GOST 13109 97 standards for the quality of electrical energy in general purpose power supply systems

Energy saving

For more than forty years, the only regulatory document in the country establishing in Russia a nomenclature of quality indicators electrical energy(CE) and CE standards, as well as the fundamental requirements for control, methods and means of measuring CE indicators, is the GOST 13109 standard “Electric energy. Electromagnetic compatibility of technical equipment. Standards for the quality of electrical energy in general-purpose power supply systems" (sequentially in the editions of 1967, 1987 and 1997).
From 2013, a new standard will come into force - GOST R 54149-2010. More details about its main provisions and differences from the current document can be found in the material of one of the developers of the standard, Vladimir Vasilyevich Nikiforov.

NEW STANDARD FOR ELECTRICAL ENERGY QUALITY
Main provisions and differences from GOST 13109-97

Vladimir Nikiforov, Deputy General Director, Scientific Director of LINVIT LLC, Moscow

The importance of GOST 13109 for organizing work to ensure CE is indisputable, especially in the last decade, when new means of measuring CE indicators (PKE) appeared, based on the requirements of GOST 13109-97 and detailed methods for measuring and processing measurement results in RD 153-34.0-15.501- 00 " Guidelines on control and analysis of the quality of electrical energy in general-purpose power supply systems. Part 1. Quality control of electrical energy." To a large extent, this was facilitated by the introduction of mandatory certification of electricity, which led to a sharp increase in demand for CE measuring instruments and methods for organizing control and management of CE.

However, in the 2000s, structural changes took place in the electric power industry, and a transition to market relations was made. A number of legislative and regulatory acts have been adopted, including the Federal Law “On the Electric Power Industry” dated March 26, 2003 No. 35-FZ, the Federal Law dated March 26, 2003 No. 36 FZ “On the Features of the Functioning of the Electric Power Industry in the Transition Period”, Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 12/27/2004 No. 861 and 08/31/2006 No. 530, which established the need to provide energy efficiency to electricity industry entities within the framework of their responsibility.

Besides, in last years The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) has published new standards establishing provisions related to the nomenclature of CE indicators, methods and means of measuring CE: IEC 61000-4-30: 2008, IEC 61000-4-7: 2002 with Amendment 1: 2008. In this regard, GOST R 51317.4.30-2008 and 51317.4.7-2008, harmonized with international standards, were put into effect in the Russian Federation. Thus, for the first time, we have special standards for measurement methods and requirements for FE measuring instruments, which, however, differ significantly from GOST 13109-97. In September 2010, a European standard was approved establishing CE standards applied in EU countries - EN 50160: 2010.

Finally, large-scale electrical energy tests carried out over the past five years in distribution networks in various regions as part of periodic CE monitoring and certification tests have revealed some shortcomings of GOST 13109-97 that require correction. These, in particular, include failure to take into account the differences between the requirements for power supply in local isolated general-purpose power supply systems and the requirements for power supply in general-purpose power supply systems connected to the Unified Energy System of Russia, the responsibility of consumers for providing power supply, and the complexity of providing regulatory requirements to voltage deviations at the terminals of the final electrical receivers.
These facts and circumstances determined the need for a radical revision of GOST 13109-97, in fact, the development of a new standard for FE.

Purpose of development

The purpose of developing the standard was to introduce in the Russian Federation a new regulatory document on the requirements for energy efficiency, meeting market relations in the electric power industry and the country's economy, taking into account the recommendations and provisions of international standards and new national standards on methods and means of measuring and assessing energy efficiency indicators, as well as bringing the structure closer together and the provisions of this standard with the European standard EN 50160: 2010.

New standard according to CE GOST R 54149-2010 “Electric energy. Electromagnetic compatibility of technical equipment. Standards for the quality of electrical energy in general-purpose power supply systems" was developed by LINVIT LLC and the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 30 "Electromagnetic Compatibility of Technical Equipment" within the framework of the National Standardization Program approved in 2009 by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology, which provides for the revision of GOST 13109 -97.

By order of Rosstandart, the entry into force of GOST R 54149-2010 is determined from 01/01/2013 with the simultaneous termination of GOST 13109-97.

The developers of GOST R 54149-2010 set themselves the task of maintaining continuity with GOST 13109, taking into account a number of basic regulatory provisions of EN 50160: 2010.

Structure of the new GOST

The main differences between GOST R 54149-2010 and the current GOST 13109-97 relate to:

• scope of the standard;
• its structure and content;
• terms and their definitions;
• definitions and standardization of PKE;
• responsibility for CE of network organizations and consumers;
• taking into account the requirements for CE in isolated power supply systems;
• requirements for control and measurement of PCE.

The structure and content of GOST R 54149-2010 are determined by the following sections:

• Application area.
• Normative references.
• Terms and Definitions.
• Indicators and standards for the quality of electrical energy.
• Help Applications(statistical data).

Sections on methods for calculating and measuring CE indicators, on requirements for relevant measuring instruments, and methods for monitoring CE in power supply systems contained in GOST 13109-97 are not included in this standard. They are contained in the above-mentioned special national standards GOST R 51317.4.30-2008 and GOST R 51317.4.7-2008.

