PROJECT OF WORK PRODUCTION
BRICK MASONRY OF EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL WALLS
1. General part
1. General part
1.1 The main objectives of developing the PPR are:
- Organization of preparatory work;
- Determination of storage locations;
- Determination of the technological sequence, methods and methods of conducting work;
- Ensuring labor safety.
1.2 According to SNiP 12-04-2002 "Labor safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production" clause 3.3, before the start of work, the general contractor must carry out preparatory work on organizing the construction site necessary to ensure construction safety, including:
- arrangement of fencing of the construction site territory on the territory of the organization;
- clearing the territory, planning the territory, drainage, preparing the surface for the installation of scaffolding;
- construction of temporary highways, equipping entrances with wheel washing stations, stands with fire-fighting equipment, information boards with entrances, entrances, locations of water sources, fire extinguishing equipment;
- delivery and placement on the construction site or outside of it of inventory of sanitary, industrial and administrative buildings and structures;
- arrangement of storage areas for materials and structures.
The completion of preparatory work must be accepted according to the act on the implementation of occupational safety measures, drawn up in accordance with -2001 "Occupational Safety in Construction. Part 1. General Requirements."
1.3 Basic standards and guidelines used during development
- SNiP 12-03-2001 “Labor safety in construction”, part 1;
- SNiP 12-04-2002 “Labor safety in construction”, part 2;
- PPB-01-03 "Rules fire safety In Russian federation";
_______________
Currently, one should be guided by the Fire Regulations in the Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 25, 2012 N 390. - Database manufacturer's note.
- Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 16, 2008 N 87 “On the composition of sections of project documentation and requirements for their content”;
- Decree of the Moscow government N 857-PP dated December 7, 2004 “Rules for the preparation and execution of earthworks, arrangement and maintenance of construction sites in Moscow”;
- GOST 27321-87 "Rack-mounted attached scaffolding for construction and installation work. Technical conditions";
- GOST 24258-88 "Means of scaffolding. General technical specifications";
- SNiP 5.02.02-86 “Requirement standards for construction tools”;
- POT RM 012-2000 "Inter-industry rules for labor protection when working at height."
1.4 Work execution decisions:
- Brickwork of external walls (under window openings and fencing of balconies) is carried out from the ceiling and scaffolding;
- Brickwork interior walls performed from inventory scaffolds using grips, see sheets 2, 3.
________________
Sheets 2, 3 are presented in DWG format. See AUTOCAD tab. - Database manufacturer's note.
2. Work on installation of scaffolding
Basic requirements for scaffolding
Forests must be registered in the logbook in accordance with Appendix 3 of GOST 24258-88; The log must be kept on site. The registration number must be prominently displayed on the scaffold member or on a plate attached to it.
Installation and dismantling of scaffolding must be carried out under the supervision of a person responsible for the safe execution of work, in accordance with the Work Project for the installation of scaffolding and the manufacturer’s passport.
3. Safety solutions
3.1. General position
All work at the site should be carried out in strict accordance with the requirements of SNiP 12-03-2001. Part 1, SNiP 12-04-2002. Part 2. "Labor safety in construction." Organization construction site, work sites and workplaces must ensure the safety of workers at all stages of work.
Persons at least 18 years of age who are medically fit to perform this work and who have been trained and instructed in the prescribed manner are allowed to work at height when installing and operating scaffolding equipment. Persons permitted to perform work for the first time must work for a year under the direct supervision of a more experienced worker.
Before starting scaffolding installation work, workers must receive a permit to carry out this work for the period necessary to complete the entire scope of work.
The mass of scaffolding assembly elements per worker (at manual assembly scaffolding) at a construction site should not exceed 25 kg - when installing and dismantling (scaffolding) at a height and 50 kg - when installing them on the ground.
Scaffolding must be equipped with stairs or ladders for ascent and descent of people, located at a distance of no more than 40 m from each other, and for scaffolding less than 40 m in length, at least two ladders or ladders must be installed. The upper ends of ladders or ladders must be attached to the crossbars of the scaffolding and openings in the scaffolding for exit from the ladders must be fenced on three sides. The angle of inclination of the stairs to the horizon should not exceed 60°, and the angle of the ladders should not exceed 1:3.
The technical condition of scaffolding is monitored before each shift and periodic inspections every 10 days. The results of periodic inspections are noted in the journal. The strength and reliability of fastenings, decking, fences, fixing devices that protect detachable connections from spontaneous disconnection, the condition of welds, and deflections of posts and crossbars are checked.
Scaffolding is subject to additional inspection after rain or thaw, which can reduce the bearing capacity of the foundation underneath, as well as after mechanical stress. In case of deformation, the scaffolding must be repaired and accepted by the commission again.
Guardrails and scaffolding railings must withstand a concentrated load of 40 kg applied horizontally or vertically anywhere along the length of the handrail.
Entrances to buildings (structures) under construction must be protected from above by a continuous canopy at least 2 m wide from the building wall. The angle formed between the canopy and the wall above the entrance should be within 70-75°.
Scaffolding must be equipped with lightning protection devices and lightning conductors, consisting of a lightning rod, down conductor and grounding. The distance between lightning rods should not exceed 20 m, and the grounding resistance should not exceed 15 Ohms.
Scaffolding must be securely fastened to the walls of buildings along the entire height in accordance with the fastening schemes agreed with the scaffold designer (if the fastening scheme deviates from that specified in the passport).
When installing (dismantling) scaffolding, it is prohibited:
- admission of people to the area where scaffolding is being installed or dismantled.
- a crowd of people on the scaffolding floor, more than 3 people in one place.
- dropping scaffolding elements during their dismantling.
Scaffold decks located above 1.0 m from ground level must be fenced. The fence consists of a handrail located at a height of at least 1.1 m from the working deck, one intermediate horizontal element and a side board with a height of at least 15 cm. The gap between the deck boards should be no more than 5 mm.
Posters with load placement diagrams and their permissible values should be posted on the scaffolding.
Work on external scaffolding during thunderstorms, wind speeds of 15 m/s or more, heavy snowfall, fog, ice and other cases that threaten the safety of workers must be stopped.
3.2. Safety precautions when carrying out masonry work from scaffolding, remote platforms and floors
Installation workers must be provided with special clothing, safety footwear, tested safety belts, helmets and other personal protective equipment.
When working at height, workers must be equipped with safety belts for fastening to reliable parts of the building, safety ropes, remote platforms or scaffolding racks in accordance with the instructions of the engineer supervising the work.
