What is the best way to decorate the wall behind the wood stove in a sauna? Welded metal stove, metal 4mm thick. From the stove to the wall about 20-25cm. The best way to finish the wall is to prevent the lining from charring and catching fire. Are soapstone or coil slabs suitable? And is it possible to glue them directly to the lining?
You're right. For the safe operation of a metal stove, the distance you specified (20-25 cm) to the wooden surface of the wall is not enough. Metal stoves are characterized by active thermal radiation, at peak moments the firebox becomes red from heating. A wooden wall surface or ceiling partition, when heated to 100 °C, is guaranteed to ignite. This is especially true for wood in a steam room, where it is constantly dried to minimum humidity levels.
One of the ideal options for a metal stove in a bathhouse is shown in the photo. The oven is partially covered with brick on three sides, which allows for additional heat accumulation. There is also a screen made of fireproof material installed on the wall. This can be a layer of basalt cardboard or cotton wool, with a galvanized sheet on top of it.
Double wall protection
It is better to connect the heat-insulating material of the screen with “grooves”.
Combining thermal insulation joints
Soapstone is excellent decorative material. It is most often used for lining stoves and fireplaces, and sometimes even for laying stoves. Its main advantages in our case become disadvantages. This material perfectly accumulates and transfers heat, as evidenced by the heating of the surface on which it is installed. Therefore, if your choice fell on this stone, we can offer to replace part of the wall (or flammable internal lining) brick. It can even be decorative. And in this area it is already possible to lay soapstone tiles on heat-resistant adhesive for lining stoves and fireplaces.
The same recommendations apply to products made from coils. If done well, this protection option will not only look harmonious and be the highlight of the sauna, but will also provide you with almost 100% fire safety.
Option with soapstone
Have an easy and safe steam!
How to decorate the wall behind the stove in a sauna: cladding options
What material is best to use for finishing the wall behind the wood-burning stove in the sauna, so that the lining does not char and catch fire. Facing sauna stove and walls
Protecting walls in a bathhouse from stove heat: how to properly make a protective screen or casing
When you heat the bathhouse for procedures, the surface of the oven can heat up to 300-400 degrees. In the process, it emits infrared rays and itself becomes a source of heating. The radiated heat is distributed throughout the steam room, but first it touches the walls, which are located near the wall. If the walls in your steam room are made of wood, then due to the high temperature they will begin to char. And this can cause fire and fire. Despite the fact that various means for protecting wood and other options for eliminating this problem are advertised, the most effective method of insulation was and remains the arrangement of a protective screen and cladding made of non-flammable materials.
In what situations is wall protection needed?
There are situations when protecting the walls near the stove is not necessary. For example, if between the stove and the closest surface there is a safe distance from the point of view of fire regulations. This distance should be enough to disperse the infrared rays so that they weaken and do not damage the wall.
fire safe distance from a metal stove to the walls of the bathhouse
The safe distance from the wall is:
- to a brick stove (with ¼ brick masonry) - no less than 0.32 m;
- to a non-lined metal furnace - at least 1 m.
- to a metal furnace lined inside with brick or fireclay - no less than 0.7 m.
Such a safe, fire-safe distance can generally only be organized in steam rooms with impressive parameters. In smaller family-type steam rooms, when there is a need to save every centimeter, installing a stove at such a distance is not a justifiable luxury. Therefore, for such small steam rooms, it is better to use screens or special cladding to protect the walls.
Protective screen around the oven.
Shields are insulating shields that cover the sides of the oven and reduce the intensity of heat rays.
Screens can be made of brick or metal. They are mainly used for metal stoves.
Option No. 1 – metal screen. The most commonly used protective screen is made of steel or cast iron sheets,
which is bought ready-made. It is mounted around the stove at a distance of 1-5 cm from the walls of the firebox. There are side and front screens, choose depending on which side of the stove you need to cover. Manufacturers often make furnaces already equipped with a screen - a casing.
The protective screen makes it possible to reduce the temperature of the external surfaces of the stove to 80-100 degrees, thereby reducing the safe distance to 50 cm. As a result, the distance from the firebox to the wall, including an installation gap of 1-5 cm, will be 51-55 cm. Install The protective screen is not complicated, it is usually equipped with legs that simply need to be bolted to the floor.
Option No. 2 – protective screen made of brick.
With such a screen you can cover all the side parts of the stove, thus making an outer lining for it. As a result, the stove will stand in a brick casing.
Or you can simply separate the oven and the fire-hazardous surface with such a screen.
The material for the screen used as wall protection is solid fireclay brick. For the binder, take a solution made of cement or clay. Craftsmen advise making masonry in half a brick (12 cm thick). But if you don’t have enough material, you can make a screen in ¼ brick (6 cm), but this will lead to a reduction in the thermal insulation performance of the protective wall by half. And then you need to take such changes into account when calculating the safe distance.
bathhouse wall protection - brick screen
When laying, you need to leave small holes in the lower part (sometimes with fire doors). They will serve to create air exchange in the space between the stove and the screen.
The height of the brick screen should exceed the height of the stove by at least 20 cm. There are cases when the protective screen is laid out up to the ceiling.
Such a screen is not made close to the stove - you need to leave 5-15 cm. So that the walls are protected reliably optimal distance between the screen and the wall should be from 5 to 15 cm. Using a protective brick screen, you can reduce the distance from the stove to the wall to 22-42 cm. (stove + gap 5-15 cm + brick -12 cm + gap 5-15 cm. + wall),
Non-combustible wall cladding for protection.
Any wall that is adjacent to a hot stove is not immune to spontaneous combustion. To prevent overheating of the walls, it is recommended to use special sheathing, which consists of heat-insulating and non-combustible materials.
