Polyvinyl acetate paints (PVA) are emulsion compositions made according to the “oil in water” principle. Such paints are widely used for painting interior surfaces in residential and industrial buildings.
PVA paint and varnish compositions can be purchased in one of two varieties:
- One-pack composition, which is a completely ready-to-use paint. Stored and transported in hermetically sealed containers at positive temperatures.
- Two-pack composition. It is a semi-finished product that includes paint in the form of a paste, as well as a plasticizer. The composition is prepared by mixing immediately before use.
Advantages and disadvantages of PVA compositions
The advantages of polyvinyl acetate paints include the following:
- applicability even to highly porous materials (certain types of wood, plaster, cardboard);
- high drying speed;
- simple preparation of the composition and simple application to the surface;
- high explosion and fire safety;
- absence of unpleasant odors, since PVA contains no solvents;
- non-toxicity of paint and varnish material;
- existence of supplements, despite limited color palette, thanks to which it is possible to obtain a matte or glossy surface;
- competitive prices for products;
- an excellent option for other smooth surfaces (due to high adhesive ability);
- possibility of use for re-painting after surface treatment with oil paints;
- water solubility;
- UV resistance;
- ability to resist fungus and mold;
- elasticity of the formed coating.
The PVA composition also has a number of disadvantages:
- Small color palette.
- PVA is unstable to low temperatures during painting, since, according to manufacturers' recommendations, the minimum air temperature should be 6 degrees above zero (paint freezes at temperatures below zero).
- Not any paint is suitable for interior finishing work, but only those containing acrylate and verstate components.
- There is a tendency for PVA paints to become more expensive, as manufacturers often add new components to the compositions.
- Painting with polyvinyl acetate water-based compositions is carried out only after preparing the rough layer, since PVA gives a high surface tension (items need to be cleaned several times and then sanded).
- The paint and varnish material is not resistant to high humidity, therefore it is rarely used for painting the external parts of buildings (the problem is partially solved by adding an acrylic component to the composition).
- PVA cannot be applied to chalk whitewash, alumina, alum and vitriol primers.
Composition and characteristics of paint
The cost of PVA paints is low, since they do not contain complex components. Polyvinyl acetate compositions include the following components:
- Water emulsion based on polyvinyl acetate. It is a solution with a creamy consistency. Since the emulsion contains water, do not forget about the freezing point - zero degrees Celsius. An unplasticized emulsion can withstand no more than 3-4 cycles of complete freezing.
- Pigmenting substances, due to which the paint imparts color to the surface.
- Stabilizers are components that improve certain performance characteristics of a paint and varnish material.
- Plasticizers are components that regulate the physical and mechanical properties of paint, and also promote film formation.
As mentioned above, PVA paints dry quickly.
Water-based compositions dry in about 2-3 hours, provided that the air temperature is 17-23 degrees above zero.
The reason for the rapid hardening is that the emulsion contains up to 40% water, which easily evaporates after application to the surface. The emulsion also contains up to 60% resins and pigmenting substances. If there is a need to reduce the viscosity of the composition, water is added to it, and vice versa.
During the evaporation process, resin particles (their size ranges from 1 to 4 microns) first approach each other, creating a dense ring around the pigments, and then merge with them. The result is a dense mass formed from pigments and resin. The mass has very small pores through which water evaporates. After dyeing, the water eventually evaporates and the plasticizers harden and become hydrophobic.
After drying, the film decreases in size - to approximately 60% of the original volume. Since the surface of the film has many pores, it acquires a slightly matte, silky sheen. Thanks to this, excellent decorative qualities are transmitted to the painted surface. In many cases, if the painting technology is followed, polyvinyl acetate paint can completely replace oil-based matte coatings.
Polyvinyl acetate paints can be supplied with corresponding colors. Colorants must be used in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
In order for the paint to acquire moisture-proof properties, an acrylic component is added to water-dispersed polyvinyl acetate compositions. This polymer gives the coloring material the following characteristics:
- The surface begins to “breathe”, allowing air to pass through, but not moisture.
- The hydrophobicity of the surface increases.
- The ability to resist aggressive environmental influences increases.
Thanks to the use of acrylic polymers, improved PVA paints can be used for application to external facades, as well as for treating surfaces in wet areas (for example, kitchen, bathroom). To give coatings shine or dullness, special additives are used.
Applying paint to the surface
Painting with polyvinyl acetate water-based compositions is carried out in a certain sequence:
- We select the most suitable paint and varnish material for the existing conditions.
- We carry out the complex preparatory activities before painting the surface: remove dirt and dust, repair all defects (seams, cracks, bumps, etc.), remove whitewash (if any). To save on paint and improve adhesion, it is recommended to prime the surface.
