The life of primitive people was significantly different from the way of life of the modern population. At the same time, they learned everything on their own, without using any computers; of course, this required a huge amount of time.
How did primitive people preserve fire?
Friction. In honor of fire, primitive people built temples, believing that it was a deity. And they supported it by placing objects that tend to burn. Initially, they could not produce fire. Therefore, we had to engage in an active search, and they found it. And later, it was considered the most valuable treasure. For example, a tree ignited by lightning served as an impetus for the acquisition of fire. One of the residents once grabbed a tree branch that was burning from the flames and took it to his cave. This is where the fiery force necessary for human life originates. With its help, it became light in the home, and the temperature of the room increased significantly. After a fairly long period of time, they learned to extract it on their own, using friction between two dry branches.
How did primitive people develop religious beliefs?
Paganism. They did not appear immediately, but only over time, when conscious functions began to be observed and the speech apparatus began to work. Knowledge of the surrounding world was minimal, and therefore primitive people had to independently answer questions that arose. Each structure necessary in life had its own Deity created. For example, the God of Fire, the God of the Sun, and others.
The meaning of the word ax among primitive people?
Chopped. This weapon had various ways use. The chopper acted as both a knife and an ax, depending on what actions needed to be performed. It was made from various types of stone. The handaxe found during excavations in Kenya is rightfully considered one of the most ancient. Its age is estimated at 1.7 million years.
Why did primitive people especially reverence their ancestors?
Soul. Primitive people believed in the transmigration of souls, and they always asked their dead ancestors for protection. They believed that they could do everything, or almost everything. They knew their ancestry very well.
Why did primitive people develop religion?
Impotence. It was expressed in all directions. People could not resist the laws of nature, did not know how to treat diseases, and did not know how to deal with danger. Therefore, Deities appeared, who were entrusted with full responsibility for the outcome of the matter, which did not allow them to independently change the course of events. Idols were actively created, and there was a strong belief in the spiritual world.
An occupation of primitive people that allowed them to obtain plant food?
Gathering. This word denotes not only the collection of plant food, but also its processing processes. The main source of nutrition was plant foods. Berries, mushrooms, various herbs, and other prey contributed to the saturation of primitive man.
The first force of nature that primitive people mastered?
Fire. They were able to subjugate the power of fire. With his help, the dangers were no longer so terrible. Warmth and light appeared in the homes. And even if the fire ever went out, they could rekindle it with friction.
A gift brought by primitive people to spirits and gods?
Victim. The existing religion in primitive society rather interfered with the correct flow of life. People completely relied on the will of the gods, and did not plan to change anything in their own way. They prayed to made idols, and sacrifices were made to them.
The metal from which primitive people made jewelry?
Gold. Primitive people created amulets to protect themselves from various diseases and believed that they gave inner strength and courageous character. The main material was gold, but others precious metals were used.
Since traveling into the past seems unrealistic, there are certain things we will never know. But each recovered piece of ancient finds represents another piece of a larger puzzle that offers new insight into daily life our ancestors.
Using sticks, stones and other traces of ancient life, archaeologists have uncovered fascinating new information about what our ancestors ate, what unexpected diseases plagued them, how they raised their children and how they entertained themselves.
10. The ancient Chinese ate “ice cream”
Thanks to a little chemical trick, the Chinese enjoyed frozen confectionery almost 3,000 years ago. They noted that the minerals lower the freezing point of water, observing that melting saltpeter in water could cause it to freeze under certain conditions. Around 700 BC e. They used this discovery in cooking, making a frozen mixture of honey, milk and/or cream.
Ancient knowledge about ice cream gradually migrated to Persia about 2,500 years ago. The Persians added fruity or floral flavors such as rose to this sweet dessert. They called it "sharbet", which translates from Arabic as "fruit ice", later the name "sherbet" appeared.