Construction of a bathhouse
Sheathing, which includes non-combustible thermal insulation and metal sheets, has proven itself to be excellent. So, you need to attach a heat-insulating material to a wooden surface, and then a stainless steel sheet on top of it.
To increase the effectiveness of such cladding, you need to polish the metal sheet well. The specularity of the surface will improve the reflection of heat rays from the wood and naturally prevent its heating. Another advantage is that, by redirecting hard IR rays back into the steam room, stainless metal makes them softer and people perceive them more easily.
reflective wall cladding
You can install the following thermal insulation material under a sheet of metal:
- Basalt wool - it has high thermal insulation and increased hygroscopicity. It is safe even in extreme steam room conditions, and it does not burn.
- Basalt cardboard is basalt fiber in the form of thin sheets. Fireproof, sound and heat insulating material.
- Asbestos cardboard is a fire-resistant heat-insulating material in sheets. It is characterized by excellent strength, durability and the ability to protect surfaces prone to fire from ignition.
- Minerite is a non-flammable slab that is made specifically for creating screens near stoves, fireplaces and other surfaces in a bathhouse or sauna that can easily catch fire.
The following cladding scheme is popular:
Wall – ventilation gap 2-3cm. – insulation 1-2 cm. – metal sheet. The safe distance from the stove to the wall will be at least 38 cm.
Ceramic bushings are used to secure the sheathing to the wall. They do not heat up and additionally serve to create a ventilation gap between the wall and the layer of heat-insulating material.
If you were unable to install the stove at a safe distance, then you need to cover it with two layers of heat-insulating material. In this option, the sheets are secured through bushings, maintaining a gap of 2-3 cm, and the top sheet is covered with a metal sheet.
Russian bath project
Reflective cladding is an excellent protection for wood walls from heat and fire, but it may not always look beautiful or appropriate in a steam room. If you have a steam room with a certain design or decor, you can disguise such cladding heat resistant tiles. To lay such tiles you need to use heat-resistant adhesive.
Protection of the wall near the stove with lining can be made of the following materials:
- Terracotta tiles are made from fired clay and have excellent strength, heat resistance and service life. Terracotta can be matte or glazed, with shades ranging from pastel yellow to brick red.
- Clinker tiles are clay tiles similar to facing bricks. Its structure is denser than that of terracotta. The color may be your favorite, even white or black, or something completely unusual for tiles - blue or green.
- Tiles are a type of ceramic tile. A characteristic feature is embossing in the form of a pattern or ornament on the front part.
- Porcelain tiles are tiles of increased strength and heat resistance. Different way processing the front side forms a different surface. Porcelain tiles can imitate stone, brick or wood. The color palette includes natural shades, from white to black.
- Soapstone is a natural mountain stone of gray or green hue. Distinctive features: fire resistance, water resistance, strength.
protective cladding with cladding
Using fire resistant tiles to cover a wall will not provide thermal insulation. The walls will heat up anyway. The tile serves only one component in this design:
Wall – ventilation gap 2-3 cm. – fire-resistant material in sheets – tiles. The distance from the stove to the tiles should be at least 15-20 cm.
Refractory material can be:
- Fire-resistant drywall (GKLO) is a drywall containing fiberglass. It does not deform under the influence of heat.
- Minerite is a non-flammable cement-fiber board. In addition, it is moisture resistant and not subject to rotting or decomposition.
- Glass-magnesium sheet (GML) is a slab material that contains fiberglass and magnesium binder. This material is famous for its heat and sound insulation properties, and its resistance to temperature changes and the influence of water.
If the wall protection is carried out in compliance with all the rules and the organization of a ventilation gap, then such cladding will have a low heat absorption rate, and the wall will hardly heat up. In addition, using tiles for cladding will mask the protective layer well, and you will not spoil the style and design of the steam room.
Protecting walls in a bathhouse from stove heat: how to properly make a protective screen or casing
protecting the walls of the bathhouse from the heat of the stove. Why is it needed and what is the fireproof distance from the walls to the stove. Protective screens, protective sheathing and sheathing with cladding
Protecting the walls of the bathhouse from the heat of the stove: rules for constructing protective screens and casings
During the heating of the bath, the surface of the stove heats up to 300-400°C. At the same time, it begins to emit infrared rays and itself becomes a source of heating. The coming heat is distributed throughout the steam room, but first of all it hits the walls adjacent to the stove. If the walls are wooden, then under the influence of high temperatures their charring begins. And there it’s already a stone’s throw away! The only one for real effective method insulating wooden walls from heat - creating protective screens and cladding from non-combustible materials in the bathhouse.
When is protection needed at all?
The need to install protective casings and screens does not always arise. If a fire-safe distance is maintained between the stove and the nearest flammable surface, additional protection is not needed. At this distance, the IR rays are scattered, weakened, and the amount of them that the wooden wall receives can no longer lead to damage.
It is believed that the safe distance from the wall to brick oven(quarter brick laying) is at least 0.32 m, from the wall to a metal stove (not lined) - at least 1 m. For a metal stove lined from the inside with brick or fireclay, the distance is reduced to 0.7 m.
Thus, maintaining fire safety distances is more possible in large baths, where the issue of saving space is not relevant. In family steam rooms, where every centimeter of space counts, installing a stove 0.3-1 m from the nearest walls is impractical. In this case, the safety distances established by the standards must be reduced using screens and casings.
Protective screens near (around) the stove
Protective screens are insulation panels that cover the side surfaces of the furnace and reduce the intensity of thermal radiation. Screens can be metal or brick. As a rule, they are used for metal furnaces.
