Entering a village garden on a warm June day, you will probably see an overgrown curtain of elegant cockerels. Simple and unpretentious, but no less charming for that. The folk flower also has a more euphonious name - iris; it has a rich pedigree and its own elite. The magnificent varieties of irises with photos and names described in this article will appeal to amateur gardeners and professional garden designers.
Iris - the personification of grace and eleganceRainbow flower
The rhizomatous perennial belongs to the Kasatiaceae family and has almost 800 species, distributed almost throughout the planet. It is difficult to find a person who does not know what an iris looks like - its flower is so unusual that once you see it, you will not forget it. But if there are any, we offer a description of the plant.
Its rhizome is creeping, divided into annual units. A fan of flat sword-shaped leaves sprouts from each segment in the spring. From this bunch comes a thick, durable peduncle, on which 1 to 6 single flowers bloom.
The flower itself is large - 7.5–11 cm high, up to 18 cm in diameter, consists of 6 petals (lobes) - three internal and three external. The inner petals are usually raised upward and form a “crown” or “glass”. The outer lobes, also called fouls, diverge horizontally to the sides or are lowered down.
Both the variegated colors of the petals and the palette of numerous varieties of irises confirm the name of the flower, which is translated from Greek as “rainbow”. There are a variety of tones and combinations:
- plain (self) – white, pastel, rich, almost black;
- combinations with traditional color combinations - white and blue, yellow and brown;
- contrasting combinations of tones and shades, for example, pink and lavender;
- variegated (speckled, edged).
There is no single international classification of the plant - in our country only rhizomatous perennials are called irises; in Europe, bulbous relatives of the flower are also included in the same genus. And the domestic garden classification does not add clarity to the simple amateur gardener. Without going into botanical details, the following types of irises are most often grown in gardens and parks:
- bearded (the most numerous, widespread and sought-after group);
- Siberian;
- Japanese;
- Spuria irises;
- bulbous hybrids (Dutch or English).
Before purchasing collectible irises, carefully read the assortment and resistance of the specimen you like to the climatic conditions of your region. Many of the hybrids bred in the USA, Japan, Holland, Australia are heat-loving and cannot withstand the frosts of the middle zone, not to mention Siberia or the Urals.
By choosing varieties with different flowering periods, you will enjoy a rainbow palette from mid-May to July. Bearded irises
More than 500 varieties and interspecific hybrids - the bearded iris boasts such a large family.
A powerful, resilient and unpretentious perennial according to the height of the bush is divided into 3 groups:
- dwarf varieties (21–40 cm);
- medium height (41–70 cm);
- tall (from 71 cm).
In the tall group, forms have been bred that grow up to 110–120 cm with powerful peduncles that simultaneously bear 5–12 flowers. The taller the plant, the larger and more massive they are, with dense, corrugated petals and a “lace” edge.
The distinctive feature due to which the iris received its specific name is the so-called beard, clearly visible in the photo below. This is a shaggy stripe of dense short hairs located at the base of the central vein of the outer fouls. In color it can either coincide with the main background or contrast with it.
A coral-colored beard is clearly visible at the base of the outer petals.
Advantages of the view
It is no coincidence that bearded irises are so popular. In addition to their magnificent appearance and a wide range of colors and shades, they have many other advantages.
- The plant grows quickly and intensively.
- Blooms profusely and for a long time.
- A large number of frost-resistant varieties have been developed that do not need to be covered for the winter.
- The flower is hardy, rarely gets sick, and is resistant to pests.
Bearded irises are good in flower beds and as cut flowers. Dwarf varieties are appropriate in borders and on alpine hills, solo and in composition with other perennials. Tall specimens are indispensable for tapeworms; they look great in company with lilies and peonies.
Review of popular varieties
We offer a small selection of varieties of bearded irises with photos and names. This is only a small part of the assortment offered by domestic and foreign breeders, for which we selected spectacular specimens that have proven themselves in our conditions.
- Supreme Sultan is a two-color hybrid of American selection, a powerful plant more than a meter high. The inner petals (standards) are a rich yellow-ocher color, collected in a crown, the fouls are cherry-burgundy with a yellow beard, dropped low. The edge of the petals is corrugated. Flowering period is May-June.
Pictured is the American variety Supreme Sultan - Thornbird is a popular variety of green-flowered bearded plants, tall (over 80 cm) with a strong peduncle and a luxurious fan of leaves. The flower is large (ø 13–14 cm), orchid-shaped with cream standards and greenish-mustard foliates, on which a yellow beard with a violet-brown horn stands out. It blooms in June-July, magnificently and abundantly. Suitable for growing in the middle zone.
Green-flowering variety Thornbird - Sultan Palace is one of the spectacular monochromatic hybrids of Dutch selection. The height of the bush is about a meter, the flower is large with a diameter of up to 15 cm. The upper and lower petals are dense, velvety, rich reddish-brown in color with burgundy veins along the field and a slightly corrugated edge, the beard is yellow. The flower smells nice. The plant belongs to the highly winter-hardy group and will delight you with long and lush flowering.
Red ones are one of the most elegant irises - Vaibrant is a variety of irises for those who love yellow flowers, so magnificent both in the flowerbed and in the photo. The color is uniform, thick, golden-yellow, the petals are strongly corrugated along the edges, and yellow-orange beards are barely noticeable at the base of the follicles. The flower has a light, refined aroma. The plant itself is of excellent quality, tall (from 85 cm), large-flowered, and does not degenerate during the growing season. Blooms early.
A flower for lovers of sunny irises - Vizir is a magnificent tall variety with large, solid flowers. The rich palette of petals plays with raspberry-violet, cranberry, and pomegranate shades. The petals are corrugated with “bubbles” along the edge. On bright fouls, an orange beard stands out.
In the photo - Vizir iris variety - Champagne Waltz is a tall two-color hybrid of an American origin. The standards are a delicate peach shade with apricot veining, the fouls are white with an apricot-yellow border, low-set. The petals are dense, corrugated, with a velvet texture. The beard is red-orange.
Border along the edge of the fouls - a new trend in the selection of irises, the Champagne Waltz variety - Immorality is an amazing white iris, pictured below. Standards, fouls, beard - everything about this flower is pure snow-white, the petals are slightly wavy, with a velvety texture. The height of the peduncle is 75–85 cm. The uniqueness of the variety lies in its remontability. It blooms for the first time in May, and again, under favorable weather conditions, in September. It has good frost resistance.