3.2.1. When working from scaffolding, it is prohibited:
The passage of people under scaffolding, both during work and during breaks;
- Presence of people not engaged in installation work on the scaffolding;
- Simultaneous work in two tiers under each other;
- Storage of materials on scaffolding in quantities exceeding the permissible load on the flooring (according to the scaffolding passport). Only those materials that are directly used (processed) are supplied to scaffolding;
- Work on scaffolding without attaching a safety belt to scaffolding structural elements or a building (attachment points are indicated by technical engineers);
- Congestion of people on decks in one place;
In winter, before starting a shift, the flooring must be cleared of snow and ice. After the end of the shift, the flooring is cleared of debris and residues building materials.
3.2.2. When working on the ceiling it is prohibited:
- Finding unauthorized persons not involved in the work;
- Work on the ceiling without attaching a safety belt to the safety rope or building structures (attachment points are indicated by engineering technical personnel);
- Masonry of external walls up to 0.75 m thick in a standing position on the wall;
- If the wall thickness is more than 0.75 m, carry out masonry from the wall, without using a safety belt attached to a special safety device;
- It is not allowed to lay the walls of the next floor without installing load-bearing structures of the interfloor ceiling, as well as landings and flights in staircases;
- Working from random stands, boxes, barrels, etc.
The jointing of the external joints of the masonry should be done from the floor or scaffolding after laying each row. Workers are not allowed to be on the wall while this operation is being performed.
4. Technological map for bricklaying
4.1. Technology and process organization
Work should be carried out in compliance with safety requirements in accordance with SNiP 12-03-2001 and the rules for the production and acceptance of work in accordance with SNiP 3.03.01-87. Facing with single ceramic bricks is performed in the following sequence:
- installation of orders and tension of the mooring cord;
- supply and placement of bricks;
- mixing, feeding and leveling the solution;
- facing brick laying;
- masonry of internal rows;
- laying masonry mesh;
- jointing of masonry joints;
- checking the quality of masonry.
Fig.1. Organization of a mason's workplace
Legend:
1. Pallet with facing bricks and cellular blocks.
2. Box with solution.
3. The laid out section of the wall.
Rice. Direction of movement of masons K-1 and K-2
The brickwork is made of M125 grade brick (GOST 530-2007) on M150 mortar with reinforcement with 4Вр1 mesh, with cells 50x50 mm in 8 rows in height. In winter conditions, masonry should be carried out using M150 mortar with anti-frost additives. Laying by freezing is prohibited.
4.2. Working methods
Feeding and laying out bricks, mixing, feeding and leveling mortar for laying the outer mile:
- the mason (K-2) lays out the bricks after feeding it on the inner half of the wall (Fig. 2). For laying bonded rows - stacks of two bricks perpendicular to the axis of the wall with a distance between the stacks of half a brick or at an angle of 45° to the axis of the wall.
Bricklayer K-2 levels the mortar, stepping back from the face of the wall by 10-15 mm under the spoon rows with a width of 70-80 mm through the side edge of the shovel, and under the butt rows - through its front edge with a width of 200~220 mm; Levels the mortar bed with the back of a shovel.
Laying the outer verst.
1 AREA OF USE
This technological map has been developed for the installation of brickwork.
The technological map is intended for new construction.
Construction object:
When carrying out work, you must be guided by the following regulatory documents:
SNiP 3.01.01-85*. Organization of construction production;
SNiP 12-03-2001. Occupational safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements;
SNiP 12-04-2002. Occupational safety in construction. Part 2. Construction production;
SNiP 3.03.01-87 “Load-bearing and enclosing structures”;
GOST 7484 – 78 “Bricks and ceramic facing stones. Technical specifications"
The volume of material resources required to complete the work:
Brick KORPu 1 NF/150/1.4/35 for external walls, thickness. 380 mm 1540.1 m 3
Brick KORPu 1 NF/150/1.4/35 for internal walls, thickness. 510 mm 40.0 m3
Brick KORPu 1 NF/150/1.4/35 for internal walls, thickness. 380 mm 470 m3
Brick KORPu 1 NF/150/1.4/35 for internal walls, thickness. 250 mm 560 m3
Brick KORPO 1 NF/150/1.4/35 for partitions of thickness. 120 mm 1542 m3
Brick KORPO 1 NF/150/1.4/35 for double partitions
Brick KORPO 1NF/150/1.4/35 for fire protection of columns 120 mm 693.5 m3
Cement-sand mortar grade M50 for internal
brickwork 1267.5 m3
Cement-sand mortar grade M50 for external
brickwork 1350.0 m3
Mesh for reinforcing double brick partitions
F16 A-I step 150x150 1470.0 mp
Mesh for reinforcing brickwork
F4 Vr-1, pitch 50x50 GOST 5781-82* 13093.0 mp
Brick grade is not less than M150 for compression and not less than Mr3 35 for frost resistance.
2. ORGANIZATION AND TECHNOLOGY OF WORK EXECUTION
Preparatory work
Before starting stone work, the following work must be completed:
All work on the installation of interfloor ceilings, flights of stairs, blocks of elevator shafts, ventilation blocks of the underlying floors has been completely completed;
A geodetic check was carried out and as-built diagrams were drawn up
Fencing of areas of interfloor slabs subject to grouting has been completed;
All items were delivered and stored at the construction site within the tower crane's operating area. necessary materials and products (Fig. 1);
Fig.1. Masonry jobs
A- when laying solid walls, b- when laying walls with openings, zones :
1 - working, 2 - materials, 3 - transport
The necessary devices, equipment, personal protective equipment for workers, scaffolding and tools have been prepared for work;
Workers and engineers engaged in masonry and related installation work are familiarized with the work project and trained in safe labor methods.
Bricks and stones are supplied to workplaces before the start of the work shift. There should be a supply of them at the workplace for at least 2...4 hours of masons’ work.
The solution is supplied to workplaces before work begins and it is added as it is consumed, so that the supply of cement and mixed mortar in the warm season does not exceed 40... 45 minutes.
Tools and accessories:
1) Trowel;
2) Hammer-pick;
3) Mortar shovel;
4) Joining;
5) Mooring cord;
6) Mooring brackets;
7) Corner template;
9) Rule;
10) Mortar box;
Performers:
To perform these types of work, the following team of masons has been adopted. The work is carried out in two shifts, totaling 16 people.
4 people - Lead masons - wall laying;
4 people – Helpers – auxiliary work;
The direct execution of masonry is closely related to a number of related and auxiliary works. Thus, transport workers ensure a continuous supply of materials to workplaces. After finishing the masonry, carpenters install scaffolding to the height of the tier. After finishing laying the floor, installers begin installing floors, stairs, and partitions.
Organization of work:
For ease of work, the height of the floor masonry must be divided into tiers.
III – 140 cm.
Lay the masonry from the scaffolding:
Fig.2. Panel scaffolding
A- hinged-panel when laying the second tier, b- portable platform for laying the walls of the staircase;
1 - truss - support, 2 - flooring, 3 - inventory fences
Work technology
The main masonry of the external walls is made of ceramic ordinary hollow bricks KORPu 1NF/150/1.4/35 in accordance with GOST 530-2007, 380 mm thick.