Thus, the structure of GOST R 54149-2010 is brought into line with generally accepted international practice: requirements for CE - in some standards, measurement methods and requirements for measuring instruments that meet these methods - in others. In this sense, the new standard is similar in structure to EN 50160: 2010.

Scope of application of GOST R 54149-2010: this standard establishes indicators and standards of CE at points of electricity transmission to users of low, medium and high voltage networks of general purpose power supply systems of alternating three-phase and single-phase current with a frequency of 50 Hz.

This requirement significantly distinguishes the new standard from GOST 13109-97, in which CE standards are related to points of general connection (with the exception of steady-state voltage deviation), and is more consistent with the conditions of a market economy. It is at the transmission points that electricity is circulated in accordance with the contract for the supply or services for the transmission of electricity of established quality, for which the grid organization is responsible. The provisions of the standard are consistent with the Federal Law “On Electric Power Industry” and Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 27, 2004 No. 861. The same points include the CE standards established in the European standard EN 50160: 2010.

The standards for steady-state voltage deviation in GOST 13109-97 refer to the terminals of electrical receivers, which are usually connected to consumer networks, which are not covered by the responsibility of the network company. GOST R 54149-2010 obliges the consumer, on his side, to ensure conditions under which deviations in the supply voltage at the terminals of electrical receivers do not exceed the permissible values ​​​​established for them, if the requirements of this standard for CE at the point of transmission of electrical energy are met. That is, consumers are also responsible for ensuring the required CE. This is consistent with the requirements that electricity suppliers are responsible for ensuring the EC supplied to consumers, and that manufacturers of electrical installations and electrical equipment and consumers purchasing it are responsible for ensuring that said equipment and installations, when put into operation, do not create unacceptable conducted electromagnetic interference in power networks.

CE standards in GOST R 54149-2010 are established both for electrical networks of general-purpose power supply systems connected to the Unified Energy System of Russia, and for isolated general-purpose power supply systems. The requirements of GOST 13109-97 do not establish differences in standards for CE indicators in the specified power supply systems, which led, for example, to the impossibility of ensuring established standards for frequency deviations in electrical networks powered from autonomous sources alternating current(for example, diesel generators), for which these standards turn out to be unreasonably stringent.

Unlike GOST 13109-97, the CE standards established in the new standard are not considered as electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) levels for conducted electromagnetic interference in general-purpose power supply systems. Requirements for EMC levels of technical equipment are the subject of separate regulatory documents.

Terms and Definitions

The section “Terms and Definitions” includes some new terms and clarifies the old ones, taking into account the relations of participants in the electricity market. In particular:

Grid organization is an organization that owns, by right of ownership or on another basis established by federal laws, electric grid facilities, using which it provides services for the transmission of electrical energy and carries out, in the prescribed manner, the technological connection of power receiving devices (power installations) of legal entities and individuals to networks, as well as exercising the right to conclude contracts for the provision of services for the transmission of electricity using electric grid facilities owned by other owners and other legal owners;

electric network user– the party that receives electrical energy from the electrical network or transmits electrical energy to the electrical network. Users of electrical networks include network organizations and other owners of electrical networks, consumers of electrical energy, as well as generating organizations;

consumer of electrical energy– a legal entity or individual who uses electrical energy (power) on the basis of a concluded agreement;

electrical energy transfer point– a point in the electrical network located on the dividing line of electrical power facilities between owners on the basis of ownership or possession on another basis provided for by federal laws, determined in the process of technological connection;

matched supply voltage U With – voltage different from standard rated voltage networks in accordance with GOST 29322, agreed upon for a specific user of the electrical network at technological connection as the power supply voltage;

quality of electrical energy– degree of compliance of the characteristics of electrical energy at a given point electrical system a set of standardized CE indicators;

labeled data– a term used to designate the results of measurements of CE indicators and the results of their averaging over time intervals within which interruptions, voltage dips or overvoltages occurred. When assessing the compliance of electrical energy with the CE standards established in this standard, the marked data is not taken into account.

Electricity characteristics

Changes in electrical energy characteristics related to frequency, values, voltage shape and voltage symmetry in three-phase power supply systems are divided into two categories in the standard:

• long-term changes in voltage characteristics;
• random events.

Long-term changes in power supply voltage characteristics represent long-term deviations of voltage characteristics from nominal values ​​and are mainly caused by load changes or the influence of non-linear loads. These include: frequency deviation, slow voltage changes, voltage fluctuations and flicker, voltage non-sinusoidality, voltage unbalance in three-phase systems, voltage of signals transmitted over networks. With regard to long-term changes in the characteristics of the power supply voltage, this standard establishes CE indicators and standards.

Random events are sudden and significant changes in the voltage waveform, leading to a deviation of its parameters from the nominal ones. They are usually caused by unpredictable events, which include voltage interruptions and sags, overvoltages, and surge voltages.

CE indicators

The definitions of a number of CE indicators in this standard differ from those used in GOST 13109-97.

