Nefras consumption per 1m2. Removal of corrosion products and degreasing. White spirit solvent: characteristics, consumption, application

The consumption rates of chemicals for electrolytic and chemical coatings are calculated per 1 m2 of surface to be coated, regardless of the thickness of the coating. The exception is the processes of chromium plating, chemical nickel plating and deposition of metals and alloys from cyanide electrolytes, for which consumption rates are given per 1 micron of coating thickness (Tables 57-64).

Material consumption rates for preparatory (degreasing, etching) and special operations (bleaching, passivation, melting, etc.) are calculated only for 1 m 2 of the processed surface of the products.

The consumption rates of the anode metal (alloy) are set based on the thickness of the coating layer (1 micron), taking into account process waste and losses.

In the case of mechanical and electrochemical polishing of layers when applying multilayer coatings, an increase in the thickness of each coating by 2 - 3 microns should be taken into account.

Material consumption rates for parts of simple and complex shapes are calculated separately. Parts of complex configuration include parts with blind holes, hoods, internal threads, as well as parts such as cups, boxes, couplings, etc.

When calculating the consumption of sodium cyanide during the electrolytic deposition of copper, zinc, cadmium and other metals, the following losses must be taken into account: decomposition of cyanide under the influence of electrolytic current; carryover of electrolyte into ventilation ducts; carryover of electrolyte with parts and accessories; decomposition of cyanide under the influence of atmospheric carbon dioxide; carryover of electrolyte during filtration and its correction.

The consumption rates of chromic anhydride (in g/m2) for parts of a simple configuration are calculated using the formula

H y = ​​(26.5t + 44),

and for parts of complex configuration according to the formula

H y = ​​(26.5t+ 56),

where t is the thickness of the coating according to technological process, µm.

The resulting consumption rate should include the useful consumption of metal for the reduction of chromium; entrainment losses with parts and accessories; entrainment losses in ventilation ducts; losses for the correction and filtration of electrolytes.

When working on automatic machines, as well as when using washing machines, installations for degreasing with organic solvents and other machines, material consumption rates are established by experimental production.

When coating small parts, specific rates should be multiplied by a factor of 2 (in the case of using bells and drums of other types).

Consumption of auxiliary materials (grinding powder, GOI paste, polishing wheels, flannel, cambric, gauze, calico, cloth, cotton wool, used for filtering solutions, for anode covers, for wiping parts, as well as paper, wire, polyethylene film etc.) is established by the enterprise depending on the specifics of production.

The consumption standards for silver plating include 10-15% silver in the form of AgNO 3 and 85-90% in the form of anodes. Metal consumption for coating is calculated based on the average thickness of the coating

where S is the coverage area, cm 2; d is the density of the material, g/cm3.

The consumption standards for gilding include only metallic gold, but when filling out an application, potassium dicyanoaurate (18% of the total amount of gold) is also taken into account.

According to MRTU 6-09 1964-64, palladium metal in palladium chloride should be at least 59%. According to MRTU 6-09 1833-64, metallic rhodium in rhodium chloride should be at least 32.5%.

According to GOST 5.1133-71, potassium dicyanoaurate contains at least 66.6% metallic gold.

For rhodium and palladium plating, only the amount of salt is indicated in the application. Palladium and platinum for anodes are obtained upon request; they are considered insoluble.

57.Material consumption standards for preparatory and special operations when applying electroplating

These paint and varnish consumption rates are averaged and are intended for planning the production needs for paints and varnishes and auxiliary materials for the manufacture of steel building structures of buildings and structures.

The average structure area is 24 m2/t.

The consumption rate of paints and varnishes is set for one layer of coating. The GF-021 primer has a specified consumption rate for a layer thickness of 20 microns (temporary protection for the period of transportation, storage and installation of metal structures).

The most common (frequently encountered) system of anti-corrosion protection of steel structures: GF-021 primer in two layers + PF-115 enamel in two layers.

As interest arises or requests for others arise, the article will be supplemented.

1. Anti-corrosion protection of structures

2. Anti-corrosion protection of tanks

Solvent consumption rates

Consumption standards for paints and varnishes depending on the coating application method

Coefficients of complexity groups of painted structures

Coefficients of use of paints and varnishes

More details about the consumption of paints and varnishes and auxiliary materials can be found in VSN 426-86.

White spirit is a product obtained from the distillation of petroleum and the corresponding purification of the resulting substance, better known as a solvent. But this is not the only area of ​​its application. To have a more complete understanding of white spirit, it is advisable to familiarize yourself with its features.

