A selection of materials and a standard lesson program on electrical safety for conducting lessons in secondary schools in the Stavropol Territory
(for managers and chief engineers of distribution networks, foreman of linear sections of electrical networks)
Basic electrical safety rules that need to be communicated to students and teachers of life safety
1. Do not light fires or place firewood, straw or other flammable objects under power lines.
2. You cannot fish near power lines, so as not to die if the fishing rod approaches an unacceptable distance to the wires of overhead power lines - electrical injury is inevitable.
3. Do not fly kites or gliders near electrical installations and power lines.
4. Never get closer to a downed power line than 8-10 meters, even if the broken wire is on a tree wet after rain, lying on the ground, on a fence or other objects.
5. You must not throw wire, magnetic tape, rope or other objects onto the wires of power lines; you must not throw any objects into electrical installations. Do not fly kites near power lines.
6. Do not climb on power line supports.
7. You cannot open the doors of transformer substations, you cannot open electrical panels on staircase landings. You cannot enter the substation territory.
8. Do not pull the plug from the socket by the wire.
9. Do not handle the wires of household electrical appliances with wet hands.
10. You cannot use faulty electrical appliances, damaged wires of electrical appliances, and you cannot repair electrical appliances connected to the network.
11. Do not repair electrical wiring yourself; invite an electrician.
12. Do not connect to the electrical network yourself. Invite specialists.
Approximate methodological support
Initial situation (thesis and arguments).
The need for the program is due to the fact that:
The summer and autumn seasons are unfavorable in terms of injuries at power grid facilities;
Despite the measures taken by IDGC Holding OJSC and electric distribution companies (Stavropolenergo), cases of unauthorized entry into electrical installations, attacks on overhead power lines and, as a result, injuries and deaths of third parties continue;
There is no reduction in fatal electrical injuries.
The system of theses and arguments is aimed at consistent, evidence-based formulation and explanation, with the help of energy specialists, with a cumulative total of the advantages of careful handling of power grid facilities of power distribution companies. An important factor stimulating consumers to treat electrical grid facilities with caution is the fear of electrical injury caused by the broadcast of video and audio materials about the consequences of electric shock.
Abstracts:
IDGC Holding and its subsidiaries electric distribution grid companies are responsible for preserving the health and lives of consumers electrical energy;
Power engineers are socially responsible, therefore electrical grid facilities are protected by fences, warning signs and locks;
Network companies regularly check the protection of power facilities from penetration by third parties, as well as the presence of safety signs;
The causes of children's electrical injuries are curiosity and lack of awareness of danger;
Power engineers conduct educational activities among children in educational institutions and summer health camps;
The equipment that power engineers install at their facilities is currently the most modern, combining the latest developments in the field of electrical safety;
Unauthorized connection to electrical networks poses a danger to the life and health of citizens and, in addition, is criminally punishable;
Unmetered and non-contractual consumption of electrical energy threatens the energy security of both individual citizens and regions Russian Federation generally.
Arguments.
The main causes of accidents of third parties on electrical equipment are:
Committing illegal actions: when attempting to steal non-ferrous metals, work in the security zone of an overhead power line that was not coordinated with the owner of electrical networks;
Unauthorized work on entering a private home;
Self-repair of electrical installations by persons without special training.
At the same time, people die and suffer, and the state suffers multimillion-dollar losses. In accordance with the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, this crime is punishable, inter alia, by imprisonment:
There are criminal penalties for stealing wires from power lines. The potential risks, not only for health, but in terms of possible imprisonment, are too high for them to become an “energy talk” by neglecting them;
Repair and installation of electrical wiring is carried out according to special rules, and therefore should only be carried out by qualified electricians;
Do not touch wires that are sagging or lying on the ground. To avoid an accident, you must always remember that it is deadly not only to touch, but also to come closer than 8-10 m to a broken wire lying on the ground (tree, fence, etc.);
Children are especially likely to suffer electrical injuries.
Under no circumstances should you:
Climb onto the roofs of houses and buildings where electrical wires pass nearby, or onto the supports of overhead power lines;
Play under overhead power lines;
Throw wire and other objects onto the wires;
Launch kites and controlled aircraft model airplanes and helicopters in close proximity to power lines;
Get into electrical installations.
One of the causes of accidents is fishing in the protection zone of overhead power lines. As a result, fishermen receive electrical injuries, usually fatal;
Knowledge of labor safety rules when interacting with electricity and being near electrical grid facilities prevents accidents.
Option 1
Sample summary of a typical lesson on the topic “Electrical safety”
(based on materials from IDGC of Center, JSC)
Goals and objectives of the lesson:
Teaching children electrical safety rules, preventing electrical injuries, preventing theft of equipment from power facilities.
Equipment:
laptop, projector, projection screen, training simulator (if available), training films.
During the classes:
Organizing time
Introductory talk:
Good afternoon, dear guys!
Today we will talk to you about an important and interesting topic about electrical energy and the rules for safe handling electrical equipment and behavior near energy facilities.
Everything around us, one way or another, is connected with electricity. Ancient Greek scientists knew about some properties of static electricity, but only in the 18th-19th centuries did the systematic study of electrical phenomena begin. Through numerous studies, scientists have learned to obtain electric current and use it.
It is hard to imagine modern world without electricity. Heat, light, movement - we owe all this to electricity. Electricity has made our homes more comfortable and household chores easier. Without electricity there would be no computers, radio and television, and man would not fly into space. Thanks to the electric charge, the headlights and control devices of cars work. It will not be an exaggeration if we say that electricity is the engine of the development of civilization. This situation will continue in the future, although some methods of obtaining electrical energy and transmitting it over a distance will become more efficient, environmentally friendly and more convenient.
The phenomenon of static electricity has fascinated people for centuries. A striking example of a discharge in nature is lightning. In a thundercloud, consisting of water droplets and ice floes, powerful air currents arise, which mix and push together the water droplets and ice floes. In this case, some electrons leave the pieces of ice, and they acquire an electrical charge. When the discharges reach enormous values, between the upper and lower boundaries of the cloud or between the cloud and the ground, a discharge occurs in the form of a giant spark - lightning.
During a thunderstorm, you should never approach electrical objects. Often during a storm, electrical discharges from lightning cause wires to break on power lines. Remember that you should not get closer to broken wires on the ground, in trees, or in puddles than 8-10 meters, since the breakdown of airspace occurs at such a significant distance.
