: A guide for the educator det. garden. - M.: Enlightenment, 1983. - 144 p., ill.

A small child shows a great need for movement. This is physiologically determined. Helping a preschooler to master motor skills in a timely manner is an important task for a kindergarten teacher. The author reveals the methodology of teaching children basic types of movements: running, jumping, climbing, throwing taking into account the conditions of education in rural kindergarten. The book focuses on holding relay games, competitions with elements of sports entertainment.

Features of running as the main type of movement

The ability to run quickly and deftly is necessary in the main activity of the child - the game. Running is more often than other movements used in Everyday life by all children, regardless of whether they attend a childcare facility or play in playgrounds in the yards.

Running is included in the content of many types of movements: the ability to run correctly depends, for example, on the success of high jumps and long jumps, the performance of sports exercises that include elements of badminton, volleyball, and basketball games. Running is the basis of the TRP complex. IN last years Wellness jogging has become widespread among all segments of the population.

Like walking, running is cyclic exercise, in which repulsion from the support with the foot (right or left) alternates with flight. This is the hallmark of running versus walking. In running, as in walking, good coordination of movements of arms and legs is necessary, correct posture, expedient, depending on the type of run, placing the foot on a support. Multiple repetition of individual cycles (push, flight and landing) allows you to run for a long time without experiencing overstrain by developing endurance.

External ease of running is associated with the presence of optimal effort with perfect coordination of movements. One of the main points that provide good results (high speed or duration of running) is the rhythm of running. Running on the ground, associated with uneven ground, sharp turns, ascents and descents, loses its cyclical and rhythmic nature, characteristic of running in the gym or on a special track. Such a run requires the ability to rebuild the coordination of movements well and quickly.

Children up to school age you need to learn to run quickly, easily and rhythmically, with good coordination of the movements of the arms and legs. Children should be able to use the most appropriate type and technique of running, depending on the specific conditions. So, on an uneven surface, running at a slow pace while maintaining balance is more effective; uphill - with a small step, from the mountain - with a wide step, in games about catching and dodging - running at a variable pace, with turns, unexpected stops.

In their daily activities and games, children most often use running on slightly bent legs at an average pace with a change in direction. But it is necessary to teach children and other types of running (for speed, at a slow pace, running with high knees), which are important for a comprehensive physical education, the development of motor qualities, such as agility, speed, endurance.

running like the new kind motor actions appear in children in the second year of life after they learn to walk confidently. At first it is just accelerated walking with frequent and small steps. The body at the same time strongly leans forward, the legs are bent at the knees. It looks like the child is falling. At the beginning of the third year of a child's life, this peculiar accelerated walking becomes actually a run, its characteristic feature appears - flight, although the steps are still mincing, uneven, and the foot is placed on the surface heavily, with the whole foot at once - “slaps”. Hand movements are not always consistent with leg movements.

For a period of 2 to 7 years, running in children becomes easy, rhythmic, flight is well expressed in it, movements of the arms and legs are coordinated. The foot is placed with an elastic roll from heel to toe. Children are already able to perform different types running, using his various techniques. For example, in a short segment, when asked to run fast, they perform an energetic run on toes, with active hand movements. When running for a long distance, they run at a calm pace, putting their foot in a roll from heel to toe, hand movements are slightly relaxed.

In order for children to gradually improve different types of running, it is necessary to create appropriate conditions for them.

Running training methodology

When teaching children to run younger age The teacher's example is of great importance. Therefore, in exercises and games, the teacher performs the task together with the children, drawing their attention to the ease of running, coordination of movements. At the same time, he uses a game image, for example, run like mice. When performing such imitative actions, it is not always necessary to show movements, but the teacher must be sure that the children understand and are familiar with the image proposed for imitation. Do not give children a lot of sometimes incomprehensible instructions, such as "raise your legs higher" or "move your arms harder." Often this leads to the opposite result: the children begin to stomp, the run becomes heavy, abrupt, and the already emerging coordination of the movements of the arms and legs goes wrong. In order to keep kids interested in learning, it is advisable to offer game tasks more often - run to a toy, run up to a tree or stone, play outdoor games with running: “Sparrows and a car”, “Cat and mice”, etc.

In the future, when teaching older children to run, the teacher shows less himself, explains more, pays attention to those who run well (runs easily, rhythmically, correctly observing the running technique) and can serve as an example.

In order not to decrease interest in running, children of older groups should be offered additional tasks: change the pace or direction of running, quickly stop and continue running again, run around objects, alternate running with other movements - walking, climbing, jumping, etc.

Running with the introduction of additional tasks is most often carried out in such exercises as “Catch up with the ball”, “On the bridge”, “For high, for low”, “Stork, butterfly, frog”, “Run - do not drop”. The content of many of them includes running with catching and dodging, which affects the improvement of coordination of movements, running speed, and the development of dexterity.

To develop endurance, running at a uniform slow pace is useful. It is used with children of all age groups. For children of the first and second junior groups, the duration of the run is 30-60 s, for children of the older groups, the duration of the run increases to 2-3 minutes. This type of running is used in exercises and games with pronounced continuous motor activity. It is advisable to use a long slow run in the air, including it in the games "Pilots", "Cosmonauts", etc., and alternating with overcoming some obstacles (walk along a log, crawl under a rope, run up a hill and escape from it).

Types of running

Types of running different. In sports practice, running is divided depending on the length of the distance: sprint(60-100 m), middle distance running(400-1000 m), running on long distances (from 2000 m), m Arathon run.

In addition, distinguish run cross country, steeplechase, hurdling. In recent years, running at a low pace has gained particular popularity ( jogging) used for recreational purposes.

Given the age characteristics, the following types of running are available to preschool children: normal running at a calm pace, running at speed, with obstacles and the inclusion of other movements (climbing, jumping), running at a changing pace, slow running. Types of running and running exercises differ in execution technique. The educator should know these features in order to prevent mistakes, to correct them easier and faster, to correctly determine the tasks and teaching methods.

Regular run.Correct technique Such a run is considered: the ability to run freely, easily, with natural hand movements. The arms are bent at the elbows, the fingers are freely bent (but not clenched into fists). When running, the arms move forward and upward approximately to the level of the chest somewhat inward, then they are retracted with the elbows back - to the sides. When running in small steps, the leg slightly bent at the knee is placed on the front of the foot. With wider running steps, the leg is placed With heels with subsequent elastic lowering on the entire foot. When pushing off, you need to straighten your leg at the knee. The toes of the feet are not bred to the sides. The torso is slightly tilted forward, the head is in line with it, the chest and shoulders are deployed, do not turn the shoulders following the hand, so as not to cause excessive rotation of the torso.

Normal running at an average pace is widely used to teach certain elements of technology, the skills of correct coordinated movement. With such a run, children can better control their movements, feel them well, and can make adjustments to their actions.