Method #1 - metal screens
The most common protective screens are factory-made steel or cast iron sheets. They are installed around the stove, at a distance of 1-5 cm from the walls of the firebox. Depending on the need to insulate one side or another of the furnace, you can purchase side or front (front) screens. Many metal furnaces are initially manufactured with protective screens in the form of a protective casing.
Protective screens make it possible to reduce the temperature of external metal surfaces to 80-100°C and, accordingly, reduce the fireproof distance to 50 cm. The total distance from the firebox to the wall (including a gap of 1-5 cm) will be 51-55 cm.
Installing protective screens is not difficult. Thanks to the presence of legs, metal panels are easily bolted to the floor.
Method #2 - brick screens
A brick screen can cover all the side surfaces of a metal furnace, representing its outer cladding. Then the oven will be in a casing made of brickwork. In another case, a brick screen is a wall separating the stove and the flammable surface.
To lay the protective screen, solid fireclay bricks are used. The binder is cement or clay mortar. It is recommended to use half a brick (thickness 120 mm). But, if there is a lack of material, it is possible to make a wall of a quarter of a brick (60 mm thick), although in this case the thermal insulation properties of the screen will be reduced by half.
Small openings (sometimes with fire doors) are left at the bottom of the shield for air convection between the brick wall and the stove.
The brick walls of the screen must end at least 20 cm above the top surface of the oven. Sometimes the masonry goes all the way to the ceiling.
The brick screen is not installed flush against the walls of the stove, the optimal distance is 5-15 cm. The acceptable distance from the brickwork to the flammable wall is 5-15 cm. Thus, the use of a brick screen allows you to reduce the distance from the stove to the wooden wall to 22-42 cm (stove - ventilation gap 5-15 cm - brick 12 cm - ventilation gap 5-15 cm - wall).
Protective non-combustible wall coverings
Walls adjacent to the hot furnace walls are susceptible to spontaneous combustion. To prevent their overheating, special casings consisting of heat-insulating and non-combustible materials are used.
Option #1 - reflective trim
Sheathing consisting of a combination of non-combustible insulation and metal sheets is effective. In this case, thermal insulation is attached to the wooden surface, which is covered with a stainless steel sheet on top. Some use galvanizing for these purposes, but, according to some data, when heated, it can release harmful substances. It’s better not to risk it and buy a stainless steel sheet.
For greater efficiency, the metal sheet of the screen must be well polished. The mirror surface helps to reflect heat rays from the wooden surface and, accordingly, prevents its heating. In addition, a stainless steel sheet, directing IR rays back into the steam room, transforms hard radiation into softer radiation, better perceived by humans.
The following can be fixed under stainless steel as thermal insulation:
- Basalt wool - it has high thermal insulation properties and is absolutely safe when used in a bathhouse. It has increased hygroscopicity and does not burn.
- Basalt cardboard is thin sheets of basalt fiber. Used as a fireproof, sound and heat insulating material.
- Asbestos cardboard is a sheet fire-resistant heat insulator. It has high strength and durability, protects flammable surfaces from ignition.
- Minerite is a non-flammable sheet (plate) specially manufactured for shielding stoves, fireplaces, and easily flammable surfaces in baths and saunas.
A popular example of cladding using a metal sheet is this “pie”: wall – ventilation gap (2-3 cm) – insulation (1-2 cm) – stainless steel sheet. The distance from the wooden wall to the stove is at least 38 cm (SNiP 41-01-2003).
Ceramic bushings are used to attach the sheathing to the wall. They do not heat up and allow the formation of ventilation gaps between the thermal insulation and the wall.
If the distance between wooden wall and the stove is minimal, then the cladding is made of two layers of fireproof insulation, for example, mineralite. In this case, the sheets are fixed through ceramic bushings, maintaining a gap of 2-3 cm. The top sheet is covered with stainless steel.
Option #2 - sheathing with cladding
Of course, protective cladding with stainless steel perfectly protects wooden walls from heat and fire. But it can spoil the impression of the most expensive finish. Therefore, if the steam room is designed in a decorative style, the fire-resistant lining is masked with heat-resistant tiles. The tiles are laid on heat-resistant adhesive, for example, produced by Terracotta.
The best materials for cladding walls near the stove:
- Terracotta tiles are made from baked clay. It is characterized by strength, heat resistance, durability. Terracotta tiles can be matte or glazed (majolica), and the color varies from pastel yellow to brick red.
- Clinker tiles are also made of clay and look similar to facing bricks. Unlike terracotta, clinker tiles are denser. The color range covers almost all colors, ranging from white to black, including green and blue tones, unusual for clay.
- Tiles are a type of ceramic tile. It usually has embossing on the front surface in the form of a design or ornament.
- Porcelain tiles are heat-resistant, durable tiles. Depending on the method of processing the front surface, tiles can imitate natural stone, brick, or wood. The color range includes all natural shades, from white to black.
- Soapstone is a rock of grayish or greenish color. It is fireproof, waterproof and durable.
Attaching fire-resistant tiles directly to walls will not have any thermal insulation effect. The wall will still heat up, which can lead to spontaneous combustion. Therefore, tiles are used only as an element of a protective “pie” of the following design: wall – ventilation gap (2-3 cm) – fire-resistant sheet material – tiles. It is recommended to maintain a minimum distance of 15-20 cm from the tiles to the oven walls.
Any material from this list can be used as a fire-resistant element in the cladding:
- Fire-resistant drywall (GKLO) is drywall supplemented with fiberglass fibers. Resists thermal effects without structural deformation.
- Minerite is a cement-fiber board, absolutely non-flammable. Minerite slabs are moisture resistant, do not rot, and do not decompose.