- Stir the PVA paint well, removing pre-dried lumps from the container. Dilute the water-based mixture.
- Apply paint with a brush, roller or spray.
- We wait for the first layer to dry and apply the next layer. If necessary, the procedure is repeated a third time.
GOST, prices and release form
PVA paints are produced in accordance with the rules prescribed in GOST 28196-89. It is worth noting that certification of paints for compliance with GOST is at the discretion of the manufacturing company. The paint packaging indicates the consumption rate, components, and also the method of creating the solution.
The price per kilogram of paint can vary greatly depending on the popularity of the brand and additives. The cost is also affected by the remoteness of the region.
However, it is believed that high-quality PVA paint in any case cannot cost less than the ruble equivalent of a dollar per liter.
Despite the obvious disadvantages listed above, polyvinyl acetate paints and varnishes are in high demand. High drying speed, compatible with different types materials, as well as affordable prices, ensure PVA paints continue to be popular among consumers.
Polyvinyl acetate (PVA) paints are used for exterior and interior works. They are used to decorate residential and industrial premises. The paint adheres well to plaster, concrete, plaster and wood.
Do not apply paints to chalk whitewash or to surfaces treated with vitriol, alum or alumina primers. They can be used to paint surfaces coated with oil paint.
PVA paints are an “oil in water” emulsion, they contain the following components:
- polyvinyl acetate emulsion;
- colorful pigments;
- stabilizers and plasticizers.
Dispersion (water-dispersion) and water-based (emulsion) paints are practically the same thing. The paint is applied to the surface to be painted, the water included in the emulsion evaporates, the binding components harden and become waterproof.
After application, the paint dries within 2–3 hours at a temperature of 18 to 22 degrees and forms a beautiful porous semi-matte film on the surface.
Widely used for interior finishing work, it has a number of advantages:
- practically odorless;
- does not contain solvents;
- dissolves well in water;
- binds well to the surface to be painted;
- after drying it forms an elastic coating.
PVA paints are relatively cheap, but have a significant drawback - they are afraid of moisture and can only be used in dry rooms.
You can get paint of any shade using tinting pastes and white PVA paint as a base. It is recommended to apply 2 – 3 layers of paint.
Water-based PVA is used for painting walls and ceilings in dry rooms.
Water-dispersed polyvinyl acetate paints
Dispersive PVA is the modern name for water-based PVA. Based on these paints, new ones are created Decoration Materials. Adding acrylic polymer as a binder allows you to obtain paints with higher performance characteristics.
PVA-based acrylic water-soluble paints have the following advantages:
- form a “breathable” coating that does not allow water to pass through, but is permeable to air;
- have higher resistance to atmospheric influences;
- have higher water resistance.
Acrylic paints can be used to paint walls and ceilings in damp rooms - in the bathroom, in the kitchen.
Depending on the additives, you can obtain matte, medium-matte and shiny surfaces.
Domestic companies produce polyvinyl acetate paints in accordance with GOST 28196-89. The law allows voluntary certification of paint for compliance with GOST.
Price of polyvinyl acetate water-based paint– from 45 rubles per 1 kg.
Polyvinyl acetate water-based paint is currently considered one of the most popular materials for finishing surfaces inside or outside the house. The demand is explained by many positive qualities, such as durability, reliability and environmental friendliness. Naturally, there are also disadvantages that are taken into account when choosing products.
Polyvinyl acetate composition (PVA) is a direct emulsion in which the dispersion medium is water. This solution is often called “oil in water”. The fact is that the oil has a phase when it is in the liquid in the form of tiny droplets.
Composition of polyvinyl acetate paint:
- Polyvinyl acetate. Emulsion base.
- Pigments. Responsible for color.
- Plasticizers and stabilizers. They give the mixture the necessary qualities and improve its properties.
The percentage of components in all water-based compositions is similar A complete list of components and production technology is reflected in GOST number 28196-89. Although this normative document and is fundamental, but since it was adopted in 1989, it does not contain the entire list of products and modifications present on the modern market.
The material is produced in several ways, so you can find two main varieties on sale:
On a note! When choosing paint, you must ask for a certificate. At the moment, obtaining this document is an optional procedure, but every conscientious manufacturer makes sure that it is available.
The presented certificate must correctly indicate the product and have a “wet” stamp PVA solutions are divided into two large groups: water-dispersion and water-emulsion. There are practically no differences between them: the principle of operation of both materials is based on the evaporation of water, due to which a protective film is formed. But the first option is considered more modern, because it contains polymer substances (in particular acrylic), which improve the characteristics of the product.
