Assimilation

According to J. Piaget, it is a mechanism that ensures the use of previously acquired skills and abilities in new conditions without significantly changing them: through it, a new object or situation is combined with a set of objects or another situation for which a scheme already exists.

Dictionary of a practical psychologist. - M.: AST, Harvest. S. Yu. Golovin. 1998.

Assimilation Etymology.

Comes from Lat. assimilatio - fusion, assimilation, assimilation.

Theoretical construct of the operational concept of intelligence by J. Piaget.

Assimilation of material through its inclusion in already existing patterns of behavior. It is carried out by analogy with biological assimilation.

In the act of adaptation, assimilation is closely related to accommodation. In the early stages of a child’s development, the encounter of a new object with an existing schema leads to a distortion of the properties of the object and to a change in the schema itself, while the thought is irreversible. When a balance is established between assimilation and accommodation, a reversibility of thought occurs and a change from an egocentric position to a relative one.

Psychological Dictionary. THEM. Kondakov. 2000.

ASSIMILATION

(from lat. assimilatio - fusion, assimilation, assimilation) - in the concept of intelligence development AND.Piaget - attribute, aspect adaptation. The content of A. is the assimilation of certain material by already existing patterns of behavior, “pulling” a real event to the cognitive structures of the individual. According to Piaget, cognitive A. is not fundamentally different from biological. A. inseparable from accommodation in any act of adaptation, adaptation. In the early stages of development, any mental operation represents a compromise between 2 tendencies: A. and accommodation. A. Piaget calls the primary “deforming”, because when a new object meets an existing scheme, its features are distorted, and the scheme changes as a result of accommodation. The antagonism of A. and accommodation gives rise to irreversibility of thought. When A. and accommodation begin to complement each other, the child’s thinking changes. The transition to objectivity, reciprocity, and relationality is based on the progressive interaction of A. and accommodation. When harmony is established between 2 tendencies, reversibility of thought, exemption from egocentrism. Any logical contradiction, according to Piaget, is the result of a genetically existing conflict between accommodation and A., and such a situation is biologically inevitable. (E.V. Filippova.)

Large psychological dictionary. - M.: Prime-EVROZNAK. Ed. B.G. Meshcheryakova, acad. V.P. Zinchenko. 2003 .

Assimilation

A term used by Jean Piaget in his theory of intellectual development. It denotes a child's interpretation of the world around him in the context of the existing concept. For example, a baby calling every man "Daddy" demonstrates the belief that all men are daddies. His interpretation of the social structure of the adult world is based on this premise. Together with the process of accommodation, assimilation helps the child adapt to the world around him.

Psychology. AND I. Dictionary reference / Transl. from English K. S. Tkachenko. - M.: FAIR PRESS. Mike Cordwell. 2000.

See what “assimilation” is in other dictionaries:

ASSIMILATION- (Latin assimilatio, from assimilare to liken). Equation, likening, for example, in phonetics, likening neighboring sounds to one another; in physiology, the likening of substances absorbed by an animal to the substances of one’s own body. Dictionary of foreign words,... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

ASSIMILATION- (from Latin ad to and similis similar), such processing of substances entering a plant or animal organism from outside, as a result of which the latter become an integral part of the body’s cells. A. proteins with chemicals. side the most mysterious stage... ... Great Medical Encyclopedia

ASSIMILATION- (from Latin assimilatio), 1) assimilation, merging (for example, assimilation of sounds, assimilation of peoples); assimilation. 2) (Biological) absorption of nutrients by living organisms, their transformation as a result of biochemical reactions into... ... Modern encyclopedia

ASSIMILATION- (from Latin assimilatio) ..1) assimilation, merging, assimilation2)] In ethnography, the merging of one people with another with the loss of one of them of its language, culture, national identity. There is a distinction between natural assimilation that occurs upon contact... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

ASSIMILATION- ASSIMILATION, assimilation, women. (lat. assimilatio) (book). Action under Ch. assimilate and assimilate. Assimilation of sounds (likening one sound to another in a word; ling.). Assimilation of nationalities. Ushakov's explanatory dictionary. D.N. Ushakov... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

