During the construction of a multi-storey building, one of the main issues is the type of floor arrangement on the second floor. We will consider further how to calculate the correct load and how to make the floors of the second floor so that they have high performance characteristics.
Installing a wooden floor on the second floor is appropriate both in a wooden building and in a brick building. Wooden floors make the room cozy, harmless to health and emit beautiful light.
The technical parameters of the construction of a wooden floor on the second floor differ in the following floor requirements:
- it must have maximum rigidity, and at the same time have a minimum amount of deflection;
- when installing a wooden floor, all technological requirements should be observed and at the same time, the design should be simplified;
- the functional side assumes the stability of the floor against moisture, abrasion, durability and reliability of operation;
- the wooden floor must be hygienic, fireproof;
- must provide heat and sound insulation;
- a mandatory criterion is the presence of hydro and vapor barrier;
- full compliance of the bearing capacity with the operational load on the building.
The aesthetic aspect of the construction of a wooden floor implies an attractive appearance and compatibility with the general style of the room.
A certain type of load is assigned to the floor of the second floor, furniture, people living in rooms, heating devices etc.
We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the instructions for the construction of the floor on the second floor using wooden beams.
Among the varieties of wooden floors, there are only two of their options:
- lagged,
- bulk.
A floor built on the basis of beams implies a low cost, since these materials are less expensive than logs. In addition, the beams provide a high level of resistance to loads, which means that the floor will serve for a very long time.
The only drawback in the construction of a floor on beams is its low level of sound insulation. The beams are installed in the frame part of the building, and therefore the noise level increases several times.
Before starting work on the arrangement of the floor on the beams, it is necessary to accurately determine the number of beams that will be required in the process of performing the work. In addition, the interval between the beams to be laid should be correctly calculated.
There are two methods to help you do this:
- a computer program in which it is necessary to indicate the floor area and some parameters of the room;
- standard section size, which is 15x15 or 20x20 cm.
The most the best option a tree that is suitable for arranging the floor on the second floor is pine. The materials based on it are lightweight and durable at the same time.
To install a beam in a building made of brick and wood, it is done in different ways.
When arranging a brick building, special recesses are provided in advance, into which the timber will be installed. After installing the beam, the joints between it and the wall should be tightly sealed.
In addition, certain rules should be followed that are mandatory when working with wooden beams:
- before installation, the beams are treated with fireproof and antiseptic agents;
- do not use resin to cover the entire area of the beams, since the tree will not be able to pass air on its own, which means that condensation will accumulate on the floor;
- the distance between the load-bearing wall and the timber is a maximum of five centimeters.
To install beams in wooden house, you just need to cut down special cells in which the timber will be located. All the previous requirements regarding wood processing also apply.
Instructions for the construction of wooden floors on the second floor beams:
1. The first stage of work includes the installation of a subfloor from ordinary boards or bars. They should be adjusted to the size of the room or the entire floor. Pay attention to the evenness of the floor and the quality of the laying of the boards.
2. The next stage involves waterproofing the flooring; for this, modern roll materials... More in a simple way waterproofing, which does not require special investments, is the processing of the subfloor using a clay-sand mortar. A variant of laying roofing material is possible, the sheets of which should fit snugly to each other.
- the use of simple slag, poured into the interbeam areas;
- mineral wool;
- sawdust;
- Styrofoam;
- expanded clay.
The most effective and common type of insulation is rock wool, which is laid in such a way as to ensure a snug fit to the boards. This type of installation will help prevent the formation of cold bridges and increase the energy efficiency of not only the floor, but the entire building as a whole.
4. After installing the insulation, proceed to the next stage - the installation of the vapor barrier. This option is not always installed when installing a wooden floor. Although it is better to take care of the presence of additional vapor barrier, which, firstly, will become an additional layer separating the floor and mineral wool, and in the event of flooding or ingress of a small amount of water, prevent its contact with the insulation, and secondly, it will become an additional protective layer of wood floor.