Regular running can be carried out in various formations: in a column one at a time, in pairs, in a circle, in a “snake”, etc. The approximate duration of continuous running increases gradually from 10-15 s to junior groups up to 35-40 s in seniors (repeated 2-4 times intermittently). For children 6-7 years old at the end school year the duration of the run can be within one minute, since during the year children master the elements of the correct running technique, their functional training grows.

Sock running. The foot should be placed on the front of the foot, without touching the heel of the floor. The step is short, the pace is fast. The movements of the hands are calm, relaxed, in time with the steps, do not raise them high. You can put your hands on your belt.

Running with high knees. Run lifting the leg bent at the knee at a right angle, put it on the floor with a soft, elastic and at the same time quite energetic movement on the front of the foot. The step is short, with a slight advance forward. The body is straight and slightly tilted back, the head is held high. Hands can be placed on the belt. Alternate with regular running or walking.

Run with a wide stride. Take wide steps, increasing the push and flight time (as if jumping over an imaginary obstacle). Put the foot from the heel with a roll over the entire foot. Try to fully straighten the pushing leg, vigorously pushing off. Hand movements are free and sweeping.

Running with the leg bent at the knee back. The torso is tilted forward a little more than usual, hands on the belt. The leg bent at the knee after the push is retracted (try to reach the buttock with the heel). Alternate with regular running, while relaxing your legs a little more, giving them rest.

Walk around. Perform with an overlap of almost straight legs: right - to the left, left - to the right. The leg is placed on the foot.

Jumping run. It is performed energetically, with a wide sweeping movement. Push forward and up.

The duration of continuous running on toes, with high raising of the knees, with the leg bent at the knee pulled back, is short (10-20 s). As a rule, these types of running are repeated 2-3 times, alternating each type with regular running or walking. Running with a wide step is given at a distance of 10-12 m. For this run, you can use various landmarks - lines, cords, flat hoops, stuffed balls.

Running at a fast pace. It is performed on the forefoot or on socks. The step is wide, swift. Hand movements are active, in time with running steps. Do energetic repulsions with a push leg, straightening it well. Move the fly leg forward and upward. The body is tilted forward in the direction of movement, the head is in line with it. Shoulders deployed, not tense, look forward.

Fast running is most often used in games with competitive elements. The duration of such a run is small - 5-8 s. However, alternating with natural stops - rest, it can be repeated 4-5 times.

Slow run has recently gained great popularity, mainly as a means of developing general endurance, increasing the functional capabilities of the body. In this run, one must be able to maintain a low pace, not speed it up or slow it down, run rhythmically. Take short steps, put your foot on the front of the foot or elastically from heel to toe. The movements of the hands are calm, the arms are bent at the elbows at waist level, the shoulders are slightly relaxed.

Variable pace run used in combination with other movements. The main task in teaching this type of run is to teach children to choose the pace and type of run that best matches the content of the task. So, if the run ends with a jump or a long jump, then you do not need to slow down the pace before the push, but immediately move from the last step of the run to an energetic push up or forward. You must be able to quickly and deftly switch from running to another type of movement. For example, crawl under a hoop or rope, walk along a log, and then continue running without stopping, without changing direction. At a variable pace, you can offer different exercises.

Shuttle run. A wide, brisk stride alternates with a sharp stop at the end when moving in a straight line and frequent strides when cornering. Before changing direction, the pace is more frequent, the steps are shorter, the knees are more bent to maintain balance. Hand movements are natural, helping to move in a straight line and around corners.

Running combined with crawling under sticks, climbing into a hoop, jumping over, jumping up. Here you need to be able to slow down and speed up the pace of running before overcoming an obstacle.

Running in different natural conditions develops the ability to apply the type of running that best suits these conditions, its pace and speed. Running on a winding track is different from running in a straight line, and running on sand requires a different technique and different effort than running on a dirt track. By changing the conditions familiar to children, choosing different combinations of them, it is necessary to promote the development of a skill that is so necessary in life - to use the most effective type of running in accordance with surface conditions (dirt, grassy, ​​asphalt track, running on sand, water, uphill and downhill) .

When running uphill, the foot is placed on the toe, the step is short, the body is tilted forward. When running, the leg is placed on the entire foot or from heel to toe, the legs are more bent at the knees, the body is slightly tilted back.

When running up and down the board, laid at an angle, stacks are placed close to one another, socks are not spread apart, balance is maintained by hand movements.

The content of exercises for children of the older group (5-6 years old)

1. Running on toes.

2. Running with a wide and small step.

3. Running high knees.

4. Running with tasks.

5. Running in combination with other movements.

6. Running at a fast pace for 10 meters (repeat 3-4 times).

7. Running for speed at a distance of 20-30 m.

8. Shuttle run (3 times 10 m each).

9. Alternating walking and running on 2-3 sections of the path, 60-100 m each.

10. Running at an average pace over rough terrain for a distance of up to 150-200 m.

11. Slow run for 1.5-2 minutes.

Methodical instructions. Running exercises for older children are becoming more difficult. The teacher seeks from the children the ability to perform different types of running technically correctly: on toes with short and frequent running steps; running with a wide step with a large easy flight and sweeping arm movements. The teacher encourages children who can apply the types of running appropriate to the task, and in all cases positively evaluates easy free running with natural hand movements.

Exercises and games often include various tasks when running at an average pace, for example, without reducing the speed of running, change the leader, turn around, change from a column into pairs. Cross-country running is also performed at an average pace. The distance of such a cross-country run for children of 6 years old is up to 150-200 m. If possible, obstacles are included that children must overcome on the run: crawl up, jump over, deftly run around.

IN senior group special work is being carried out on the development of motor qualities of speed and endurance in children, for which the length of running distances is increased. Children compete in running for speed at a distance of 20-30 m or repeat 3-4 times a fast run for 10 m.

In order to develop endurance, children are invited to run from 60 to 100 m, then go part of the way and run the same distance again. Running becomes longer at a slow pace - up to 1.5-2 mil. At first, the teacher himself shows how to run at a slow pace, and then one of the children demonstrates his ability evenly and slowly run. Slow running is more expedient to carry out in natural conditions in the air.

Exercises and games for children 5-6 years old

Handkerchief burners(Udmurt game). Children line up in twos. In front, facing them, the driver, he has a handkerchief in his hand. He picks it up. The children standing in the last pair run from both sides to the driver.

Rules: the one who ran up first takes a handkerchief and becomes the leader; the latecomer pairs up with the previous driver in front of the rest of the pairs.

Physical training! Children are located on one side of the playground behind the start line. The finish line is marked on the opposite side in 15-20 m. Guys say:

“Sport, guys, is very necessary. We are close friends with sports. Sports help! Sports - health! Sport is a game! Physical training!"

With the end of the words, the children run a race to the finish line.

Rules: Those who are among the first three to cross the finish line win.