Reblooming iris variety Immorality - Toronto is a tall, mid-early hybrid of an American origin. The flowers are large (ø 13–16 cm), two-color, floating in shape. The inner petals are a warm pinkish-peach color with a wavy edge, the foils are a contrasting dark burgundy tone, turning along the edge into a burgundy-pink “lace” frill. The red-orange beard stands out clearly against the dark foil. Very colorful, elegant flower!
In the photo - iris variety Toronto - Super Model is a tall, monochromatic beauty with large lavender flowers. The shape of the flower is orchid-shaped with floating foils, the petals are corrugated, with a fringed edge, decorated with an orange beard with white tips. This variety of iris smells pleasant. Blooms in July, winter-hardy.
Elegant variety - a real Supermodel - Super Hero is a real superhero with a cap of large, heavy flowers on a strong, tall peduncle. The crown is formed by white standards with a golden border, the fouls are horizontally located, with an ocher area in the center, turning into dark burgundy, almost black edges. The golden-yellow beard stands out as a bright spot on the petal.
Two-color variety Superhero
Siberian irises
Our compatriot Siberian iris in the photo looks similar to its bearded relative, but in the structure, agricultural technology and description of the flower it has a number of differences.
- The shape of the flower is similar, but it is somewhat smaller, without a beard, and the petals are narrower and elongated. Although in fairness it must be said that some modern varieties can compete with beard irises in flower size.
- The plant grows into large bushes and shoots out a huge number of flower stalks.
- The foliage of this species is brighter and more elegant and serves as a decoration for the garden even after flowering.
- The species is extremely hardy, cold-resistant, and more reliable in adverse weather conditions.
- Unlike the bearded iris, this flower can grow and bloom in the shade.
Unfortunately, Siberian irises have no scent. But this does not detract from the decorative capabilities of the flower and the interest in it from breeders.
Assortment of Siberian irises
Dozens of varieties and hybrids of Siberian irises have been bred around the world to suit every taste, some of which we have collected in this collection with photos and names.
Japanese irises
Sword-shaped irises that grow in Japan and in our Far East are called Japanese. This is not a specific, but rather a collective term. For a long time they were considered unsuitable for cultivation in the northern regions; they were grown in Primorye, the Caucasus, and the Black Sea coast. Breeders are trying to actively promote the crop to the north; more or less frost-resistant varieties have appeared, but in general, the “Japanese” in the middle zone do not have enough heat and light.
The Japanese iris flower is very interesting - large (ø up to 25 cm), similar to a saucer. All 6 lobes are bent horizontally, only the branches of the pistils (styles) with an openwork comb at the end are raised upward. In addition to single-color and two-color varieties, speckled, bordered varieties with contrastingly colored veins are common. Let's give an example of a few of them.
Bulbous relatives of irises
Bulbous xyphiums are flowers very similar to irises. In the English and Dutch traditions they are called bulbous irises.
The main difference is the presence of bulbs instead of rhizomes. Their leaves are narrower, grooved, more like daylilies, the peduncles are thin and tall. The flowers are identical in structure to the cockerels - they consist of 6 lobes; some species have a marigold curved upward on the foils, as can be seen in the photo below.
This is what a bulbous iris looks like
In the southern regions, this flower is cultivated quite successfully, but in the north it does not take root, and even if it blooms in some years, it then withers and disappears.
Another flower that resembles either irises or daylily is the now fashionable alstroemeria.
In the photo - Alstroemeria
This is a South American rhizomatous perennial that grows up to 1 m. The flowers are six-petaled, variegated, multi-colored. The plant is heat-loving, so it can be grown in the garden only in the south, but in the middle zone - only indoors.
Video about types and popular varieties of irises:
Moscow, Russia, on the website from 01/11/2017
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Irises have long gained popularity due to their unusual appearance and unpretentiousness. They practically do not require any maintenance; even an inexperienced gardener can cope with growing them. A lot of varieties of this plant have been developed. In order not to get confused in such diversity, you need to study irises, varieties with photos and names in advance. This will help create a spectacular garden that will be the envy of all your neighbors.
Varieties of irises
Iris is an unpretentious perennial plant that is distinguished by its unusual shape and color of flowers. It is suitable for growing in open areas flooded with sunlight. A distinctive feature of the flowers is their enchanting delicate aroma. Therefore, they are often used in the perfume industry.
Wild irises today can be found in meadows, steppes or on steep cliffs. In greenhouse conditions, about five hundred different varieties have been bred that are suitable for growing in personal plots. They can be divided into several large groups:
- bearded;
- dwarf;
- bulbous;
- Siberian;
- swamp;
- Japanese.
In European countries, it is customary to divide these plants into 10–15 categories. Separately, border, Californian and some other species are distinguished. To decide which of them will take root better on your site, carefully study the irises, their varieties with photos and names.
Bearded irises
Bearded iris is considered one of the most common plant varieties. Its distinctive feature is the presence of thin hairs on the lower petals. They have a more saturated color compared to the general tone of the flower. Among the most spectacular varieties are:
This is just a small part of the variety on the market today. When choosing, pay attention to the fact that the flowers are in harmony with neighboring specimens and fit into the overall design of the site.
The height of such varieties can reach 80 cm, so you should not plant them in close proximity to light-loving low-growing plants.
Dwarf irises
The dwarf iris differs from its fellows in its small stature. The height of the peduncles does not exceed 40 cm. For most varieties this parameter is even 20 cm. They will be an ideal option for decorating small compact flower beds. Among the most popular varieties are:
Dwarf irises thrive in light, moisture-permeable soils. If the soil in your garden is heavy, add sand to it before planting.
Bulbous irises
Everyone is accustomed to the fact that irises are rhizomatous plants. Modern experts have managed to develop several varieties growing from bulbs. They are distinguished by unusually early flowering. They can be compared to snowdrops. As soon as the snow melts, the first flowers appear. There are three main types:
Bulbous irises look good in a flower bed with crocuses, muscari, galanthus and so on. They will be an ideal option for alpine slides.
These varieties can be grown in pots and large flowerpots. They will be an excellent decoration for verandas and gazebos.