Now we will tell you in more detail about power supply. The electrical system moves energy from the power plants where it is generated to the homes and businesses where it is used. The network of power lines through which energy is supplied to consumers is called the energy system of a given region or entire country. Typically, the system receives energy generated by thermal, nuclear, and hydroelectric power plants. The same network supplies energy to consumers who are often located far from the places where electricity is produced.
Arriving through overhead wires and cable lines power transmission voltage must be converted into one that is used by consumers. Transformer substations are used for this. Transformers increase the output voltage at a power plant's generators to reduce energy loss along long power lines. Substations near consumers reduce voltage to values for which industrial equipment and household electrical appliances are designed.
Guys! Each of you has repeatedly seen such transformer substations; they have warning signs: “Stop! High voltage!". Such information tells people about the danger to life that lurks behind iron doors substations. (As an example, you can cite some case, perhaps even from another region).
Action electric current has a detrimental effect on the functioning of all internal human organs. A strong electrical discharge causes cardiac arrest.
Work on electrical installations does not tolerate negligence. Specially trained electricians can carry out any work on the lines. Before approaching the electrical installation, the voltage is switched off. Touch the wires going to the residential buildings, garage buildings are not allowed, as electric arc damage may occur - the so-called “air breakdown”. As a result, death may occur.
At home, faulty household appliances are not toys. If you see exposed wires or sparking outlets, report it to an adult immediately. Remember that electrical energy poses a significant danger to life.
Watching a typical animated film (if available).
Guys! You have once again seen how you cannot behave unreasonably with electrical wires and near substations.
Often a person suffers from the effects of electric current. It is possible to bring him back to life within the first 5 minutes. Now on the training simulator we will show you how to properly perform artificial respiration and chest compressions.
Now everyone can try to do it themselves (if possible).
Fixing the material. Answers on questions.
Summarizing:
Dear Guys! Today you learned a lot. The most important thing: remember the rules of safe behavior with electricity. We sincerely wish you never to find yourself in situations where these rules need to be applied in practice.
Option 2
ELECTRICAL SAFETY LESSON SCRIPT
Audience: grades 5-9.
Introduction. Who are we? (tell us that we are energy workers, people responsible for a sustainable, uninterrupted power supply)
Good afternoon guys!
We are power engineers - people who work with electricity. We service power lines in all cities and districts of the region and promptly eliminate emerging emergencies. Our task is to ensure that electricity flows uninterruptedly to your homes and the homes of all residents of the region.
Today we will talk about electrical energy and the rules for safe handling of electrical equipment and behavior near energy facilities.
Electricity is an invisible danger.
What is electricity? Electrical energy is a faithful assistant modern man. Electricity is coziness, convenience, comfort, and without it modern life is impossible today. Without electricity there would be no computers, radio and television, and man would not fly into space. Thanks to the electric discharge, the headlights and control devices of cars work. It will not be an exaggeration if we say that electricity is the engine of civilization.
But unreasonable use of electrical energy can lead to irreparable consequences for people's lives and health. Any electrical devices and equipment, regardless of voltage level, are potential sources of danger. And this danger is not visible, because electricity has no taste, no color, no smell.
More than 40 thousand people worldwide die from electric shock every year.
We have come to you to tell you about this danger and to warn you against improper contact with electricity. Electricity is a serious thing and you can’t joke with it!
Electricity surrounds us everywhere - both at home and on the street.
Tell me, where during the day do you come into contact with electricity?
On the street: The electrical system moves energy from the power plants where it is generated to the homes and businesses where it is used. The network of power lines through which energy is supplied to consumers is called the energy system of a given region or entire country.
The voltage coming through the overhead and cable power lines must be converted into one that is used by consumers. Transformer substations are used for this. Transformers increase the output voltage at a power plant's generators to reduce energy losses along long power lines. Substations near consumers reduce voltage to values for which industrial equipment and household electrical appliances are designed.
Energy objects on the street are not dangerous if you do not come into contact with them to satisfy your curiosity or for some other reason. Therefore, do not open electrical panels or try to enter power facilities. All of them are marked with special signs warning of the danger of electric shock.
Strong winds or thunderstorms can cause wires on overhead power lines to sag or break. When approaching any voltage line, make sure there are no slack or broken wires. Remember, it is deadly not only to touch, but also to come closer than 8-10 meters to a broken wire lying on the ground, on a tree, on a fence. You may get under step voltage. The fact is that the earth, being a conductor of electric current, becomes, as it were, a continuation of a broken wire. The electric current spreads across the soil and gradually fades away. It is enough to take a step inside this invisible circle to receive electrical injuries due to the difference in electrical potentials under the right and left feet. Moreover, the wider the step, the greater the potential difference, the more severe the damage. By the way, with the help of such an artificially created step voltage, many secret objects are protected.
There are cases when people die from touching something other than themselves electrical wires, but to random conductive objects coming from them. There was a case in Russia when a teenager who was crossing a railway line had a cassette tape stuck in his player. Not wanting to postpone the repair until home, the boy began to manually rewind the tape right on the bridge. One end of it jumped out of his hands and touched the contact wire, the voltage of which is 27 thousand volts! As a result of the injury, the boy lost both arms.
Last year in the Komi Republic, the driver of a KAMAZ vehicle, while dumping soil, moving with the body raised along the side of the road in the security zone of a power line, caught one of the wires of the 10 kV line. The driver, according to eyewitnesses, when getting out of the car and holding the car door handle, stepped on the ground and was electrocuted. First aid did not give any results. The driver died. Water flowing through a bare wire conducts current well. That's why they say you can't swim during a thunderstorm? A lightning discharge is electricity, and when lightning strikes a river or lake, all living things in the water die within a radius of several meters. The same goes for a wire that fell into the water.
It is prohibited to approach any electrical installations. Under no circumstances should you climb onto the roofs of houses and buildings where electrical wires run nearby. A few years ago there was an incident where boys were jumping from the roof of a house onto a garage. One of them stumbled and caught electrical wires when falling. The teenager died. Another incident occurred in one village. Electric wires walked to a private house. There was a children's swing nearby. The child swung too high on them and touched an exposed wire. He also died.
Do not climb onto supports or throw wire or other objects onto the wires. You are not allowed to make fires or fish under power lines. Even throwing a simple fishing line with a hook onto the line or touching the wire with a fishing rod, you can die.
If you find a broken wire, open door transformer substation, distribution panel, power equipment must be reported to adults. They, in turn, will inform the electrical network workers, who will come and fix everything.
Work on electrical installations does not tolerate negligence. Specially trained electricians can carry out any work on the lines. Before approaching the electrical installation, the voltage is switched off.
At home: About half of deaths from electric shock in the home occur when using electrical appliances.