5. The final stage is the installation of the main floor. There are two options for carrying out this process:
- flooring,
- installation of a lagged floor.
To improve the quality of the installed floor, before installing the flooring, special boards are mounted in the form of a log. With their help, an additional ventilation underground space is equipped, and the noise level in the room is significantly reduced.
The option of constructing a floating floor is possible, which is freely fixed in the walls and creates the effect of floating in space. Physically, this aspect is practically imperceptible, but it helps to significantly improve the sound insulation characteristics of the building.
Underfloor heating on the second floor: installation features
Before learning about the technology for installing a water-heated floor on the second floor, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with its advantages and disadvantages.
The advantages of installing a water-heated floor include:
- uniformity in floor heating throughout its entire area;
- invisibility of all heating components used in the process of underfloor heating;
- the ability to heat a large area, with minimal expenditure of money;
- attractive appearance.
The main disadvantages in installing a water heated floor are:
- difficulties of a constructive nature during the installation of a structure;
- the presence of a water pump;
- the occurrence of difficulties in regulating the floor temperature;
- surges in water pressure in the system;
- the possibility of a leak and the difficulty in finding it.
It is not recommended to use metal pipes when arranging a warm water floor, as they are susceptible to corrosion and have a short service life. It is better to resort to an alternative option in the form of polyethylene, polybutylene or metal-plastic pipes. The service life of pipes of this type reaches forty-five years or more.
There are two types of systems for arranging water floors:
1. Technology of a concrete nature - consists in the arrangement of pipes on the floor, which is covered from above with a layer of concrete. When using this method, more material, labor and time investments will be required. Since the preparation of the solution will require the presence of cement and sand, and it will take at least three weeks for the screed to dry.
2. A flat type of arrangement of a water floor involves its installation using ready-made components that do not require time to dry. Although this method is more expensive than the previous one. This method is divided into three subspecies: polystyrene system, modular installation, rack mounting.
It is the last option that is used in the process of arranging a warm floor on the second floor.
It implies the installation thermal insulation material in the interlag space. In this case, mineral wool or polystyrene is used as a heat insulator. In the process of laying boards, at least 2.8 cm thick, a groove space is left, up to two centimeters wide. In this space, the components of the warm floor will be placed in the form of aluminum plates and pipes. The final stage includes the installation of the sub-surface and the finishing of the floor.
Another important stage in the installation of a warm floor is the installation of a collector group, which is sold in any of the construction markets. After assembling the manifold cabinet, the supply and return pipes are installed. The main function of the first of the pipes is to provide the system with hot water, since it is connected to a boiler or hot water source. The second pipe is responsible for transporting cooled water to the place of its heating. Sediment is used to circulate this process.
Tip: When choosing a place to install the collector box, you should adhere to the center of the room and install it at the bottom of the wall. This procedure will ensure uniformity in underfloor heating.
Do not forget to install special valves on each of the pipes. They will help, if necessary, to stop the operation of the system in order to carry out renovation work or save money on floor heating.
Compound plastic pipe with a shut-off valve is carried out using compression fittings. Then the collector is connected to the valve, a drain valve is installed at one end, and an air vent at the other. Installing a simple plug is less functional. When the collector cabinet is assembled, the work on the installation of the underfloor heating, described above, is performed.
Second floor flooring - concrete slab
The most durable option for constructing a floor on the second floor is a monolithic floor device.
The main stages of this process are:
- installation of formwork;
- reinforcement;
- the process of pouring concrete mixture;
- drying out the floor;
- finishing.
The formwork installation procedure is rather complicated, as it requires special attention and preliminary calculation. It is necessary to calculate the distance between the supports and the thickness of the layer itself. This value directly depends on the floor area and the power of the building itself.
Here is an approximate calculation of these indicators. With a concrete layer thickness of fifteen centimeters, the distance between the supports will be about 150 cm.
After completing the installation of the formwork, proceed to the next process called reinforcement. To do this, you will need a certain number of metal rods, the cross-section of which is 12 cm. Of these, it is necessary to build a grid, the size of each cell of which will be about twenty centimeters.