- Glass-magnesium sheet (FMS) is a material in the form of plates made on the basis of magnesium binder and fiberglass. It has heat and sound insulation properties and is not destroyed by water and temperature changes.
The protective cladding, which must comply with the ventilation gap, has a very low heat absorption coefficient, so the wall underneath it practically does not heat up. In addition, the use of cladding allows you to disguise the protective “pie” and maintain the finishing of the steam room in the same style.
Protecting the walls of the bathhouse from the heat of the stove: installing protective sheathing and screens
Let's figure out how to protect the walls of the bathhouse from the heat of the stove. Installation of protective casings and special screens. Technical rules fire safety.
How to decorate a stove in a bathhouse
Metal stoves have gained great popularity among home bath owners in recent years. The reason for this was the ease and speed of installation and affordable pricing. However, they have a number of disadvantages, ranging from unpresentable appearance to the likelihood of a fire. The finishing of the stove in the bathhouse is carried out to reduce negative factors.
During operation, the temperature of the metal furnace in the bath reaches about 400 0. Metal heated to such a temperature can cause a fire in nearby wooden structures. In order to counter fire safety There are permissible distances established by SNiP from a metal heating source to the wall. In the absence of protective screens, the distance should be at least 1 meter.
In large rooms, maintaining such a distance is not difficult. But if the question concerns a small home bath, every centimeter of space is important.
To reduce the permissible distance, a number of measures are taken:
- install protective screens around the stove itself;
- sheathe sections of walls located in close proximity to the source of ignition.
Metal screens
Installation of steel sheets allows you to reduce the fire hazard distance. From the wooden surface to the steel screen it is enough to maintain 50 cm.
Protective screens made of metal can be either factory-made or welded independently. During installation, it is necessary to create a ventilation gap between the heating part of the stove and the metal screen. The presence of a ventilation duct helps to heat the casing up to 100 0 . Factory screens are equipped with legs and fasteners; using them, installing the sheets will not be difficult.
Brick screens
There are two options for installing a brick screen:
- a brick partition is erected only between the wooden wall of the bathhouse and the metal stove;
- The oven is covered with brick walls on all sides.
It is enough to leave a distance of 10-15 cm between the wooden wall and the brick screen.
Covering walls with heat-reflecting screens
Reflective cladding is a heat-insulating material covered with a stainless steel sheet on top. This option allows you to reduce the distance from protective coating before work surface ovens up to 38 cm.
Non-flammable, durable materials with low thermal conductivity are used as a protective layer that prevents the wooden surface from catching fire:
- basalt wool(basalt canvas, basalt slabs, basalt cardboard), sometimes called stone wool. Made from rock (basalt), it is an environmentally friendly material. It does not emit harmful compounds when heated, withstands temperatures up to 600 0 without collapsing or losing its properties. It has good water-repellent ability, does not absorb moisture at all and does not cause corrosion of adjacent materials;
- mineralite slabs- the main component in them is cement. They are able to withstand temperatures of 600 0, but the operating temperature at which the properties do not change is 150 0. Absorbs and releases moisture well. Minerite is harmless to the respiratory tract when heated;
- asbestos boards or asbestos cardboard. Some consider it a carcinogenic material that is harmful to health, but this has not been scientifically proven. Asbestos dust can cause harm to the body if inhaled. Covered with a metal sheet on top, asbestos has proven itself to be a good thermal insulation material;
- expanded vermeculite slabs do not contain asbestos and are made of mountain mica. They have low specific gravity and high mechanical strength. Such slabs can be coated with a layer of plaster and covered with ceramic tiles.
Above thermal insulation layer covered with a stainless steel sheet. In some cases, galvanized iron is used, but it is “transparent” to IR rays. The polished surface of the steel is able to reflect heat rays, directing them back into the bathhouse.
Metal sheets are mounted on ceramic mounts that are not subject to strong heat. For free circulation of air flows, preventing heating of the wooden wall, it is necessary to provide a ventilation gap. To do this, a ventilation gap is provided between the heat-insulating layer and the wall. The screen is mounted, leaving a distance above the floor and above the ceiling.
Sheathing followed by cladding
You can ensure an aesthetically presentable appearance of the bathhouse by decorating the thermal insulation layer fireproof tiles, which must be installed using heat-resistant glue.
To ensure high thermal insulation protection of the wooden surface from the heat of the stove, fire-resistant materials are mounted on it, which can be used as:
- glass magnetic sheets, resistant to high temperatures and high humidity. They are characterized by high elasticity and mechanical strength. When heated, they do not emit toxic substances;
- expanded vermiculite sheets;
- mineralite slabs.
Facing types: tiles
The following types of tiles have proven themselves well for cladding thermal insulation areas:
- Terracotta tiles. Eco-friendly unglazed tiles made from colored clay without mechanical impurities through long-term firing in ovens. It has increased heat resistance and does not emit harmful substances or specific odors when heated. During operation it does not lose its original color. It has color palette from gray to beige. It has textured options for wood and stone. Able to retain heat for a long time.
- Clinker tiles made from shale clay. It is fired at a temperature of about 1200 0 in one cycle. Does not cause harm to health during the heating process. Such tiles are durable, have increased resistance to abrasion and color loss. The palette of produced colors ranges from black to white.
- Porcelain tiles. Artificial finishing material consisting of clay, quartz sand and kaolin. It withstands humid environments and high temperatures well and is not destroyed by thermal shock. Has a long service life. Manufacturers produce glazed, matte, polished porcelain tiles, structured to resemble leather, wood, and stone.
- Soapstone tiles. Natural material of mountain origin, most often gray in color, but interspersed with brown, cherry, yellow and green shades. Withstands repeated heating and high humidity, accumulates and releases heat well.