You probably know that you should not pull switched-on appliances by the cord, handle them with wet hands, try to insert them, or try to fit a plug that does not fit into the socket. It is also advisable not to use electrical appliances in the bathroom, and not to disassemble or repair faulty appliances while they are on. Do not attempt to repair the wiring. Do not drive nails into the wall or drill in a place where hidden wiring may be located.
Do not overload the network with sockets.
Previously, in the country, when building houses, electrical wiring was done on the basis that several light bulbs were on in the house, a refrigerator, a TV and a vacuum cleaner were working. Nowadays our houses are filled with electrical appliances. How do you know if you've overloaded your network with electrical appliances? Many people have surge protectors. A computer, printer, monitor, TV, fan can be connected to it. If all this works at the same time, and the surge protector is warm, then you have already overloaded the network, and you need to turn off something.
Consequences of electrical injuries
Electrical shocks are one of the most serious types of injuries. The fact is that the human body is 80% water. And water, as we said, conducts current well. When a person is struck by current, the discharge passes through the person’s body, burning out all organs along the way. This leads to a number of cardiovascular and respiratory systems, nervous system, mental state. Its consequences can be loss of vision, burns, injuries to the hearing organs, and internal organs. The causes of death are paralysis of the heart and breathing, as well as the brain. It is not immediately possible to determine what is damaged in a person. After an injury, people take years to heal. It happened that people died 3-4 months after the injury - the body could not cope with the damaged organs.
If a person has suffered an electrical injury before your eyes, it is possible to bring him back to life within the first 5 minutes. Now on the training simulator we will show you how to properly perform artificial respiration and chest compressions.
- If possible, demonstrate the Gosha simulator
Now everyone can try to do it themselves.
Theft of non-ferrous metals
Another thing we would like to tell you about is theft. The theft of a wire from a line or equipment from a substation is a criminal offense, and adults, in order to avoid punishment, invite children to take part in the theft of non-ferrous metals from energy facilities. As a result, children suffer serious burns and injuries.
There was a case when a father and son went to steal a wire. The son threw a rope and a stick onto the line and came under tension. The father saw his son burning before his eyes, but could not come up and save him - a fire formed around his son. electric field and the step pressure did not allow me to get closer to the boy. The son burned to death in front of his father's eyes.
Therefore, you need to remember that energy facilities are a high-risk area!
Dear Guys! Today you learned a lot. Most importantly, remember the rules of safe behavior with electricity. We sincerely wish you never to find yourself in situations where these rules need to be applied in practice.
Tip for teaching staff:
If the Internet is available in an educational institution, you can optionally use the corporate section of the website of IDGC of the North-West, JSC, dedicated to electrical safety issues for children and adolescents. Section address: http://clients.mrsksevzap.ru/podryjis_s_elektrichestvom
It should be borne in mind that the management of the public relations department of IDGC of the North-West JSC allows the use of this sectionNO RIGHT TO COPY AND SUBSEQUENTLY CHANGE THE CONTENT!
Approximate plan for an excursion to the electrical grid complex facility
- Gathering of students (carried out with the assistance of the assigned teacher).
- Delivery of a group of students to the power facility (in agreement with the management of the educational institution).
- Safety briefing while at a power facility.
- Access to the power facility is carried out accompanied by specialists from the Stavropolenergo electrical network. It is necessary to lead a group of students in a single formation, and the presence of an electrical network employee behind the group is necessary (to prevent individual students from falling behind, diverging to the sides from the group and bringing them closer to live parts of the equipment).
- A story about the operation of a power facility. Showing the main elements of substation equipment, a detailed explanation of the degree of danger when unauthorized persons are near power equipment.
- Final part: reminding students of basic safety rules.
Note: It is recommended that during a visit to the power facility, emphasize the role of Stavropolenergo electrical network specialists in ensuring sustainable, uninterrupted power supply to all consumer groups in the region/settlement.
Head of OSO A.V. Koloskov
This lesson - conference was held as the final lesson on the topic: “Electrical phenomena” in the 9th grade (according to the textbook Gromov S.V.); as an extracurricular activity during Physics Month; as an integrated lesson in physics - life safety; Some of the material was used in 11th grade when studying the topic: “Production, transmission and use of electricity” “Development of communications”. In a two-hour program, it is convenient to consider these topics in the form of defending projects in different sections of the topic, paying attention not only to high matters, but to the reality of this phenomenon in everyday life, developing and maintaining interest in physics among students with a humanitarian mindset, on specific problems and features of life situations .
Preparatory work
At the beginning of studying the topic in classes, the topic of the lesson is announced - the conference “Electrical Safety”; Groups are formed, leaders are appointed, and topics for speeches are determined.
Students become familiar with the forms of execution creative work: poster on electrical safety, slogans, story, message on the topic. The library and office have a folder on this topic, a list of references, and a presentation. All students should discuss their work with the teacher while studying the topic.
Lesson objectives:
- Teach students to independently work with additional literature and Internet resources on this topic.
- Develop in students the ability to compose and make reports, messages on a given topic and design information stands.
- Develop in students the ability to explain observed phenomena.
- To develop students' interest in physics.
- Introduce rules of conduct during a thunderstorm.
- In a non-standard form, introduce students to electrical safety rules.
Lesson objectives:
- Educational - teach students to highlight the main thing, draw conclusions, apply knowledge in practice, give knowledge about precautions when dealing with electric current, acquire knowledge about the effects of electric current on a person.
- Educational - developing the ability to listen and analyze the speeches of classmates; educating students to take care of their health.
- Developmental - development of logical thinking and cognitive activity, development of cooperation.
Lesson plan - conference:
I Introductory speech by the teacher.
II Class student reports
- Lightning
- History of lightning research
- Lightning rod
- Rules of conduct during a thunderstorm
- First aid for lightning victims
- The effect of electric current on living organisms
- Electrical safety rules at home
During the classes:
Teacher's opening speech.
Dear guys, our lesson today will be unusual and it will be taught by your classmates. For three weeks, we have been working on messages, reports, and drawings on electrical safety in nature, everyday life and technology. They wrote stories, composed slogans, poems and ditties. Today, at the general lesson, we will sum up the results, name the best, listen to their reports, and evaluate the results of the work of our groups.
Let me introduce you to today's speakers
(The guys who prepared the messages are being introduced)
Speaker No. 1
We have all seen lightning more than once - it is a beautiful and dangerous natural phenomenon. It is estimated that about 100 lightning strikes occur in the Earth's atmosphere every second.
ELECTRICAL SAFETY LESSON SCRIPT
Audience: 1-4 grades.