The masonry of the internal walls should be made of solid ceramic bricks
KORPO 1NF/150/1.4/35 according to GOST 530-2007.
Lay the partitions out of ceramic hollow bricks 1NF/150/1.4/35 according to GOST 530-2007, 120 mm thick. In the premises: rearmament, storage and cleaning of weapons, security post room, lay two-layer partitions from solid ceramic brick KORPO 1NF/150/1.4/35 in accordance with GOST 530-2007. Perform reinforcement between the layers with a mesh with a cell of 150x150 made of F16 A-I - total thickness 300 mm.
Reinforcement of brickwork walls should be performed in accordance with SNiP II-22-81. Apply mesh: F4 Vr-1, step 50x50 GOST 5781-82*, lay every 5 rows of masonry.
Fragment of the planhttps://pandia.ru/text/80/244/images/image004_61.jpg" width="556" height="890">
All brick partitions longer than 6 m should be attached to half-timbered posts at intervals of 3 m. Fig. 3.
Rice. 3. Attaching partitions to half-timbered posts.
Rice. 4. Fastening external walls to columns.
Laying double partitions with vertical reinforcement
Material resources:
Brick KORPO 1 NF/150/1.4/35 for double partitions
reinforced with mesh in the vertical direction of thickness. 120 mm 30.0 m3
Mesh for reinforcing double brick partitions
F16 A-I step 150x150 1470.0 mp
Electrodes UONII 13/55
Rice. 5. Construction of a double partition with vertical reinforcement.
Installation of prefabricated structures should be carried out in parallel with brickwork. Prefabricated reinforced concrete lintels are laid along the course of the masonry. Also during masonry, insulation of structures is carried out.
Jumper arrangement.
In brick partitions 120 mm thick above openings of 900 mm or less, use generic lintels of 2 diameters A-III-8 in accordance with GOST 5781-82. The reinforcement is laid on the formwork in a layer of Ts.P. solution M50 30mm thick. Embed reinforcement rods into the walls 250 mm in each direction.
Follow the support of the jumpers according to the design.
Total consumption of central heating solution M50 = 1.6 m3
Consumption A-III-8 according to GOST 5781-82 = 320 kg (810 m.p.)
For jumper specifications, see Project l-1_1 01-08-1-AR-1. Common data.
Production of stone works in winter.
Laying masonry using the freezing method
Maintain the temperature of the mortar to be laid at least +20 °C at 0 °C ambient air; when the ambient air temperature drops by several degrees, increase the temperature of the mortar by the same amount. When the temperature of the mixture is above +30 °C, it thickens quickly; you cannot add water.
Apply a portion of the solution to the installation site only for 20 - 30 minutes of work;
Use a grade of mortar that is a class higher than the design grade – M75;
Lay the masonry over the entire width of the wall at the same time;
Before laying, clean the brick from snow and ice;
Keep a log of control over the execution of brickwork and its defrosting.
Freezing with antifreeze additives
Use the Superplast additive in accordance with technical regulations on its application. Only persons over 18 years of age and who have undergone safety training and entry into a logbook are allowed to work with chemical reagents.
Strengthening the masonry during the thawing period. Before the masonry begins to thaw, take unloading measures structural elements masonry or their strengthening.
Domestic areas are free standing walls, the height of which is more than 5 times greater than their thickness, be temporarily secured with double-sided struts;
Secure high walls with double-sided compression;
Reinforce the pillars with steel clips or inventory clamps made from metal corners secured with bolts;
At the ends of the purlins, install racks supported by wooden wedges.
Rice. 6. Strengthening masonry during the thawing period:
A - piers with unloading racks; b- pillars and piers with steel casing; V- the same, with inventory clamps; G- free-standing walls with double-sided struts; d- high walls with double-sided compression;
1 - board; 2 - stand; 3 - wedges; 4 - wooden lining; 5 - steel corner; 6 - coupling bolt; 7 - clamps with coupling bolts; 8 - struts; 9 - logs; 10 - wire twists.
3. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE QUALITY OF WORK PERFORMANCE
Compliance of masonry with the design and SNiP requirements is monitored during the process of receipt of materials at the construction site - incoming control, during the construction of structures - operational control and during acceptance - acceptance control.
Incoming control – control what arrives at the construction site wall materials and solution. promptly inform the construction laboratory about a new batch of wall material arriving at the construction site and participate in sampling for testing. At the construction site, visually determine the quality of the received material by appearance and the size of the stones. Brick of any kind should not have broken corners, bends or other defects. Ceramic bricks that are “under-burned” are not allowed to be accepted, as well as bricks that have lime inclusions (duties), which subsequently cause destruction of the brick. Check the availability of passports and quality certificates for construction products.
The finished mortar delivered to the construction site must have a passport indicating the date and time of manufacture, brand and mobility.
Acceptance rules:
From each batch of bricks or stones, samples are taken in the amount of 0.5%, but not less than 25 pieces. bricks and 15 pcs. stones;
Samples are taken from different pallets in a pre-agreed sequence;
Samples are checked for size and appearance;
Selected samples are tested for compressive strength and bending strength.
Marking:
Products must have a stamp on one non-facial surface indicating the brand of the manufacturer;
The batch of products must be accompanied by a passport indicating the name of the product, the address of the manufacturer, the batch number, the number of products shipped, the brand of brick for compressive and bending strength, the results of tests for water absorption and frost resistance, the date of issue of the passport.
Transportation and storage:
Bricks and stones must be transported in pallets or containers;
Measures must be taken to protect against mechanical damage;
Loading/unloading should be carried out mechanically using special grips and mechanisms;
Loading/unloading in bulk (throwing) is prohibited;
During storage, it is prohibited to stack pallets with bricks on top of each other above two rows.
Operational control – carried out by foremen directly during work. Monitor the correct filling of masonry joints with mortar, verticality, horizontality and straightness of surfaces and corners, thickness of masonry, dimensions of walls and openings. When inspecting, be guided by the following maximum permissible deviations: Permissible deviations during the construction of a brick wall, mm:
1 - vertical surface - 10 mm;
2 - vertical corner surfaces: per floor - 15 mm, over the entire height of the wall - 30 mm;
3 - cut marks - 10 mm;
4 - masonry thickness ± 15 mm;
5 - width of the walls - 15 mm;
6 - opening width ± 15 mm;
7 - rows of masonry from horizontal to 10 m length - 15 mm
The average thickness of horizontal and vertical masonry joints is checked twice per shift. Within the floor, the average thickness of horizontal joints should be 12 mm, vertical joints - 10 mm. In this case, the thickness of horizontal seams should be within 10... 15 mm, and vertical ones - 8... 15 mm. Thickening of seams opposite to those indicated is allowed only in cases provided for by the project.