Specifications
The exact technical parameters depend on the manufacturer. This is influenced by the presence of components, their quantity, and manufacturing nuances.
There are general indicators:
- Consumption per 1m2. The polyvinyl acetate composition has different covering abilities depending on the components. The average consumption is from 150 to 200 ml of paint. The material from which the walls or ceiling are made also has an impact.
- Viscosity. Depends on the degree of dilution of the mixture. This parameter affects the application method: to use a spray gun, the indicator should be noticeably lower than when using a brush and roller. The water-based emulsion is well diluted with water, but take into account the manufacturer's recommendations.
- Pre-drying and final drying times. This is affected by humidity and temperature: temperature values within +20 C and humidity 65–70% are considered optimal. Primary education protective film occurs in 1–3 hours, final drying depends on the type of surface. For example, when painting facades with metal elements it will take more time.
- Storage features. The general recommendation is that the container should be hermetically sealed and kept in the shade.
For different manufacturers, the main characteristics of the product may vary slightly Modern varieties that include polymer components have excellent technical parameters, due to which the scope of their application is constantly expanding.
Advantages and disadvantages of PVA paint
Polyvinyl acetate water-based emulsion has many advantages that determine its demand:
On a note! The scope of use of such products is quite large. The main thing is to choose a mixture taking into account specific conditions. For example, for finishing facades, options with excellent properties are used, including in terms of resistance to water. Facade acrylic and latex water-based paints correspond to these parameters.
The main thing in facade paints is resistance to moisture and ultraviolet radiation Disadvantages of the material:
- Low moisture resistance. Therefore, to work in damp areas modern varieties are used. For example, acrylic products with the addition of silicone can withstand wet processing.
- Loss of properties at low temperatures. Therefore, storage conditions must be appropriate.
Often, increased material consumption is indicated as a disadvantage. But it depends on the technology of work, preliminary preparation and number of layers.
Comparison of polyvinyl acetate paint consumption with competitors The process of painting with polyvinyl acetate water-based compositions
Painting of various surfaces occurs according to a certain pattern:
The process is not particularly difficult, but requires correct execution all actions.
- a universal solution for interior and exterior work. PVA paints are very popular, because they can be used to decorate both residential and industrial premises. Such paints fit perfectly on almost any surface. They will help you bring any design ideas to life.Characteristics, types and areas of application of PVA paints.
If we discard all scientific terms and designations, then polyvinyl acetate water-based paint is an ordinary emulsion made of the “oil in water” type. The main components of this paint and varnish material:
- Emulsion based on polyvinyl acetate;
- Colorful pigments;
- Plasticizers;
- Stabilizers.
In principle, the action of such paints lies in their main advantage. After the paint is applied to the surface, the water included in the emulsion begins to evaporate. As a result of this, reliable hardening of the connecting elements occurs, which, in turn, forms a reliable waterproof layer. This paint dries within 2-3 hours at a temperature of 18-22 degrees Celsius. As a result of finishing work, a wonderful, semi-matte layer of paint is obtained.
Application area polyvinyl acetate water-based paints huge. They are used for interior and exterior work in residential, industrial and commercial premises. In general, such paints will work in the countryside too. PVA paints can be applied to concrete surfaces, wooden, as well as those that were previously covered with oil paints or plaster.
Advantages of PVA paints.
In general, the quality of these paints depends on the amount of polymer binder in the paint base. However, there is a standard list of advantages of polyvinyl acetate water-based paint:
- Paints can be easily diluted with water and then easily applied to the required surface;
- PVA paints are environmentally friendly and safe, do not contain toxic substances; PVA paints have heat-resistant properties, which are very useful in fire situations;
- As mentioned above, such paints have excellent resistance to high humidity;
- With abundant exposure to ultraviolet radiation, they do not lose their appearance for a long time;
- Polyvinyl acetate water-based paints interacts well with .
This list shows only some of the advantages of such paints, which are considered basic. Various types PVA paints have other advantages that will be useful when decorating various rooms.
Most modern buyers, faced with the problem of choosing a specific emulsion, are looking for universal formulations that are both durable and environmentally friendly. PVA paints can easily be counted among these. The characteristics of polyvinyl acetate paint are attractive due to their versatility: having many advantages, they will help to qualitatively design both the interior space and facade surfaces.
Properties and characteristics of polyvinyl acetate paint
The composition of PVA paint includes:
- The main component is polyvinyl acetate in an aqueous environment.
- Coloring particles.
- Stabilizers, whose main purpose is to improve the technical performance of the suspension.
- Plasticizers characterized by the ability to regulate physical and mechanical parameters. Responsible for the film-forming function.