Thus, CE indicators related to voltage deviations are defined as the values ​​of the negative and positive deviation of the power supply voltage from the nominal/agreed-on effective voltage value, including harmonics, interharmonics, information signals in electrical networks, etc., which corresponds to international standards and accordingly GOST R 51317.4.30-2008:

δ U (–) = [(U 0 – U m(–)) / U 0 ] · 100;
δ U (+) = [(U m(+) – U 0) / U 0 ] 100,

Where U m(–) , U m(+) – power supply voltage values, less than U 0 and larger U 0 respectively, averaged over a time interval of 10 minutes in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 51317.4.30, subsection 5.12;
U 0 – voltage equal to standard rated voltage U nom or matched voltage U With.

For the above CE indicators, the following standards are established: positive and negative voltage deviations at the point of electricity transmission should not exceed 10% of the nominal or agreed voltage value for 100% of the time of the one week interval.

In GOST 13109-97, the steady-state voltage deviation is calculated taking into account only the 1st voltage harmonic U (1) :

δ U= (U (1) – U nom) / U nom

and is characterized by normally permissible and maximum permissible values ​​at the terminals of electrical receivers equal to ±5 and ±10%, respectively.

The standards (numerical values) for permissible frequency deviations in synchronized power supply systems are the same as in GOST 13109-97: ±0.2 Hz for 95% of the time of an interval of one week and ±0.4 Hz for 100% of the time of the interval in one week.

The limits for permissible frequency deviations in isolated power supply systems with stand-alone generator sets not connected to synchronized electrical power transmission systems are less stringent: ±1 Hz for 95% of the time of a one-week interval and ±5 Hz for 100% of the time of a one-week interval week.

FE indicators related to the harmonic components of voltage are:

• values ​​of the coefficients of harmonic voltage components up to the 40th order TO U(n) as a percentage of the fundamental harmonic component voltage U 1 at the power transmission point;
• the value of the total coefficient of harmonic components of the voltage (the ratio of the root mean square value of the sum of all harmonic components up to the 40th order to the root mean square value of the fundamental component) K U,% at the point of electricity transmission.

The norms (numerical values) of FE indicators related to non-sinusoidality and voltage asymmetry in this standard are kept unchanged as in GOST 13109-97, but CE indicators related to voltage non-sinusoidality are measured and assessed taking into account the influence of not only higher harmonics, but also groups of closely spaced combinational (interharmonic) components in accordance with GOST R 51317.4.7-2008, subsections 3.2, 3.3.

Taking into account the requirements of GOST R 51317.4.30-2008 for classes and measuring instruments of CE indicators, this standard establishes standards for CE indicators in the form of values ​​measured over a single time interval of class A measurements, equal to 10 periods of network voltage 50 Hz (0.2 s) s averaging at each time interval of 10 minutes over a week.

According to the requirements of GOST 13109-97, FE indicators must be measured over the main time interval from 0.1 to 0.5 s with averaging over a time interval of 3 s or 1 min (for voltage deviations) during every 24 hours of the weekly cycle.

Thus, the estimated time interval for measuring CE indicators to assess their compliance with the requirements of the new standard is 1 week, and not 24 hours, as required by GOST 13109-97.

RUSSIAN AND EUROPEAN STANDARDS

The main differences between GOST R 54149-2010 and the European standard EN 50160: 2010 are the requirements for a number of PKE: EN 50160 does not have maximum permissible values ​​for some of the KE indicators; an important indicator for our networks is the zero-sequence voltage asymmetry coefficient; less stringent requirements have been introduced. in comparison with GOST R 54149-2010, requirements for frequency and voltage deviations are unreasonable for Russian networks, incomplete data for CE indicators in high-voltage networks, etc.

The requirements of the European standard are designed for use in electrical networks of countries that have different requirements for the design of electrical networks and a different level of condition of these networks compared to the Russian one.

When revising GOST 13109-87 and developing the edition of GOST 13109-1997, CE indicators and standards were analyzed and discussed in detail and were reasonably accepted. In the period since the entry into force of GOST 13109-1997 (1999), the technical state of our networks does not yet provide grounds for revising CE standards in the direction of their mitigation and harmonization with European ones.

As for the structure and content of the standard, general approaches to CE standardization and requirements for methods for measuring CE indicators, the provisions of the new domestic and European standards are quite close.

Approved GOST R 54149-2010 is included in the national standardization program Russian Federation for its re-registration into the interstate standard of the EurAsEC organization.

LITERATURE

1. IEC 61000-4-30: 2008 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-30: Testing and measurement techniques – Power quality measurement methods.
2. IEC 61000-4-7: 2002 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-7: Testing and measurement techniques – General guide on harmonics and interharmonics measurement and instrumentation, for power supply systems and equipment connected thereto.
3. GOST R 51317.4.30–2008 (IEC 61000-4-30:2008). Electromagnetic compatibility of technical equipment. Methods for measuring electrical energy quality indicators.
4. GOST R 51317.4.7–2008 (IEC 61000-4-30:2008). Electromagnetic compatibility of technical equipment. General guidance on measuring instruments and measurements of harmonics and interharmonics for power supply systems and technical equipment connected to them.
5. EN 50160:2010 Voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public electricity networks.
6. GOST 29322-92. Standard voltages.