Complication: line up the winners 1-2 steps further from the start line.

Find your place(Italian game). The players form a circle. Leading around the circle with a handkerchief in his hand. On a signal, he runs after the children standing in a circle, puts a handkerchief on one of them and continues to run. The one who turned out to have a handkerchief runs towards the driver. At this time, the children standing in a circle move apart, as if filling the vacant space. The driver and the child with the handkerchief must find this place and stand up.

Rules: the one who gets in the right place remains in the circle, and the one who is late becomes the leader; if the driver was in this role 3 times in a row, he is replaced.

Horses. Children are divided into two equal subgroups, one of which is riders, the other is horses. Riders are located on one side of the site, horses are in the stable. The teacher is a caretaker.

Riders harness horses using jump ropes or ropes (2 m long), stand one after another. To the words “walk”, the riders follow each other with normal walking, the horses raise their legs high. They run to the “run” signal, jump to the “gallop” signal, run to the “scatter” signal in different directions around the site. Then they follow each other again. To the words "whoa!" stop. Children change roles. The game is repeated.

Rules: change movements on a signal; do not collide while running.

Complication: add walking on a plank or log, uphill and downhill.

Swan geese. At one end of the site, a house is marked where the geese are, at the opposite end there is a shepherd. To the side of the house is the lair of the wolf. The rest of the site is a meadow. A shepherd and a wolf are appointed or elected, they take their places. Geese graze in the meadow. P a with t at x. Geese, geese! Geese. Ha, ha, ha! Shepherd. Do you want to eat? Geese. Yes Yes Yes! Shepherd. So fly! Geese. We are not allowed,

The gray wolf under the mountain Does not let us go home... Shepherd. So fly as you like, Just take care of your wings!

The geese, stretching their arms to the sides, fly home, and the wolf runs out and tries to catch (feel) the geese.

Rules: the one touched by the wolf is considered to be caught, the geese caught are counted, a new wolf and a shepherd are appointed.

Complication: the wolf must crawl under the arc or into the hoop.

Carp and pike. Half of the children form a circle-pond, the distance between the players is two steps. One - the pike is outside the circle. The rest of the players - crucians run inside the circle. At the signal “pike”, she quickly runs into the circle, trying to catch carp. They rush to take a place behind one of the players standing in a circle (pebbles).

Rules: the pike catches those who did not have time to stand behind the pebble; after 3-4 repetitions, the caught carp are counted; children standing in a circle and depicting crucian carp change roles; a new pike is appointed.

Mousetrap. The players are divided into two unequal subgroups: the smaller one (about one third of the players) forms a circle - a mousetrap, the rest of the mice are outside the circle. The mousetrap players join hands and walk in a circle and say:

“Oh, how tired the mice are, Everyone gnawed, everyone ate. Beware, cheaters

We will get to you. Here we put mousetraps, Let's catch everyone now!

Children stop, raise their clasped hands. Mice run into and out of the mousetrap. At the clap signal, the children lower their hands - the mousetrap slammed shut.

Rules: mice should not stand in or outside the circle; those who did not have time to run out on a signal are considered caught and stand in a circle - a mousetrap.

hawk and ducks(Yakut game). Two circles are drawn on the site - lakes, the distance between them is 5-10 steps. With the help of a rhyme, a hawk is chosen, he stands between the lakes. The rest of the children are ducks swimming in their lakes. On a signal, the children-ducks change places. At this time, the hawk catches ducks.

Rules: the hawk only touches the ducks when they are outside the lake, ducks cannot be caught in the lake: the caught ducks are out of the game and return to their places after counting and changing the hawk.

To select a hawk, you can use the following rhyme: “There was one burbot in the river, Two ruffs were friends with him. Three ducks flew to them Four times a day And taught them to count: One-two-three-four-five!

Who is superfluous(Bashkir game). Clapping their hands and dancing, the children lead a round dance. Inside the circle, a triangle is drawn with sides equal to the length of 4-5 steps, at each of its vertices there are circles. Three guys become circles, and the fourth one is the leader in the center of the triangle. From the circles, the guys run into a round dance. Those in front of whom they stand must quickly occupy the empty circle.

Rules: the driver can occupy any empty circle; the latecomer becomes the driver.

Salki in a circle. A circle with a diameter of 30 m is drawn on the site. Two teams compete. Each forms a circle, i.e. two circles inside the drawn circle. At the first signal, the teams move with side steps in different directions. At the second signal, the players of the outer circle scatter, the guys from the inner circle try to overpower them. After some time, the game stops, the number of pissed off is counted, the teams change roles. The team that manages to defeat the most opponents wins.

Rules: you can not run out of the drawn circle.

Birdhouses. The players draw mugs in different places on the site or make them from jump ropes, cones, pebbles - these are birdhouses. In each - a pair of starlings. The number of players is odd, one without a home. Children run around the playground in different directions. At the signal “the starlings have arrived”, the children - the starlings run into the birdhouses and are placed in them two by two. At the signal “the starlings are flying”, they again run around the site.

Rules: you can occupy any birdhouse; a latecomer is left without a home.

Change subject. On one side of the site, 4-5 circles are drawn at a distance of one step from one another, each with a bag of sand. On the opposite side, players line up in 4-5 columns against each circle. Each first in the column receives a cube (bump, pebble). On a signal, the children run to the mugs, put cubes in them, take sandbags and return to their places.

Rules: the object must be put in a circle, not thrown; if the object is not exactly placed in the circle, the player must return and correct the object.

The content of the exercises for children of the preparatory group for school (6-7 years old)

1. Run with knees bent back,

2. Run with straight legs forward.

3. Running jumps.

4. Running in combination with other movements (dribbling, jumping rope, jumping).

5. Running with a wide step through obstacles 10-15 cm high.

6. Running from different starting positions.

7. Running for speed - distance 30 m.

8. Shuttle run (5 times 10 m each).

9. Alternating walking and running on 3-4 sections of the path, 100-150 m each.

10. Running at an average pace over rough terrain for a distance of 200-300 m.

11. Slow run for 2-3 minutes.

Methodical instructions. In the preparatory group for school, the teacher continues to ensure that the children's running is natural, easy, rhythmic, with good posture, relaxed position of the arms, head, torso. For children 6-7 years old, the number of exercises in running increases, new types are introduced that require good physical fitness, for example, running with the legs bent back at the knees, running with straight legs raised forward, and jumping. The tasks mastered in the older group become more difficult, for example, running with a wide step alternates with overcoming obstacles 10-15 cm high, which requires energetic repulsion, high flight, and the ability to perform several jumps in a row without stopping.