Assimilation- (Lat. assimilatio sіңіsu, ұқсасу, ңдеSu) үлкень енікаліқ orḍad sāṇy kem zəne sayasi mәdeniyetі men аleumettіk zhaғdayy tomen khalyktyn ozіnің ulttyk bolmysynan ayyrlyp , bassy khalyk arasynda sinip ketui kubylysy. Philosophy of ethnostardyn, halyktardyn... Philosophy terminerdin sozdigi

Assimilation- (from the Latin assimilatio fusion, assimilation, assimilation) a construct of the operational concept of intelligence by J. Piaget, expressing the assimilation of material due to its inclusion in already existing patterns of behavior. It is carried out by analogy with biological... Psychological Dictionary

Assimilation- in geology, the process of complete assimilation and melting of foreign material (side sections, etc.) in intruded magma, without preserving relics of the material frame of the absorbed sections, with the formation of hybrid magma,... ... Geological encyclopedia

ASSIMILATION- a process that results in members of the same ethnicity. groups lose their originally existing culture and adopt the culture of another ethnic group. groups with which they are in close proximity. contact. This process can occur... ... Encyclopedia of Cultural Studies

assimilation- melting, merging, assimilation, assimilation, assimilation, assimilation Dictionary of Russian synonyms. assimilation noun, number of synonyms: 7 assimilation (4) ... Synonym dictionary

Books

• Assimilation of borrowings from the French language in Middle English dialects, Bagan J.. The monograph is devoted to the study of the influence of the French language on Middle English dialects. The Norman conquest of England in 1066 contributed to the creation of a complex linguistic situation. IN…

Few people know what assimilation is, although we often encounter it in everyday life. This process occurs by merging different groups into one with a common goal. This process is practiced in a variety of vital areas of science, culture and psychology.

What is assimilation?

At the moment, the concept of assimilation has dozens of definitions. In each of the fields, be it medicine, biology, religion, psychology, and so on, it means the merging of one group with another, with the goal of changing at the final stage. Among the people, assimilation is the process of losing national identity through the appropriation of foreign cultural values. Thus, it led to the complete disappearance of several peoples and the complete eradication of their traditions. It comes in several types:

• natural;
• violent;
• forced.

Assimilation in sociology

This process is always present in sociological changes, since it guarantees an effective result. The question arises - what is assimilation and what does it mean to assimilate in sociology? This is a simple process of replacing a distinctive feature of society with another that came from another people. There is a certain disruption in people who were previously subject to their culture, religion or language.

The voluntary nature of transition to another culture is more attractive and this method adapts a person faster. Unfortunately, in life there are many cases of a forced nature. This can be observed more often in places where military operations take place. There are forced relocations, and the authorities decide for the people what to believe and how to behave.

Assimilation in psychology

From a psychological point of view, the reasons for assimilation arise automatically, because without it a person simply would not be able to develop harmoniously. This term refers to one of the parts of the adaptation process, which is the acquisition of new experience. Assimilation is a simple way for, because with it there is no need to accept a large amount of information. Beginning in infancy, these learning moments accumulate in memory and remain there, gradually multiplying.

Assimilation is a psychological term that refers to one part of the adaptation process. The term assimilation was first introduced by Professor Jean Piaget.

During the process of assimilation, we take in new information or experiences and weave them into the ideas we already have. The process of assimilation is to some extent subjective because we have a tendency to modify experience or information in such a way that it fits the concepts, ideas, and beliefs we already have.

Assimilation plays an important role in how we learn about the world around us.

During early childhood, children constantly assimilate new information and experiences into their existing knowledge about the world. However, this process does not stop during growth; it continues in adults. When encountering novelty and interpreting this experience, people constantly make small and large adjustments to their existing ideas about the world around them.

Let's take a closer look at assimilation and its role in the learning process.

How does assimilation work?

Piaget believed that there are 2 main ways in which we adapt to new experiences and information. Assimilation is the easiest method because it doesn't require much adjustment. Through this process, we add new information to the existing knowledge base, sometimes while giving a different interpretation to this new experience in a way that fits with existing information.

For example, let's imagine that your neighbors have a daughter whom you have always perceived as sweet, polite and kind.