General provisions

GOST establishes 11 main indicators of power quality (PQE):

1) frequency deviation;

2) steady voltage deviation;

3) the magnitude of the voltage change;

4) dose of flicker (flicker or fluctuation);

5) distortion factor of the sinusoidal voltage curve;

b) coefficient of the nth harmonic component of voltage

7) negative sequence voltage asymmetry coefficient;

8) zero-sequence voltage asymmetry coefficient;

9) duration of voltage dip;

10) pulse voltage

11) temporary overvoltage factor. In table 2.24. The properties of electrical energy, their characterizing indicators and the most likely culprits for the deterioration of CE are given.

Table 2.24. Properties of electrical energy, indicators and most

probable culprits for deterioration of CE

Properties of electrical energy	CE indicator	Most Likely Culprits deterioration of CE
Voltage deviation	Steady Deviation voltage	Energy supply organization
Voltage fluctuations	Voltage range Flicker dose	Consumer with variable load
Non-sinusoidal voltage	Voltage curve sinusoidal distortion coefficient Coefficient nth harmonic voltage component	Consumer with nonlinear load
Unbalance of three-phase voltage system	Negative sequence voltage asymmetry coefficient, Zero sequence voltage asymmetry coefficient	Consumer with asymmetrical load
Frequency deviation	Frequency deviation	Energy supply organization
Voltage dip	Voltage dip duration	Energy supply organization
Voltage pulse	Pulse voltage	Energy supply organization
Temporary overvoltage	Temporary overvoltage factor	Energy supply organization

Normally permissible and maximum permissible values ​​at the point of common connection to electrical networks with different rated voltages are given in table. 2.25.

Table 2.25 . GOST requirements for limiting the sinusoidal distortion coefficient (KU)

Normally permissible values ​​of the coefficient of the nth harmonic component of voltage are given in table. 2.26.

In table 2.27. summary data on PKE standards is provided.

Table 2. 26 Normally acceptable coefficient valuesnth harmonic voltage component

Harmonic number of non-multiple 3, odd at, kV

Harmonic number multiple of 3*, odd at, kV

Even harmonic number at, kV

Harmonic no.

Harmonic no.

Harmonic no.

*Normally permissible values ​​given for n equal to 3 and 9 refer to single-phase electrical networks. In three-phase three-wire electrical networks, these values ​​are taken to be half those given in the table.

Table 2. 27 Electrical energy quality standards

FE indicator, units. measurements
	normally acceptable	maximum permissible
Steady-state voltage deviation, % Voltage change range, % Flicker dose, rel. units: short-term long-term Voltage curve sinusoidal distortion coefficient, % Coefficient nth harmonic component of voltage, % Negative sequence voltage asymmetry coefficient, % Zero sequence voltage asymmetry factor, % Frequency deviation, Hz Voltage dip duration, s Pulse voltage, kV Temporary overvoltage factor, rel. units	According to table 2. 25 According to table 2. 26	According to table 2. 25 According to table 2. 26

INTERSTATE STANDARD

ELECTRIC ENERGY. COMPATIBILITY OF TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT ELECTROMAGNETIC

QUALITY STANDARDS FOR ELECTRICAL ENERGY IN GENERAL PURPOSE POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS

INTERSTATE COUNCIL

ON STANDARDIZATION, METROLOGY AND CERTIFICATION

Preface

1 DEVELOPED by the Technical Committee for Standardization in the Field of Electromagnetic Compatibility of Technical Equipment (TK 30 EMC)

INTRODUCED by Gosstandart of Russia

2 ADOPTED by the Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification (Protocol No. 12-97 of November 21, 1997)

3 The standard complies with international standards IEC 868, IEC 1000-3-2, IEC 1000-3-3, IEC 1000-4-1 and publications IEC 1000-2-1, IEC 1000-2-2 regarding levels of electromagnetic compatibility in systems power supply and electromagnetic interference measurement methods

4 Decree State Committee Russian Federation on standardization, metrology and certification dated August 28, 1998 No. 338, interstate standard GOST 13109 was put into effect directly as a state standard of the Russian Federation from 01/01/1999.

5 INSTEAD GOST 13109-87

IPC Standards Publishing House, 1998

This standard cannot be fully or partially reproduced, replicated and distributed as an official publication on the territory of the Russian Federation without the permission of the State Standard of Russia

INTERSTATE STANDARD

Date of introduction 1999-01-01

1 AREA OF USE

The standard establishes indicators and standards for the quality of electrical energy (QE) in electrical networks of general purpose power supply systems with alternating three-phase and single-phase current with a frequency of 50 Hz at points to which electrical networks owned by various consumers of electrical energy or receivers of electrical energy are connected (points of general accession).

The EC limits established by this standard are electromagnetic compatibility levels for conducted electromagnetic interference in general purpose power supply systems. Subject to compliance with these standards, electromagnetic compatibility of electrical networks of general-purpose power supply systems and electrical networks of electrical energy consumers (electrical energy receivers) is ensured.