The preparation of a concrete screed must be taken with extreme caution, since the performance of the floor will depend on its quality. The advantage of the screed equipment is the ability to carry out almost any finishing work on it, such as installing ceramic tiles, parquet, laminate, linoleum, polymer floor, etc.
Due to the fact that the screed is evenly laid on the interfloor covering, it contributes to an even distribution of the load and an increase in the strength of the house.
The recommended grade of concrete for the preparation of concrete mortar is M400. The filler is sand or fine crushed stone. In this case, the ratio of concrete to sand is one to three. The screed is poured at one time, it is forbidden to fill the screed in the same room on different days, as it will lose strength.
The recommended time for using the solution is a maximum of two hours. When doing this, do not forget to use a concrete vibrator, which will help get rid of excess air and ensure a strong adhesion of concrete and reinforcement.
When constructing the floor of the ceiling of the second floor, it is recommended to use beams that are installed on the floor area. Then, they are cut off with an electric plane, on the side that will be the ceiling of the first floor. This process will make wooden ceiling more attractive. Next, you need to install the bars, which will form the rough covering of both the floor and the ceiling. For finishing the ceiling, wooden lining is best suited, which will create harmony with the beams. And, for the equipment of the floor, it is necessary to first lay a layer of waterproofing, thermal insulation, vapor barrier, and then proceed with the installation of the flooring and finishing.
Consider the option of finishing the floor of the second floor, for the work you will need:
- laminate,
- drywall,
- insulation.
The laminate flooring is laid on the finished surface of a wood or concrete floor. And the drywall is attached to the ceiling area.
Tips for arranging the floor on the second floor:
- when installing a warm water floor on the second floor, it is necessary to expand the roll-type insulation before installing the pipes, and fill the inter-tube sections with thick plasterboard, which will increase the rigidity of the structure, then another layer of insulation is installed and the laminate is mounted;
- when installing a real environmentally friendly wooden floor, you need to carefully select materials; as a sub floor, get ordinary boards with low humidity, for the main floor it is necessary that there are no knots, dark spots on the boards, and they must be completely dry;
- during construction panel house, use floors as a floor panel type, which will be finished with a laminate, while it is necessary to install a lining based on polyethylene foam, which will create a damping effect;
- adjustable floors will help increase sound insulation and provide a ventilated space under the floor, so there is no condensation, mildew or mildew.
Here we will analyze several diagrams related to combined systems. And let's figure out how to simplify everything so that it all works without unnecessary calculations and at the same time without errors.
Questions arising during the installation of a combined heating system
In general, the technologies here are the same as in the device of simply radiator heating or a water heated floor, the same requirements, the same equipment ... only the circuits become more complicated.
The question may arise: if the house is two- or three-story, and on each floor you want to make a warm floor: how? Another option: underfloor heating on one floor, radiators on the other. In addition, you want to connect an indirect heating boiler. And again the question is: how? The reason for this question is obvious: additional systems can behave differently, without experience it is quite difficult to predict something in advance ...
Another question: how to choose a boiler for a combined heating system and how to connect all devices correctly?
Scheme of the combined heating system of a three-story house
The diagram below shows the heating system two-storey house with a heated basement or basement (or three-story building):
In the basement (on the ground floor) and on the first floor there is a water-heated floor. On the second floor there are radiators. There is also an indirect heating boiler on the ground floor.
Please note that in the diagram, the supply to the radiators on the second floor is thicker, the same is the return. This is no coincidence: this pipe will be of an increased diameter, most likely the same as the diameter of the outlet on the boiler itself, 50 mm. But this is presumably, in fact, it is necessary to calculate the hydraulic resistance in the system, it is possible that a smaller pipe diameter will be acceptable. But, again: you need to count. Because if the pump is not powerful enough, it will not be able to "push" the coolant to the last radiators, and they will always be cold. Or the radiators will work fine, but the underfloor heating ... will not be warm. And all, again, because of the wrong pump. In the examples given, there are two ways out: either we change the pump to a more powerful one, or we increase the diameter of the risers, or both.
