, having covered this ceiling with foil-insulated thermal insulation of the type "Ekofol", "Izolon", "Penofol" and the like. This is the so-called distributed infrared heating, in which the power needed for heating is not concentrated in one place, but is maximally distributed over the area of the room. This allows you to achieve the maximum uniform warm-up of the room and as a result of high comfort!
After plugging the power supply, you can close the final decorative finishing (GKL, lining, stretch ceiling). When you turn on the system from the PLEN begins to emit a soft heat, which is able to penetrate through the finish coating the ceiling and reach the floor and walls of the house, causing their heating. That is, with such heating your floor will always be warm, and the walls never damp, which is especially true for wooden houses.
The system is controlled by air thermostats that turn off the power supply after reaching the desired temperature in each separate room and turn it on as soon as the temperature drops 1-2 degrees below the desired temperature. This achieves a tangible economic effect, because in fact such heating spends energy just enough to maintain a comfortable temperature, compensating for the heat loss of your house through its enclosing structures.
Such a system has a very low inertia, that is, it does not spend energy on heating the coolant, since it does not need a coolant. The house, on the other hand, serves as a heat accumulator for such heating: walls, floor, furniture and other objects in the house, having accumulated heat from the PLEN, slowly give it air.
After initial warm-up, the average power consumption is 15-20 W / h per 1 sq. M. meter of heated area. In the warm months it will be lower, for example 5 W / h per 1 sq. Km. meter, and in the coldest above (up to 30-40 W / h per 1 square meter). This directly depends on the quality of the insulation of the house and the temperature difference inside the house and on the street.
Additional advantages of such heating:
- The house will not have pipes and batteries sticking out of the walls.
- There will not be a potentially fire-hazardous boiler.
- Do not waste time, nerves and money to agree with the Ministry of Emergency of the boiler house project.
- Fire safety: there are no high temperatures (PLEN warm to the touch)!
- There is no danger of leaks or defrosting (there is no coolant).
- The most uniform heating of the entire room in height.
- The ceiling does not accumulate overheated air.
- There is no convection and as a consequence, the content of dust in the air is significantly reduced.
- Quick and uncomplicated installation without capital works.
- The service life is almost unlimited (there is simply nothing to break into PLEN).
- Naturally the floor is warm and the walls are dry.
- Possibility of remote control of heating via smartphone or computer.
Without electricity, it is impossible to imagine the existence of man. Electricity is used not only for lighting houses, cooking, but also for heating the house. And, for a number of indicators, electro-heating on the head outstrips the traditional centralized heating systems.
Reasons for the popularity of electric heating
The reasons for which a person stops his choice on electricity may be several:
- in private construction quite often nearby there is simply no centralized heating, and with gasification there can be problems. With power supply, such problems should not arise - electricity is even in small towns, not to mention the cities;
- the price of electric heating is much less. In the long term, the cost of heating the house, for example, with gas may be lower, but the cost of equipment is minimal for the electrical option;
- heating devices, working on electricity, are very diverse. So it will not be difficult to choose an option that fits perfectly into the interior of the room;
- in operation such systems are much simpler.
In this barrel of honey there is a small spoon of tar - increased requirements for wiring, and the load on it depends heavily on the area of the house and the type of equipment used.
Note! If the house wiring was laid without taking into account the connection of electric heating appliances, then it is guaranteed to be changed.
In general, when designing a wiring for electric heating in a private house, one should adhere to such recommendations:
- 15A of maximum current must be wired with a minimum cross-section of 1 mm 2;
Note! This is the minimum allowable value at which the wiring is likely to heat up a lot. To prevent this from happening, when choosing the cross-sectional area of the wire, it is necessary to start from a ratio of 8 A / 1 mm 2.
- in some cases it may be advisable to make a separate input into the house, this is advisable when using powerful electric boilers. For example, for a house with an area of approximately 240-280 m 2, a rather powerful boiler will be needed that will require special attention to the wiring, in particular, the peak current in the calculations should be 64A and the voltage 380 V. It is more logical to make a separate entrance for such a "heavyweight" and the rest of the consumers (household appliances, lighting) will manage the usual wiring.
Types of electric heating
The phrase "home heating" most often causes in my head an association with dull metal radiators under the windows and eternal problems with discomfort in the apartment in frosty weather. Meanwhile, the use of electricity for heating is not limited to heating the water and circulating it along the heating circuit.
There are such types of electric heating:
- using ;
- with the help of electric convectors;
- infrared heaters;
- systems "warm floor".
Each of these options deserves a more detailed study.
Electric Boilers
In fact, such a heating system is not much different from the usual centralized heating. The main difference is that the energy source is in the house, so the coolant temperature can be regulated in a wide range. This heating is more economical than centralized.
On the other hand, such a system inherent in all the shortcomings of the water heating system:
- it will be necessary to carry out wiring of pipes around the house, and without installing radiators under the windows you can not do;
- the boiler itself is not so little;
- the system itself is rather inconvenient in installation and maintenance, the slope of the pipes must be carefully observed, and care should be taken to avoid the formation of air congestion. If the system is used for heating a country house, then in the winter the coolant will have to be drained, otherwise it will freeze and just break the pipeline.
Separately it is worth mentioning liquid heaters. In such devices, the coolant is distilled water or other liquid, and electricity heats it. to consider such devices is exclusively as a temporary measure for heating the room.
Electric convectors
You can choose an elegant wall-mounted or powerful floor convector, and if there is a deficit of free space, the heaters can be placed even below the floor level. At the same time, installation of special difficulties will not cause and will manage the work with your own hands.
As for the principle of operation, the convectors can be both liquid and air. When using water, it is heated by electricity, heat spreads over the entire area of the fins and warms the room.
To speed up the process, in many designs, the ribs are additionally blown. In air models, the metal is heated directly by electricity.
The main advantage of such devices can be considered simple installation. The maximum that may be needed - during the construction phase, provide a free space in the wall or floor for laying the convector pipes. As a rule, the instruction for installing a convector is limited by its connection to the network.
Warm floor
I have not heard of this system only lazy. The name is clear and the principle of action - the heat comes from the floor and warms up the entire room.
The key features of this type of electrical heating can be considered:
- complexity of installation - The heating elements are mounted directly on the floor;
- high efficiency - the temperature is almost the same at every point of the room.
As for the types of warm floor, then besides the usual (when in flooring heating elements are installed), it is possible to allocate also film. In the case of a film floor, a large sheet of metal foil, located a few millimeters from the floor surface, acts as a heater.
Infrared heaters
A classic example is a low-temperature wall / ceiling panel. A key feature of such devices can be considered that it is not the air that is heated, but the surface of all objects that receive infrared radiation.
Note! In this case, the composition of the air in the room does not change at all, as it does, for example, when using conventional fan heaters.
Infrared panels are most often used for zone heating. That is, infrared radiation is sent directly to the person and where it is located, creates a comfortable microclimate. In this case, the temperature in the rest of the room may be lower.
Summarizing
The use of electricity for home heating is a good alternative to centralized heating. In some cases, it can be the only acceptable option for heating. Before proceeding to the practical part, it is not superfluous to familiarize yourself with the types of electric heating, in this matter the material proposed in the article will help.
The video shows an example of a fairly economical autonomous electric heating.