Siberian irises
Photos of Siberian irises are impressive. They are distinguished by the extraordinary beauty of their flowers. The value of this species is also that the foliage of the plant has a rich green color throughout the entire season. The most spectacular varieties are:
Such varieties look impressive along the banks of improvised reservoirs, in large rockeries. Groups of such flowers can be used to decorate the lawn, which will make the landscape unusual.
Swamp irises
Swamp iris or iris grows everywhere in our country. The leaves of this species are sword-shaped. Their length can reach two meters. This species does well in partial shade. Therefore, such flowers can be planted along fences or near trees with a not too thick crown. Among the most popular varieties are:
Having studied these varieties of irises with photos and names, we can conclude that they are ideal for group plantings. Using different types of irises you can create spectacular flower beds.
Japanese irises
Japanese iris has orchid-shaped flowers. Their size can vary from 15 to 25 cm. In Japan, such plants are planted so that they can be admired from above. From this angle they look most impressive. The plants are large, so when planting between them it is necessary to maintain a distance of at least 30 cm. The most popular varieties:
After studying photos of varieties of irises, you can choose the right planting material suitable for your soil type. If you choose specimens with different flowering periods, you can admire the beauty of the flowers all summer long.
Irises bloom in the garden - video
When choosing bearded irises to grow on your site, first of all, decide on the size. The fact is that these flowers vary in height: there are bearded irises that grow up to 70 cm, and there are also those that rise above the ground no higher than 5 cm. The best varieties of bearded irises must meet certain requirements, about them you You will find out by reading this material.
Medium-sized, tall and miniature bearded irises
Bearded irises are the largest group of irises, consisting of several classes.
Tall bearded irises (TV)- powerful plants with a height of 71 cm with a branched peduncle, many buds and large flowers, sometimes up to 20 cm in diameter. In the Moscow region they bloom from mid-June to early July.
Medium-sized bearded irises (MB) - from 41 to 70 cm in height, are in turn divided into three groups:
- border irises (BB) with a flowering period similar to tall bearded ones, but with a proportionally smaller flower;
- intermedia irises (IB) with a flower size of 10-13 cm and a flowering period in the Moscow region from the beginning of June; not necessarily highly branched, but forming a profusely flowering bush;
- table, or miniature tall bearded irises (MTB) - with a tall thin branched peduncle and relatively small (no wider than 8 cm) flowers, used mostly for bouquets and tables, which is where their name comes from.
Standard Bearded Dwarfs (SDB)- 21-40 cm high, in the Moscow region they bloom from the end of May.
Miniature Bearded Dwarfs (MDB)- the smallest, the height of such bearded irises is 5-20 cm. These flowers bloom very early (in the Moscow region from the first half of May).
Requirements for tall bearded irises
The modern tall bearded iris is a striking flower! Any person who sees it is fascinated by its beauty and is extremely surprised when he learns that growing luxurious irises is no more difficult than any other garden flowers or even vegetables in the garden. Perhaps there are so many erroneous opinions about any crop that many, even very experienced gardeners, are wary of it, usually contrasting new varieties with old ones. And it’s completely in vain: among modern varieties there are plenty of those that can bloom reliably and regularly in the middle zone and even have some advantage in resistance to the adversities of our harsh climate compared to historical varieties. Therefore, it is undoubtedly worth striving to acquire new varieties. But the main advantage of the new varieties is that they are immeasurably more beautiful than the old ones.
The progress in breeding flowers of tall bearded irises is amazing. The main attention is paid to the flower, because even just one flower - whether it grows in the garden or stands in a vase - can captivate the imagination of a gardener and make him fall in love forever. Until now, new color combinations and exquisite color patterns are appearing, instantly gaining immense popularity. But, despite all the achievements in expanding the color range of irises, the main attention is paid to the quality of the flower.
Flower quality means:
- wide, sometimes interlocking halyards and closed standards at the base, making the flower collected, rounded and expressive;
- the density of the texture of the petals, which ensures resistance to precipitation and a longer lifespan of the flower;
- grace and uniformity of corrugation of shares;
- width, density and expressiveness of the beards.
An example of excellent flower quality is 'Paris Fashion' by Keith Keppel. Giant flowers also require peduncles proportional to their size - tall, strong, resistant to gusts of wind. To ensure that the opening flowers do not interfere with each other, they must be “spaced” on sufficiently long branches, and in order to ensure a long flowering period, there must be a large number of buds in the inflorescence.
Particularly attractive are the so-called exhibition varieties that have 3-5 simultaneously open flowers on the peduncle.
Considerable attention is also paid to the garden attractiveness of the iris - the health of the foliage, the rapid growth of the bush and the representativeness of its flowering, when the optimal number of peduncles on the bush is approximately equal to half the number of leaf fans.
Of particular interest are those varieties whose bushes do not shoot flower stalks simultaneously, but over a period of time, ensuring exceptionally long flowering. Remontant varieties have a long flowering period.
With the correct selection of varieties, the flowering of tall bearded irises lasts for 50 days.
The main requirement for iris varieties for cultivation in the northern regions is growth energy, which makes it possible to compensate for many other shortcomings of the plant. The next most important quality is frost resistance. The ability to withstand low temperatures in winter is related to the rhythm of plant development. Irises, whose growth ends by the end of summer and the leaves die off, overwinter much better and, therefore, their flower buds are not damaged in harsh winters.
Tall bearded irises are a very heat-loving crop. Thus, in the Moscow region and to the north, only 20% of the varieties grow successfully from their total number. Therefore, my advice to amateur gardeners is to be interested first of all in its frost resistance when purchasing.
Resistance to fungal and bacterial diseases is another important quality. Resistance to bacteriosis and heterosporiosis ensures healthy foliage, decorative planting and regular flowering.
The standard planting unit for bearded irises is usually an annual growth of iris rhizomes. In the middle zone they reach acceptable sizes by early August. This is the reason for the recommended planting period - the first half of August, however, good results can be obtained if planted before the beginning of September.
Which rhizomes are best to take for planting: large or small, annual (short) or biennial (long)? The answer to this question depends on your goals: if by all means you want to see an iris flower the next year after planting, choose a large rhizome with a wide fan of 6-8 leaves. If flowering next year is not important to you, but the reliability of overwintering and the survival rate of the plant are paramount, choose a medium-sized one or two-year-old rhizome with a diameter of 2-2.5 cm, with 3-4 leaves.