The correctness of laying the corners of the building is checked with a wooden square, the horizontality of the rows is checked with a rule and a level at least twice on each tier of masonry. Having laid the rule on the masonry, place a level on it and check the deviation. Any deviations are eliminated by laying subsequent rows.
DIV_ADBLOCK115">
Volume – 694 m3
Standard labor costs of workers, person-hours
For the entire volume - 12418
Per unit m3 – 18
Schedule plan for the production of stone work for the facility: “Engineering and operational building in Nadym”
Name of works | Scope of work | Labor costs, person-days | Required machines | Duration of work days. | Number of shifts | Number of workers per shift | Brigade composition | Work schedule (days, months) |
||
Name | Machine number shifts |
|||||||||
Laying simple external brick walls with a floor height of over 4m | Masons (8) Slinger (1) | |||||||||
Installation and dismantling of external tubular inventory scaffolding up to 16 m high for laying cladding (for laying a 12-story block) | Carpenters (4) Installers (4) | |||||||||
Installation and dismantling of external tubular inventory scaffolding up to 16 m high for laying cladding (for an 8-storey block) | Carpenters (4) Installers (4) | |||||||||
Installation and dismantling of external tubular inventory scaffolding up to 16 m high for laying cladding (for a 4-storey block) | Carpenters (4) Installers (4) | |||||||||
Installation and dismantling of external tubular inventory scaffolding up to 16 m high for laying cladding (12 floor block from a height of 4 floor block; side projection along axis 5 | Carpenters (4) Installers (4) | |||||||||
Installation and dismantling of external tubular inventory scaffolding up to 16 m high for laying cladding (for laying 8 floors of a block along axis 9) | Carpenters (4) Installers (4) | |||||||||
Laying brick interior walls with a floor height of over 4 m thick. 510 mm | Masons (8) Slinger (1) | |||||||||
Laying brick interior walls with a floor height of over 4 m thick. 380mm | Masons (8) Slinger (1) | |||||||||
Laying brick interior walls with a floor height of over 4 m thick. 250 mm | Masons (8) Slinger (1) | |||||||||
Reinforcement of masonry walls and other structures | Fixture workers (8) | |||||||||
Reinforcement of masonry walls and other structures (brick partitions) | Fixture workers (8) | |||||||||
Laying partitions made of unreinforced bricks with a thickness of ½ brick at a floor height of over 4 m (120 mm) | Masons (8) Slinger (1) | |||||||||
Brickwork of non-reinforced rectangular pillar structures at a floor height of over 4 m. Fire protection of columns | Masons (8) Slinger (1) | |||||||||
Laying the walls of pits and channels: laying the walls of the LF-1 elevator shaft; LF-2 (axes Zh-E passenger thickness 380 mm) | Masons (8) Slinger (1) | |||||||||
Laying the walls of pits and channels: laying the walls of the LF-3 elevator shaft (passenger thickness 380mm) | Masons (8) Slinger (1) | |||||||||
Laying the walls of pits and channels: laying the walls of the elevator shaft LF-4, 5 (cargo thickness 250mm) | Masons (8) Slinger (1) |
5. SAFETY
1) When carrying out masonry work, comply with the requirements of SNiP 3.03.01-87, SNiP 12-03-2001 part 1; SNiP 12-04-2002 part 2, and job descriptions
2) It is prohibited to leave unlaid wall materials, tools, construction waste,
3) It is not allowed to lay the walls of a building to a height of more than two floors without installing interfloor ceilings.
4) When laying walls from internal scaffolding, it is mandatory to install protective canopies along the entire perimeter of the building in accordance with SNiP 12-04-2002 part 2. When installing and removing visors, workers must work with safety belts.
Protective visors
A- bracket mounting diagram, b - canopy installation diagram and awnings; 1 - bracket, 2 - board, 3 - steel hook, 4 - visor, 5 - canopy
5) Over the entrance to the staircases it is necessary to install canopies measuring 2.0 x 2.0 m
6) It is prohibited for people to stay on the floors below the one on which construction and installation work is being carried out (on one grip), as well as in the area where cargo is moved by a crane.
7) Areas dangerous to human traffic during bricklaying must be fenced off and marked with clearly visible warning signs.
8) Workplaces should be equipped with the necessary fences and safety devices. All openings in the ceilings to which people can access must be covered with a solid solid flooring or have fences around the entire perimeter 1.1 m high. Open openings in the walls are protected by a continuous protective fence. The openings of the elevator shafts must be covered with shields made of boards b = 50 mm. The shaft between the flights of stairs must be blocked with shields, and the flights must be fenced.
9) When laying piers, use inventory temporary fencing and work in secured safety belts.
10) Climbing onto and descending from the scaffolding is carried out using inventory ladders.
11) Gaps of more than 0.1 m between scaffolding and scaffolding should be covered with shields, the design of which excludes the possibility of their shifting.
12) When carrying out work on brickwork in the dark workplace The mason must be illuminated in accordance with the standards.
Instructions for attaching the safety belt
When laying brick walls and installation of lintels, the following must be secured with safety belts: masons laying piers; workers conducting jointing and cleaning of brickwork of external walls; workers installing berths. All of the above workers are required, before starting work, to familiarize themselves with the methods of securing the safety belt against a receipt in the safety magazine. Bend the hinges, seal them with mortar until all installation, masonry work- prohibited. The places where the safety belt carabiner is attached must be indicated in advance by the master or foreman and brightly colored.
ROUTING
FOR BRICK MASONRY OF EXTERNAL WALLS AND INTERNAL PARTITIONS
WITH INSTALLATION OF JUMPERS
FROM CERAMIC HOLLOW STONESPOROTHERM
I. Scope of application of the technological map
1.1. This technological map has been developed for the laying of external and internal load-bearing walls, internal inter-apartment and interior brick partitions with the installation of lintels over window and door openings using a tower crane during the construction of a standard floor of the above-ground part of an individual residential building
1.2. Load-bearing external walls 770 mm thick of the sections being built are made of large-format ceramic stones with facing bricks, internal load-bearing walls 380 mm thick are made of ceramic stones, partitions 120 and 250 mm thick are made of ceramic stones, interfloor ceilings are prefabricated from reinforced concrete slabs. The height of a typical floor is 3.0 m.
1.3.The work considered in the map includes:
Supply of building materials and products for masonry walls and installation of prefabricated lintels over window and door openings, masonry mortar using truck cranes to masons’ workplaces;
Masonry of load-bearing external walls 770 mm thick with cladding and internal brick walls 380 mm thick, as well as internal partitions 250 and 120 mm thick;
Laying precast concrete lintels using a truck crane and individual reinforcing bars by hand over window and door openings along the course of the masonry;
- installation, movement and dismantling of inventory scaffolds using a truck crane.