Running exercises more often combined with other complex movements, but only if children master them. So, the teacher offers running under a rotating long rope, developing in children the ability to balance the speed of running with the speed of rotation of the rope, to sharply accelerate the run at the moment of running under it. The same skill is necessary when dribbling the ball in the forward direction or "snake". Children of 7 years old have a relatively high level of coordination of movements, which makes it possible to perform such exercises as running along an inclined or horizontally raised log by 20-25 cm. Children should be prompted to run carefully, placing their feet close to one another, do not spread their socks, spread their arms to the sides, helping to maintain balance, look at the end of the log.

The teacher should not forget about the requirements for running technique when performing jumps. Success in these exercises is largely determined by the ability to increase the pace at the end of the run, ending it with an energetic repulsion.

The development of the quality of speed continues. A good exercise in the starting snatch is running from different starting positions - standing with your back, sitting, kneeling, lying down. Such tasks improve the ability of children to quickly respond to a signal, develop the maximum pace of running, at which children have a frequent step and energetic hand movements.

Opportunities expand stamina education. Children are offered to run at an average pace over rough terrain a distance of 200-300 m. Running in alternation with walking on sections of the path of 100-150 m is repeated 3-4 times. The ability to run slowly at a low pace for 2-3 minutes is consolidated. If possible, use barefoot running on sand, shallow water, dirt and grassy paths with turns and slopes more often, making sure that there are no objects that could lead to injury. It is desirable to carry out such a run in spring, summer and even late autumn, without fear of a fine, drizzling rain. In addition to hardening, running in adverse conditions strengthens the character of children, their perseverance, endurance, and creates the habit of daily physical exercise.

Games for children 6-7 years old

Trap, take the tape! Children are built in a circle. Everyone receives a strip or colored ribbon and puts it behind the belt or behind the collar. There is a trap in the center of the circle. At the “run” signal, the children scatter around the playground (if it is large, it is necessary to mark the boundaries for the game). The trap runs after the players, trying to pull out the ribbon. At the signal “one, two, three, quickly run into a circle,” the children line up in a circle. The trap counts the number of taken tapes, returns them to the children. The game restarts with a new trap.

Rules: do not hold the ribbon with your hands; whoever loses the ribbon is temporarily out of the game.

corners. The game goes well on a large area, where there are many trees located close to each other. Children stand near them or in circles marked on the ground. One of the players, remaining in the middle, comes up to someone and says: "Mouse, mouse, sell me your corner." She refuses. The driver goes with the same words to another. At this time, the rest of the children change places, and the one in the middle tries to take the place of one of the ones running across. If he succeeded, the one left without a corner becomes in the middle. If the driver fails to take a corner for a long time, the teacher says: "Cat." Everyone changes places at the same time, the leader takes someone's place.

Rules: before the run, agree with the one with whom you want to change places; You can't stand in your corner for long.

Collect checkboxes. Flags are placed on the field, the site every 8-10 m. In the first row there should be two less flags than the players, in the second row - two more less. Thus, if 10 children are playing, then there should be 8, 6, 4, 2, 1 flags in each row. At the signal, the children run, everyone tries to take possession of the flag in the first row. The two who fail to do so are out of the game. After the second stage, six participants remain, then four, and finally the two strongest. The child who has mastered the last flag becomes the winner (Fig. 6).

Rice. 6. Collect flags

Rules: if during the run the child dropped the flag on the ground, he must first pick it up and only then continue to run.

Chase down your opponent. Two lines of children are located in front of the starting lines at a distance of 5 steps from one another. A house is outlined 15-20 steps from the starting line. On a signal, everyone starts running at the same time: the children in the back try to overpower those running in front. After counting the pissed off children change roles.

Rules: you can not salit behind the line of the house.

Run in ranks. The teams line up in ranks (at a distance of 15-20 steps), you can give them the names "Rocket", "Sputnik". On a signal, the children of one of the teams, holding hands, go forward, trying to keep the alignment. When there are 2-3 steps left to the other line, the participants of which are sitting on the ground, the teacher gives the command: “Run!”. The children of the first line unhook their hands and run to their house, and the guys of the second line try to overpower them. Settled are counted. The game is repeated, but this time the teams switch roles.

Rules: each time the children of both teams must take a certain starting position, for example, those who are advancing can take each other by the arms, put their hands on their shoulders, link them in front; those who expect rivals to approach may stand with their backs or sideways to them.

Skipping rope. Two children take an ordinary short rope by different handles, run around the playground, trying with their free hand to taunt the rest of the children running away from them. The first one caught stands between the leaders, takes the middle of the rope with one hand and joins in catching. In order for the three drivers to be freed from their duties, each of them must catch one player.

Rules: do not let go of the rope; coordinate actions in triplets.

Change of places. Two teams of 8-10 people line up in ranks facing each other on opposite sides of the site behind the city lines (distance 10-12 m) and diverge to the width of outstretched arms. On a signal, they run towards each other, trying to be outside the opposite city as quickly as possible, then turn to face the center of the site and line up. The team that does it faster wins.

Rules: do not collide when crossing; standing in line, line up.

Burners. The players line up in pairs. A line is drawn in front of the column at a distance of 2-3 steps. With the help of a counter, a trap is chosen:

"Oblique, oblique,
Don't go barefoot.
And go shod
Wrap your paws.
If you are shod
The wolves won't find the hare.
The bear will not find you.
Come out, you're on fire."

S. Marshak

The trap stands on the line with its back to the rest of the players. All standing in pairs say:

"Burn, burn clearly,
To not go out.
Look at the sky, the birds are flying
The bells are ringing.
One, two, three - run!"

With the end of the words, the children standing in the last pair run along the column (one on the right, the other on the left), trying to grab their hands. The trap tries to catch one of the pair and join hands with him. If the catcher managed to do this, he forms a new pair with the one caught and stands in front of the column, and the one left without a pair becomes a trap. If the trapper is not caught, he remains in the same role.

Rules: during the pronunciation of words, the trap should not look back; you can catch before the players join hands.

Obstacle course. Various aids can be used as obstacles: benches, arcs, barriers, targets for throwing. The order of overcoming obstacles can be any, for example, crawl under several arcs (rails), walk along a gymnastic bench (or log), run around stuffed balls (four balls placed at a distance of 1 m from one another), jump over two lines from a place, crawl on the gymnastic bench, run with a small ball (or a bag of sand) 6-7 m and throw it at the target. Evaluated the speed and accuracy of the task.

Be careful. There are 5-6 players on one side of the playground, on the opposite side (distance 8-10 m), three objects lie in front of each (for example, a cube, a rattle, a flag). At the “Run” signal, the players rush to the objects. Approximately in the middle of the path, a signal follows which of the three items to take, for example, a cube. Children take the named object and run with it to the starting line.

Rules: the one who came running with the object first wins; if the wrong item is taken, you need to return and replace it.

The kite and the mother hen. 8-10 children participate in the game. One of the players is chosen as a kite, the other as a mother hen. The rest of the children are chickens, they stand behind the hen, forming a column. Everyone is holding on to each other. Aside is a kite's nest. On a signal, he flies out of the nest and tries to catch the last chicken in the column. The mother hen, stretching her arms to the sides, does not allow the kite to grab the chicken. All chickens follow the movements of the kite and quickly move after the hen.