Agricultural technology for growing bearded irises: planting and care
The agricultural technology for growing bearded irises depends on the purposes of their cultivation, so it is impossible to give any universal scheme. Some grow irises by planting and annually digging up planting material, usually for sale. Others plant irises to decorate the garden in a border, mixborder, rockery or on a rocky hill, where it is advisable not to touch them for several years.
The most important factors for successful growing are light and drainage. Do not forget also that irises are heat-loving plants. The more sun irises receive in the garden, the better they bloom. A little shade in the morning or evening is, of course, acceptable, but only some varieties of irises, such as the intermedia ‘In a Flash’, will withstand more serious shade. Southern slopes are preferable to northern ones; a place near the southern wall of the building would also be good. It is good if the landing site is cleared from the prevailing cold winds.
When the soil is excessively moistened, the respiration of the roots is disrupted and they partially die, which leads to a slowdown in plant development.
Under such conditions, bacterial rot also develops on the rhizomes of irises.
If the soil is sufficiently drained, irises can be planted on a flat surface; if the soil is heavy and clayey, then it is better to plant them on a hill or on ridges. Ridges are also more convenient from the point of view of constructing a winter shelter.
High soil fertility is the key to successful cultivation and productivity of tall bearded irises in central Russia.
Bearded irises do best in light, sandy soils. Loams are also acceptable, but the addition of sand and organic materials (peat, composted sawdust, humus) significantly improves the structure and permeability of the soil, which leads to excellent results. You just need to take into account that to improve the soil to a depth of 20 cm, you will need to add approximately 100 liters of sand per 1 m2 of soil.
The optimal level of soil reaction (pH) is 6.8.
If you intend to grow irises in beds, then their preparation consists of the following operations:
- clearing the area from the roots of perennial weeds;
- delivery of compost or other available organic material to the site;
- leveling organic matter over the area while simultaneously adding wood ash or dolomite flour and mixing it with the soil with a pitchfork or shovel.
- applying mineral fertilizers under the rake: potassium sulfate and superphosphate, as well as ground or colloidal sulfur in an amount of 5-7 g/m2;
- shaping the profile of the ridge and compacting the soil to avoid further subsidence and bulging of newly planted plants. The height of the bed profile after compaction is approximately 7-8 cm;
- delivery of coarse-grained river or washed quarry sand to the ridges in such quantities as to form a layer of approximately 5-7 cm, and leveling it;
- The ridge is ready for planting. To preserve the structure of the ridge, it is convenient to plant bearded irises in the following way: spread the sand slightly by sticking the bayonet of a shovel into it, place the roots of the iris section into the resulting gap, compact the soil around the roots and water the substrate, move it towards the planted iris section so that it is in the layer sand
The cuttings are planted on the ridge in such a way that the cut part of the rhizome is directed towards the edge of the ridge, and the fan of leaves is directed towards the middle. In this case, the growing roots will be directed towards the center of the ridge, which will make it easier in the future to water the plants into the groove in the center of the ridge.
Irises can be replanted at any time during the growing season. However, spring replanting may result in poor flowering this year. In the middle zone, optimal results are obtained when planting and replanting irises in August: the plants have enough time to take root and gain sufficient weight to fully bloom the next year. Irises planted later, that is, in the fall, usually remain healthy, but do not have time to take root before the onset of cold weather. This can lead to rhizomes sticking out of the ground when the soil freezes. To avoid bulging of the rhizome, additional mulching is required for the winter or simply fixing the rhizome with a suitable object at hand.
A common mistake when planting and caring for bearded irises is over-burying the rhizomes. It is recommended to plant irises so that the back of the rhizome is at the surface of the soil. In the winter, it is better to sprinkle the exposed rhizome with soil, and in the spring it needs to be raked off.
When caring for bearded irises, watering is required in the first weeks after planting the irises for successful rooting. To ensure abundant flowering, adult specimens of bearded irises require watering only when there is insufficient precipitation, especially in May, when the weather is often hot and dry, sometimes in June-July. However, in August, and even more so in September-October, adult bushes no longer need watering. At this time, the plant is preparing for winter, and its growth should not be stimulated.
Irises should be fed both in early spring and 3-4 weeks after flowering. Fertilizing with soluble fertilizers gives a quick effect: in the spring - complex with microelements, in July-August - potassium phosphate.
For the successful cultivation of bearded irises, phosphorus is the most important of the main nutrients; therefore, when preparing a site for irises, it is advisable to fill the soil with superphosphate (100 g/m2) or bone meal (200-300 g/m2). For spring and summer fertilizing, you can use a complex fertilizer with a low nitrogen content, for example, NPK = 6:10:10. The autumn mixture has a ratio of NPK = 0:13:18, it also contains magnesium and elemental sulfur, the latter being 5%. The spring mixture for feeding has the formula NPK=8:37:11.
The best organic fertilizer for iris crops is well-rotted compost.
Bearded irises successfully grow in one place for 4-5 years. The specific timing of bush renewal depends on both the variety and the agricultural technology used. Some time after planting, the iris bush thickens, which ultimately leads to the cessation of flowering. How quickly thickening occurs depends on the multiplication rate of the variety. Some varieties are characterized by vigorous growth, and at the same time are not too demanding on external conditions.
As the bush ages, it is advisable to increase the amount of fertilizing. If these measures do not bring the desired effect, the bush needs to be dug up entirely, the soil should be updated by adding mature compost and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, and the 3-4 strongest shoots should be planted, shortening the leaves by about 2/3.
Many modern varieties do not need shelter for the winter. If the variety is chosen for the beauty of the flower, but is not winter-hardy enough, additional efforts will be required in preparing for winter. The main problems for irises in winter in the middle zone arise when an ice crust forms on frozen ground without snow, preventing the plants from breathing.
It is convenient to cover irises with spruce branches or oak leaves, which have the property of not caking. To prevent such a frame from getting wet, it must be covered with a non-woven covering material or film - under them the irises will not smear in winter.
Irises overwinter best under dry air cover by first drying the ridge, which usually takes one month. The easiest way to provide protection from rain is to use a dense reinforced film laid on arches or directly on the foliage of irises. The ends of the shelter should be open for free air circulation, and they should be closed for the winter. The estimated construction time for the shelter is late October - early November.
In spring, the film is removed from the shelter as early as possible, immediately after the snow melts, and other material is removed as needed.