1.3. The technological map provides for the execution of work in a single-shift operating mode, both in summer and winter construction conditions.
1.4. If the conditions for the production of work specified in the technological map change, the technological map is linked at the stage of adjusting the work project, which is drawn up in the form of additional instructions.
II. Justification for the work organization scheme
2.1. When carrying out work on the construction of external and internal load-bearing walls, inter-apartment and interior partitions made of brick, the requirements of SNiP 12-01-2004 “Organization of construction” must be observed. Organization of construction production, SNiP 3.03.01-87. Load-bearing and enclosing structures, SNiP 12-04-2002 (section 9), as well as SNiP 12-03-2001. Occupational safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements.
2.2. Before starting masonry work, the following work must be completed on a typical floor of each section:
- all work on the installation of interfloor ceilings and staircases has been completely completed;
- geodetic check was carried out and as-built diagrams were drawn up
- fencing of areas of interfloor slabs subject to grouting has been completed;
All necessary materials and products were delivered and stored at the construction site within the range of the truck crane (Fig. 1);
Fig.1. Masonry jobs
A - when laying solid walls,
b - when laying walls with openings,
zones:
1 - working,
2 - materials,
3 - transport
The necessary devices, equipment, personal protective equipment for workers, scaffolding and tools have been prepared for work;
Workers and engineers engaged in masonry and related installation work are familiarized with the work project and trained in safe labor methods.
III. Determination of the main scope of work
3.1.Scope of masonry, loading and unloading and installation work for bricklaying external, internal walls and partitions with installation of lintels for a typical floor in Table 3.1
Table3.1
Scope of main work during the construction of load-bearing external and internal walls, partitions and laying lintels for door and window openings of a typical floor
|
N p/p |
Name of types of work and structural elements |
Unit measurements |
Scope of work |
Note |
|
Masonry of external walls 770 mm thick from ceramic stones with facing bricks |
||||
|
Masonry of internal load-bearing walls 380 mm thick with openings for plaster made of ceramic stones |
||||
|
The same is blind at the ends of the section |
||||
|
Masonry of internal partitions 250mm thick |
||||
|
Same thickness 120mm |
||||
|
Laying precast concrete lintels for window and door openings using a tower crane |
opening |
|||
|
Manual placement of individual reinforcing bars into the lintels of window openings on external walls |
||||
|
Same face bricks on pallets |
||||
|
The same ceramic stones, 40 pcs per pallet |
||||
|
Supplying masonry mortar to masons' workplaces in boxes using a truck crane |
||||
|
Installation, movement and disassembly of inventory hinged panel and rack scaffolds using a truck crane |
masonry |
IV. Instructions for acceptance, warehousing and storage of materials and structures
4.1. When accepting building materials used for the construction of load-bearing walls and partitions, the availability of quality documents (passports, certificates, conclusions, etc.) is checked and the data presented in them is compared with the results of inspection, measurements, and in cases of doubt about their reliability, with laboratory test data.
4.2. The accompanying document on the quality of the delivered materials must verify the following information:
- about the name and address of the manufacturer;
- about the number and date of issue of the quality document;
- about the name and brand of delivered construction products;
- about the number of products in the package (batch);
- the date of manufacture of the delivered building materials,
- about the strength characteristics of materials;
- about designations in accordance with GOST.
Requirements for the building materials used:
4.3 Building ceramic stone used for masonry must comply with GOST standards for these building materials. The facing brick used for laying the outer verst must be rectangular in shape and not have chipped corners or edges. The quality of bricks and ceramic stones delivered to the floor during masonry is checked by the work performers (masons) by visual inspection (Fig. 2).
Fig.2. Bricks (the lines above indicate the symbols used in the drawings)
A - whole,
b - three-quarter,
V - half,
G - four.
4.4 Prefabricated timber and slab reinforced concrete lintels of window and door openings should not have chips, cracks, or protrusions of metal reinforcement onto the surface. They must be marked on the side surface of the jumpers with indelible paint.
4.5. The mortar used for masonry must have a mobility of at least 7 cm. In winter conditions of work, lime and plasticizing additives must be added to the masonry mortar - air-entraining chemical additives of soapy liquor (LML) in an amount not exceeding 0.8 g per 1 kg of cement (Fig. 4). In winter conditions of stone work, the temperature of the mortar at the time of its shipment should not be lower than + 25 ° C, and at the time of laying in the wall - + 10 ° C. When the outside air temperature is below -15 °C, a solution one grade higher than the design one should be used.
For the construction of walls made of ceramic hollow-porous stones with voids, depending on the required strength of the masonry, grades of mortars should be used based on temporary compressive strength in kg s/cm 2 : 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 including “warm solution”KnaufL.M.21(λ KnaufL.M.35(λ BaumitMortel50(λ
4.6. It is prohibited to use bricks, ceramic stones, prefabricated timber lintels and commercial mortar for which the supplier has not provided quality documents.
4.7. Packages with ceramic stones are stored on pallets in the truck crane area in rows with a gap between pallets of 100+120mm. After 3+4 rows of pallets, a passage 0.7+1.0m wide should be left. It is allowed to store packages of stones in stacks on pads, with a stack height of no more than 2 tiers.
4.8. Prefabricated reinforced concrete lintels are stored in stacks on wooden stock pads and gaskets with a thickness of at least 50 mm. The placement of linings and gaskets should be no more than 200 mm from the ends of the stored products. The height of the stack should not exceed more than three rows in height.
4.9. Delivery of masonry mortar to the construction site (Fig. 3) is carried out by automixers. In order to prevent its delamination, the mortar is supplied to the masons' workplace by a tower crane only after it is reloaded into boxes through a screw unit for receiving, mixing and dispensing masonry mortar with a forced incentive. In winter conditions of work, electrical heating of the solution must be organized at the site of its reloading into boxes.
Fig.3. Dispensing hopper and solution overload
A - distribution hopper;
b - reloading the solution from the dump truck into the distribution hopper;
V - the same, in rotary tubs;
1 -dispensing hopper;
2 - box for solution;
Z - shutter for dispensing solution;
4 - overpass;
5 - mixer;
6 -mixer mesh;
7 - tub.
V. Instructions on technology for performing work
5.1. The laying of external and internal load-bearing walls, as well as partitions, must be carried out in accordance with the working drawings for the section being built, the work plan and this technological map.
Following the guidelines below will ensure optimal results when using brick blocks.POROTHERM®.
5.2 Preparation for laying the first row of bricks:
The wall foundation must be level. Therefore, if you identify a slope in the foundation or floor surface, level it with mortar, starting from the highest point of the base surface. If horizontal insulation against moisture is required, place a layer of insulating material on top of the hardened mortar. The insulating material must be at least 150 mm wider than the intended wall thickness.