Combined heating system for a two-story house
In the following diagram, there are two floors with underfloor heating (or ground floor and basement):
Please note: there are circulation pumps on each branch. Including the boiler. Only all these pumps are on the supply pipe, that is, they seem to suck in the coolant coming from the boiler and push it through the warm floor or boiler. Such a system will work even without a common pump, which is in front of the boiler.
The above diagram is called "primary-secondary rings" and, in fact, the pump in front of the boiler is not superfluous. Why? To answer, let us recall again what “primary-secondary rings” means, even though this was discussed only in the last article.
The section "boiler - supply pipe - return - pump - boiler" is the primary ring. In the primary ring, the boiler works as if for itself. The rest of the loops are secondary rings that disassemble the coolant from the primary ring using their circulation pumps. Circulation pumps in the secondary rings are selected according to the hydraulic resistance of each ring.
You might think that there is a waste of money on additional pumps. But having installed them, you will not be afraid of other errors that may arise during the calculations. And you will not need to put a thick pipe on the secondary rings, you can get by with 25 mm, or even 20 mm.
Combined heating system of a three-story building, made on the principle of "primary-secondary rings"
Another scheme: the same as in the first version, but circulation pumps were added for each ring, as suggested in the second:
Everything said for the previous scheme is also true for this one.
The need for a coolant in the secondary rings and the power of the heating boiler
Yet. In the heating systems discussed above, each secondary ring will have its own heating medium demand. That is, the volume of the coolant required for one branch is not equal to the required volume of the coolant for the other branch. That is why the speed of the coolant in different branches will be different. But the boiler can only pass a strictly defined volume of coolant through itself! ..
It can be very roughly assumed that if the power of the boiler is, for example, 30 kW, then it passes 30 l / minute. But the first ring may need 10 l / min., The second ring also 10 l / min., The third 12 l / min., The fourth - 15 l / min. In total, four rings in total require 10 + 10 + 12 + 15 = 47 liters of coolant every minute. And the boiler, as it was said, is capable of passing through itself 30 liters per minute. Exit - set the hydraulic arrow:
In general, any complex system can be successfully muddied by applying the scheme shown here: primary-secondary rings + hydraulic arrow.
Instead of "primary-secondary rings", a hydraulic manifold can be installed as in the following diagram:
From this collector, as expected, supply pipes to each system leave (in the above diagram, these are: a radiator system, a warm floor, warm walls and an indirect heating boiler). Each flow has its own circulation pump.
At first glance, the scheme is complex, but it is simplified by the hydraulic arrow and the manifold.
And finally ...
How does the device of a combined heating system depend on the type of heating boiler?
The way the hot water floor and radiators are connected to each other, as well as the boiler, indirect heating boiler and other additional equipment, depends on what kind of boiler you have: with or without a pump. And there are the following connection options.
1. If a boiler with a capacity of up to 30 kW (wall-mounted or floor-standing, it does not matter) with its own pump, then you will need a hydraulic arrow. This is because in such a heating system there will be several pumps (for radiators, for a warm floor, for a boiler - for each circuit). Thanks to the hydraulic arrow, each circuit will take as much as it needs.
2. If a boiler with a capacity of up to 30 kW without pumps, then such a boiler is connected directly to the manifold, bypassing the hydraulic arrow (or without it at all). In this case, the pumps of each circuit will pull as much coolant as needed. This will be monitored by the boiler thermostat, and the boiler will turn on only when necessary, which will save energy.
3. If the boiler power is more than 30 kW, then a storage tank is needed for connection, and not a hydraulic arrow. The accumulator tank is large (as opposed to a hydraulic arrow) and its volume is selected 40 liters per 1 kW of boiler power. Exactly so: with a boiler power of, for example, 50 kW, the storage tank should have a volume of 50 * 40 = 2000 liters or 2 m3. A distribution manifold (often coplanar, main) is connected to the tank. Instead of a storage tank, you can put an indirect heating boiler - also of the corresponding volume.