Installation of a brick casing around a metal plate
The brick casing for shielding the furnace has significant weight, and a prerequisite for its installation is the presence of a foundation.
Foundation structure
If the brickwork around a metal stove is made in a bathhouse that has already been built, the floor covering will have to be dismantled.
The size of the concrete base is calculated by adding the size of the brickwork 20 cm + ventilation gap 10 cm + horizontal dimensions of the metal furnace.
Installation begins by selecting a layer of soil. The depth depends on the degree of soil freezing and is about 60 cm.
In the case of close groundwater, geotextiles or roofing felt, well coated with bitumen mastic, are laid on the bottom and sides of the pit.
A sand cushion is installed on the base of the resulting pit. The sand is laid wet and compacted thoroughly. A layer of gravel or crushed stone is poured on top and compacted.
Add another layer of sand 15 cm thick.
- assemble a reinforcing grid from reinforcement or metal rods, with a cell size of 10*10;
- pour concrete mortar, not reaching the edges of the pit by 10 cm;
- after this, the concrete needs time to “mature” for three weeks;
- on top of concrete base lay several layers of roofing felt and install a heat-resistant slab;
- lay a continuous row of bricks, which should not protrude beyond the boundaries of the refractory sheet; voids in the masonry are also unacceptable. Excess solution is immediately removed;
- the second row is laid similarly to the first, but with offset seams;
- observance of the horizontal plane is considered a mandatory condition.
Preparation of mortar for masonry
You can purchase a ready-made solution in a store or use a sand-clay mixture. To determine the best ratio of sand and clay, make a small batch from which a cylinder or bar is formed. Pay attention to the possible appearance of cracks, the absence of which is an indicator of quality.
It is preferable to use clay used for masonry from deep layers, without earthen and mechanical impurities.
To give the clay the required consistency and plasticity, it is kept in water for several days, after which it is ground through a sieve to remove debris.
A 1:1 proportion of clay and sand is considered good; liquid is added to it in small portions.
A high-quality mixture does not stick to the trowel and does not drip from it. When running a trowel over the solution, the mark left behind should not blur or have a torn structure.
To improve the quality of the masonry, add rock salt at the rate of 0.1 kg per bucket of finished mortar. It is also good to add cement and fireclay powder.
Technological process of furnace lining
The laying of a protective casing around a metal plate is carried out:
- red solid brick, which has a high degree of heat resistance and a long service life;
- fireclay brick, which has the same characteristics, but a higher cost;
- ceramic refractory brick: it has all the positive properties solid brick, but at the same time it has a more aesthetic appearance and can be used as a cladding.
In some cases, masonry is carried out with hollow bricks, but it must be taken into account that it has worse heat retention characteristics.
It is advisable to soak the brick before starting work. Dry brick is able to quickly absorb the liquid fraction through capillaries and does not allow the binding part of the solution to penetrate inside to increase the adhesion of the masonry. In the summer, this method is not difficult.
If the construction process takes place in the autumn-spring period, in cold, damp weather it is quite problematic to dry wet bricks into the finished product. Heating for drying means dealing a blow to the strength even before the stove starts operating: uneven heating will destroy the seams. It is also impossible to leave the stove undried over the winter; the cold will tear the masonry under the influence of negative temperatures. In this case, make a more liquid solution and slightly wet the surface of the brick.
In case of insufficient construction experience To make it easier to maintain a horizontal plane, stretch a cord or fishing line around the perimeter of the masonry. The inconvenience of this method is the need to raise the fishing line with each row.
You can pay 30-50% less for light, depending on what electrical appliances you use.
Finishing a stove in a bathhouse - how and with what material to finish a stove in a bathhouse
Finishing a stove in a bathhouse In this article, you will learn about finishing the stove: the material for lining the stove depends not only on the preferences of the bathhouse owner, but also on some other factors.
To equip heating structures, fireproof sheet materials for fireplaces and stoves are also needed, since combustion devices heat up to high temperatures during operation.
Only then are they able to transfer heat to the surrounding space. At the same time, surfaces are heated, especially walls that are located closest to the stove or fireplace. And to avoid fire, screens and cladding are also made from such composites, which should also have an aesthetic appearance.
Types of OLM
This includes asbestos and metal.
Asbestos sheets are characterized by withstanding prolonged heating up to +500 °C. Poorly conductive of heat, they do not lose strength and are used to construct fire-resistant walls.
Steel plates in the form of elements of stoves and fireplaces are placed in front of the doors of these heating systems.
Fire-resistant sheet materials for stove and fireplace protective screens
Protective screens made of steel sheets are mostly used for metal combustion products to insulate their side walls. They are installed at a distance of up to 5 cm from the walls heating device and reduce thermal radiation.
Screens can be side or front. With their help, the temperature on the outer surfaces of combustion systems is reduced to +100 °C, which improves fire safety. Installation of convenient protective screens is simple and is carried out by attaching them to the floor using special legs.
Fire resistant wall cladding
As an option, to protect the surrounding space from heating operating heating products, it is possible to create heat-reflecting cladding. It is equipped to avoid ignition if the wall of the room fits tightly to the stove or fireplace surface and becomes excessively hot.
Heat-resistant screens for sauna stoves. Part 1
Reflective trim
It is effective to use cladding consisting of fire-resistant sheets in combination with non-flammable thermal insulation composites.
Fire-resistant sheet materials are mounted on top of thermal insulation; it is preferable to use stainless steel sheets for such cladding, since galvanized steel sheets can release toxic substances into the air when heated. To make protection more effective, steel sheet polished to a mirror level: this way heat rays are better reflected from the metal, and the wall heats up even less.