To check the vertical and horizontal module of the masonry, prepare a straight planed strip with notches every 125 mm. The length of the batten must correspond to the designed height of the finished wall (a multiple of 231 mm).
5.3 Wall masonry
First, lay the bricks in the corners of the walls. In this case, pay special attention to the correct location of the mortar pocket or system of grooves and ridges on the sides of the brick. Connect the corner bricks with a mooring cord from the outside of the masonry. Apply bedding mortar across the entire width of the base of the wall.
Place brick by brick in fresh mortar, end to end along the cord (groove and tongue tying ensures correct placement of bricks). Check the position of the bricks using the level and the rail and correct them using a rubber hammer. Brick blocks should not protrude beyond the foundation or ceiling by more than 25 mm! The bed joint mortar is applied over the entire surface to the outer edges of the wall, but should not protrude outwards, so excess mortar flowing from the bed joint is removed with a spatula. Pockets in vertical seams of bricks POROTHERM® are completely filled with solution. When using bricksPORO THERM® solution is not applied to vertical joints at all. Before applying bedding mortar under the next row of bricks, wet the top surface of the bricks of the last row laid. The consistency of the masonry mortar should be such that the mortar does not flow into the vertical holes of the bricks!
Lay the next rows in the manner described above so that the distance between the vertical seams of adjacent
the rows along the wall were 125 mm (see the previous section, Bonding masonry).
Do not forget to check the height of the masonry rows using a lath and their verticality using a level or plumb line. We also recommend checking that the cord tension is correct from time to time. If the wall is not built according to a length modulus of 250 mm, then you can use the so-called leveling bricks, which are produced for perimeter walls with a thickness of 380 and 510 mm. Using leveling bricks you can fill the space between brick blocks from 90 to 225 mm. The leveling brick consists of two parts of different sizes, which are connected during the manufacturing process. When broken down along the designated section, two parts are obtained - A and B. Thanks to their combination and the use of deep internal grinding, it is possible, if necessary, to fill voids in the thickness of the masonry.
For dressing masonry of sharp and obtuse angles made of brickPORO THERM® bricks must be sawed. Sawing can be done either on tabletop circular saws or using hand-held power chain saws.
5.4. Laying partitions
First, if necessary, level the floor with mortar. For masonry, use high-quality plastic lime-cement mortar. Under the first row of bricks in the partition it is necessary to apply a layer of mortar at least 10 mm thick.
Starting from the second row, lay bricks with a seam of approximately 12 mm. The remaining principles of masonry, i.e. laying bricks, aligning them horizontally and vertically, applying mortar are the same as when laying walls. When connecting a load-bearing partition made of bricks POROTHERM® 25 with perimeter wall, apply the mortar to the side of the brick and press
brick this side to the perimeter wall. Through the row you need to tie the seam of the load-bearing partition with the perimeter wall according to the instructions in the Types of masonry section.
When connecting a partition to a load-bearing wall using end bricksPORO THERM®12 apply the mortar to the side, lay the brick and press its side with the applied mortar against the load-bearing wall. With this type of joint, it is necessary to reinforce every second bed seam using a flat stainless steel anchor (for example, using the FD KSF anchor from FISCHER). The horizontal part of the anchor, bent at a right angle, must be pressed into the bed joint solution, and the vertical part must be screwed with a screw and dowel to the load-bearing wall.
Flat stainless steel anchors can also be attached to the wall directly during its construction by installing them into the bed seams at the site where the partition will be attached.
Table 1 - Dimensions of horizontal channels and niches in
masonry, permissible without calculations
|
Wall thickness (mm) |
Additional channels and niches |
Lined channels and niches |
||
|
maximum depth (mm) |
maximum width (mm) |
minimum width (mm) |
minimum thickness remaining wall (mm) |
|
|
less than 115 |
||||
|
116 - 188 |
||||
|
176 - 225 |
||||
|
226 - 300 |
||||
|
over 300 |
||||
Notes:
1. The maximum depth of a channel or niche means the depth of any hole made when constructing a channel or niche.
2. As for additionally punched vertical channels that rise above the floor level by no more than 1/3 of the height of the room, a depth of up to 80 mm and a width of up to 120 mm are permissible if the wall thickness is greater than or equal to 225 mm.
3. The horizontal distance between adjacent channels or a channel and a niche or opening must be at least 225 mm.
4. The horizontal distance between two adjacent niches located on one or both sides of the wall should be twice the width of the larger niche.
5. The total width of channels and niches should not exceed the length of the wall multiplied by 0.13.
5.5. Weather
Most building materials must be protected from weather conditions when stored on a construction site. Bricks PORO THERM® must be protected from moisture, and sufficient protection is provided by complete polyethylene packaging. The ambient temperature during laying, hardening and hardening of the mortar should not fall below + 5 °C either day or night, because otherwise, the chemical processes taking place in the solution may be disrupted, and the solutions may not acquire the properties declared by the manufacturer. When laying, you cannot use frozen bricks, i.e. bricks that have snow or ice on their surface! It is fundamentally necessary to protect the finished wall from getting wet, because... water accumulates in the vertical holes of perforated bricks, which takes a long time to dry. It is especially important to cover the upper surface of walls and window sills with moisture-proof coatings that prevent mortar and easily soluble substances, such as lime, from being washed out of the joints, and also prevent the formation of plaque.
VI. Instructions for ensuring occupational safety and the environment
6.1. When performing work on the construction of external and internal load-bearing walls and partitions, strict compliance with the requirements of labor safety measures set out in SNiP 12-04-2002 (section 9) and SNiP 12-03-2001 Labor safety in construction is necessary. Part 1. General requirements.
6.2. Lifting building materials and products to the floor, moving them to workplaces must be carried out using lifting means and packaging means to prevent them from falling and being damaged.
Pick-up case
1 - gripping arms with a wall;
2 - axis;
Z - pallet with bricks.
Self-tightening grip
1 - grip frame;
2 - tension plates;
Z - clamping beams;
4 - gripping device.
6.3. Workers receiving loads at masons' workplaces must be trained and have a slinger's certificate. A stable radiotelephone connection must be established between the workers and the tower crane operator.
6.4. It is prohibited to throw tools, fixtures, work equipment, construction materials and other items from the floor.
6.5. Before installing carpentry, all window and door openings in the external walls being constructed must be fenced or closed with safety shields (grids).
6.6. Tools, accessories and equipment used in work must comply with standards (technical specifications), be convenient, durable, safe for others and kept in good condition.
Brickwork Tools
A - trowel;
b - mortar shovel;
V - jointing for convex and concave seams;
G - hammer-pick;
d - mop.
Test tools
A - plumb line;
b - roulette;
V - folding meter;
G - square;
d - building level;
e - duralumin rule.