The hydraulic gun and the manifold also need to be correctly calculated in accordance with the power. How to calculate a hydraulic arrow,. For houses with an area of up to 200 m2, you can do without a collector, only with a hydraulic arrow, to the pipes of which the contours of the radiator system, underfloor heating, and boiler are connected. But for large systems, a collector is needed (however, with a strong desire - or unwillingness? - instead of a collector, you can simply do with tees at the branch points of the pipeline).
In general, within the framework of the above schemes, it is quite possible to make a combined heating system for a particular house. For those who want warm floors only in one small room (bathroom, hallway, kitchen, in a small room, for example, in the country, etc.), there is another article ahead. Good luck.
combined heating system
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The floors of the second floor are the most important coatings in any room. They can be concrete or wood, and the choice depends on many factors. They are formed not only on the first floor, but also on the second, so it is important to know how exactly to carry out all the work on the arrangement correctly and efficiently, as well as what materials to use for these purposes. It is taken into account that the created structure must be optimal for the existing floor, since excessive loads must not act on it.
Pros of creating a wooden floor on the second floor
The wooden floors on the second floor are a great solution for various premises and floors. They can be created in a variety of structures, since they are lightweight and also environmentally friendly. At the same time, a cozy atmosphere is formed in any room.
The creation of a wooden floor on the second floor is allowed only if the following essential requirements are taken into account:
- the coating must be tough and of high quality, and there can be no strong deflection during the use of the floor;
- the construction of the wooden floor of the second floor should be simple, since no difficulties cannot improve its parameters;
- the floor is created resistant to moisture or abrasion, and must also be durable and moisture resistant;
- by all means, all wooden floor elements are processed with special fire retardants, which guarantee a fire-safe structure;
- wood provides floors with good thermal and sound insulation characteristics;
- certainly in the process of work, waterproofing and vapor barrier materials are used, since this ensures a long service life of all wooden floor elements;
- the entire structure of the second floor, in terms of its weight, must correspond to the existing overlap;
- the beautiful appearance of a wooden floor is a must for absolutely any living space, therefore it is not allowed to have dirt or significant and clearly visible defects on it.
Stages of forming a wooden floor
The wooden floor that is created on the second floor of the house can be lagged or beamed.
A floor formed using beams is considered affordable because cheap materials are used for this purpose. At the same time, a structure is formed that is characterized by increased resistance to various significant loads, so it will last a long time. The disadvantages of the second floor beam floor include the fact that it has poor sound insulation parameters, since it is mounted on the frame of the building.
The process of creating a wooden floor is divided into the following stages:
- Initially, a sub-floor is formed, for which different bars or boards are usually used, which have high strength and low humidity. They are adjusted in accordance with the dimensions of the room itself in which the work is performed. In this case, it is important that an even layer is obtained in which there are no kinks or other problems.
- A waterproofing layer is being created, for which modern waterproofing materials presented in the form of rolls. They cover the entire base with a slight overlap on the walls. Additionally, you can process with different coating materials.
- Warming of the wooden floor is being carried out. A variety of materials can be used for this, but mineral wool is considered the most popular for this. It comes in the form of plates or sheets. They are laid in an even layer on the floor surface, and all joints are glued.
- A vapor barrier layer is mounted. He will act as a defense mineral wool from moisture, and will also protect the wooden floor of the second floor itself from moisture from the inside. Here, suitable types of films are usually selected, which are rolled over a flat surface with an overlap with the obligatory gluing of overlap places.
- The main floor is installed. Here, flooring can be used or the floor is mounted on logs. The last option is considered optimal, involving the installation of special lags with the help of self-tapping screws, having the same dimensions. The distance between them is equal to the width of the slabs used further to form the flooring.
Wooden floors have many advantages, but if the floors of the second floor are of high quality and reliable, then concrete floors can be made that are strong and durable.
How to make concrete floors on the second floor.
They are quite simple and quick to create. They are used exclusively if the floors are reliable and capable of withstanding significant impacts, since they have a significant mass.