9. Men suffered from prostate stones that caused excruciating pain 
Photo: inverse.com
Near a lying skeleton at the ancient Al Khiday cemetery in Sudan, archaeologists found three mysterious egg-shaped stones. They decided that the stones were not funerary offerings and did not appear as a result of some geological processes. Instead, they were inside the person's body while he was alive. Most likely in the prostate.
Like kidney stones, walnut-sized prostate stones were the result of calcium buildup inside the prostate. Nowadays, this requires surgery, so this man has most likely suffered. Discovery shows that the formation of prostate stones is not modern disease, and people have been suffering from such conditions for at least 12,000 years.
Photo: arstechnica.com
The Silk Road allowed for a wide exchange of goods between Asia, Europe and Africa, but it was also a route for the spread of disease. Recently, archaeologists discovered the first direct evidence of this at the Xuanquanzhi site in Dunhuang, China.
7. To start a family, women traveled to distant lands
Photo: The Telegraph
German archaeologists studied 84 skeletons buried between 2500 and 1650 BC, between the Stone and Bronze Ages. They found that most women walked at least 500 kilometers to start their families.
On the other hand, men died close to where they were born. This "patrilocal" trend continued throughout the Late Stone Age and Early Bronze Age. This discrepancy suggests that the gender roles we associate with ancient humans require some re-evaluation. Women were not always confined to the home while men traveled, traded and plundered. Women traveled to distant lands, where they spread their ideas, shared culture and started families.
6. The Romans built huge libraries
Photo: dw.com
During a construction project in Cologne, a Roman wall was discovered which researchers initially thought was part of an assembly hall before noticing a series of curious niches within it. It turns out they discovered the oldest library in Germany. In 38 BC the region was settled by the Romans. It had all the Roman amenities such as aqueducts, walls, sewers and spiritual nourishment in the form of mosaics and this library, which was built in the second century.
The 1,800-year-old library was two stories high and filled to the brim with several thousand parchment scrolls, possibly as many as 20,000. The volumes were compiled by Roman curators and, as with modern propaganda, may have been censored or selected for certain reasons.
5. Armenians made wine in giant jugs
Photo: smithsonianmag.com
People living in modern Armenia are experienced winemakers due to the fact that they have been practicing this business for more than six thousand years. Some Armenian families still have a relic associated with the region's grape past - a giant 910-liter clay vessel called karas.
They are no longer made in Armenia, but these huge containers once fermented wine from ancient grapes, to which human blood was sometimes added. These people really loved their wine, as evidenced by the discovery of a cellar with hundreds of caras, which contained 380,000 liters. Karas that have not been lost to history or used as coffins (seriously) can still be found in some people's basements and storage rooms because they are too large to move without destroying the karas itself. , nor the doorway.
4. Cavemen Used Cunning Tricks to Start Fires
Photo: sci-news.com
New research shows that Neanderthals didn't rely on lightning to make fire; they could make it themselves. Just like the TV survivalists, Neanderthals hit a piece of pyrite with a piece of silicon to create sparks. Over time, they made a significant mental leap, realizing that some dull, inert stones could create fire.
Another 50,000-year-old find from the site Pech-de-l'Aze I in France suggests that Neanderthals were even smarter. Scientists found blocks of manganese dioxide that showed signs of friction. When the researchers ground the substance into powder, they found that it reduces the burning temperature of wood from 350 degrees Celsius to 250 degrees Celsius.
3. The ancients loved boxing
Photo: history.com
People have always dreamed of a good fight. Boxing originated at least 5,000 years ago in Egypt and became Olympic view sport in Greece in 688 BC, and was later adopted by the Roman army as a way to improve army training. As a result, it has become a favorite spectator sport. They began to hold competitions where one could hear a strong word and succumb to the excitement.
Archaeologists have historical accounts as well as bronze statues depicting boxers, and now at Vindolanda Fort in England they have discovered an actual pair of 1,900-year-old boxing gloves. They are cut from leather and filled with natural material to give them shock-absorbing properties. But they look more like knuckle guards than actual gloves. These may have been sparring gloves, as the ones used for competition had a lethal metal edge.