Varietal irises are propagated vegetatively, that is, by dividing the rhizomes. To speed up propagation, you need to remove the flower bud located at the base of the fan of leaves in the fall. After this, the plant’s lateral buds begin to grow, which form new powerful shoots in the spring. There is no need to dig up the rhizome to separate them. On a dry sunny day, you need to rake away the ground, tear off the dried and yellowing leaves, and cut the remaining green leaves to the rhizome. The cut must be disinfected and left to dry in the sun. After the wound has healed after a few days, the rhizome needs to be mulched with soil so that the awakening buds can form roots. Often recommended for propagating irises, dividing the rhizomes into bud cuttings is a much less effective method, since the plant is severely injured and, as a result, flowering occurs much later.
For propagation, dormant buds on 2-3-year-old rhizomes can also be successfully used. To do this, pieces of rhizomes are cut out from the middle of the bush and simply transplanted to a new place.
New varieties of tall bearded irises for the middle zone
The description provides the following data: name of the bearded iris variety, originator, year of registration, characteristics of the flower, flowering period.
Sundress
Pirogov 2000
Golden-smoky top with a lilac touch. Along the white field of the bottom there are purple dots and strokes, a golden-smoky border. Bright yellow pistil ridges glowing in the depths of the flower. Exceptionally vigorous growth and regular abundant and long-lasting flowering. Early.
Queen
Sholupov 2003
Rich purple-violet, with a velvety lobe texture and powerful corrugation. The exhibition peduncle easily holds several simultaneously open flowers. Average flowering time.
Cranberry Sauce
Black 2002
Cranberry South
A silky-brilliant flower with a lilac-crimson tint. Yellow beards highlight the magnificent depth of color. Average flowering time.
Darcy's Choice
Schreiner 2007
Aarsis Choice is a flower of original color with white beards on crimson halyards. Wonderful branched peduncle. Average flowering time.
Dawn then Dusk
Schreiner 2008
Aoun Tu Dusk
A bicolor pink-purple flower that takes on a unique gray hue in acidic soils: unexpected and attractive. Medium late.
Edgefield Glow
Schreiner 2011
Edgefield Glow
An exceptionally bright orange flower with dark tangerine beards. This new variety of bearded irises has incomparable color and excellent growth vigor, unlike other orange forms. Mid-early.
Never Been Kissed
Blyth 2008
Never Vin
Kissed Fashionable reverse: blue top and pure white bottom. Luxurious flower of delicate color. A distinctive feature is the best corrugation to date. Mid-early.
Palace Symphony
Blyth 2007
Palace Symphony
A purple-wine flower with almost black beards and exceptional ruffles. A variety that combines the best features of American and Australian selection. Average flowering time.
Royal Birth
Royal 2003
Royal Burf
Creamy white with golden halyard bases. Dense texture of the flower. Abundant flowering and sustainable growth. Mid-early flowering period.
Undivided Attention
Ernst 2004
Unbiased Attention
Rich pink, warm salmon color, thicker in the center of the flower. Bright coral beards. Abundantly flowering variety. Medium late.
Warranty
T. Johnson 2004
Warranty
A huge soaring purple-black flower with a velvety texture on a tall peduncle. Mid-late flowering period.
The rhizome of this flower is called “orris root”, and its aroma really resembles the faint smell of violets. In this article we will talk about existing types and varieties of irises. You will learn how to properly plant a crop and how to care for it so that its cultivation in open ground is successful.
Iris (the Russian name for the flower is iris) is a rhizomatous perennial with sword-shaped leaves with a waxy coating and thin, fibrous roots.
Irises can be found in many summer cottages. However, not all flower growers know how many varieties of these flowers have been bred by breeders
Multi-colored iris flowers (petal color ranges from white to dark purple), similar in appearance to orchids, have a pleasant faint aroma. Some varieties of garden irises have a “beard” on the lower petals. Flowering of irises begins in May and continues until June: each individual flower remains decorative for about a week. The seeds of the plant ripen in autumn, in triangular capsules that contain from 25 to 45 seeds.
Modern types and varieties of irises are so diverse, beautiful and fragrant that it is difficult to make a choice when growing in open ground in favor of any one variety.
Varieties and varieties of iris
There are main varieties of irises that are grown in summer cottages, in open ground in parks and squares, and used in arranging compositions in landscape design.
Bearded iris
Bearded iris(I. barbata) - this species is in turn divided into three subspecies, depending on the height of the plant:
- low-growing - plant height does not exceed 40 cm;
- medium-sized - plants reach a height of up to 70 cm;
- tall - above 70 cm.
The species received its name for the decorative “beard” that adorns the lower petals of the flower in the middle part. The color of bearded iris flowers varies from pale blue to dark purple. Breeders have developed a huge number of new varieties of bearded iris, including two-colored ones with edged petals. These varieties are very decorative, compact, with large flowers and an exciting aroma.
Iris Russian
Iris Russian(I. ruthenia Ker-Gawler) – forms low dense “pillows” - curtains. Varieties of Russian iris bloom with medium-sized flowers of pale colors. It tolerates short-term soil drying out well. In landscape design, it is used to design rocky hills and rock gardens, where rare watering is required.
Siberian iris
Siberian iris, which is actually called iris, is a tall plant, reaching 1 m. The flowers are rich, purple with shades of blue. Siberian iris and its hybrids bred by breeders are classified as a separate subspecies of irises: limniris. Plants of this subgroup do not have a “beard” on the limb of the petals.
Swamp iris
Swamp iris, or yellow, grows in nature along the banks of lakes, rivers, and along the slopes of wet ravines. It can develop and bloom well on saline soils and at high outside temperatures. These varieties of iris are successfully used in landscape design to decorate artificial reservoirs: outdoor pools, ponds, waterfalls; iris tolerates excessive watering and looks great when planted decoratively.
Iris smooth
Iris smooth(I. laevigata Fisch) – growing at high air humidity; requires abundant watering. Planted near water bodies.
Iris germanica
Iris germanica– with sword-like leaves and flowers on tall, strong peduncles, up to 90 cm long. The plant is suitable for arranging bouquets and is grown for cutting.
Iris dwarf
Iris dwarf– a low plant, reaching a total size of 10 cm. It forms dense clumps when grown in open ground. Small flowers have a variety of colors.