The standards established by this standard are mandatory in all operating modes of general purpose power supply systems, except for modes conditioned by:

Exceptional weather conditions and natural disasters (hurricane, flood, earthquake, etc.);

Unforeseen situations caused by the actions of a party that is not an energy supply organization and a consumer of electricity (fire, explosion, military action, etc.);

Conditions regulated by government authorities, as well as those related to the elimination of consequences caused by exceptional weather conditions and unforeseen circumstances.

The standards established by this standard are subject to inclusion in the technical specifications for connecting consumers of electrical energy and in contracts for the use of electrical energy between electricity supply organizations and consumers of electrical energy.

At the same time, to ensure standard norms at points of common connection, it is allowed to install technical conditions for the connection of consumers who are responsible for the deterioration of the energy efficiency, and in contracts for the use of electrical energy with such consumers, there are more stringent standards (with smaller ranges of change in the corresponding indicators of energy efficiency) than those established in this standard.

By agreement between the energy supply organization and consumers, it is allowed to establish in the specified technical conditions and contracts requirements for CE indicators, for which standards are not established in this standard.

The standards established by this standard are used in the design and operation of electrical networks, as well as in establishing the levels of noise immunity of electrical energy receivers and the levels of conducted electromagnetic interference introduced by these receivers.

CE standards in electrical networks owned by consumers of electrical energy, regulated by industry standards and other regulatory documents, should not be lower than CE standards established by this standard at points of general connection. In the absence of the specified industry standards and other regulatory documents, the norms of this standard are mandatory for electrical networks of electrical energy consumers.

GOST 721-77 Power supply systems, networks, sources, converters and receivers of electrical energy. Rated voltages over 1000 V

GOST 19431-84 Energy and electrification. Terms and Definitions

Power supply systems, networks, sources, converters and receivers of electrical energy. Rated voltages up to 1000 V

GOST 30372-95 Electromagnetic compatibility of technical equipment. Terms and Definitions

3 DEFINITIONS, SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

3.1 This standard uses the terms given in GOST 19431, GOST 30372, as well as the following:

General purpose power supply system - a set of electrical installations and electrical devices of an energy supply organization designed to provide electrical energy to various consumers (receivers of electrical energy);

General purpose electrical network - an electrical network of an energy supply organization designed to transmit electrical energy to various consumers (receivers of electrical energy);

Power center - a generator voltage switchgear of a power plant or a secondary voltage switchgear of a step-down substation of a power system, to which the distribution networks of a given area are connected;

Point of general connection - a point of a general-purpose electrical network that is electrically closest to the networks of the electrical energy consumer in question (input devices of the electrical energy receiver in question), to which the electrical networks of other consumers (input devices of other receivers) are connected or can be connected;

Electric energy consumer - a legal or natural person who uses electric energy (power);

Conducted electromagnetic interference in the power supply system is electromagnetic interference propagating through the elements of the electrical network;

The level of electromagnetic compatibility in the power supply system is a regulated level of conducted electromagnetic interference, used as a reference for coordination between the permissible level of interference introduced by the technical means of the energy supply organization and consumers of electrical energy, and the level of interference perceived by the technical means without disrupting their normal functioning;

The envelope of the rms voltage values ​​is a step time function formed by the rms voltage values, discretely determined at each half-cycle of the fundamental frequency voltage;

Flicker is a person’s subjective perception of fluctuations in the luminous flux of artificial lighting sources caused by voltage fluctuations in the electrical network supplying these sources;

Flicker dose is a measure of a person’s susceptibility to the effects of flicker over a specified period of time;

Flicker perception time is the minimum time for a person’s subjective perception of flicker caused by voltage fluctuations of a certain shape;

Repetition frequency of voltage changes - the number of single voltage changes per unit time;

The duration of the voltage change is the time interval from the beginning of a single voltage change to its final value;

Voltage dip - a sudden drop in voltage at a point in the electrical network below 0.9 Un, which is followed by a restoration of the voltage to the original or close to it level after a period of time from ten milliseconds to several tens of seconds;

Voltage dip duration - the time interval between the initial moment of voltage dip and the moment the voltage is restored to the original or close to it level;

The frequency of voltage dips is the number of voltage dips of a certain depth and duration over a certain period of time in relation to the total number of dips over the same period of time;

Voltage pulse - a sharp change in voltage at a point in the electrical network, followed by a restoration of the voltage to the original or close to it level over a period of time of up to several milliseconds;

Pulse amplitude - the maximum instantaneous value of the voltage pulse;

Pulse duration - the time interval between the initial moment of the voltage pulse and the moment of restoration of the instantaneous voltage value to the original or close to it level;

Temporary overvoltage - an increase in voltage at a point in the electrical network above 1.1 Unom for a duration of more than 10 ms, occurring in power supply systems during switching or short circuits;

Temporary overvoltage coefficient - a value equal to the ratio of the maximum value of the envelope of the amplitude voltage values ​​during the existence of a temporary overvoltage to the amplitude of the nominal network voltage;

The duration of a temporary overvoltage is the time interval between the initial moment of occurrence of a temporary overvoltage and the moment of its disappearance.