There is a whole range of OLM for cladding:
- basalt cardboard, made of basalt fiber, provides good heat and sound insulation;
- asbestos cardboard is durable and strong;
- mineralite; protective screens for stoves and fireplaces are also made from its sheets.
Cladding with cladding
Facing the mineralite surface with soapstone tiles
The following fire-resistant sheet materials are used for it:
- fire-resistant plasterboard - it is made with the addition of fiberglass and does not deform under the influence of thermal radiation;
- mineralite, it is also characterized by high moisture resistance and the ability not to collapse under the influence of elevated temperatures;
- The glass-magnesium sheet is made of fiberglass (in which the magnesium substance acts as a binder), it is able to withstand high temperatures.
Heat-resistant screens for sauna stoves. Part 2
Wall cladding with sheet fire-resistant material
To ensure the fireproof condition of the room, you need to wisely select the material for covering the walls near which the heating structure is located.
And vermiculite panels are ranked among the most effective OLM. Moreover, such slabs are used to ensure fire safety in various rooms, including enterprises of the nuclear and oil refining industries.
Among the advantages of fire-resistant vermiculite boards are their:
Scheme of thermal protection of a wall and fireplace lining with a vermiculite slab
- For thermal insulation of fireplaces and stoves.
- For fire protection of structures made of different materials.
- To ensure that various objects can withstand fire hazards.
- For guaranteed fire resistance of various indoor items, including stoves and fireplaces.
Vermiculite boards, as representatives of OLM, are installed simply and quickly and do not require professional training. Processing them on all sides of a stove or fireplace ensures protection of the room from the effects of fire and high temperatures, and therefore such fire-resistant sheet materials are optimal in solving the problem associated with the fire safety of the room.
All samples of fire-resistant sheet materials for stoves and fireplaces are modern, high-quality products. In addition to fire protection, they provide heating devices with resistance to various types of damage, including mechanical and chemical.
Video: Screen for a metal stove - protection of wooden walls
Sheet fireproof protection is used in cases where it is impossible to achieve the required fire-safe distance from the source of ignition to materials that can quickly ignite or begin to smolder. Most often, such protection is used in bathhouses or near home fireplaces, since limited space does not always make it possible to comply regulatory requirements fire safety.
Current fire safety standards for brick stoves are located at a distance of 0.32 m from the walls, for steel lined structures - 0.7 m and not lined - 1 m. For small premises, it is simply impossible to comply with fire safety standards, then fire-resistant non-flammable sheets are used material. It protects walls, floors and ceilings from smoldering or fire when exposed to fire sources and high temperatures.
Types of fireproof protection
Asbestos sheets can withstand temperatures up to +510 0 C, have a high degree of fire resistance and low thermal conductivity. They are produced in plates and other modifications. They are used when it is necessary to prevent ignition near stoves, for fireplaces, as thermal insulation for finishing walls and ceilings exposed to high temperatures.
Steel sheets are quite often used in the furnace business. Steel corners, channels, wires and solid sheets are used to insulate walls and floors near fireplaces and stoves.
Protective thermal screen - serves as a thermal insulator for the side walls of the stove. By reducing the heat load, screens made of metal or brick protect against excessive heat release from a metal stove. For fireplaces and stoves, cast iron or industrial steel is used, the sheets of which are mounted at a distance of up to 5 cm from the firebox.
The use of protective screens helps lower the temperature of the outside of the heating element to +100 0 C. The minimum distance from the wall to the screen can be 0.55 m.
There are also basalt wool, panels with vermiculite (temperature conditions up to +1100 0 C), which are also distinguished by high resistance to mechanical damage. Vermiculite panels can be used as finishing for bio-fireplaces with the effect of a live fire.
Where and how to use sheet fire protection
Sheets of material that can protect against fire are used for floors, walls and ceilings in a house where there is a source that promotes the spread of fire or in bath rooms, near a stove (heater).
Non-combustible sheet materials are used to cover the walls adjacent to the stove. A metal sheet is mounted on top of the thermal insulation attached to the wall. It is advisable to choose stainless steel, since galvanizing can release toxins when heated. For a higher heat reflective coefficient, the sheet must be in a mirror-like state. Then the heat will be better reflected from the surface and the walls will heat up less. In addition, if you use this design in a steam room, a person will receive softer and more diffused heat, which is much more comfortable than direct radiation from the stove.
For cladding with fire-resistant materials, fabrics from:
- basalt cardboard – thin sheets that have not only high thermal but also sound insulation;
- asbestos cardboard – strong, durable and heat-resistant sheets;
- vermiculite boards – noise and thermal insulation, fire resistance, environmental friendliness and effective design solutions;
- mineralite sheets are a component of the protective screen in stoves and fireplaces, including those installed in bathhouses.
The sheathing is done as follows: from the wall - a gap of 3 cm, a thermal insulation layer - 2 cm (metal sheet). This design can reduce the distance between the stove and the wall to 0.38 m. The gap is provided by ceramic bushings.
Since the metal sheet itself does not look attractive, it is often covered with tiles. What it looks like in the photo below: a wall with a 3 cm gap, fireproof padding, tiles.
Fire-resistant building materials include fire-resistant plasterboard, mineralite boards (good because they are not exposed to moisture, mold and rotting processes do not form in them), glass magnet sheets. The latter also have increased noise insulation, water resistance, heat-saving functions and do not deform under sudden temperature changes.
A feature of modern sauna stoves is their heating temperature, which can reach 400 degrees. An important indicator of the efficiency of the furnace is instant heating of the body and maximum heat transfer.
The entire heating process is accompanied by the release of infrared radiation, which is distributed on surfaces adjacent to the furnace. Under the influence of high temperatures, the wooden structure of the bathhouse can char or ignite.