Kaempfer's Iris
Kaempfer's Iris(another name is xiphoid iris) refers to late varieties of species irises. Leaves 30-40 cm high frame the flat flowers of the xiphoid iris. Peduncles reach 60-70 cm.
Japanese iris
Japanese iris- a wide variety of irises, which is divided into subgroups depending on the size of the flower. The cultivation of these varieties is most preferable due to the highly decorative nature of the flowers. Japanese irises often form double flowers at different times (early, mid, late, very late). Japanese iris flowers are painted in all shades of rich purple. Flowers of this subgroup do not tolerate wintering well.
Planting a plant
Irises - planting and caring for plants of all botanical species in open ground is approximately the same.
Foreign breeders have developed varieties of tuberous irises, the cultivation of which is not difficult. These flowers are small in height and have narrow, graceful petals of bright, rich colors. Planting material is sold in the fall; planting is done before winter.
To plant the bulbs, a trench is dug and the excavated soil is mixed with:
- sand;
- double superforsat;
- crushed coal;
- fresh garden soil.
Leave enough space between plants when planting
In the prepared grooves, the bottom of which is sprinkled with sand (you can spill it with a pink solution of potassium permanganate, epin or heteroauxin), the iris bulbs are laid out with the sprout facing up.
Important! Do not bury the bulbs too deep into the ground. Rule: small onion plants are usually planted at a depth of 3 times the height of the bulb.
Planting small-bulbed irises does not require watering; the moisture that was used to water the planting furrow is sufficient. The soil on top needs to be lightly compacted so that birds cannot pull out the bulbs before they take root. Small bulbous irises will begin to bloom next spring.
Growing. Bearded irises
Planting bearded irises requires compliance with certain rules:
Don't forget that bearded irises need to be fed very carefully.
- Do not add fresh manure, compost or nitrogen fertilizers to the garden bed when planting.
- Chalk or lime should be added to acidic soil first. Soil acidity should be reduced.
- It is not allowed to plant iris rhizomes in dense, compacted soil. Preliminary digging of the soil using a spade and adding sand will make the soil more suitable for growing your irises in open ground.
- The rhizomes of bearded irises are not buried in the soil: the buds should be at the level of the top layer of soil.
Proper care
Iris in landscape design
Very often, iris is used when planting in parks, squares, and when decorating areas in landscape design. The huge variety of varieties and species, as well as the high stability of the plant itself, allow the wider use of this crop for landscaping. Curtains of different varieties of irises look great on a lawn carpet.
“Fields” of irises of different colors look very beautiful
Mono-plantings of iris crops decorate urban areas and do not require serious care. This crop has the advantage of being planted for many years in one place and maintaining a decorative appearance.
Caring for irises: video
Varieties of irises: photo
Irises are common wherever they can grow, as they are unpretentious and enjoy a special position among most flower lovers. The iris flower is mentioned in many legends, tales, myths and superstitions. It is a symbol of trust and hope, strong friendships and goodwill. The characteristics of varieties, planting features, and plant development will be discussed below in the article.
Description of the legendary flower
The iris flower is named after the Greek goddess of the rainbow, Iris. The reason for this comparison is that these plants come in a wide variety of colors. One flower can combine many shades of one or more colors, which creates a harmonious and always unique picture.
Interesting!
Iris is also called Iris or Cockerel. In appearance, this plant looks a little like an orchid; it has very delicate, beautiful buds, fascinating in their variety of colors.
Iris is a perennial crop. The root system is located in the upper soil layer of the earth. Stems are branched or simple. They can grow in bunches or singly, depending on the variety. The leaves are xiphoid, flat, and collected at the base of the stem. The buds can be in inflorescences of several pieces or arranged one at a time. The perianth is corolla-shaped, tube-shaped with a six-part curve. The petals at the base are collected in a tube, where the nectar is located.
The flowering period of these flowers depends on the location. For example, in central Russia they bloom from late May to July. The distribution area covers almost all continents. They do not grow only where it is very cold or there is unbearable drought.
Types and varieties of irises
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The iris or iris family includes more than 800 species. In science, these plants have a very complex structure, but in the world of ordinary flower lovers they differ mostly in color and some other parameters. There are table, short (up to 35 cm), medium-sized (36-70 cm), tall (more than 70 cm), aril-like, small-flowered, bearded and non-bearded cockerels. Some popular varieties are listed below as an example.
- « Baltic Sea" - German variety. The flower is divided into sections according to color. The beard is bright blue and the petals are sky blue.
- « Draculas Kiss"or "Dracula's Kiss" is an American variety registered in 2009. The average height of the stem is 91 cm, the color of the bud is dark purple.
- « Show Queen" is the result of the work of Siberian breeders. The flowers are soft white, very beautiful, and easy to distinguish among other types of irises. At the base of the inflorescence there is a yellow neck.
Photos of peony varieties Baltic Sea, Dracula's Kiss, Show Queen
- « Wink"- a dwarf variety with a delicate white flower framed by violet-blue petals. 2 buds ripen on each peduncle.
- « Imperial Opal» - beardless iris flower native to Siberia. It has a very large flower (up to 10 cm), the upper and lower petals are lavender-pink, lighter towards the edges, with small darker specks and veins. The peduncle itself is tall, growing about 80 cm.
- « Delavayi" - a Siberian variety with an interesting shape of petals. They are oblong and narrower than other irises. The color is blue-violet with light stripes. Peduncle 60 cm high.
Photo of irises Imperial Opal, Delavayi
How to plant irises correctly?
How to plant irises in open ground? Before you start planting, you need to make sure that the place is suitable for them. This is a very light-loving culture. It needs a lot of light, so the planting site should be in an open area, without constant natural or artificial shade.
As for soil moisture, it all depends on the variety. 'Kaempfer', 'Bristly' and 'Yellow' flower iris are grown in marshy areas, while 'Siberian' requires moderate humidity. Most bearded irises prefer well-drained soil. So this point needs to be clarified in each individual case.
Irises cannot be called picky flowers, otherwise they would not be so widespread around the world. But it’s also not worth lumping them all together. Different varieties may have their own special preferences for the amount of moisture, type of soil and other aspects of care and planting.
Planting is carried out in autumn or spring. Before the procedure, you need to fertilize the ground (with humus, phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen, or compost), remove all weeds and their roots, or treat the ground with herbicides so that weeds do not grow on the site. If the soil is too heavy or light, it needs to be balanced - peat and sand are added to clay soil, and clay soil is added to sand. You also need to regulate the acidity - the iris flower prefers soil with medium acidity.