3.2 The following symbols are used in this standard:

Uy - steady voltage deviation;

Ut - voltage change range;

Pt - flicker dose;

PSt - short-term flicker dose;

PLt - long-term flicker dose;

KU - distortion coefficient of the sinusoidal curve of the phase-to-phase (phase) voltage;

КU(n) - coefficient of the nth harmonic component of voltage;

K2U - negative sequence voltage asymmetry coefficient;

К0U - zero-sequence voltage asymmetry coefficient;

F - frequency deviation;

Tp - duration of voltage dip;

Uimp - pulse voltage;

KperU - temporary overvoltage coefficient;

U(1)t - effective value of the interphase (phase) voltage of the fundamental frequency in the i-th observation;

UAB(1)i, UBC(1)i, UCA(1)i - effective values ​​of phase-to-phase voltages of the fundamental frequency in the i-th observation;

U1 (1)i - effective value of the phase-to-phase positive sequence voltage of the fundamental frequency in the i-th observation;

Uy - average voltage value;

N is the number of observations;

Unom - rated phase-to-phase (phase) voltage;

Unom. f - rated phase voltage;

Unom. mf - nominal phase-to-phase voltage;

Urms - root mean square voltage value determined at the half-cycle of the fundamental frequency voltage;

Ui, Ui+1 - values ​​of extrema following one after another or extremum and horizontal section of the envelope of the root-mean-square voltage values ​​of the fundamental frequency;

Uai, Ua i+1 - values ​​of extrema following one after another or extremum and horizontal section of the envelope of amplitude voltage values ​​at each half-cycle of the fundamental frequency;

T - measurement time interval;

m is the number of voltage changes during time T;

F?? Ut - repetition rate of voltage changes;

ti, ti+1 - initial moments of voltage changes following one after another;

Ti, i+1 - interval between adjacent voltage changes;

ps - smoothed flicker level;

P1s, P3s, P10s, P50s - smoothed flicker levels with an integral probability of 1.0; 3.0; 10.0; 50.0% respectively;

Tsh is the time interval for measuring a short-term flicker dose;

TL - time interval for measuring long-term flicker dose;

n is the number of the harmonic component of voltage;

РStk is a short-term flicker dose at the k-th time interval Tsh during a long observation period TL;

U(n)i - effective value of the n-th harmonic component of the phase-to-phase (phase) voltage in the i-th observation;

KUi is the distortion coefficient of the sinusoidality of the interphase (phase) voltage curve in the i-th observation;

page 1

page 2

page 3

page 4

page 5

page 6

page 7

page 8

page 9

page 10

page 11

page 12

page 13

page 14

page 15

page 16

page 17

page 18

page 19

page 20

page 21

page 22

page 23

ELECTRIC ENERGY

REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTRICAL ENERGY QUALITY IN GENERAL PURPOSE ELECTRICAL NETWORKS

Price 5 kopecks.

Official publication

USSR STATE COMMITTEE ON STANDARDS Moscow

UDC 621.311:621.332: 006.354 Group E02

STATE STANDARD OF THE USSR UNION

ELECTRIC ENERGY

Requirements for the quality of electrical energy in general purpose electrical networks GOST

Electrical energy. Requirements for quality of 13109_87

electrical energy in general-purpose electrical networks

Date of introduction 01/01/89 Failure to comply with the standard is punishable by law

The standard establishes requirements for the quality of electrical energy in general-purpose electrical networks of alternating three-phase and single-phase current with a frequency of 50 Hz at the points to which receivers or consumers of electrical energy are connected.

The standard does not establish requirements for the quality of electrical energy in electrical networks: special purpose (for example, contact traction, communications); mobile installations (eg trains, aircraft, ships); autonomous systems electricity supply; temporary appointment; connected to mobile power sources.

The terms used in the standard and their explanations are given in Appendix 1.

1. NOMENCLATURE OF ELECTRIC ENERGY QUALITY INDICATORS

1.1. Electric energy quality indicators (EPQ) are divided into two groups: main PQI and additional PQI.

Official publication

The main PKE determine the properties of electrical energy that characterize its quality. Additional PKE are forms of recording the main PKE used in other regulatory and technical documents.

Reproduction is prohibited © Standards Publishing House, 1988

Note. The voltage change ranges normalized by this standard include single voltage changes of any form with a repetition rate of more than two times per minute (1/60 Hz) and swings with a repetition frequency from two times per minute to one per hour, with an average voltage change rate of more than 0.1%/s for incandescent lamps and 0.2%/s for other electrical consumers.

1.3. The dose of voltage fluctuations (f) in percent squared is calculated using the formula

where gf is the coefficient for reducing the actual ranges of voltage changes to equivalent ones, determined in accordance with table. 2;

@ - averaging time interval equal to 10 minutes;

S(f,t)-frequency spectrum of the voltage change process at time t.

For periodic or close to periodic voltage changes, it is possible to calculate the dose of voltage fluctuations (φ) using the formula

Г VgfhUj* dt, (6)

0 f±0

where 6Uf are the effective values ​​of the components of the Fourier series expansion of voltage changes with a swing of 6U t, in accordance with clause 1.2 of Appendix 2).