The principle of operation of polyvinyl acetate emulsion paints, however, like all types of water-based emulsions, is the evaporation of water included in the composition.
This serves as the starting point for the process of hardening of the connecting structural components and, as a result, the formation of a durable waterproof layer on the surface. The decorative base has a porous matte texture.
Such suspensions have a fairly wide range of applications, ranging from painting interior spaces to finishing works in industrial and commercial buildings.
PVA paints interact well and adhere to concrete, plaster, plastered, wooden bases, including plywood and wood-fiber, as well as previously painted surfaces, in particular, oil-based compositions.
Specifications
- density – 1.25–1.55 kg/dm 3 ;
- hiding power (according to DIN EN 13300) – class 1–2 class;
- resistance to wet abrasion (DIN EN 13300) – class 2–class 3;
- water absorption coefficient ≤ 0.1 kg/(m²∙h 0.5);
- degree of grinding – ≤ 30–70 µm;
- pH – 6.8–8.2;
- consumption per 1 layer – 150–200 ml/m2;
- application temperature – +5/+30 ° C;
- Complete drying time – 4 hours.
Advantages and disadvantages of PVA paint
The quality and characteristics of polyvinyl acetate paint largely depend on the concentration and type of the main polymer binder. But if we look at it in general, then all paints of the type under consideration are endowed with a large number of undeniable advantages.
The main one is the hydrophobicity of the resulting layer. However, not all types of PVA compositions are water resistant.
At the same time, the decorative base is vapor permeable, which will prevent the appearance of mold and provide a comfortable microclimate by absorbing excess moisture vapor.
Interior polyvinyl acetate paint is quite elastic, this allows it to cover microcracks not exceeding 1 mm in size. The surface is durable and wear-resistant with minimal likelihood of cracking.
The undoubted advantage of polyvinyl acetate compounds is their environmental friendliness. When applied they have a non-toxic neutral odor. They are fire resistant.
Another feature of such emulsions is light resistance, minimum value which, depending on the variety, is equal to 5, due to the uniform distribution of coloring pigments in the structure.
Therefore, a surface painted with PVA paint will delight you with its rich colors for a long time. Facade emulsions perfectly withstand the effects of precipitation.
Polyvinyl acetate paint for interior work is 100% resistant to alkali and various detergents, which indicates its practicality. Once hardened, it is completely insensitive to mineral oils and fats.
It is also worth noting the durability of the applied layer, which allows you not to repaint the base for at least 5 years.
The main disadvantages of polyvinyl acetate emulsion paints:
The possibility of not only applying, but also storing the prepared suspension at a temperature not lower than +5°C. If the temperature regime is not observed, paint tends to lose its original characteristics.
The need for careful preparation of the base, especially wood, due to the high surface tension. That's why wooden surfaces must first be cleaned and polished in several stages.
Paint selection
The universal composition of polyvinyl acetate paint, characterized by elasticity, practicality and durability, has found new life as a result of the use of acrylic as a binding agent. Thanks to the acrylic base, they are already excellent performance characteristics colors are greatly improved.
When choosing between local and imported manufacturers, the only difference can be in price, that is, foreign batches will cost an order of magnitude more.
It should also be remembered that European companies try to optimize products for their climatic conditions, so the characteristics declared by them may not be suitable for a particular region, especially with rather harsh or, conversely, tropical climatic conditions. Therefore, this is a plus for local manufacturers.
For facade work, it is recommended to give preference to moisture- and light-resistant compounds with an antistatic effect. For interiors, you can buy paint with an average value, unless, of course, we are talking about a bathroom or kitchen.
It is necessary to know the exact consumption of the emulsion in order to purchase the required displacement. Consumption directly depends on the degree of coverage of the suspension, which, according to the modern standard DIN EN 13300, is expressed in classes.
Their numerical number indicates the number of layers required for high-quality coating of the base. Density is also considered a determining factor for consumption - the denser the PVA emulsion, the correspondingly larger amount is needed to cover the surface.
Painting the base
Having selected a suitable composition that satisfies the operating conditions, it’s time to move on to preparing the base. The plane is leveled, treated with construction mesh (sanded) and primed. For polyvinyl acetate emulsion, it is best to cover the base with several layers of primer.
The function of the primer is not only to ensure adhesion, but also to level out the absorbent properties of the surface, which in the future will lead to more economical consumption of the suspension.
To prepare the paint, mix it with water in the amount indicated on the package. The emulsion is applied in 1–2 layers using traditional tools or a spray gun.
Eco-friendly and practical, polyvinyl acetate emulsion paint is an ideal option for decorating interior surfaces. The painted surface will differ not only in its unique technical characteristics, but also aesthetics.