Authors: Executive Office, Arkhenergo branch of IDGC of the North-West OJSC
INTRODUCTION
Let's imagine what will happen if there is no electricity. And not in a few houses, but throughout the whole city, and not for a couple of hours, but for a week.
We conclude that electricity is necessary and useful for us. Electricity is coziness, convenience, comfort, and without it modern life is impossible today. Without electricity there would be no computers, radio and television, and man would not fly into space. Thanks to the electric discharge, the headlights and control devices of cars work. It will not be an exaggeration if we say that electricity is the engine of civilization.
The current is created by electrons - small, small particles. Electrons love to push, and have learned to push each other even at great distances. The closer one electron comes to another, the more strongly they repel each other: they will jump towards each other, push off and scatter again in different directions. When there are a lot of such free electrons collected in some object, they rush around it, looking for a way to run away, and, if a path is found, they run along it, headlong, like a stream downhill. You've seen electron paths like this many times: it's a wire. On top he is dressed in a rubber shirt, and under it is a bundle of thin, small wires. It is through these wires that the current enters the sockets, and then into electrical appliances.
Some of the guys join hands and pretend to be a wire. On one edge there is a child with a fork and a tee, on the other - with a flashlight. When a plug is plugged into a socket, electrons run around the wire, the children send out an electrical wave, and the flashlight lights up. When we turn it off, the flashlight goes out. We say that you ran fast, and the electrons ran millions of times faster, so fast that they created a river of invisible fire - an electric current. Why fire? Three palms - your palms get warmer. And the electrons are so fast that their running makes the electric current become an invisible fire.
Electricity can be not only a useful friend to us, but also a very dangerous enemy if handled incorrectly. When you are sitting by the fire (who sat by the fire?) or sitting in the kitchen by gas stove, no one would even think of putting their hand into the fire, right? And electrons are like invisible fire. However, people are so used to electricity that they often forget about the dangers. More than 40 thousand people worldwide die from electric shock every year. This is a fifth of the population of Novgorod. Any electrical appliances and equipment - from an electric kettle to a substation in the yard can be killers. And the worst thing is that the danger cannot be seen, because... can we see the electricity? Taste it? Can you smell it? No. The fact that we see light, hear the hum of a device and even sometimes smell a burning wire is just the result of the work that electricity does. Electricity is a serious thing and you can’t joke with it!
That's why we came to you to tell you about this danger and warn against mishandling electricity and tell you how to behave with it so that electricity becomes your friend.
Let's watch a short film.
Film The Mystery of the Yellow Triangle 7 min.
ELECTRICAL SAFETY AT HOME
Now you guys are real experts when it comes to electricity. Can you help us?
Look at the room where we are. Which one of you is the most attentive? Now show me on the map - how many outlets are there in this room? How many electrical appliances? (check your attentiveness on the slide)
And who has a problem finding mistakes in photographs? What electrical safety rules are violated here?
- Danger signals: loose sockets, dirty and sparking sockets. Wires with damaged plastic winding.
- Pampering with electrical appliances. All pranks with electricity end with the doctor.
- Please note - the boy is just hammering a nail. Who knows why this is dangerous? There are also wires in the wall under the wallpaper. And if you hammer a nail into a wire, it can cause a serious electric shock. Electricians have a special device that helps to hear the electric current - where the wire runs in the wall
- Fire hazardous devices. Why do you think these devices can cause a fire? This device is placed near things that can easily catch fire. This device has been left unattended. The owner has left, the device is working, heating up, if something goes wrong, there will be no one to turn it off - a mess. When we leave the room, we turn off everything for ourselves and our friend.
- Broken electrical appliances. Such a device can cause a strong electric shock and cause a fire. It’s easy to identify a broken device: if after turning it on it starts to smoke, get hot, smell burning or spark - this is a danger signal. The most difficult thing is when the device is turned on, but it does not work. It seems nothing dangerous: it doesn’t work, oh well. And this is the most serious signal. Electricity flows into the device through a wire, but it does not turn on, which means the wiring inside could have broken, and electricity begins to flow into the body of the device, (slide) so that if a person touches it, he will receive a strong electric shock. What to do? Unplug the appliance as quickly as possible and call an adult
- Water near electrical appliances. Puddles, wet hands.
Who of you will show me how to properly insert a plug into a socket?
There is also a rule of courtesy when working with sockets.
We only plug one plug into one outlet. After all, every electrical appliance is powered by electricity. Previously, in the country, when building houses, electrical wiring was done on the basis that several light bulbs were on in the house, a refrigerator, a TV and a vacuum cleaner were working. Nowadays our houses are filled with electrical appliances. How do you know if you've overloaded your network with electrical appliances? Many people have surge protectors. A computer, printer, monitor, TV, fan can be connected to it. If all this works at the same time, and the surge protector is warm, then you have already overloaded the network, and you need to turn off something.
Question to the experts: why is the winding on the wire rubber and not iron?
Because rubber does not conduct electricity.
Imagine throwing a handful of stones onto a hill. The stones will slide down. What if in the sand? They will fall and get stuck. Likewise, electricity flows easily through some materials, but not at all through others.
Some objects can freeze, stop our little electrons. They protect us from electricity. (lay out cards with a volunteer) This is wood, air, rubber, plastic - electricity gets stuck in them and no current flows through them. That’s why linemen’s helmets are made of plastic, the handles of screwdrivers and other iron equipment are made of rubber, and linemen are also protected by gloves and boots made of thick rubber. Such objects are called insulators - because they isolate, separate everything that can be shocked by electricity from a person, making it safe.
What objects enhance the effect of electricity? These are water, earth and metal - along them it rushes with redoubled force, like stones on an ice slide. If electricity flows through these objects, we do not touch them or approach them under any circumstances! These objects are called "conductors" because they easily conduct electricity.
Therefore, the wires and plugs of sockets are made of metal so that the current flows through them faster and nothing interferes with it. The plug is made of rubber, the socket is made of plastic, the wires are enclosed in a plastic winding. All this protects us from electric shock. Therefore, when we insert a plug into a socket, we never touch the metal parts or insert anything inside.
Talking ball (toss to the person who has to finish the sentence)
What happens to those who do not follow these rules? Let's warm up and play a little! We have a talking ball. We start the phrase, the one who catches the ball finishes it!
One two three four -
Who has a fire (in the apartment)
Smoke suddenly rose in a column.
Who didn't turn off the iron?
A red glow ran.