The whole process of forming a concrete floor is divided into the following stages:
- Formwork is being installed on the second floor. Much attention is paid to this stage, since it is important that a perfectly flat and high-quality design is obtained. It is formed with solid and well-dried boards. Its dimensions correspond to what parameters the concrete floor itself should have in the future.
- Reinforcement of the formwork is in progress. A special frame formed from metal rods is placed in the finished formwork. The size of each cell in this design is approximately 20 cm.
- The formwork is poured with high quality concrete mortar. It is advisable to use the brand of concrete for this - M400, since it has high quality... Sand acts as an aggregate in it, which can be replaced with fine gravel. Pouring is done exclusively in one go. After that, it is important to use vibration equipment to completely eliminate various air bubbles from the composition.
- Provides optimal care for the created concrete surface. To do this, on the second floor, the entire floor is covered with polyethylene, and it is also important to regularly water it with the optimal amount of water. This will prevent the formation of cracks and other problems on the surface.
- Finishing of the concrete floor is in progress. For this, absolutely different types finishing floor materials, since concrete can easily cope with various loads.
Is it possible to make a warm floor on the second floor.
For many people, the presence of a floor heating system is indispensable and obligatory, since the comfort of walking and life is ensured. This is especially true if, as flooring selected ceramic tile or other types of tiled flooring.
In order to make heating of residential and auxiliary premises in a private two-story house, it is necessary to correctly and competently approach this matter. And the owner of the object will have to choose the most the best option based on his own capabilities and the type of fuel that is available in the area where he lives.
Often preference is given to water heating system, and recently, air heating has also gained popularity. As a basis, one should take a typical heating scheme for a two-story house, and already alter it to fit the needs of the existing facility. At the same time, it will be necessary to turn to the services of specialists, since making changes to the project with your own hands is not an easy task, and attempts to do something on your own can turn into serious problems during operation in the future.
So that you understand - the heating system is a whole complex, which includes a boiler, pipelines, heating radiators, fittings, various control sensors, etc. Just the right combination of these elements and optimal scheme heating will provide a comfortable microclimate in the premises, and thereby reduce the cost of heating the entire house as a whole.
Heating systems can divided into several types:
- one-pipe and two-pipe;
- with bottom and top wiring;
- with horizontal and vertical risers;
- with dead-end and main water traffic;
- with forced and natural circulation.
For heating two-story houses, the last option will be the most optimal, which requires a boiler, a manifold, a pipeline, heating devices and an expansion tank. The pump circulates water. The type of fuel for the boiler does not matter - it can be coal, gas, wood or electricity... If you have a gas pipeline nearby, then ideally it would be to install a gas boiler, since this is the most economical unit.
Wiring systems for two-story houses
For heating two-story houses, you can use one-, two-pipe and collector wiring... If you choose a project with a one-pipe system, then adjusting the temperature in the premises will be a rather difficult task, since it is impossible to shut off one of the radiators while the other devices are operating. It implies the sequential circulation of the coolant from the device to the device.
As for the two-pipe, it is more versatile and ideal for heating a private two-story house. The implementation of such a system is simple - for each device of the heating system two pipes are connected- one of them is responsible for supplying hot water, and the second comes out cooled. But unlike a one-pipe system, such a scheme differs in the order of connecting heating units, and therefore, in order to increase its efficiency, experts recommend installing a regulating tank in front of each radiator.
Regardless of the size of the house, for a 2-storey building, there will be enough distance between the top point of the supply line and the center to ensure normal water circulation. Thus, the installation of an expansion tank will be possible not only in the attic, but also on the upper floor. And the pipes themselves can be mounted under windowsills or ceilings.
In addition, a two-pipe system with a circulation pump also allows you to implement a "warm" floor system, as well as connect heated towel rails on each floor and other devices of this class. But more about them later.