This is why it is so important to ensure that wooden surfaces are reliably insulated from the heat of the stove. A protective screen and casing made of fire-resistant materials are suitable for this.
When is thermal protection required?
An urgent need to install additional protective elements arises in cases of non-compliance with the fire-safe distance between the stove and the surfaces adjacent to it.
At an unsafe distance, the infrared radiation released when heating sauna stoves hits the walls and is not scattered. This leads to damage to wooden surfaces or a fire hazard in general.
The safe distance between the wall and the heating structure depends on the material from which it is made:
So the distance from the wall to the stove:
- made of brick - 35 cm;
- made of metal (without interior decoration) – 100 cm;
- made of metal (with interior decoration made of brick or fireclay tiles) – up to 70 cm.
In small rooms where it is not possible to maintain a safe distance from the wall to the stove, it is more rational to install a protective screen or casing.
Protective thermal screens
As the main protection of the walls of the bathhouse, heat-resistant screens are used - special insulation shields to cover the side surfaces of the stove and reduce the intensity of the spread of IR radiation in the room.
Screens are divided into two categories: metal and brick.
Metal
Protective screen made of sheets of steel or cast iron. It is mounted around the perimeter of the sauna stove, while maintaining small technological gaps (3-5 cm) between the screen and the outer walls of the heating structure to ensure additional air convection.
Depending on the characteristics of the walls of the bathhouse and the type of stove, metal screens can be front and side. Some models of metal stoves are produced with an additional protective casing, which is installed when installing the firebox.
Installation of metal screens is carried out using adjustable legs with bolts to the floor covering. In addition, the legs allow for clearance at the bottom of the structure for additional ventilation. To increase service life, the screens are coated with a fire-resistant paint layer.
Advantages:
- reduction in the intensity of IR rays;
- improvement of air convection between the oven walls and the screen;
- reduction of the overall heating temperature of the external walls of the heating structure.
Brick
A protective screen made of brick is intended for enclosing the walls of a sauna stove.
The masonry is done in ½ brick around the perimeter, maintaining technological gaps of 6 cm. The lower part of the structure is equipped with additional air ducts at a distance of 2.5 cm from each other.
To construct a brick screen for furnaces, heat-resistant fireclay bricks without voids are used. As a connecting mixture - a thick solution of cement or clay.
The finished screen walls should be 22–25 cm higher than the wall of the heating structure.
Advantages:
- low thermal conductivity of the material from which the screen is made;
- resistance to high humidity and high temperatures;
- long-term accumulation of heat in the room;
- receiving soft heat from the stove.
Protective wall coverings
To provide thermal protection for the walls of the bathhouse, special linings made of fire-resistant materials are provided. They prevent overheating of surfaces and reduce the likelihood of a fire in the room.
Important! The height of the casing must exceed the height of the walls of the heating structure by 120 cm. The distance between the walls of the bathhouse and the casing is at least 3 cm. To ensure air convection, technological gaps are provided at the top and bottom of the casing.
Reflective coverings
This option for protecting bath walls consists of metal sheets and a heat-resistant layer of thermal insulation. First, a heat-insulating layer is attached, and a sheet of metal with a polished surface is mounted on top of it.
It is non-combustible insulation that ensures effective reflection of thermal energy from wooden surfaces, reducing their heating.
Important! The sheet reflector produces a softer heat that is easily perceived by the human body.
The following is used as a thermal insulation layer:
- Basalt wool. Environmental and safe material, characterized by high thermal insulation, hygroscopic and fire-resistant characteristics.
- Cardboard boards made of basalt fiber. A material characterized by good sound and heat insulation properties. In addition, it is resistant to fire and rotting.
- Asbestos cardboard boards. A material that is wear-resistant, impact-resistant and fire-resistant.
- Minerite panels. A popular fireproof material that provides structures with reliable protection from overheating and possible ignition.
To fasten such cladding, ceramic bushings that are resistant to heat are used. If there is a minimum safe distance from the walls of the bathhouse to the casing, a double layer of thermal insulation is installed.
Cladding with facing surface
If it is necessary to comply with the general style of the room, decorative finishing can be used for protective cladding.
The most common finishing materials for thermal sheathing:
- Terracotta (tiles). Wear-resistant material made from natural clay rock by firing. It is characterized by high wear resistance, durability, practicality and resistance to high temperatures. Terracotta is available matte and glazed.
- Clinker (tiles). The refractory material is made from clay and has a high density. Externally it resembles a brick for cladding.
- Tiles (tiles). A modern material, the front surface of which is represented by a textured pattern, ornament or texture.
- Soapstone chlorite. A pure rock that has a characteristic shade of gray or green. The material is characterized by impact resistance, wear resistance, heat resistance, durability and low hygroscopicity.
- Porcelain stoneware slabs. Impact-resistant and heat-resistant facing material. The textured surface of the tile allows you to imitate other natural materials - stone, wood, brick.
Installation of fire-resistant cladding in the steam room is carried out on a thermal insulation base using special heat-resistant solutions. The finished cladding has the following form: wooden surface – technological gap (3 cm) – fire-resistant base – facing tiles.
The following materials can be used as a fireproof base:
- Heat-resistant plasterboard panels with the addition of fiberglass. They are resistant to deformation, damage and high temperatures.
- Glass-magnesium panels based on glass fibers and a magnesium component. They have sound and heat insulation characteristics, are resistant to rotting, high moisture and temperature changes.
- Boards based on cement and natural mineralite fiber. This base is resistant to fire, rotting and high moisture.
Any heat-resistant panels for walls must have a minimum technological gap to ensure ventilation and reduce the thermal impact on wooden surfaces. Practical cladding will allow you to decorate the walls of the steam room in the same style.