Rules: do not break the clutch in the column; you can not hold the kite with your hands; the one who is caught goes to the kite's nest,

Salki - do not fall into the swamp. On the site, sticks, cones, pebbles indicate a place where you can’t run in - a swamp (anthill, garden). Choose a trap. On a signal, he catches up with the children, trying to knock them down.

Rules: tagged or caught in a swamp is considered caught and is eliminated from the game until the tagged ones are counted.

Vavilova E. N. Learn to run, jump, climb, throw: A guide for the educator det. garden. - M.: Education, 1983. S. 32-54.

In order to improve the quality of running in children, it is advisable to use various types: running on toes, running with a wide step, running with a high hip lift, which trains the muscles of the abdominal press, back and foot, light, rhythmic running to music, which affects the development of coordination and dexterity of movements ; running between objects and with objects (jump ropes, hoops); running with overcoming obstacles and on a limited plane (outlined boundaries), which contributes to the acquisition of orientation in space and coordination of movements; running with various tasks performed on a signal and for orientation in space and in a team, cultivating dexterity and a quick reaction to changes in the child's environment. Types of running and running exercises differ in execution technique.

REGULAR RUN. The correct technique for such a run is considered to be: the ability to run freely, easily, with natural hand movements. Normal running at an average pace is widely used to teach certain elements of technology, the skills of correct coordinated movement. With such a run, children can better control their movements, feel them well, and can make adjustments to their actions. Regular running can be carried out in various formations: in a column one by one, in pairs, in a circle, “snake”, etc. The approximate duration of continuous running increases gradually from 10-15 s in the younger groups to 35-40 s in the older ones (repeated 2-4 times with interruptions). For children 6-7 years old at the end of the school year, the duration of the run can be within one minute, since during the year children master the elements of the correct running technique, their functional training grows.

RUNNING ON SOCKS. The foot should be placed on the front of the foot, without touching the heel of the floor. The step is short, the pace is fast. The movements of the hands are calm, relaxed, in time with the steps, do not raise them high, You can put your hands on your belt.

HIGH KNEE RUNNING. Run, lifting the leg bent at the knee at a right angle, placing it on the floor with a soft, elastic and at the same time quite energetic movement on the front of the foot. The step is short, with a slight advance forward. The body is straight and slightly tilted back, the head is held high. Hands can be placed on the belt. Alternate with regular running or walking.

RUNNING WITH A WIDE STEP. Take wide steps, increasing the push and flight time (as if jumping over an imaginary obstacle). Put the foot from the heel with a roll over the entire foot. Try to fully straighten the pushing leg, vigorously pushing off. Hand movements are free and sweeping.

RUNNING WITH THE BACK OF THE LEGS BENT AT THE KNEE. The torso is tilted forward a little more than usual, hands on the belt. The leg bent at the knee after the push is retracted (try to reach the buttock with the heel). Alternate with regular running, while relaxing your legs a little more, giving them rest. Walking with the Cross. Perform an overlap of almost straight legs: right - to the left, left - to the right. The leg is placed on the foot.

RUNNING WITH JUMPS. It is performed energetically, with a wide sweeping movement. The duration of continuous running on toes, with high raising of the knees, with the leg bent at the knee pulled back, is short (10–20 s). As a rule, these types of running are repeated 2-3 times, alternating each type with regular running or walking. Running with a wide step is given at a distance of 10-12 m. For this run, you can use various landmarks - lines, cords, flat hoops, stuffed balls.

RUNNING AT A FAST PACE. Fast running is most often used in games with competitive elements. The duration of such a run is small -5-8 s. However, alternating with natural stops - rest, it can be repeated 4-5 times.

SLOW RUN. Recently, it has gained great popularity, mainly as a means of developing general endurance, increasing the functional capabilities of the body. In this run, one must be able to maintain a low pace, not speed it up or slow it down, run rhythmically. Take short steps, put your foot on the front of the foot or elastically from heel to toe. The movements of the hands are calm, the arms are bent at the elbows at waist level, the shoulders are slightly relaxed.

VARIABLE PACE RUNNING is used in combination with other movements. The main task in teaching this type of run is to teach children to choose the pace and type of run that best matches the content of the task. You must be able to quickly and deftly switch from running to another type of movement. For example, crawl under a hoop or rope, walk along a log, and then continue running without stopping, without changing direction. At a variable pace, you can offer different exercises.

SHUTTLE RUNNING. A wide, brisk stride alternates with a sharp stop at the end when moving in a straight line and frequent strides when cornering. Before changing direction, the pace is more frequent, the steps are shorter, the knees are more bent to maintain balance. Hand movements are natural, helping to move in a straight line and around corners.

RUNNING IN COMBINATION WITH CLIMBING under sticks, climbing into a hoop, jumping over, jumping up. Here you need to be able to slow down and speed up the pace of running before overcoming an obstacle.

RUNNING IN DIFFERENT NATURAL CONDITIONS develops the ability to apply the type of running that best suits these conditions, its pace and speed. Running on a winding track is different from running in a straight line, and running on sand requires a different technique and different effort than running on a dirt track.

By changing the conditions familiar to children, choosing different combinations of them, it is necessary to promote the development of a skill that is so necessary in life - to use the most effective type of running in accordance with surface conditions (ground, grassy, ​​asphalt track, running on sand, water, uphill).

In order for children to master different types of running, it is necessary to create appropriate conditions for them, teach them the basic elements of technology, offer games and exercises that include running.

Toddlers from 1.5 years old are more likely to run at an average pace with a ribbon, a car, a wheelchair. The guys run each at their own pace, alternate running with walking, stops, that is, as if natural breaks for rest. Some children are more active, mobile, often run on their own initiative. Others need to be activated, offer tasks to perform running movements, for example, to catch up with an adult, a peer, run to a tree, slide.