6.7. The height of each tier of masonry is set so that the level of the masonry after installing the scaffolding is at least 0.7 m above the level of the working floor (Fig. 26, 27).
Fig.26. Package self-erecting scaffolds
1 - rectangular support in folded position,
2 - flooring,
3 - slings for lifting and changing the height of scaffolding
Fig.27. Boltless tubular scaffolding
A - general form,
b - anchor for fastening scaffolding;
1 - lining,
2 - shoe,
3 - stand,
4 - crossbars,
5 - fencing,
6 - working flooring,
7 - anchor embedded in masonry,
8 - a scaffolding hook connected to an anchor hook,
9 - hooks welded to the crossbars,
10 - pipes welded to the crossbar post.
6.8. It is prohibited to stand on it with your feet or lean your elbows while laying masonry. The flooring used should only be of stock production (Fig. 28, 29). It is prohibited to use pallets, boxes, containers, or other objects not intended for these purposes as scaffolding.
Fig.28. Scheme of rack scaffolding
1 - tape-covered flooring,
2 - continuous covering,
Z - runs,
4 - eyes,
5 - top retractable stand,
6 - lower tripod stand.
Fig.29. Panel scaffolding
A - hinged-panel when laying the second tier,
b - portable platform for laying the walls of the staircase;
1 - truss - support,
2 - flooring,
Z - inventory fences.
6.9. The gap between the wall (partition) being erected and the working floor should not exceed 50mm. The flooring of working scaffolds must be regularly (at least 2 times per shift) cleared of debris.
6.10. Protective canopies with a plan size of at least 2 x 2 m must be installed over the working entrances to the section.
6.11. The suspended scaffolds used must be of inventory quality only and subject to periodic inspection
6.12. In areas of masonry of external walls, external inventory protective canopies must be installed in the form of a flooring on brackets (Fig. 30). The brackets are hung on steel clamp hooks attached to the wall being built along the course of its laying. The first row of protective canopies is installed at around 3.300, and is maintained until the completion of the construction of the external walls. The second row of protective canopies is installed on the outer walls and is rearranged along the course of the masonry every 6 m. It is allowed to use second row flooring made of mesh materials with a cell size of no more than 50 x 50 mm.
Fig.30. Protective visors
A - bracket mounting diagram,
b - canopy installation diagram and awnings;
1 - bracket,
2 - board,
3 - steel hook,
4 - visor,
5 - canopy
6.13. All construction waste generated during the work must be collected in a special container (garbage container) and, as it accumulates, removed from the floor by tower crane for removal off the construction site. Removing construction and household waste by throwing it down through window or door openings or from balcony slabs is prohibited.
VII. Quality Assurance Guidelines
7.1. Quality control of bricklaying work on external and internal load-bearing walls and partitions on a typical floor includes:
- acceptance of previously completed installation work preceding the brickwork;
- quality control of building materials and products used for masonry and mounted lintels;
Control of production operations related to the production of stone works and laying of lintels over openings;
- acceptance control of completed stone work with execution of inspection reports for hidden work.
7.2. Acceptance of previously completed work prior to the construction of external and internal load-bearing walls and partitions is carried out in accordance with the requirements of section 2, paragraphs 2.111+2.113 SNiP 3.03.01-87 and working drawings of the project.
Control of production operations is carried out according to the scheme of operational quality control of stone work and work on the installation of lintels over window and door openings of walls and partitions. The operational quality control scheme is given in the table 7 .1.
Acceptance of finished stone structures is carried out in accordance with the requirements of section 7 paragraphs. 7.86+7.90 SNiP 3.03.01-87 before plastering their surfaces (Fig. 31).
Table7 .1
|
Controlled Operations |
Requirements and approvals |
Methods and controls |
Who controls and when |
Who is involved in control |
|
1.Masonry of load-bearing walls and partitions 1.1. Deviations of the surface of walls and corners from the vertical |
Measuring. After 0.5+0.6 m in height Plumb |
Master during and after laying. |
||
|
1.2. Deviation in the width of window and door openings |
Measuring as work progresses Tape measure, meter |
Master in the process of laying |
||
|
1.3. Irregularities on the vertical surface of the masonry |
Measuring. 2 meter strip |
Master in the process of laying |
||
|
1.4. Deviation of individual rows of masonry from the horizontal |
Measuring. Level, steel meter |
Master in the process of laying |
||
|
1.5.Thickness of horizontal seams |
Master in the process of laying |
|||
|
1.6. Deviation in the width of the walls |
- 15mm |
Measuring. Roulette |
Master in the process of laying |
|
|
1.7. Offset from the planned position of the alignment axes |
Measuring. Roulette |
Foreman |
||
|
1.8. Bandaging of vertical seams of aerated concrete blocks of end walls |
block |
Measuring. Steel meter |
Master in the process of laying |
|
|
1.9. Deviation of elevation marks of the bottom of window and door openings |
Measuring. Level, staff, level |
Foreman |
Surveyor |
|
|
2. Arrangement of jumpers over openings 2.1 Deviation of elevation marks of the bottom of the supporting surfaces of the lintels |
Measuring. Steel meter |
Master in progress |
||
|
2.2.. Deviation from the horizontal of the laid lintels |
Measuring. Steel meter |
Master in progress |
||
|
2.2 Deviation from symmetry (half the difference in the depth of support of the ends of the jumpers) |
Measuring. Steel meter |
Master in progress and at the end of work |
||
|
Document ... from stone... And hollow ceramic cylinders... on artificial embankment. First they built a waterproof jumper from ... brick masonry outdoor walls. Thus, he retained still thick external walls from ... technological ... internal partitions ... Price list of normative, methodological, standard design documentation and other information publications on constructionDocument... technological cards on device partitions, facings walls and suspended ceilings using plasterboard sheets Volume 2. Typical technological cards on device partitions ... brick masonry 416 MDS 53-1.2001 Recommendations for installation ... |
TYPICAL TECHNOLOGICAL CARD (TTK)
MASONRY OF EXTERNAL WALLS FROM GAS SILICATE BLOCKS
I. SCOPE OF APPLICATION
1.1. A standard technological map (hereinafter referred to as TTK) is a comprehensive organizational and technological document developed on the basis of methods of scientific organization of labor to perform technological process and determining the composition of production operations using the most modern means of mechanization and methods of performing work using a specific technology. The TTK is intended for use in the development of the Work Performance Project (WPP) by construction departments and is its integral part in accordance with MDS 12-81.2007.
1.2. This technical specification contains instructions for the organization and technology of work when laying external walls made of gas silicate blocks, defines the composition of production operations, requirements for quality control and acceptance of work, planned labor intensity of work, labor, production and material resources, measures for industrial safety and labor protection .