One day you look out the window and see this girl throwing a snowball at your car. You perceive this as something rude and unkind, not at all what you would expect from this girl. How do you interpret this new information? If you use the assimilation process, you won't dwell on the girl's behavior, assuming that she did what she saw her classmates doing and that she didn't mean to be impolite.

You will not fundamentally revise your opinion about the girl, you will simply add new information to your existing knowledge. She's a kind girl, but now you know that she also has a "bad" side to her personality.

If you had applied the second method of adaptation described by Piaget, the girl's behavior would have caused you to change your opinion about her. This is a process that Piaget called accommodation, in which old ideas are replaced by new information.

Assimilation and accommodation work in tandem as part of the learning process. Some information is simply incorporated into existing schemas through the process of assimilation, and some information leads to the development of new schemas or completely transforms old ones through the process of accommodation.

More examples of assimilation

• A student learning how a new computer program works.
• A small child sees a new breed of dog that he has not seen before, and immediately points his finger at the animal and says “Dog!”
• A chef learning a new culinary technique.
• Programmer learning a new programming language.

In each of these examples, the person adds new information to an existing schema. Therefore it is described as “assimilation”. These people do not change or completely modify existing ideas, as would occur with accommodation.

Scientific and everyday psychology: basic concepts, differences between them. 3(9 –19), 6(208 – 215), 8

The problem of assimilation of human real-psychological experience 6(208 – 215), 8.

The place of psychology in the system of human sciences. Branches of modern psychology. 1, 2, 3.

Psychology as a science of the soul: ancient ideas about the relationship between soul and body. 2(20 – 25), 3(22 – 29), 5(dialogue 2), 4(57 – 63), 7(30 – 52).

Psychology as a science of consciousness: introspective psychology. 9, 5

Psychology as a science of behavior: behaviorism. 9, 5

Gestalt psychology and psychoanalysis. 9, 5

Domestic psychology. 9, 5

Literature

Any textbooks on psychology.

Gippenreiter Yu. B. Introduction to general psychology. – M., 1988

Gippenreiter Yu. B. Introduction to general psychology. – M., 1996

Godefroy J. What is psychology. – M., 1992.

Sokolova E.E. Thirteen dialogues about psychology. – M, 1995.

Allport G. Personality: a problem of science or art? / Psychology of Personality. Texts. – M, 1982.

Yaroshevsky M.G., Antsyferova L.I. Development and current state of foreign psychology. – M., 1980.

Slobodchikov V.I., Isaev E.I. Human psychology. – M., 1995.

Zhdan A.N. History of psychology. – M., 1990.

Development of the psyche in phylogenesis. Consciousness as the highest stage of mental reflection

Stages of mental development: elementary sensory, perceptual stage of mental development, animal intelligence. 1(45-53), 2(209-230-239), 3(3-10).

Group forms of behavior and communication processes in animals. 4(79-81), 5(59-81), 6, 5

Basic patterns of development of the animal psyche. 4(63-68),2(251-261), 7.10

Social behavior of animals. 8, 9, 10, 19 (223-245)

Prerequisites for the emergence of consciousness. 12(68-), 18, 11

Structure of consciousness (according to A.N. Leontiev, K.K. Platonov) 12(62-68), 16(124-158, 265-280).

Conscious and unconscious mental processes. The concept of installation (according to D.N. Uznadze). 15(202-309), 17(353-375), 18.14(146-350)

Literature

Gamezo M.V., Domashenko I.A. Atlas of psychology. – M., 1986.

Leontyev A.N. Problems of mental development. – M., 1981.

General psychology / Ed. V.V. Bogoslovsky. – M, 1981.

General psychology / Ed. A.V. Petrovsky. – M., 1986

Tinbergen N. Animal behavior. – M., 1985.

Fabry K.E. Fundamentals of zoopsychology. – M., 1993

Rubinshtein S.L. Fundamentals of general psychology; in 2 vols. – M., 1989. vol.1. pp.146-155.

Krushinsky L.V. Biological foundations of rational activity. – M., 1977. p.9-12, 27-59, 140-144, 244-246.

Tinbergen N. Social behavior of animals. – M., 1995.