When teaching young children to run, the example of the educator is of great importance. Therefore, in exercises and games, the teacher performs the task together with the children, drawing their attention to the ease of running, coordination of movements. At the same time, he uses a game image, for example, run like mice.
When performing such imitative actions, it is not always necessary to show movements, but the teacher must be sure that the children understand and are familiar with the image proposed for imitation. Do not give children a lot of sometimes incomprehensible instructions, such as "raise your legs higher" or "move your arms harder."
Often this leads to the opposite result: the children begin to stomp, the run becomes heavy, abrupt, and the already emerging coordination of the movements of the arms and legs goes wrong. In order to keep kids interested in learning, it is advisable to offer game tasks more often - run to a toy, run up to a tree or stone, play outdoor games with running: “Sparrows and a car”, “Cat and mice”, etc.
In the future, when teaching older children to run, the teacher shows less himself, explains more, pays attention to those who run well (runs easily, rhythmically, correctly observing the running technique) and can serve as an example.
In order not to decrease interest in running, children of older groups should be offered additional tasks: change the pace or direction of running, quickly stop and continue running again, run around objects, alternate running with other movements - walking, climbing, jumping, etc.
Running with the introduction of additional tasks is most often carried out in such exercises as “Catch up with the ball”, “On the bridge”, “For high, for low”, “Stork, butterfly, frog”, “Run - do not drop”. The content of many of them includes running with catching and dodging, which affects the improvement of coordination of movements, running speed, and the development of dexterity.
To develop endurance, running at a uniform slow pace is useful. It is used with children of all age groups. For children of the first and second junior groups, the duration of the run is 30-60 s, for children of the older groups, the duration of the run increases to 2-3 minutes. This type of running is used in exercises and games with pronounced continuous motor activity. It is advisable to use a long slow run in the air, including it in the games "Pilots", "Cosmonauts", etc., and alternating with overcoming some obstacles (walk along a log, crawl under a rope, run up a hill and escape from it).

(E.N. Vavilova, “Learn to run, jump, climb, throw”, M., 1983)

Age	Features of the movement of children	Pedagogical requirements in teaching movement
Junior preschool age	Toddlers still cannot push off well from the ground, the floor, they run hard, their step is small, coordination of movements is not well developed for everyone. Collective running is difficult for children	Pay attention to the posture of children while running. The duration of the run in the younger groups is 30-40 seconds. Running should be alternated with other movements, as children get tired quickly. Pay attention to the ease of running, coordination of movements. It is advisable to teach running in small groups. Combine running with rest. Each child runs at their own pace, trying not to bump into others - when running in a flock in the indicated direction
Middle preschool age	Difficulty running in a group. Some children still step on the whole foot.	Pay special attention to the naturalness, ease of running, energetic repulsion, elastic foot placement, the ability to perform different types of running. As you master running, the requirements for technique increase.
senior preschool age	Relatively high level of coordination of movements, which makes it possible to perform complex exercises	Additional tasks are offered: change the pace or direction of running, quickly stop and continue running again, run around objects, alternate running with other types of movements - walking, jumping, etc. to achieve the correct running technique. The duration of the run is 2-3 minutes. The running distance is increased.

Technique for performing the main types of running in preschool age

Types of running	Execution technique
Regular run	Running is free, easy, with natural hand movements. arms are bent at the elbows, fingers are freely bent (but not clenched into fists). When running, the arms move forward - up to about the level of the chest somewhat inward, then they are retracted with the elbows back - to the sides. The leg bent at the knee is placed on the front of the foot. The body is slightly tilted forward, the head is in line with the body, the chest and shoulders are deployed.
Running on toes	The foot should be placed on the front of the foot, without touching the heel of the floor. The step is wide, the pace is fast. The movements of the hands are calm, relaxed, in time with the steps. Do not raise your hands high, you can put them on your belt.
Running high raising knees	Run, raising the leg bent at the knee at a right angle, placing it with a soft, elastic and at the same time quite energetic movement on the front of the foot. The step is short, the head is held high. Hands can be placed on the belt.
Running with a wide stride	Take wide strides, increasing thrust and flight time. Put the foot from the heel with a roll over the entire foot. Try to fully straighten the pushing leg, vigorously pushing off. Hand movements are free and sweeping.
Pull back running leg bent at the knee	The torso is tilted forward a little more than usual, hands on the belt. The leg bent at the knee is pulled back after the push (try to reach the buttock with the heel)
Cross step running	It is performed by overlapping almost straight legs: right - to the left, left - to the right
jumping run	It is performed energetically, with a wide sweeping movement. Push to do forward - up
Running at a fast pace	It is performed on the forefoot or on socks. The step is wide, swift. Hand movements are active, in time with running steps. Do energetic repulsions with a push leg, straightening it well. Move the fly leg forward - up. The body is tilted forward in the direction of movement, the head is in line with it. Shoulders deployed, not tense, look forward.
Slow run	Maintain a slow pace, do not speed it up and slow it down, run rhythmically. Take short steps, put your foot on the front of the foot or elastically from heel to toe. The movements of the hands are calm, the arms are bent at the elbows at waist level, the shoulders are slightly relaxed.
shuttle run	A wide, brisk stride alternates with a sharp stop at the end when moving in a straight line and frequent strides when cornering. Before changing direction, steps become more frequent and shorter, knees bent to maintain balance. Hand movements are natural, helping to move in a straight line and around a turn.

Children tend to lead a fairly active lifestyle, in which there is no minute of free time. For this reason, many adults consider it superfluous to participate in the child's sports life, which is already eventful. However, sometimes it is still worth thinking about quality at the expense of quantity, especially in the case of sports education. It's about running. Any child loves to run fast and play catch-up, but only a few do it right. And the wrong running technique, in turn, can adversely affect health. As a result, it is advisable to teach a child to run correctly so that this stage in his development becomes not only interesting, but also useful.

Running Basics

When a child learns to run, it is necessary to explain to him that the basis of any type of running, in accordance with which the speed and time indicators of training are determined. The rhythm of the movement is determined by the pace of the run itself:

1. Walking run. In this case, there should be 4 steps for inhalation and exhalation.
2. Moderate intensity run. As the pace accelerates, the ratio of steps decreases to 3.
3. Fast run. The maximum rate implies the fastest possible ventilation of the lungs. In this case, two steps should be enough for inhalation and exhalation.

Children, under school age must learn to run at a fast rhythmic pace with good upper and lower limb coordination. It is important to change the technical and typical components of running according to the existing conditions:

• on an uneven surface, the pace should be slow;
• when going uphill - running should be carried out through small steps, when going downhill - wide.

Run in a playful way require the ability to rapidly change pace and intensity. Correctly performed running is determined by a slight tilt of the body forward and a direct look. The movements of the bent arms and shoulders should be free, the fingers are in a half-bent position.

Types of running for children

A child can be taught the following running techniques that will be beneficial to his health:

1. Running with knees up

This kind of running is always combined with walking or a simple jog. The technical side is as follows:

• the leg in a bent position rises accordingly right angle, after which the toe of the foot is placed on the floor;
• step should be short;
• the head should be in a highly raised position, the body should be straight, slightly tilted back;
• hands should be on the belt.

The duration of this lesson is 10-20 seconds.

2. Running on toes

This technique involves the absence of touching the floor with the heels. Running is done with short steps. Hands should be in a raised position or located on the belt. The duration of the workout is similar to the previous one - 10-20 seconds.

3. Running with a wide stride

The essence of such a run is to increase the push and increase the duration of the flight. It looks like a child is jumping. This type of running makes it possible to use various gymnastic equipment in the form of sticks, balls and. In this case, a distance of 10-20 meters must be observed.