Who with the rosette (played)
Remember every citizen is a number (zero one)
I saw smoke - don’t yawn and call the firefighters (call)
So as not to end in disaster, the current cannot be extinguished.. (with water.)
Remember, young friend:
Tok doesn't like wet hands.
Before turning on the device,
You need to (wipe your hands)
You guys are great. Everything they said was correct. A burning electrical appliance should never be extinguished with water. Usually a fire is extinguished with water, but not in this case. After all, water conducts electricity. The electricity will spread through the stream of water to the would-be fireman - and you won’t be able to save the iron, and you yourself will be lost.
Never try to put out a fire yourself; call an adult with a fire extinguisher!
What if adults don’t have a fire extinguisher? What then should you use to extinguish an electrical appliance? Give them a hint. It is best to first turn off the device from the network - pull out the plug so that the electricity no longer flows. Then you can stew with anything. But it’s scary to touch the wire of a burning device, and it’s not always possible.
You can smother the fire, cut off its oxygen. Then the fire will suffocate. For example, cover the burning device with a thick cloth, such as a quilted pad. But there is a risk here - if the fabric is not dense enough, it will flare up even more.
Therefore, if an electrical appliance suddenly catches fire, we DO NOT TRY TO PUT IT OUT, we don’t touch anything, but we call adults to put out the fire with a special fire extinguisher or call the fire department.
What other conductors did we name? ? (water, metal, earth)
Right. Therefore, when you want to touch an electrical appliance, see if your hands are dry, wipe off the water on the table next to the appliance, and move away from the battery. Only pour water into an electric kettle when it is unplugged. You cannot use electrical appliances in the bathroom, not even a hairdryer. Dry your hair in the room or in the hallway. Do not go outside with electrical appliances.
ELECTRICAL SAFETY OUTDOORS
Well, at home we know everything about electricity. Are we moving outside?
Who remembers what sign is placed at power facilities to warn passersby that there is strong electricity inside? Guys, have you seen the yellow triangles? Is there one in your entrance, at school, in the yard? Are there transformer substations nearby? Have you seen a high voltage substation in your area?
You can show photos of violations, and let the children determine what is wrong.
- If there are poles with wires, switchboards and substations near you. You need to be especially careful in these places!
- If the door of a switchboard or substation is open or there is no yellow triangle, this is a disgrace, because someone can look inside and be exposed to voltage. If you see this, ask adults to call the energy company and complain.
- If children are playing at energy facilities, do not pass by - try to save them! If you see kids climbing on a support, what do you tell them?
- If people without uniforms and without helmets do something at energy facilities, these are energy thieves! They steal wires and equipment and can leave the entire city, hospitals, schools without electricity. You need to call the police urgently! This way you will not only save the city from a power outage, but also save the would-be thieves themselves.
- If you see a broken wire, a sagging wire, or any object on the wire, you need to urgently sound the alarm. The electric current continues to flow not only along the broken wire, but also everything that hangs on the wires itself becomes a conductor of electricity. For example, a kite wound around a wire, a ball, plein air, wire. You can’t let alone try to remove them - even approaching them is dangerous
What to do if you notice a danger signal? In no case should you rush to correct any electrical hazard noticed - for this we have electricians in their special uniform with special equipment! Our task is to report the danger: tell adults, call 112 or call the power company. Talking about the danger is a very important thing. This way you save the life of someone who may not know or not notice the danger.
Now let's imagine the situation. A thunderstorm has passed, you went out into the yard to get some fresh air... And you see that a tree has fallen on the wires and cut them off; the torn wires are touching the ground. Do you think this is dangerous? What are you going to do?
If the wire breaks and falls, the current continues to flow through it, but it goes into the ground, and an electric puddle spills over it. The puddle is invisible, but very dangerous. The puddle is invisible, but very dangerous. As soon as a person takes a step inside the invisible circle, he falls under the influence of very strong electricity. At the edge of the circle, a person will faint, and closer to the center, he may die on the spot. Therefore, under no circumstances should you come closer to the wire or move it out of the way - on the contrary, you need to move as far away as possible.
(motor activity: children stand in a chain, arms outstretched, measure the human chain until it reaches a length of 8 m) Let's all stand up. In turn, first, second... we need one more... Stop! Here's how far to move away from the downed wire.
There is one more secret. You cannot walk around the wire in a normal step. When electricity flows through the earth, the wider a person walks, the more electric shock he will receive. And why? Remember, we said that electrons push around randomly and as soon as they find a path, they all rush there. They lay such a path along a person’s legs: electricity enters one leg and exits through the other. It is very painful, more painful than boiling water. Our task is to prevent electricity from jumping between your legs. But how can you deceive the current? We need to pretend that we have one leg.
How to do it? You can jump on one leg. But if we lose our balance and touch the ground with our other foot or hand, we will receive an inevitable electric shock, because electricity will immediately create a path through our body.
You need to go around with a special step. With this step, spies penetrate secret facilities protected by electricity. You need to walk single file, in small, small steps, without lifting your feet from the ground and from each other. We place our legs tightly so that there is no gap between them - as if we have one leg - and it is rooted to the ground. Therefore, the most reliable way is to bypass the wire with a special step.
(motor activity: we all walk together in single file, correcting those who are doing it wrong).
ELECTRICAL SAFETY IN THUNDERSTORMS
We talked about electricity in wires, but there is also other electricity that arises from friction. It is also called static. For example, when you shoot knitted sweater, a crash is heard, and even sparks are visible in the darkness. It was so? Or when, wearing a woolen sweater, you touch metal and receive a gentle electric shock - as if a spark jumps from your finger to the iron? These are the electrons that live in us that become stronger from friction with wool. They can be fun to play with! (experiment with a ball) You need to rub the ball on your hair and apply it to the wall with the side you rubbed it with. He became electric and therefore was drawn to the wall. And the hair is electrified and moves after the ball .(experience with a butterfly) Take the plastic sticks from the tray and touch the paper butterflies. What do you see? Now we will charge the sticks with electricity. Take a piece of wool and rub it on a plastic stick. Like this (show). Slowly bring the stick to the butterfly and slowly lift it up. What happened to the butterfly?
Do you know what we did now? A real mini-thunderstorm.
Lightning in clouds occurs according to the same principle. Only instead of a sweater, pieces of ice are rubbing against each other inside the cloud. Such a powerful charge is formed in the cloud that electrons begin to jump between it and the ground, between it and another cloud - an electrical discharge occurs, so hot that it heats up the air, an explosion occurs, and we hear thunder.