When firing a stove or igniting a fireplace, their body becomes very hot, transferring this temperature to the surrounding surfaces. In accordance with fire safety techniques, it is necessary to insulate the furnace body from adjacent surfaces using fire-resistant materials if a safe distance is not maintained. This is a distance equal to 30 cm for a brick stove, more than 1 meter for a metal stove and 70 cm for a metal stove. If it is impossible to dissipate heat naturally in a room (especially a small area), fire-resistant materials are used for the walls around the stoves.
Heat-resistant materials for finishing walls near the stove: types
Refractory materials can be divided into several types depending on the type of raw material:
- Materials with organic elements, for example, polystyrene foam boards. The fire resistance rating is not very high, so they are used to protect against slight heat.
- Materials with inorganic components are used to insulate both wooden walls and brick and concrete walls. These are stone wool, basalt slabs, fiberglass, fiber cement slabs, polypropylene, honeycomb plastics, vermiculite panels, foamed perlite.
- Mixed materials: asbestos cardboard, asbestos-lime and silica refractories.
Oven protective screens In addition to sheet materials, protective fireproof screens are used to insulate the side walls of the furnace and are installed at a distance of 1-5 cm from its body. They are distinguished from sheets by their multilayer structure. Screens made of cast iron and also stainless steel are widely used, including those combined with non-flammable plates in the outer layer. The polished mirror surface of the steel screen reflects heat with softer and more gentle flows. The plates inside the screen are fastened using heat-resistant mastic, glue, mortar, sealant, which have high performance heat resistance. Heat-resistant mastic has a fire-resistant composition that can withstand over 1100 degrees; it is also resistant to moisture, has bactericidal properties, and can be used as a facing solution. There are not only side but also front screens. Installation of such fire protection is done by attaching it to the floor near the stove; the screen itself is equipped with special legs. In addition to steel fireproof screens, brick ones are used in the form of a wall that separates the stove body from the flammable surface. The brick screen is installed at a distance of 5 to 15 cm from the walls of the stove, and at the same distance from the flammable surface. Its height can reach the ceiling, or it can be equal to the height of the stove.
Wall cladding
Fireproof sheet materials for stoves and fireplaces The refractory cladding of the walls around the stove is divided into reflective and cladding. The first type usually consists of metal sheets with heat-resistant thermal insulation materials. Thermal insulation is attached to wooden wall, then covered on the outside with a sheet of stainless steel, polished to a mirror finish. Between the sheathing and the wooden wall, it is necessary to provide ventilated gaps of 2-3 cm in size. In this case, fire-resistant sheets are attached through ceramic bushings. The following are used as thermal insulation:
- Minerite
- Basalt cardboard
- Asbestos cardboard
If the stove is located at an unsafe distance from the wall, you can use a double layer of thermal insulation, which is secured through bushings and covered with a sheet.
Sheathing with cladding gives the protected surface an aesthetic appearance. Ceramic, terracotta, clinker tiles, and porcelain tiles, which are attached to refractory, are often used as facing materials. However, the tiles do not serve as thermal insulation. It is attached on top of the heat-resistant sheet. For the fire-resistant layer the following are used:
- Fireproof drywall is drywall with fiberglass added. Resistant to deformation and strong thermal radiation.
- Minerite
- Glass-magnesium sheet made from fiberglass.
Refractory materials for furnace lining
Fireclay materials for, namely, brick and mortar, make it possible to create a protective fireproof screen both around the firebox and around the body of the metal furnace. The difference between a kiln brick screen and a lining screen is that the lining is a protective casing located close to the walls of the kiln.
A natural stone for finishing Fireclay can withstand temperatures up to 1300 degrees. Today, in addition to bricks and mortar, there is also fireclay coating, glue, and mastic, which can be applied even while the stove or fireplace is operating. Their composition includes microscopic fireclay fibers and binding substances; they line the entire surface of the furnace and seal individual cracks. In addition, materials such as kaolin paper, kaolin cardboard, in the form of rolls and also kaolin wool in separate pieces are produced for lining.
Technology for installing fire-resistant materialheat-resistant materials for finishing walls near the stove
Multilayer protective technology, using the example of wall cladding near a heater in a bathhouse, consists of a sequence of actions:
- A layer of vapor barrier and waterproofing is attached to a wall made of combustible material. As a vapor barrier, you can use a three-layer film consisting of foil, polyethylene, and kraft paper for strength. It is attached using a metal profile (wooden blocks can be used instead of a metal profile).
- Next, insulation is installed, for example, foiled mineral wool. It is placed inside the sheathing so that the foil layer is on top. Plate joints mineral wool need to be sealed with aluminum tape.
- Using self-tapping screws, fire-resistant boards, for example, made of fiber cement, are attached to the sheathing. An alternative to fastening a multilayer structure is to install the plates with self-tapping screws through a sleeve. This creates a space between the slab and the wall.
- After fixing the slabs, they can be faced with ceramic tiles for aesthetics. To do this, it is screwed to the plates with self-tapping screws. metal grid, onto which heat-resistant adhesive is subsequently applied, the tiles are glued.
If the installation is carried out in compliance with the technology and ventilation gaps, the wall near the stove will not heat up and will not create a fire hazard.
A budget-friendly way to protect between a stove and a wooden wall is to use profile metal used for the roof. To do this, you will need two sheets of such metal and hollow tubes. Hollow metal tubes are attached to the wall, and a metal profile is mounted to them. The distance to the floor and ceiling should be at least 10 cm. The tubes are attached to the sheet in the same place as the first ones and covered again with the sheet. Hot air moves in the gaps between the wall and the floor, while the wall remains unheated.