What does it represent? Somewhat oily, colorless (sometimes with a yellowish tint) liquid. The feedstock is a mixture of hydrocarbon compounds.

Main characteristics

There is no point in considering them all in detail, especially since not every one of us is familiar with the special terminology (and the meaning of individual parameters for everyday use).

All data is approximate, as it is accurate (standard) chemical composition does not exist. Solvents from different manufacturers may differ in both individual ingredients and their proportions. General requirements to the finished product are reflected in GOST No. 3134 of 1978.

Temperature (minimum, ºС):

• ignition – 33;
• boiling - 1,600.

Volatility degree (xylene) – 4.

Density (g/cm³) at room temperature – 0,76.

Toxicity level is low.

Application – universal.

The optimal consumption (per 1 m²) is in the range from 100 to 145 g.

Container – glass or plastic.

It makes no sense to use white spirit (as well as to purchase it) made more than 3 years ago, since during this time it loses almost all of its properties, regardless of storage conditions.

Scope of application

On an industrial scale - for the production of:

• antiseptics;
• paints, varnishes:
• drying oils;
• priming agents;
• various mastics, pastes (grinding, for example).

At home

• For preliminary preparation basics - degreasing.
• For a thick consistency.
• For cleaning materials from deposits. For example, white spirit is popular among numismatists, who use it to “reanimate” old coins, giving them their original appearance.

Safety precautions

• Work - in skin protection products.
• If the substance is used in a closed space, then in addition - a respirator + effective ventilation (ventilation).
• Storing the solvent away from heat sources (especially open fire).
• In case of fire, water must not be used to extinguish.

Price

Depends on the manufacturer, so this is just an example (in rubles/l):

• imported white spirit – from 265;
• domestic – from 105.

Note! The main difference between foreign-made white spirit is the absence of a specific, rather pungent odor. How relevant this is when used in certain conditions is up to you, dear reader, to decide. For example, is it worth overpaying just for the brand if the work is carried out outdoors? It should also be taken into account that some domestic varieties of white spirit made using modern technologies, are also practically odorless. You just need to look for the appropriate products.

In various industries and construction, various solvents are used to obtain the desired consistency of consumable liquid materials and to pre-treat the surface. One of the most popular options is white spirit, all the technical characteristics and rules of use of which you will learn from this article.

White spirit is a substance obtained by distilling and refining petroleum. At its core, it is one of the fractions of high-boiling gasoline.

Important! Today you can buy white spirit of both domestic production and imported brands. Moreover, the second option is distinguished mainly by the complete absence of an unpleasant pungent odor. The price of white spirit will vary not only depending on the brand, but also depending on the volume of the packaging container.

White spirit composition

United exact formula this solvent does not exist. The basis for its production is a mixture of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon compounds.

For many manufacturers, the percentage corresponds to:

Technical characteristics of white spirit

By appearance White spirit is a relatively viscous transparent substance similar in consistency to machine oil. In addition, it has a very pronounced sharp odor of kerosene or does not have it, which is typical for improved modern versions of this solvent.

There are white spirits on sale today, the technical characteristics of which correspond to the following indicators:

Advantages of white spirit solvent

White spirit has several advantages. Among the most significant, regarding its value, note:

Application of white spirit

This solvent has very wide capabilities. It is recommended to be used in the following areas:

• production of paints and varnishes;
• production of antibacterial solutions for wood processing;
• production of drying oils, primers;
• as a cleaning agent for parts of industrial equipment and automobiles;
• for degreasing metal surfaces;
• for the preparation of bitumen, slate, rubber roofing and automotive mastics;
• in the production of polishing and grinding pastes;
• as a substance for preliminary preparation of surfaces various types before painting.
  

  Important! White spirit is also excellent for cleaning coins, including collectible ones. Find out how to perform this procedure correctly from the video below.
  

Application technology

The purchased solvent is already ready for use. The technology for its use is very simple:

Safety rules for use

Despite the not very high toxicity threshold compared to other materials in the solvent group, white spirit requires caution from the user and careful adherence to safety rules:

Conclusion

White spirit does not lose its position of popularity among consumers, despite the appearance of newer solvents on the market. This is mainly due to its excellent specifications combined with an affordable price. The main condition for the correct use of this solvent is strict adherence to all safety regulations. In this case, you will be able to get the desired result of the quality of the work performed and not harm your own health.