By the way, what comes first - lightning or thunder? Who thinks it's lightning? Who thinks it's thunder? We always see lightning first, because electricity is very fast, much faster than sound. An electrical explosion occurs in the clouds - we see a flash, but the sound of the explosion is late. When you see lightning, you can count down the seconds to thunder - the more there are, the farther away the thunderstorm is from you. And when a thunderstorm is directly above you, lightning and thunder roar at the same time. For example, we see a flash of lightning, we count - 1,2,3,4,5 - thunder. the thunderstorm is still five kilometers away from us, you don’t have to be afraid and look for shelter. Lightning - 1,2,3 - thunder. The storm is approaching, you have to be careful! Finally, lightning and thunder strike at the same time - a thunderstorm is directly above us, very dangerous! Again, 2, 5, 7, 10 seconds pass between lightning and thunder - this means the thunderstorm is leaving, the danger has passed!
We must remember that lightning is not only very beautiful, but also very dangerous. She rarely hits a person, but it happens, so there is simple rules behavior in a thunderstorm.
The best and driest place to hide from a thunderstorm is at home. Close windows and doors and be sure to unplug electrical appliances. Let's figure it out. Why do you need to turn off electrical appliances? Lightning is strong electricity. If it gets into the house and you have the TV on, the electricity in the wires can suddenly increase and the TV will burn out from the inside. Why do you think you need to close the windows? How many of you have heard about ball lightning? This is the same lightning that is in the sky, only in the form of a flying clot of energy, an electric ball. Ball lightning reacts to movement. Ball lightning is motion sensitive - it chases and burns anything that moves, so there is no point in running away from it. If ball lightning flies into your room, it is best to freeze in place, not move and try not to breathe - it will slowly circle and fly out the window or door and go into the socket. But fear not, ball lightning is a very, very rare phenomenon.
What if suddenly there was a thunderstorm outside? Look at the slide - where can you hide in a thunderstorm, and where not? (we interview a couple of people).
Lightning strikes those objects that seem tasty to it. She loves everything big and tall, because the closer it is to the sky, the easier it is to get there. These are trees, towers, canopies, power line supports. Lightning also loves everything iron - buildings, greenhouses, water towers, sheds. Lightning loves water - rivers, lakes, everything wet. Moreover, lightning senses water and metal not only on the ground, but also underground. In the old days, the location of the lightning discharge into the ground indicated where the treasure was buried and where it was better to dig wells - after all, lightning is attracted by metal treasures hidden underground and hidden water.
Therefore, there is no need to hide under a separate tree or in a river, there is no need to climb a tree or stand under a canopy. In the forest, it is best to hide in the bushes from a thunderstorm. Well, the safest thing to do during a thunderstorm is in a car. The inside is lined with materials that do not allow electricity to pass through. Therefore, lightning that strikes the car will descend through streams of water into the ground, and those sitting inside will not feel anything.
But the man in the field is the highest point, appetizing for lightning. How to hide from a thunderstorm in a field? It's best to climb into a bush. If there are no bushes, squat down, group and become as small and inconspicuous as possible, close your legs tightly. Let's not forget to take off everything that is iron and move away from the bicycle or umbrella - they are both made of iron and attract lightning. And you definitely need to turn off your mobile phone - it studies the electromagnetic field, which also attracts lightning.
Let's try together to practice behavior in a thunderstorm! (physical activity) Children walk around the room. At some point the presenter says: “Lightning!” You need to sit down and group. Those who didn’t have time become thunder and help the leader by knocking on the drum. One can be assigned to ball lightning. When he runs out, everyone needs to freeze. Play 3-4 sessions.
HELPING THE VICTIM
So you know how to avoid getting into trouble. But what if your friends are in trouble? How can I help them?
Electrical shocks are one of the most severe types of injuries. The fact is that the human body is 80% water. And water, as we said, conducts current well. When a person is struck by current, the discharge passes through the person’s body, burning out all organs along the way. The strength of the electric shock depends on many things: from what you are wearing to what the weather is like outside. Looking at a broken wire, you cannot tell how strong the electricity is in it. Therefore, always act as if the danger is greatest.
But you can immediately tell when a person is receiving a strong electric shock. What do you think it looks like from the outside? It seems that the person will cry and immediately let go of the wire that is hitting him. But quite the opposite happens. My inattentive friend picked up the terrible broken wire, and something was wrong with her. She holds on to him with all her might, is silent and shaking. Nightmare! She was electrocuted. Do you know what happens when you serve your leg? She stops listening to you. Same with electric current. Strong electricity jams a person's hand, it squeezes around the wire and simply cannot let go. Such a person will not be able to call for help or cry, because electrical charges pass through his body and it does not listen.. If the electricity is even stronger, the person simply falls unconscious.
What to do? We must act very quickly. If trouble happened on the street: a person was walking and walking and fell, do not run up to him. First, look to see if there is a broken wire lying on the ground, if it is touching the wires, roof, or trees. If a person falls because he was exposed to electricity, there is no need to approach him. It's too dangerous. The electricity here is too strong, no available means can help cope with it. Call 112 and call adults for help.
And if trouble happens at home, we can help. How? I want to rush in and help. But under no circumstances should this be done. As soon as you touch a person, the current will spread to the rescuer, both will stick to the wire, as in the fairy tale about the tar barrel bull. Remember - you cannot help such a person until he is torn away from the wire. Ask an adult to turn off the electricity to the entire apartment or floor. If you can’t turn off the electricity, you need to open the invisible electrical circuit that holds the person. Here our assistant is a tree. You need to throw a wooden chair at a person to get him unhooked from the wire. The chair must be made of wood, not iron, because we remember that iron only makes electricity stronger. This is an extreme measure, because a chair can seriously hurt you, break your arm, or give you a concussion. This should be done if and only if a person is in mortal danger. Better to heal a broken arm than die, right?
Hurray, we saved a forgetful friend! How can I help her further? You should definitely tell an adult about the electric shock and call an ambulance. Even if you are afraid that they will scold you. Even if everything seems to be fine, you should definitely show the victim to a doctor. Electrical current is bad for the heart and may cause serious problems, even if the person feels good at first.
Thematic lesson
"Basics of electrical safety"
(audience: students in grades 1-3).
(Move to the next slide or action by right-clicking)
The duration of the lecture is 30-35 minutes, including the presentation of slides and video materials.
Lesson objectives:
- expand and strengthen children's knowledge about electrical energy and the dangers it poses;
- introduce in detail the role of electricity in everyday life;
- establish rules for safe handling of electrical appliances.
Guys, today we have an unusual lesson. And you will find out the topic by guessing the riddles:
To distant villages, cities
Who's walking the wire?