1.3. The regulatory framework for the development of technological maps is:
Standard drawings;
Factory instructions and technical conditions (TU);
Standards and prices for construction and installation work (GESN-2001 ENiR);
Production standards for material consumption (NPRM);
Local progressive norms and prices, norms of labor costs, norms of consumption of material and technical resources.
1.4. The purpose of creating the TC is to describe solutions for the organization and technology of work on laying external walls from gas silicate blocks in order to ensure their High Quality, and:
Reducing the cost of work;
Reduced construction duration;
Ensuring the safety of work performed;
Organization of rhythmic work;
Rational use of labor resources and machines;
Unification of technological solutions.
1.5. On the basis of the TTK, as part of the PPR (as mandatory components of the Work Project), Working Technological Maps (RTK) are being developed for the performance of certain types of work on laying external walls from gas silicate blocks.
The design features of their implementation are decided in each specific case by the Working Design. The composition and degree of detail of materials developed in the RTK are established by the relevant contracting construction organization, based on the specifics and volume of work performed.
The RTK is reviewed and approved as part of the PPR by the head of the General Contracting Construction Organization.
1.6. The TTK can be tied to a specific facility and construction conditions. This process consists of clarifying the scope of work, means of mechanization, and the need for labor and material and technical resources.
The procedure for linking the TTC to local conditions:
Consideration of map materials and selection of the desired option;
Checking the compliance of the initial data (amount of work, time standards, brands and types of mechanisms used, composition of the worker group) with the accepted option;
Adjustment of the scope of work in accordance with the chosen option for the production of work and a specific design solution;
Recalculation of calculations, technical and economic indicators, requirements for machines, mechanisms, tools and material and technical resources in relation to the chosen option;
Design of the graphic part with specific reference to mechanisms, equipment and devices in accordance with their actual dimensions.
1.7. A standard flow chart has been developed for engineering and technical workers (work managers, foremen, foremen) and workers performing work in the third temperature zone, in order to familiarize (train) them with the rules for carrying out work on laying external walls from gas silicate blocks using the most modern means of mechanization, progressive designs and materials, methods of performing work.
The technological map has been developed for the following scope of work:
II. GENERAL PROVISIONS
2.1. The technological map has been developed for a set of works on laying external walls from gas silicate blocks.
2.2. Work on laying external walls made of gas silicate blocks is carried out in one shift, the duration of working hours during the shift is:
where https://pandia.ru/text/80/189/images/image005_90.jpg" width="53" height="25"> is the production reduction coefficient;
Recycling rate.
.
In calculating the standards for time and duration of work, a single-shift operating mode with a work shift duration of 10 hours with a five-day work week was adopted. Clean work time during a shift, taken into account the coefficient of reduction in output due to an increase in shift duration compared to an 8-hour work shift equal to https://pandia.ru/text/80/189/images/image009_54.jpg" width="64" height ="25 src="> 1,25 total time for a 5-day working week (" Guidelines on organizing shift work in construction, M-2007").
where is the preparatory-final time, https://pandia.ru/text/80/189/images/image012_40.jpg" width="13" height="13 src="> 10 min = 0.16 hour.
Preparation of the workplace, tools, etc. Foam blocks" href="/text/category/penobloki/" rel="bookmark">foam blocks and mortar;
Laying foam blocks.
2.4. The technological map provides for the work to be performed by a complex mechanized unit consisting of: manual electric mixer ZUBR ZMR-1350E-1 "EXPERT" (https://pandia.ru/text/80/189/images/image013_35.jpg" width="31" height="19 src=">11 kW, 150 kg); automobile jib crane KS-45717 (load capacity 25.0 t) as a driving mechanism.
I. Scope of application of the technological map
1.1. This technological map has been developed for the laying of external and internal load-bearing walls, internal inter-apartment and interior brick partitions with the installation of lintels over window and door openings using a tower crane during the construction of a typical floor of the above-ground part of an individual residential building
The following are accepted as a typical floor in the technological map:
For section N 5: 3-8 floors;
For section N 6: 2-4 floors;
For section N 7: 2-4 floors.
1.2. Load-bearing external walls with a thickness of 770 mm of the sections being built are made of ceramic bricks and ceramic stones with facing bricks and wall stone "Splitter" up to mark 6.500, internal load-bearing walls with a thickness of 380 mm are made of ceramic bricks and ceramic stones, partitions with a thickness of 120 and 250 mm are made of ceramic stones, interfloor ceilings - prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs. The height of a typical floor is 3.0 m.
The dimensions of the sections being built in plan are:
Section N 5 - 44.5 x 19.2 m;
Section N 6 - 23.2 x 29.5 m;
Section N 7-28, 2 x 17, 8 m.
Height of erected sections:
Section N 5 - 35.5 m;
Section N 6 - 33.6 m;
Section N 7 - 29, 7m.
1.3. The works covered in the map include:
Supply of building materials and products for masonry walls and installation of prefabricated lintels over window and door openings, masonry mortar using tower cranes KB-503 and KB-403 to masons’ workplaces;
Masonry of load-bearing external walls 770 mm thick with cladding and internal brick walls 380 mm thick, as well as internal partitions 250 and 120 mm thick;
Laying precast concrete lintels using a tower crane and individual reinforcing bars by hand over window and door openings along the course of the masonry;
Installation, movement and dismantling of inventory scaffolds using a tower crane.
1.3. The technological map provides for the execution of work in a single-shift operating mode, both in summer and winter construction conditions.
1.4. If the conditions for the production of work specified in the technological map change, the technological map is linked at the stage of adjusting the work project, which is drawn up in the form of additional instructions.
II. Justification for the work organization scheme
2.1. When carrying out work on the construction of external and internal load-bearing walls, inter-apartment and interior partitions made of brick must comply with the requirements of SNIP 12-01-2004 “Construction Organization”. Organization of construction production, SNiP 3.03.01-87. Load-bearing and enclosing structures, SNiP 12-04-2002 (section 9), as well as SNiP 12-03-2001. Occupational safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements.
2.2. Before starting masonry work, the following work must be completed on a typical floor of each section:
All work on the installation of interfloor ceilings, flights of stairs, blocks of elevator shafts, ventilation blocks and garbage chutes of the underlying floors has been completely completed;
A geodetic check was carried out and as-built diagrams were drawn up
Fencing of areas of interfloor slabs subject to grouting has been completed;
All necessary materials and products were delivered and stored at the construction site in the area of the tower crane (Fig. 1);
Fig.1. Masonry jobs
A- when laying solid walls, b- when laying walls with openings, zones :
1 - working, 2 - materials, 3 - transport
The necessary devices, equipment, personal protective equipment for workers, scaffolding and tools have been prepared for work;
Workers and technical workers employed in stone and related installation work familiarized with the work project and trained in safe working methods.