2. People put dogs on leashes about 9,000 years ago 
Photo: The Independent
According to engravings from the Holocene era (12,000 years ago to the present), we have kept dogs on leashes for almost 9,000 years. Discovered at two sites in Saudi Arabia, the engravings may be the oldest depictions of domesticated (i.e. leashed) dogs. In one image we see a hunter and a pack of dogs, some of them apparently on leashes, running after horse-like creatures. (Researchers say the dogs are similar to modern Canaan dogs).
It's a surprisingly complex human-dog relationship. The image suggests that the dogs may have been bred, trained and organized into large groups (21 dogs can be seen in one image) to assist their owners in hunting large prey.
1. Children accompanied the family on a hunt
Photo: The Independent
Archaeologists can piece together complex scenes using very little evidence. In fact, they extrapolated the child-rearing practices of Homo heidelbergensis (the modern predecessor of humans) based on traces from 700,000 years ago. They usually disintegrate quickly, but those discovered at the Melka Kunture site in Ethiopia were preserved under a layer of volcanic ash.
The small prints probably belonged to children aged one or two years. The researchers also found tracks of adults, as well as various animals, all centered around a small watering hole. The remains of a killed hippopotamus and stone tools for cutting up the carcass were also discovered. This suggests that children were not left at home, but were taken on dangerous tasks such as hunting, probably so that they could observe and begin to learn these skills.
How long ago it was. Evolution, Darwin's theory. Many still do not believe that man could have descended from a monkey. How could ancient prosimians produce people who, over time, made a bunch of discoveries, invented a bunch of useful things, etc. Well, actually it’s not really important right now. We are here to tell you interesting facts about primitive people that we hope you will enjoy.
1. For a very long time, primitive people could not produce fire themselves. All they could do was maintain the existing fire that was arising due to natural phenomena. But about 500 million years ago, Homo erectus discovered that if two dry sticks were rubbed against each other for a long time, fire appeared. A little later they learned to create fire using two pieces of flint and dry grass.
2. The first animal domesticated by man was the wolf (ancestor). At first, these animals were used only for hunting, but a little later they also began to perform guard functions.
3. Primitive people, apparently, were very fond of drawing, since ancient drawings were often found in caves, which mainly depicted hunting.
4. Ancient people often hunted mammoths. But despite the fact that the mammoth is a huge and fleshy animal, it was hunted not for its meat, but mainly for its tusks and bones, from which they made various tools.
5. 40,000 years ago, people were already playing on homemade ivory flutes. This is proven by the excavations carried out. This means that we can assume that the flute is one of the oldest musical instruments.
6. How many teeth does a healthy modern person have? Yes, exactly 32. And primitive people had as many as 36. At that time, the food was coarse and tough. And to chew it you had to have big and strong teeth. But with the ability to cook meat over fire, the teeth began to shrink, and some completely disappeared over time. Cooked food became soft and tender, so the huge jaw was no longer needed and over the generations it underwent changes.
7. Primitive people quickly mastered jewelry. They made beads from the teeth of predators, amulets from shells, snake skin, etc.
8. Ancient people had their own tools, which are prototypes of modern tools. For example, there was such a tool as the “Chopper”. It had a pointed end and resembled something between a knife and an ax. But in addition to cutting and chopping, this tool was also used for crushing objects and bones.
— The most interesting facts about everything in the world.
There are several theories about the origin of man. One of them is the theory of evolution. And even though it has not yet given us a definite answer to this question, scientists continue to study ancient people. So we'll talk about them.
History of ancient people
Human evolution goes back 5 million years. The oldest ancestor of modern humans, Homo habilius, appeared in East Africa 2.4 million years ago.
He knew how to make fire, build simple shelters, collect plant food, process stone and use primitive stone tools.