Interesting!
Herbicides, which gardeners actively fight against, are very popular when growing flowers. After all, flowers are not used for food and therefore such chemicals will not cause harm in the flowerbed.
To plant irises, you need to make holes or a trench at double the height of the root. Then moisten the soil and plant the roots. After this, they are sprinkled with earth, the soil is slightly compacted and left to germinate. If the ground part is very high, it should be cut by half immediately after planting.
Divided roots are always planted superficially. They should be covered with only a thin layer of soil on top. If planting was carried out in the fall, the plantings should be covered with spruce branches for the winter and mulched with sawdust or some similar raw material.
How to care for irises?
Caring for indoor plants at home and caring for irises that are grown in open soil are two different things. The main thing you need to understand is that it is much easier to control indoor conditions than to grow flowers in flower beds and garden areas. Sudden changes in weather and excessive rainfall can completely destroy the plant, so you need to provide the most comfortable conditions for growth so that the crop grows strong and resilient.
- Watering is carried out as needed. Do not forget that the top layer of soil should not dry out. It is especially important to ensure timely watering during flowering. Irrigation is carried out with warm water heated by the sun in the evening or morning.
- In order for the plant to grow and develop luxuriantly, you need to make sure that weeds do not grow among the irises. They need to be removed promptly as soon as they appear. As you remove weeds, you also need to loosen the soil.
- It is advisable to replant irises every 3-4 years. This is the only way to get them to bloom lushly. If you do not replant irises for more than 5-6 years in a row, the soil becomes very depleted and the plant may stop blooming altogether.
Unlike all other species, “Siberian” irises are replanted once every 10 years, not more often!
- The iris flower is fed with potassium-phosphorus fertilizers 2-3 times throughout the entire season: at the beginning of growth, at the beginning of budding, and 10-15 days after flowering.
- With the onset of frost, you need to cut off the tops by half. Before winter, the plantings should be covered with peat or sawdust to a depth of 10 cm so that the roots do not freeze, and in the spring the mulch must be removed!
Photos of iris flower colors
Diseases and pests
Unfortunately, not only people love irises, but also pests. True, they do not admire them, but eat and destroy them. To prevent these unique plants from suffering from pests and diseases, you need to know how to protect the iris flower and prevent any disease.
- Thrips are especially dangerous during drought periods. They spoil the appearance of the plant, disrupt the processes of photosynthesis in the leaves, which is why the latter become brown spots and dry out. To combat this pest, you can use Karbofos or make a homemade infusion. For 400 g of shag, take 40 grams of grated laundry soap. All this is filled with water and infused for 10 days. After the infusion is ready, it is filtered and used for spraying.
- The cutworm eats the base of the peduncle, causing the plant to turn yellow and slowly die. To combat them, Karbofos is most often used. The plant is treated with it 2 times per season (during the period before and after flowering).
To prevent diseases and pests from attacking irises, it is worth spraying them with complex insecticides and fungicides several times a season.
- The grinder caterpillar causes the buds to dry out. You can use a 20% solution of Confieldor, a common insecticide, against it.
- Ascochyta blight and cercosporiosis lead to leaf curling and death. As a rule, this problem is observed during the period of active development. This is not very dangerous, since the leaves then grow back, but the problem is a lot of stress for the plant, so the buds produced by a diseased plant are usually smaller in size and not as lush. To combat diseases of this type you need to use a solution of copper oxychloride. For 10 liters of water, take 30 g of oxide.
How are irises propagated?
The iris flower reproduces by dividing its rhizomes. Once every 4-5 years, after the end of flowering (July - early August), a 1-2 year old piece with a renewal bud and a bunch of leaves is separated from the mother root. But before separating the bud, you need to warm the mother root in the sun for 5-6 days.
After dividing, the divisions need to be disinfected for 30 minutes in the Khoma solution to kill all pathogenic bacteria. After this, the young roots are dried for 2-3 days in the sun, all the cuts are sprinkled with crushed coal, and only then used for planting.
Legends and tales about irises
Irises are credited with a special energy. They are not only elevated to the rank of symbols, but also endowed with magical properties. This is one of the reasons why the cockerel is so often mentioned in the legends and mythologies of different cultures.
- According to one legend, the first iris flower bloomed on earth more than 1 million years ago. In those days, animals, birds, insects, as well as wind and water gathered to admire its beauty. They fell in love with the flower so much that they spread it all over the earth, and when the flowers bloomed, they fell in love with people.
Interesting!
Caring for irises at home that have been cut from the garden is quite simple. They just need to be placed in a vase with settled water (room temperature) and placed in a bright place. Sometimes a couple of aspirin tablets or a teaspoon of sugar are thrown into the vase to make the flowers last a long time.
- Another legend says that a long time ago, a beautiful rainbow lit up the sky. But it did not dissolve like all the others, but crumbled into small particles that fell on the ground. After some time, flowers grew in the places where parts of the rainbow fell, which were called irises.
- It was the ancient Greeks who first compared this plant with the greatness of the goddess Iris. From the ancient Greek language the word “Iris” is translated as rainbow. It is believed that the flower received its name thanks to Hippocrates, who named it.
Interesting!
In Feng Shui, the iris flower symbolizes life, eternal youth, hope and faith. Therefore, it is recommended to place it in the living room or any other room where the whole family gathers.
- In Japan, the word "iris" and "warrior spirit" are written with the same hieroglyph. In this country, irises are compared to the courage and bravery of warriors. On Boys' Day (a Japanese holiday), the Japanese love to come to iris gardens and admire these flowers. This custom has existed for a very long time and is strictly maintained from year to year.
- In Christianity, irises are associated with the suffering of Christ. For this reason, these flowers have been cultivated in monasteries and temples for many centuries.
These exquisite flowers, which people affectionately call iris or cockerels, have been known since ancient times and are widely distributed throughout the world. In appearance, they look a little like orchids and can be painted in a variety of colors.
Currently, there are more than eight hundred varieties of this flower. All of them differ in the size and shades of satin petals, the grace of inflorescences, sharp leaves and buds. Irises never leave the flower Olympus; florists widely use them to create original floral gifts.
Surely our readers have received such bouquets. However, not everyone knows Irises are shrouded in many legends, some of which we will tell you today.