Fabry K.E. Instrumental actions of animals. // Series “Biology”, No. 4, 1980.

Gippentater Yu.B. Introduction to general psychology. – M., 1998.

Platonov K.K. Structure and development of personality. – M., 1988.

Steinmets A.E. A manual for independent work in general psychology. - Smolensk. 1986. Problems No. 12, 15-18.

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Z.A.Zorina, I.I.Poletaeva Animal psychology. Elementary thinking of animals. – M., 2001. – 320 p., p.

Formation of cognitive structures

J. Piaget believed that the most important result of the interaction of maturation and experience is the formation of “cognitive structures” by the child. The primary organizational and cognitive structures that form in infancy are sensorimotor schemes. But after two years of age, according to J. Piaget, the child’s cognitive structures become integrated, or mental.

One of the most important cognitive structures is operation. According to J. Piaget, an operation is a mental action that has the property of reversibility. This action can be performed in forward or reverse order, so that the person mentally returns to the beginning of the logical sequence.

An example would be planning a series of moves in checkers or chess, and then mentally returning to the beginning step by step. Squaring the number 2 with the result of 4 (operation) and taking the root of 4. Similarly, 8 pebbles can be divided into different subsets - for example, 4 and 4, 5 and 3, or 7 and 1 - and then combine them again into one set .

Assimilation and accommodation as adaptation mechanisms

J. Piaget considered human thinking as a specific form of biological adaptation, in which a complex organism adapts to an equally complex environment. People constantly interact with the world around them, react to new experiences by structuring and forming new organizational structures. Adaptation occurs through two complementary processes: assimilation and accommodation.

Assimilation is “such an interaction with the environment in which the organism, through incorporation, adapts it to its own structures.” New objects or representations are interpreted on the basis of and taking into account previously acquired representations and concepts. For example, a five-year-old girl was familiar only with “prototypical” birds (sparrows, tits, crows, starlings, etc.). Therefore, in her mind, a bird is something living, flying, with wings, a tail and a beak. At the zoo, she meets an ostrich for the first time and assimilates its image, including the ostrich in the category of birds. Naturally, she may be somewhat puzzled by the size of the ostrich and the fact that it does not fly. Her uncertainty about whether the ostrich is a bird will lead her to what J. Piaget called disequilibrium.

An additional process in relation to assimilation, according to J. Piaget, is accommodation. This happens when the characteristics of the environment do not fit into a person’s existing ideas. Thanks to accommodation, in response to changes in environmental conditions, ideas also change. For example, through accommodation, a five-year-old girl, having received information about an ostrich that is new to her, can change her idea of ​​birds, for example, she may decide that not all birds fly. She may also form a new concept of “ostrich”, different from the previously formed concept of “birds”. As a result of accommodation, this girl will temporarily be in a state of equilibrium, or cognitive balance. Her experience and ideas will be quite consistent with each other.

J. Piaget suggested that any person, like any organism, strives for balance. When a person is faced with an unfamiliar situation, cognitive balance is disrupted. To restore it, the processes of assimilation and accommodation are activated. Establishing equilibrium is called equilibration.

According to J. Piaget, assimilation and accommodation almost always accompany each other. First, a person tries to comprehend a new experience using existing ideas and solutions (assimilation). If this fails, he is forced to make changes to his own ideas (accommodation).

Any adaptive behavior contains elements of assimilation and accommodation, but their ratio always depends on the specific form of activity. An example of almost entirely assimilative behavior is the fantasy games of young children. Depending on the plot of the game, a sofa in this situation can become a ship or an airplane, a composition of chairs can become a house or a fence. On the contrary, imitation is essentially accommodation; children adapt their actions to the actions of their chosen role models.

Over time, disequilibrium occurs less and less frequently. The repertoire of concepts and structures is enriched, and a person no longer has to deal with completely new situations so often. An adult is unlikely to encounter an object that does not fit into one of the categories known to him. And in this case, to achieve cognitive balance, he will only need to make minor changes to existing categories. However, the processes of assimilation and adaptation accompany our entire lives, since the world is dynamic and we have to constantly adapt to changing circumstances.

• Donaldson M. Children's minds. Glasgow, 1978. R. 140.