4. Running with the abduction of a bent leg

This running technique is also diluted with a classic run. After tilting forward, the leg in a bent position, at the end of the push, goes back. At the same time, it is necessary to deliver to the buttocks with the heel of the foot. The location of the hands is the belt. The duration of the training process is on average 15 seconds.

5. Cross running

The lower limbs in an almost straight position are overwhelmed by the intersection. When produced, the foot should be involved.

6. Running with jumps

Such a run is performed at an energetic pace, accompanied by wide movements. The push is performed in the upper and forward directions.

7. Fast run

The workout is characterized by a fast pace with wide and fast strides. In this case, the body should be directed forward. It is important to observe the direct position of the head, as well as the deployment and the absence of tension in the shoulders. The pushing leg, after repulsion, is fully extended, and the swinging leg is extended in the upper-front direction. Hands should make active movements, coinciding with the beat of the legs.

Fast running is relevant x. Its duration can be 8 seconds. Repetitions can be done up to 5 times, alternating them with rest.

The benefits of running

And in the end, I want to draw, which running carries for the child's body:

1. The respiratory system is developing.
2. The volume of the lungs increases.
3. going on

Lyubov Nikolaeva
Master class "Methods of teaching preschool children the main types of movement: running"

Methods of teaching preschool children the main types of movement: run.

What is running?

A characteristic sign of running, which distinguishes it from walking, is the phase "flight"- unsupported position of the body after pushing off the ground with the foot. The work of the hands when running is also somewhat different from walking.: they are bent at the elbows, and their swing is more energetic. When running, the load on the muscular apparatus, especially on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, is much greater than when walking. While running junior preschoolers often you can observe a small, mincing step, a significant spread of the arms to the sides, sometimes the child presses his hands to the body or keeps them down. Majority children 3-4 years old run on half-bent legs, put the foot on the support from the heel or on the whole foot. Weakness of the muscles of the musculoskeletal system does not allow them to perform a full repulsion (with full extension of the legs in knee joints) and put your feet on the support from the toe. In that age it is necessary to teach the child energetic movement arms bent at the elbows while running, develop the ability to run at a uniform pace; run around objects placed on the floor (cubes, boxes, pebbles, etc., do not bump into each other. Starting from 5 years old, the main goal in teaching running is to teach children put the foot off the toe. In this case, the child should keep the torso even, with a slight forward inclination, the thigh of the fly leg is vigorously extended forward - up; arms bent at the elbows perform energetic movements in accordance with the work of the legs, the feet are placed in parallel.

A variety of preparatory exercises help to master the skill of running:

a) running with high hips, "like a horse";

b) running with stepping over cubes, bumps, etc.;

c) running along "bumps" (circles drawn on the ground at a distance of 60-80 cm from each other) etc.

In that age it is also important to develop the ability to quickly respond to sudden signals from an adult (start and end a run, stop on a signal, make turns while running). In senior preschool age it is recommended to practice running with acceleration up to maximum speed. While running, make sure that the child runs in a straight line, vigorously performs movements arms bent at the elbows and actively put the foot off the toe. Of great importance for improving the skill of running in preschoolers of all age groups have mobile games with catching and running away (younger groups, racing, with competition in speed and agility in relay games, where children can show their speed abilities.

Duration of running at an average speed:

6-7 years - up to 30-35 sec.

Children 3-4 years old can run at a maximum speed of up to 15m. 5-6 years - up to 20-25m.

7 years - up to 30-35 m.

For the formation and improvement of running skills in preschoolersrecommend the following exercises:

socks running, "like a fox";

with high hips "like a horse";

with an attack on the lines drawn on the ground at a distance of 60-80 cm;

running with a change in pace and direction;

with stops at the signal of an adult;

running around items(cubes, balls, cones);

race run (two - three) - "Who is faster";

running with rolling the hoop on the ground with pushes of the palm;

running with a rope, rotating it forward, etc.

1.2. Types of running.

There are different types of running. In sports practice, running is divided depending on the length of the distance.:

sprint (60-100 m,

middle distance running (400-1000 m,

long-distance running (from 2000 m,

marathon run.

Besides, distinguish running:

cross;

with obstacles;

hurdling.

In recent years, running at a low pace (jogging, used for recreational purposes) has gained particular popularity.

Types of running and running exercises differ in execution technique. The educator should know these features in order to prevent errors, correct them easier and faster, correctly identify tasks and teaching methodology.

Regular run.

The correct technique for such a run is considered: the ability to run freely, easily, with natural hand movements. The arms are bent at the elbows, the fingers are freely bent (but not clenched into fists). When running hands are moving forward-up to approximately the level of the chest somewhat inward, then they are retracted with the elbows back - to the sides. When running in small steps, the leg slightly bent at the knee is placed on the front of the foot. With wider running steps, the leg is placed from the heel, followed by an elastic lowering to the entire foot. When pushing off, you need to straighten your leg at the knee. The toes of the feet are not bred to the sides. The torso is slightly tilted forward, the head is in line with it, the chest and shoulders are deployed, do not turn the shoulders following the hand, so as not to cause excessive rotation of the torso.

Normal running at an average pace is widely used for learning some elements of technique, the skills of correct coordinated movements. With this kind of running, children can better control their movements, feel them well, can make adjustments to their actions.

Regular running can be done in various formations:

One by one in a column;

Round;

-"snake" etc.

Approximate running time increases gradually, from 10-15 s in the younger groups, in the older ones up to 35-40 s (repeated 2-4 times intermittently).

For children 6-7 years old at the end of the school year, the duration of the run can be within 1 minute, since during the year children master the elements of the correct running technique, their functional training grows.

Sock running.

The foot should be placed on the front of the foot, without touching the heel of the floor. The step is short, the pace is fast. Hand movements are calm, relaxed, in time with the steps, do not raise them high, you can put your hands on your belt.

Running with high knees.

Run, lifting the leg bent at the knee at a right angle, putting it on the floor soft, elastic and at the same time quite energetic movement on the front of the foot. The step is short, with little moving forward. The body is straight and slightly tilted back, the head is held high. Hands can be placed on the belt. Alternate with regular running or walking.

Run with a wide stride.

Take wide strides, increasing thrust and flight time (as if jumping over an imaginary obstacle). Put the foot from the heel with a roll over the entire foot. Try to fully straighten the pushing leg, vigorously pushing off. movements hands free and sweeping.

Running with the leg bent at the knee back.

The torso is tilted forward a little more than usual, hands on the belt. The leg bent at the knee is retracted after the push (try to reach the buttock with the heel). Alternate with regular running, while relaxing your legs a little more, giving them rest.

Walking with a cross step.

Perform with an overlap of almost straight legs: right - left, left - right. The leg is placed on the foot.

Jumping run.

Performed vigorously, with a wide sweeping movement. Push forward and up.