Light Majesty.
This …
(electricity)
Runs without legs
Burns without fire
No teeth, but bites.
(Electricity)
I run along the paths
I can’t live without a path.
Where am I, guys, no?
The lights in the house won't come on.
(Electricity)
This is the item
Hung to the ceiling
The house became cheerful.
She looks like a pear on the outside
Hangs idle during the day,
And at night it lights up the house.
(Bulb)
That's right, today we will get acquainted with electricity, find out how it gets into our home, and what rules to carefully follow when handling electrical appliances.
Electricity travels a very complex and long path from power plants to our homes, passing through power lines. Electricity is everywhere. Our life is unthinkable without him. TVs, refrigerators, kettles, tape recorders, computers, irons, air conditioners - all this cannot work without electricity.
Guys, what riddles do you know about electrical appliances?
(Pre-prepared children can participate)
In the linen country,
along the sheet river
The ship is sailing,
Back and forth
And behind him there is such a smooth surface,
Not a wrinkle to be seen.(Iron)
He has a rubber trunk,
With a canvas stomach.
How his engine hums,
He swallows both dust and rubbish.(Vacuum cleaner)
Admire, look -
The North Pole is inside!
Snow and ice sparkle there,
Winter itself lives there.(Fridge)
I'm sitting by the window,
I look at it for the whole world.(TV)
If you press the button,
There will be music.(Record player)
Hisses like a steam locomotive
And it seriously gives beauty to hair.(Hairdryer)
Electrical appliances are our helpers; without them it would be difficult for a person.
– What do all these objects have in common?
(They run on electricity)
Guys! You know well what important role Electricity plays a role in the household, everyday life and study. It gives us light, warmth, and sets in motion various mechanisms that facilitate human work. But It is very important to be able to use this power. Sometimes it can be very life-threatening and can cause serious injury or burns.
A person cannot detect electric current: it is odorless, colorless and silent.For electricity to be a friend and helper, you need to remember a few simple rules.
Who knows how to handle electrical appliances? How to behave near power lines and power substations?
At home:
Do not pull the plug from the socket by the wire;
Do not handle the wires of household electrical appliances with wet hands;
Do not use faulty electrical appliances or disassemble them while they are plugged in;
On the street:
You cannot climb onto power line supports or come closer than 10 meters to a downed wire;
You cannot light fires or place flammable objects under wires;
You cannot fish near power lines;
You cannot fly kites and gliders near energy facilities;
Do not throw any objects onto wires and transformers;
You cannot open the doors of transformer substations and electrical panels on staircase landings, or play near power facilities.
You cannot swim in ponds or hide under trees during a thunderstorm. We must go home.
And you also need to remember: if you see that someone has been exposed to electric current, immediately call an adult for help.
Now let's solve the crossword puzzle:
(A crossword puzzle field is pre-drawn on the board)
Question 1 : keyword(longest) – whose blows do you need to protect yourself from?
Children. From electric current. (Word electricity )
teacher b. That's right, well done!
Teacher. And now the L word. What lights up our house?
Children. Bulb,
Teacher . Right.
Teacher. Well, shall we guess further? Which hands should you not touch electrical appliances with?
Children. Wet.
Teacher. That's right, guys! Apparently you listened carefully to the lesson. And now the question follows: what is electric current like if you follow all the rules when handling it?
Children . Good.
Teacher . Well done! You are not tired? Let's try, there are only 3 words left.
teacher b. Well, listen: what should you not stand under during a thunderstorm?
Children . Under the tree.
Teacher . Very good, but what kind of electric current happens if you make him angry?
Children . Wicked.
Teacher . Well, here's the last question: what do all children love, but should not be done during a thunderstorm?
Children. Bathe!
Teacher . Well done!
You guys should always remember that electrical equipment is dangerous to life and health. You must always be careful and careful with electricity. It can be dangerous! You must always remember this and follow the rules for using electrical appliances, and be careful on the street!
Now we will study the signs that warn of the danger of electric current. (slide show with comments).
At the end of the lesson there is a screening of an animated film about electrical safety. (“Cheburashka and the crocodile Gena”). Discussion of the mistakes of your favorite cartoon characters.
The assigned tasks have been completed. Goals achieved.
Preview:
TODAY WE WILL BE INTRODUCED TO ELECTRICITY!
WHAT RIDDLES DO YOU KNOW ABOUT ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES?
Electrical appliances are our helpers; without them it would be difficult for a person. What do all these items have in common?
How should you handle electrical appliances? How to behave near power lines and power substations?
Attention! Electricity is dangerous! AT HOME: Do not pull the plug from the socket by the wire
Do not handle the wires of household electrical appliances with wet hands! Attention! Electricity is dangerous!
DO NOT USE DEFECTIVE ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES OR DISASSEMBLE THEM PLUGED INTO AN OUTLET! Attention! Electricity is dangerous!
On the street: You cannot climb on power line supports or come closer than 10 meters to a downed wire!
Attention! Electricity is dangerous! DO NOT LIGHT FIRE OR PLACE FLAMMABLE OBJECTS UNDER WIRES!
Attention! Electricity is dangerous! You cannot fish near power lines!
Attention! Electricity is dangerous! YOU CAN ' T FLY KITES AND GLIDERS NEAR ENERGY FACILITIES!
Attention! Electricity is dangerous! DO NOT THROW ANY OBJECTS ON THE WIRES AND TRANSFORMERS!
Attention! Electricity is dangerous! DO NOT OPEN THE DOORS OF TRANSFORMER SUBSTATIONS AND ELECTRICAL BOARDS ON STAIRWAYS, OR PLAY NEAR POWER FACILITIES!
Attention! Electricity is dangerous! DURING A THUNDERSTORM, YOU MUST NOT SWIM IN PODS OR HIDE UNDER TREES. WE NEED TO GO HOME!
ATTENTION! If you see someone electrocuted, call an adult for help immediately. Attention! Electricity is dangerous!
Crossword: 1. Whose blows should you protect yourself from?
Attention! Electricity is dangerous! 2. What lights up our home?
Attention! Electricity is dangerous! 3. Which hands should you not touch electrical appliances with?
Attention! Electricity is dangerous! 4. What kind of electric current is there if you follow all the rules when handling it?
Attention! Electricity is dangerous! 5. What should you not stand under during a thunderstorm?
6. What kind of electric current happens if you make him angry?
Attention! Electricity is dangerous! 7. What do all children love, but should not be done during a thunderstorm?
Signs that warn of the danger of current.
Electrical safety lesson in primary school
Target: teach children safe behavior at home
Lesson objectives.