This is one of the most common questions, especially for those who plan to make heating in a private house with their own hands. Let's say if your house has basement or attic, then it will be possible to make a heating system with both upper and lower piping. But there are a few points:
An approximate wiring diagram for a two-story house
Let's look at an example of a hot water heating scheme for a typical two-story building, where manual temperature control in each room will be provided. Such a system is mounted using a horizontal installation of two pipes, and heating radiators will have a side connection.
It is advisable to use pipes made of metal-plastic because they are characterized by high strength and durability. For the installation of metal-plastic pipes, no special skills are required, and therefore all the work can be done by hand. Among their advantages, it is worth noting the following:
- corrosion resistance;
- there are almost never blockages in polymer products;
- affordable price;
- all work is carried out using threaded and press connections, and a special soldering iron is not required.
The only drawback is the high coefficient thermal expansion, which in case of improper installation and operation can cause leaks.
Of course, no one forbids the use and polypropylene pipes, but in the case of them, you will need a special soldering iron of considerable exposure, since in no case should you make mistakes when soldering.
Steel pipes are practically unclaimed for the organization of heating in private houses, since the material is extremely unstable to corrosion. In some cases, can be applied galvanized or stainless steel pipes, and for their connection, threaded connections are used, but for such work, appropriate skills and equipment are required. If you have enough money, you can buy copper pipes that will also serve your grandchildren and great-grandchildren.
When drawing up a heating project for a two-story house, you should carefully calculate the required number of adjustable, corner and connecting elements of the system, as well as mark the installation locations of plugs with taps. Similarly, the number of radiators and their sections should be determined. At the same time, do not forget about the mounting brackets for installing radiators, which can be calculated by determining its size.
The diagram must include the installation locations of the expansion tank, pump and the boiler itself. As mentioned above, you can choose any boiler, but at the same time you need to be guided by what fuel is most in demand in your area and, of course, your own capabilities. Usually in new houses already have been using gas for a long time because solid fuels have a low level of environmental friendliness.
If the dimensions of the boiler are small, then it is quite possible to place it directly in the house, for example, in a pantry or workshop. Modern boilers can be hung directly on the wall, which saves a lot of space. It is not recommended to install it in bedrooms or other living areas as it can generate noise during operation. For large-sized boilers, a separate room or even an entire extension near the house should be equipped.
Manifold systems
For heating two-story houses, you can also use a collector system on a two-pipe basis. In this case, it is assumed that the supply and return collectors are installed in special cabinets. Supply manifold will collect and distribute hot water to the radiator through pipes running along the walls. The main advantage is the possibility of hidden installation of all systems. Also, their advantages include the fact that installation work can be done by hand, even without special skills.
The heating itself can be carried out both on two floors, and on one, while the boiler is installed on the first floor, and on the second - an expansion tank. Hot water pipes are installed under windowsills or ceilings, and each radiator must have a separate control valve.
Each radiator is connected to a manifold, i.e. the heating system will be with forced circulation water, which will minimize the temperature difference at the inlet and outlet, and significantly simplify the system, making it more compact, which will significantly save on materials. Ball valves allow you to exclude any radiator from the system without disrupting the operation of the heating system as a whole. In fact, with a collector system, each heating circuit is independent, and, if necessary, can be equipped with its own pump, taps and automation.
"Warm floor
For the rational distribution of heat when heating a 2-storey building, it is worth include in the scheme and system "warm" floor... As you know, warm air rises upwards, while cold air remains below. Accordingly, such a system will help trap warm air below, and not uselessly give it to the roof.
The installation of the system should be carried out already during a major overhaul, since the pipes are laid in cement-sand screed... Of course, this can also be done after, using heat distribution plates made of aluminum, which ensure uniform heating of the floor. Accordingly, for underfloor heating on one floor in several rooms, the collector connection, which was mentioned above, is used. Among the advantages of such a system it is worth highlighting the following:
- rational distribution of heat;
- comfort in winter;
- low water temperature required for system operation.
Finally, it remains to add that the heating scheme must fully comply with the profile documentation, and be certified by the relevant authorities. If you are in doubt about something, then entrust all the work to specialists.