Table 3

Frequency of voltage changes, Coefficient Frequency of voltage changes, Coefficient

1.4. The coefficient of non-sinusoidality of the voltage curve (Kaeu) in percentage is calculated using the formula

*HCt/=100 V 21 ^(2 R)/^nom, (7)

where U(n) is the effective value of the lth harmonic component of voltage, V, kV;

n-order of the harmonic component of voltage;

N is the order of the last of the harmonic voltage components taken into account.

1) do not take into account harmonic components of the order of n>40 and (or) whose values ​​are less than 0.3%;

2) calculate this PKE using the formula

* Н с.с/=1°0 У £ ’Uf a) IU ( (8)

g P=2

where (7(1) is the effective value of the fundamental frequency voltage V, kV.

Note. The relative error in determining Kasi using formula (8) compared to formula (7) is numerically equal to the voltage deviation 1/(1) FROM Unom.

1.5. Coefficient lth harmonic component of voltage Kiy) in* percent is calculated by the formula

where U(n) is the current nth value harmonic component of voltage V, kV.

It is allowed to calculate this PKE using the formula

/C i(i g=100

where U(i) is the effective value of the fundamental frequency voltage V, kV.

Note. The relative error of determination using formula (10) compared to formula (9) is numerically equal to the voltage deviation

0(\) FROM Unom*

1.6. The negative sequence voltage coefficient (K 2 u) in percent is calculated using the formula

^2(1)/^nom" 00

where U 2 (d is the effective value of the negative sequence voltage of the fundamental frequency of the three-phase voltage system, V, kV;

Ubovl - rated value of phase-to-phase voltage, V, kV.

The effective value of the negative sequence voltage of the fundamental frequency (£/ 2 n>) is calculated by the formula

SVP) ^AC(1)

where C/vap), Vvsp ^assh are the effective values ​​of phase-to-phase voltages of the fundamental frequency. V, kV.

When determining this PQ it is allowed:

1) calculate U2(о using the approximate formula

^2(1)”®"® [^NB (1)1* O 3)

where £/ nb w, Un mp) are the largest and smallest effective values ​​of the three phase-to-phase voltages of the fundamental frequency, V, kV.

Note. The relative error in determining Kj using formula (13) instead of formula (12) does not exceed ±8%;

2) use when calculating U20) instead of the effective values ​​of phase-to-phase voltages of the fundamental frequency, the effective values ​​of phase-to-phase voltages determined taking into account all harmonic components, if the non-sinusoidal coefficient of the voltage curve (in accordance with the requirements of clause 1.4 of Appendix 2) does not exceed 5%;

Kgs;-SO ^2(1)/^1(1) O 4)

where Uko is the effective value of the positive sequence voltage of the fundamental frequency. V, kV.

Note. The relative error in determining Kiu using formula (14) compared to formula (11) is numerically equal to the deviation of voltage Uni) from and in ohms.

1.7. The zero sequence voltage coefficient Ko and a three-phase four-wire system in percent is calculated using the formula

K oi =100 and Shch1) /and a0M "f, (15)

where £/o(n-rms value of the zero sequence of the fundamental frequency B, kV;

Ud, ohm-f - rated value of phase voltage V, kV.

where Uyour, ^sv(1), ^Asp) are the effective values ​​of phase-to-phase voltages of the fundamental frequency, V, kV;

C/a(i>, C/b(i>) are the effective values ​​of phase voltages of the fundamental frequency, V, kV.

When determining this PQ it is allowed:

1) calculate (Jon) using an approximate formula

£/0(^=0.62 [^nv.f(1) ^nm.f(1)1* O 7)

where £/ nb. f(1) (^nm.f(1)” greatest and smallest effective values

of three phase voltages of fundamental frequency, V, kV.

and A u^aMUcs-U,)! V 3

Uв np=£VH^c-^i)/ VI «с Шг^с+^ва-)/V 3

If there is a negative sequence voltage in the phase-to-phase voltages, the values ​​of C/NB# f(1) and Tssh.fsh are determined as the largest and smallest values ​​of the given phase voltages (with the negative sequence voltage excluded). The given phase voltages are determined by the formula

Note. The relative error in determining Koi using formula (17) instead of formula (16) does not exceed ±10%;

2) use instead of the effective values ​​of phase-to-phase and phase-to-phase voltages of the fundamental frequency the effective values ​​of voltages determined taking into account all harmonic components, if the coefficient of non-sinusoidality of the voltage curves does not exceed 5%;

3) calculate this PKE using the formula

100 V 3 SG 0 (1)1(/C)), (19)

where L/id) is the effective value of the positive sequence voltage of the fundamental frequency. V, kV.

Note. The relative error in determining Koi using formula (19) compared to formula (15) is numerically equal to the value of the deviation of voltage £/cp from U nom.

1.8. Frequency deviation (Δf) in hertz is calculated using the formula

A /==/-/nom"

where / is the frequency value, Hz;

/nom - nominal frequency value, Hz.

1.9. The duration of the voltage dip (A/p) in seconds (Fig. 3) is calculated using the formula

where /n, /k are the initial and final moments of the voltage dip, s.

1.10. Pulse voltage in relative units (fit/*imi) in accordance with the drawing. 4 is calculated by the formula

a£L»imp = Dimp ~. (22)

where Uimp is the value impulse voltage. V, kV.