Human ancestors began making tools 2.3 million years ago in East Africa and 2.25 million years ago in China.
Primitive
About 2 million years ago, the oldest human species known to science, Homo habilis, by striking one stone against another, made stone tools - pieces of flint beaten in a special way, choppers.
They cut and sawed, and with a blunt end, if necessary, it was possible to crush bone or stone. Many choppers of various shapes and sizes were found in the Olduvai Gorge (Tanzania), so this culture of ancient people began to be called Olduvai.
A skilled man lived only in the territory. Homo erectus was the first to leave Africa and enter Asia and then Europe. It appeared 1.85 million years ago and disappeared 400 thousand years ago.
A successful hunter, he invented many tools, acquired a home and learned to use fire. The tools used by Homo erectus were larger than the tools of early hominids (man and his immediate ancestors).
In their manufacture we used new technology– upholstery of the stone blank on both sides. They represent the next stage of culture - Acheulean, named after the first finds in Saint-Acheul, a suburb of Amiens in .
In their physical structure, hominids differed significantly from each other, which is why they are divided into separate groups.
Man of the ancient world
Neanderthals (Homo Sapiens neaderthalensis) lived in the Mediterranean region of Europe and the Middle East. They appeared 100 thousand years ago, and 30 thousand years ago they disappeared without a trace.
About 40 thousand years ago, Neanderthals were replaced by Homo sapiens. Based on the place of the first discovery - the Cro-Magnon cave in Southern France - this type of person is sometimes also called a Cro-Magnon.
In Russia, unique finds of these people were made near Vladimir.
Archaeological research suggests that the Cro-Magnons developed new way making stone blades of knives, scrapers, saws, tips, drills and other stone tools - they chipped from large stone flakes and sharpened them.
About half of all Cro-Magnon tools were made of bone, which is stronger and more durable than wood.
From this material, the Cro-Magnons also made new tools such as needles with eyes, hooks for fishing, harpoons, as well as cutters, awls and scrapers for scraping animal skins and making leather from them.
The various parts of these objects were attached to each other using veins, ropes made from plant fibers and adhesives. The Périgord and Aurignacian cultures were named after the places in France where at least 80 various types stone tools of this type.
The Cro-Magnons also significantly improved their methods of hunting (driven hunting), hunting reindeer and red deer, mammoths, woolly rhinoceroses, cave bears, wolves and other animals.
Ancient people made spear throwers, as well as devices for catching fish (harpoons, hooks), and bird snares. The Cro-Magnons lived mainly in caves, but at the same time they built various dwellings from stone and dugouts, tents from animal skins.
They knew how to make sewn clothes, which they often decorated. People made baskets and fish traps from flexible willow rods, and wove nets from ropes.
Life of ancient people
In the diet of ancient people important role the fish played. Traps were set on the river for small fish, and larger fish were speared.
But how did ancient people act when the river or lake was wide and deep? Drawings on the walls of caves in Northern Europe, made 9-10 thousand years ago, depict people in a boat chasing a reindeer floating down a river.
Lasting wooden frame the boats are covered with animal skin. This ancient boat resembled the Irish currach, the English coracle, and the traditional kayak still used by the Inuit.
10 thousand years ago there was still an ice age in Northern Europe. It was difficult to find a tall tree from which to hollow out a boat. The first boat of this type was found on the territory. Its age is about 8 thousand years, and it is made from.
The Cro-Magnons were already engaged in painting, carving and sculpture, as evidenced by drawings on the walls and ceilings of caves (Altamira, Lascaux, etc.), human and animal figures made of horn, stone, bone and elephant tusks.
Stone remained the main material for making tools for a long time. The era of the predominance of stone tools, dating back hundreds of thousands of years, is called the Stone Age.
Key dates
No matter how hard historians, archaeologists and other scientists try, we will never be able to reliably know how ancient people lived. But still, science has managed to make very serious progress in studying our past.
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