Educational : 1. Open the question: what is electric current
2. Formulate ways to solve the problem of saving electricity.
Educational: 1. To promote the development of students’ creative abilities, the ability to work with scientific information, analyze, compare, and express their point of view.
Educational: 1. Form a positive attitude towards the problem of saving energy costs, a sense of responsibility when operating electrical appliances.
Tasks : Introduce children to electric current and its use in everyday life;
Teach careful handling of electricity to prevent injury;
Introduce electrical safety rules;
Foster a careful attitude towards electricity;
Equipment: rubber balls, pieces of woolen fabric according to the number of children, posters with electrical safety signs.
Problem: Each of us is a consumer of electricity. Can we contribute to solving the problem? Is it possible to reduce energy consumption without reducing comfort? What safety precautions must be observed when operating electrical appliances?
Teacher: Hello guys! Today we have an unusual lesson, and try to guess what we will talk about after listening to the poem.
My grandfather is a big fan of fables.
Tells me about this and that
And so that the meaning is always clear,
I read about everything myself.
Once upon a time it was time
The food was cooked by the fire,
As soon as the sun rises,
Lights out - when darkness comes.
But times have changed
And life of miracles is now full.
We can turn on the computer
And call a distant city,
Catch the movement of the waves,
Treat people in a new way,
Do not heat stoves with wood,
Fireplace surprise with new ones,
And warm and feed,
What you need is bright lighting.
After all, electricity is our friend.
But you have to be smart so that suddenly.
Didn't turn into an enemy.
Didn't take a step to harm.
The moral of this story is:
The head must work.
And you have to do everything wisely
So as not to shed tears later.
Teacher:
So, what are we going to talk about today? Presentation No. 1 (slide No. 1)
(children's answers ) That's right, about electric current. Do you know what it is and where electric current comes from? (children's answers ) and now we will conduct an experiment.
Experiment with a balloon and fabric. When you rub objects on fabric, they receive energy, so they begin to attract lighter objects. By rubbing balls on woolen fabric, we saw that small, small pieces of paper) objects are attracted to the ball.
This happens because the ball has received energy, in other words, it has become electrified.
There is safe electricity, but in the case of balls there is dangerous electricity that travels through wires.
Please give examples of electrical appliances that people use.
(children's answers)
Teacher:
The ability of rubbed bodies to attract light objects was first discovered by ancient Greek weavers. They noticed that individual machine parts made of amber, when rubbed against wool, attracted fluff, dust particles, straws and other light objects. This property was attributed only to amber. from the name of which the word “electricity” comes, which comes from the Greek word for “electron” - amber.
Poem
We are twin sisters
They call us particles.
We come to your aid,
When they give us a charge.
We run along thin and thick wires,
And at the right time we get to you.
Which sisters are we talking about?
What are their names?
And their name is the smallest charged particles. (slide No. 2)
Electricity is a flow of tiny charged particles - electrons. Each electron carries a small charge of energy. When these electrons accumulate in large numbers, electrical voltage occurs.
Do you think electricity gets into our house?
(children's answers)
Correctly by wire. (slide No. 3)
Just as water flows through a hose, electricity enters our home through wires. And it comes to the wires from power plants, and the very first power plants were wind power plants (slide No. 4)
What do you think is the significance of electric current for us?
(children's answers)
Tell me, is there a profession in the world that could do without electric current?
Who invented electricity?
(slide No. 5)
How did the first light bulb appear?
First, in ancient times, an oil lamp appeared - a clay or metal teapot with oil, through the spout of which a wick was passed (slide No. 6)
The lamp smoked for many centuries, then in the mid-19th century kerosene was obtained from oil, and the kerosene lamp appeared (slide No. 7)
At the same time, gas was invented and mastered, and gas burners came to our house (slide No. 8)
Now guess the riddles (riddles about the light bulb)
She looks like a pear on the outside
Whist idle during the day.
And at night it lights up the house.
Brought to the ceiling
Amazing lace.
Screw the bottle on -
The fire has come on!
A pear hangs from the ceiling.
And don’t even think about eating a pear,
Shine like the sun
If you drop it, it will break!
Leading:
The lamp will burn for a day
He'll burn a hundred kilos of coal!
If she shines in vain,
Where are the savings in raw materials?
Who invented the light bulb?
(slide No. 9 photo by Thomas Edison)
Guys, what do you think, is it possible to save electricity?
(children's answers)
But as?
(children's answers)
(slide No. 10 “Rules of thrifty and thrifty guys)
(slide No. 11)
(slide No. 12)
(slide No. 13)
(slide No. 14)
(slide No. 15)
(slide No. 16)
(slide No. 17)
(slide No. 18)
(slide No. 19)
TOK comes in
Hello, friends! I'll tell you a riddle. and you can guess who I am.
I'm running along the path
I can’t live without a path
Where am I guys not?
The lights won't come on in the house! (children's answers)
CURRENT: That's right, my name is electric current. What do you know about me (children’s answers)
TOK: That's right guys. Now I will ask riddles, and you will guess them. For each correct answer, I will give you a token; the one who collects the most tokens will be awarded the title of chief electrician.
*Beware of dust and debris
I'll deal with you quickly!
And don't hide in the corners,
I’ll still find you there! (slide No. 20) (vacuum cleaner)
*This device is perfect
Heats water instantly.
All you have to do is turn it on
Soon we can drink tea! (slide No. 21) (teapot)
*The whole universe lives in it
And the thing is extraordinary (slide No. 22) (TV)
*I'll turn the magic circle
And my friend will hear me! (slide No. 23) (phone)
*In the summer, our dad brought
There's frost in the white box
And now the frost is gray
Homes in summer and winter.
Protects food
Meat, fish, fruit (slide No. 24) (refrigerator)
*to distant villages and towns
Who's going through the cities?
Light Majesty-
This……. (-ELECTRICITY)
CURRENT:
Well done guys! Let's count the tokens earned (awarding the winner with a ribbon)
TOK: now let's play a game. I will name the object, and if it is electric, you sit, and if it is not electric, you get up (TV, plate, light bulb, tree, airplane, chair, refrigerator, fork, iron, etc.)
TOK: Well done guys! I am sure that you have learned what electric current is, I can calmly leave you and go to other guys! Goodbye!
Presenter: Electricity helps us a lot. but he demands respect for himself: he wants to be treated as he should be. (presentation No. 2 “Electrical safety rules”)
Leading:
Guys. Don't upset your parents with your rash actions! Warn your comrades against dangerous pranks near electrical objects! This will save his life!