The duration of continuous running on toes, with a high raising of the knees, with the leg bent at the knee pulled back is short (10-20 s). As a rule, these types of running are repeated 2-3 times, alternating each type with regular running or walking. Running with a wide step is given at a distance of 10-12 m. For this run, you can use various landmarks - lines, cords, flat hoops, stuffed balls.

Running at a fast pace.

It is performed on the forefoot or on socks. The step is wide, swift. Active hand movements, in time with the running steps. Do energetic repulsions with a push leg, straightening it well. Move the fly leg forward and upward. Trunk tilted forward movements, head with him on the same line. Shoulders deployed, not tense, look forward. Fast running is most often used in games with competitive elements. The duration of such a run is small - 5-8 s. However, alternating with natural stops - rest, it can be repeated 4-5 times.

Slow run.

Recently gained great popularity, in mostly as a means of developing general endurance, increasing the functional capabilities of the body. In this run, one must be able to maintain a low pace, not speed it up or slow it down, run rhythmically. Take short steps, put your foot on the front of the foot or elastically from heel to toe. Hand movements are calm, arms bent at the elbows at waist level, shoulders slightly relaxed.

Run at a variable pace.

Used in combination with others movements. The main task at learning this type of running - to teach children choose the pace and type of running that best matches the content of the task. So, if the run ends with a jump or a long jump, then you do not need to slow down the pace before the push, but immediately move from the last step of the run to an energetic push up or forward. You must be able to quickly and deftly switch from running to another type movements. For example, crawl under a hoop or rope, walk along a log, and then continue running without stopping, without changing direction. At a variable pace, you can offer different exercises.

Shuttle run.

A wide stride alternating with a sharp deceleration at the end when movement in a straight line and with frequent steps on turns. Before changing direction, the pace is more frequent, the steps are shorter, the knees are more bent to maintain balance. Hand movements are natural helping movement in a straight line and on turns.

Running combined with crawling, jumping, jumping up.

Here you need to be able to slow down and speed up the pace of running before overcoming an obstacle.

Running in different natural conditions develops the ability to apply the type of running that best suits these conditions, its pace and speed. Running on a winding track is different from running in a straight line, and running on sand requires a different technique and different effort than running on a dirt track. Changing habitual children conditions, choosing different combinations of them, it is necessary to contribute to the development of a skill that is so necessary in life - to use the most effective type of running in accordance with the surface conditions (dirt, grassy, ​​asphalt track, running on sand, water, uphill and downhill).

When running uphill, the foot is placed on the toe, the step is short, the body is tilted forward. When running, the leg is placed on the entire foot or from heel to toe, the legs are more bent at the knees, the body is slightly tilted back.

When running up and down the board, laid at an angle, the feet are placed close to each other, the socks are not spread apart, the balance is maintained hand movements.

preschoolers show great interest in games with dynamic movements(walking, running, jumping, climbing, balance, etc.). They like to catch up with each other, run away from the driver. Gradually they become interested in the results of their actions.: to hit the ball on the target, it is easy to jump over the "brook". However, it is not recommended to play games with complex types of movements(jumping, climbing) until preschoolers won't master them. First they are taught how to do it right. movement and then spend the game where it is leading movement. Total duration outdoor games for children of this age group is no more than 8-10 minutes.

Yu. A. Kirillova notes that mobile outdoor games and exercises are a universal and indispensable means of physical education children. Games use natural movements,human: running, jumping, throwing, etc. Outdoor games and exercises are the best medicine for children from motor hunger - hypodynamia, since children are about 70-80 percent of the time spent in preschool the institution is carried out in a static sitting position. Adequate physical activity and fresh air improve health children, contribute to the prevention of respiratory, colds. To achieve the goal of the educational direction - to provide movement training and motor actions, for the development of physical qualities that guarantee the comprehensive and harmonious development of the child, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

1. Organize (as much as possible) process learning in natural conditions.

2. To create conditions for independent cognition of the surrounding reality in the motor sphere with the help of one's own efforts in the process of solving motor problems.

3. Contribute in the process learning motor actions in the development of the emotional sphere.

4. Pay the most serious attention to the formulation of particular problems in learning individual motor actions, formation and improvement of new motor skills in the applied, sports direction.

Concrete and correct formulation of particular problems in learninga separate motor action is ensured by compliance with the following provisions:

In order to achieve the desired result with movement training and motor actions;

Detailed in relation to the features of actions that are subject of study;

Individualized according to the possibilities learners depending on their age, gender, personality characteristics and level of preparedness;

In a certain sequence, set by the objective laws of the formation of a motor action and the logic of the educational process.

When planning this training, it is necessary to proceed from the following principles:

the main task is to improve health children(accounting physical activity selection of physical exercises);

systematic and consistent (conducting classes, which contributes to the development of a motor skill, and then a motor dynamic stereotype).

Practice shows that the classes conducted in kindergarten according to the structural scheme (introductory, main, final part) do not always bring the desired result.

L. Anufrieva offers this form of organization preschoolers, at which daily 30-minute general physical training is carried out. It should be taken out for a walk, thereby unloading physical education.

Each game should give the greatest motor and emotional effect. Therefore, you should not pick up games with unfamiliar children. movements so as not to slow down game actions. The motor content of the games must be consistent with the conditions of the game. Regulates the choice of the game and its place in the daily routine. More dynamic games are advisable on the first walk, especially if it was preceded by classes with significant mental stress and a monotonous body position. For preschool children mobile games are a vital necessity. Most effective for improvement various kinds walking and running mobile games and relay games. They are used to solve a wide variety of tasks.: educational, educational and health-improving. During the games, they create favorable conditions for the development and improvement of motor skills children, formation moral qualities as well as habits and skills of life in a team.

Fun starts to consolidate various types of running.

2 teams of 6 people are recruited for fun starts. Team captains are selected. Participants come up with a team name.

1. Relay №1. "Who will run the snake faster." Participants run to the landmark with a snake, running around the skittles, back as well.

2. Relay №2. On two legs, jump into hoops, climb through the hoop sideways, run around the landmark and back as well.

3. Relay №3. Running with an overlap of the lower leg.

4. Relay №4. The participant runs to the hoop, in which there are cubes according to the number of people in the team, takes one cube, runs to the basket, puts it and runs back. Whose team will collect the cubes the fastest, that one wins.

5. Relay №5. 2 people per team stand face to face. Together they put a hoop on the belt. You need to run at a gallop to the landmark and back. Who is faster.

6. 7. Relay №7. Jumping over the caterpillar, crawl under the arc, run to the landmark and return.

mobile game"Fast and agile".

Hoops are laid out around the hall according to the number of people. The instructor sets the pace with a tambourine fast or slow. Children run around the room at the right pace. When the tambourine stops sounding. Children who are faster must jump into the hoop one at a time. Who did not have time, sits down on the gymnastic bench, and they become fans. Then a few hoops are removed, the game continues. When one person remains, he becomes the winner.