Legends about irises
As legend has it, the iris bloomed for the first time on Earth. several million years ago. The flower was so beautiful that not only birds, insects and animals came to admire its beauty, but also the wind and water, which spread the ripened iris seeds throughout the earth. And when the sprouted seeds bloomed, the iris became man's favorite plant.
There is a version that Florence was named this way by the Romans because a huge number of irises grew around this ancient settlement. The name of the city from Latin into Russian sounds like “blooming”. Today, the Florentine iris adorns the city's coat of arms.
Since ancient times, people have been interested in the meaning of flowers. Irises in Ancient Greece are associated with the legend that has survived to this day that these flowers owe their name to Hippocrates himself. The great Aesculapius gave the name to the plant in honor of the goddess Iris. She brought the will of the gods to people, descending from Olympus to earth along the rainbow. “Iris” is translated from ancient Greek as “rainbow”.
Interestingly, in Japanese the words “warrior spirit” and “iris” are denoted by the same hieroglyph. On Boys' Day, which is celebrated annually on May 5, the people of Japan ritually admire these amazing flowers in iris gardens (hanami), where they are grown in water. On this day you can see iris on all household items. The meaning of the flower here is associated with courage and bravery.
On the boys' holiday, a “magic” talisman is prepared from these flowers, which instills courage in the soul of the young man. According to the Japanese, iris leaves, similar in shape to swords, should awaken strength and courage in a boy. In the old days, on Hanami Day, the Japanese made a drink from orange and iris flowers, which they called May pearls. Everyone who used it got rid of many serious diseases.
Nevertheless, this flower represents a completely peaceful iris family, which belongs to the asparagus family from the class of monocots, and behind the feigned restraint and even severity hides a tranquility that is so attractive to many. This explains another meaning of flowers. In Christianity, irises are associated with the suffering of Christ, which became the reason for their cultivation in cathedrals and monasteries.
And another beautiful legend about the iris. Once upon a time, after a heavy rainfall, the sky was painted with a rainbow. But, to the surprise of people, it did not disappear, as always happened, but crumbled into tiny particles that fell to the ground. Very soon, in the places where the fragments of the rainbow fell, luxurious flowers, previously unseen on Earth, grew. These were irises, which even today give us their unearthly beauty, grace and delicate aroma.
Types of irises
The genus Iris consists of 800 species known today. In floriculture, bearded specimens are especially popular, valued by gardeners for their variety of colors and original shape. They look great in independent bouquets, as well as in compositions with other plants.
In the scientific world, these flowers have a complex classification, which consists of several levels, but for the average amateur gardener, the decisive argument when choosing a variety is the flower shape and color scheme. Miniature and table, aryle-like and non-aryle-like, small-flowered and dwarf, tall and short - it is really difficult to understand all this variety of species. Therefore, in this article we will focus on bearded irises, which are especially popular among gardeners.
Iris: description, meaning of the flower
This plant belongs to the group of rhizomes. Annual flower stalks have six petals. Three of them are located outside and three more are located inside. The first ones are turned down and located horizontally, the second ones are vertically located and rolled into a tube. Most varieties resemble orchids. The color of the outer and inner flowers can be different. This gives the plant charm.
The leaves resemble those of gladioli: sword-shaped, flat, collected at the base of the stem. Their color can vary from lemon yellow to blue-green. Irises can have single or grouped peduncles. The height of the plants ranges from 20 cm to 120 cm, on which up to seven buds bloom.
Where do irises grow?
Under natural conditions, iris grows in clearings and forest edges, in well-lit areas. In the garden, it is better to plant it on the sunny side, away from trees: iris does not tolerate close contact with the roots of powerful plants.
Iris flowers
Irises do not bloom for long. The flower sizes vary - from 8 to 15 cm in diameter. The original shape of the flowers is almost as beautiful as exquisite orchids.
In reality, the iris has no petals. What many think of as the petals is actually a perianth divided into six lobes. Alternately concave and concave lobes can be of different colors: from white to velvety black, bordered or with contrasting central lobes, plain. The perianth edges range from straight to semi-double.
The meaning of iris is interesting. This amazing language originated in the East. Women, raised in the strictest Muslim traditions, often could not speak when they wanted to. For this reason, they began to use flowers to convey their mood.
For example, in Ancient Egypt, the flower became a symbol of eloquence, in Babylon - the strength and power of royal power. Today in our country, the iris is associated with wisdom and trust, hope and faith, as well as fearlessness. The flower located at the top of the bouquet means work, at the bottom - the kingdom.
Irises: the meaning of the flower (Feng Shui)
The meaning of irises according to the teachings of Feng Shui is quite diverse. The main thing is life that knows no old age, eternal youth. In addition, they are a symbol of hope and faith. That is why these flowers perfectly harmonize the space in the living room where the family gathers.
The iris is the favorite flower of French monarchs. Louis XIV was the first European ruler to introduce the art of feng shui into the country's palaces and parks. The blue color of the iris is the color of concentration. It helps in achieving high goals and aspirations. If you dream of doing great things, then you should have a blue iris. In addition, it helps you to be more collected and focused.
To whom and when should I give irises?
Since today many are interested in floristry, the question often arises : “Why are irises given as gifts?” Meaning of colors allows you to use these in men's and children's bouquets, as well as as a complement and bright accent in women's compositions. Bouquet of irises will be a wonderful gift for a friend.
According to the flower horoscope, iris patronizes those born in February. These flowers will be appropriate as a gift to loved ones and friends. They will convey warmth and kind attitude to people close and dear to you. The color of the iris also matters. For example, it means purity. Orange is fun and joyful and can lift your spirits. Pink is perceived as a symbol of tenderness and love.
In some cases, the iris symbolizes innocence. There are many positive comparisons and associations associated with this flower, so it is suitable as a gift for any occasion - a birthday, wedding anniversary or simply as a token of attention on a nice clear day.
What flowers go with irises?
The following compositions are very popular today:
- field flowers - bouquet with iris, chamomile;
- springtime - iris with lisianthus, alstroemeria and birch branches;
- VIP bouquet - iris, longi lily, hydrangea, lisianthus and delphinium;
- classic - irises, santini and alstroemeria.
In this article we tried to briefly describe to you the meaning of flowers. Irises are truly unique plants that can be chosen for any occasion.