2. Additional PKE

2.1. The amplitude modulation coefficient (/(mod) in percent in accordance with Fig. 5 is calculated using the formula

^НБ.а~^НМ.а

where Unv.a, t/nm.a are the largest and smallest amplitudes of the modulated voltage. V, kV.

With periodic voltage modulation, the relationship between the peak-to-peak voltage change (fit/*) and the amplitude modulation coefficient is determined by the formula

bU t =2 /(mod- (24)

2.2. The unbalance coefficient of phase-to-phase voltages (/(sky) in percent is calculated using the formula

where U H b* U nm is the largest and smallest effective value of the three phase-to-phase voltages. V, kV.

When the voltage non-sinusoidal coefficient Kis and (determined in accordance with the requirements of clause 1.4 of Appendix 2), not exceeding 5%, the ratio between the negative sequence coefficient (Ki) and the unbalance coefficient of phase-to-phase voltages K k e b, is determined by the approximate formula

K 2i = 0.62 / C„ eb. (26)

Note: The relative error in calculating Kiu using formula (26) does not exceed ±8%.

2.3. The phase voltage unbalance coefficient (Kneb.f) as a percentage is calculated using the formula

^НВ, f~~^НМ. f ^nom. f

where Unm.f are the largest and smallest effective values ​​from

three phase voltages. V, kV;

^nom.ph - rated value of phase voltage. V, kV.

When the voltage non-sinusoidal coefficient Kis and (determined in accordance with the requirements of clause 1.4 of Appendix 2) does not exceed the 5% ratio between the zero-sequence voltage coefficient (/(oo) and the phase voltage unbalance coefficient /Snev.F, determined by approximate formula

Koir=0.62 K iev. f. (28)

Note. The relative error of calculating Koi according to formula (28) does not exceed ±8%.

3. Auxiliary parameters of electrical energy

3.1. The frequency of voltage changes (F), s -1, min-1, h~ 1, is calculated using the formula

where /u is the number of voltage changes during time T;

T - measurement time interval, s, min, h.

3.2. Time interval between voltage changes (At it t+1) in accordance with fig. 2, s, min, h, calculated by the formula

where t i+ 1, fi are the initial moments of successive voltage changes, s, min, h, in accordance with the diagram. 2.

If the time interval between the end of one change and the beginning of the next, occurring in the same direction, is less than 30 ms, then these changes are considered as one in accordance with the line. 2.

3.3. The depth of the voltage dip (bU a) in percent in accordance with the drawing. 3 is calculated by the formula

6th g p== .Unou7-Utt, 100| (31)

where Umin is the minimum effective voltage value during a voltage dip. V, kV.

TP (YG p, M p) M

3.4. The intensity of voltage dips (t#) as a percentage is calculated using the formula

where t(bS/n, D*n) is the number of dips of depth 6 £/t and duration for the considered time interval Г;

M is the total number of voltage dips during the considered time interval T.

3.5. The duration of the voltage pulse at the level of 0.5 of its amplitude (D*imp o.b) in microseconds, milliseconds in accordance with the drawing. 5 is calculated by the formula

d ^imp o.5“^ to 1

where t Hi t K are the moments of time corresponding to the intersection of the voltage pulse curve with a horizontal line drawn at half the pulse amplitude, μs, ms.

APPENDIX 9 Mandatory

METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE ACCEPTANCE OF VOLTAGE FLUCTUATIONS FOR LIGHTING INSTALLATIONS

The condition for the admissibility of a set of voltage change ranges, each of which does not exceed the values ​​determined in accordance with the lines. 1, is

where D* d* is the minimum permissible time interval between swings with an amplitude of 6Ut, determined by the lower scale of lines. 1;

T is the total time of observation of the swings.

Example. In 10 minutes, 12 peak-to-peak amplitudes of 4.8% (first group of peaks), 30 peak-to-peak amplitudes of 1.7% (second group), and 100 peak-to-peak amplitudes of 0.9% (third group) were recorded in the network. Determine the admissibility of power supply from this network of fluorescent lamps.

1. Along the curve 3 lines. 1 we determine: for 6С/l ~ 4.8% Dg d1 = 30 s, for 6С/ #2 = “1.7% D*d2 = 1 s, for bShz -0.9% A/dz-0.1 With.

2. By determining by (34) the minimum time for which a given number of swings with the specified amplitude is permissible:

12*30+30-1+100-0.1 =400 s<600 с.

Conclusion. Power supply from this point of the fluorescent lamp network is acceptable.

Permissible voltage ranges

F - frequency of voltage changes; M d - time interval between swings

Voltage fluctuations

6С/^П - range of periodic oscillations (7 ranges of voltage changes during time T p fit/81/^5 - range of non-periodic oscillations

Voltage dip

Periodic amplitude modulation

1.2. The main PKEs include: voltage deviation U, voltage change range bUt, dose of voltage fluctuations f, non-sinusoidal voltage curve coefficient /Cves/, coefficient of the nth harmonic component UiY), negative sequence voltage coefficient /Csi, zero-sequence voltage coefficient Koi, frequency deviation Df, voltage dip duration Dt n, pulse voltage)