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MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE UNION SSR RULES FOR WEARING MILITARY UNIFORMS BY SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY SERVANTS Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR 250 Section I. BASIC PROVISIONS Section II. UNIFORM OF SOVIET ARMY SERVANTS. Chapter 1. Uniform of marshals and generals of the Soviet Army Chapter 2. Uniform of officers, warrant officers and long-term servicemen of the Soviet Army Chapter 3. Uniform of clothing

MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE UNION SSR RULES FOR WEARING MILITARY UNIFORMS BY SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY SERVANTS Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR 250 Section I. BASIC PROVISIONS Section II. UNIFORM OF SOVIET ARMY SERVANTS. Chapter 1. Marshals' clothing Soviet Union, army generals, marshals of military branches and generals of the Soviet Army Chapter 2. Uniform of officers, warrant officers and long-term military personnel

MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE UNION SSR RULES FOR WEARING MILITARY UNIFORMS BY SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY SERVANTS Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR 191 Section I. GENERAL PROVISIONS Section II. MILITARY UNIFORM Chapter 1. Uniform of Marshals of the Soviet Union, marshals of military branches and generals of the Soviet Army Chapter 2. Uniform of officers and sergeants of long-term service of the Soviet Army Chapter 3. Uniform of female officers

MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE UNION SSR RULES FOR WEARING MILITARY UNIFORMS BY SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY SERVICEMEN in peacetime I. GENERAL PROVISIONS II. MILITARY UNIFORMS Uniforms of marshals of the Soviet Union, marshals of military branches and generals of the Soviet Army Uniforms of admirals and generals of the Navy Uniforms of officers of the Soviet Army Uniforms of female officers of the Soviet Army

MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE USSR RULES FOR WEARING MILITARY UNIFORM BY SERGEANTS, Sergeants-Major, SOLDIERS, SAILORS, CADETS AND TRAINERS OF THE SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY IN PEACETIME Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR. General provisions. Uniform for long-term service sergeants. Uniform for conscript sergeants and long-term and conscript soldiers. Uniform for military school cadets. Suvorov students' clothing uniform

MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE USSR RULES FOR WEARING MILITARY UNIFORM BY MARSHALS OF THE SOVIET UNION, ADMIRALS OF THE SOVIET UNION FLEET, MARSHALS, GENERALS, ADMIRALS AND OFFICERS OF THE SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY FOR PEACETIME Order of the Minister of Defense USSR. General provisions. Uniforms of marshals of the Soviet Union, marshals of military branches and generals of the ground forces Uniforms of marshals and military generals air force Dress

NAVAL MINISTRY OF THE UNION OF THE USSR RULES FOR WEARING NAVAL UNIFORM, ORDERS AND MEDALS BY MILITARY SERVANTS OF THE NAVAL FORCES. NAVAL PUBLISHING HOUSE OF THE NAVAL MINISTRY OF THE UNION OF THE USSR. Moscow-1952 Order of the Naval Minister of the USSR Chapter I General provisions Chapter II Types of naval uniforms and their use Chapter III On wearing items of naval uniform Chapter IV Wearing sportswear and civilian clothes

Continuity and innovation in modern military heraldry The first official military heraldic sign was established on January 27, 1997 by Presidential Decree Russian Federation the emblem of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the form of a golden double-headed eagle with outstretched wings holding a sword in its paws, as the most common symbol of the armed defense of the Fatherland, and a wreath a symbol of the special importance, significance and honor of military labor. This emblem was established to indicate ownership

Military uniform Soviet army items of uniform and equipment for military personnel of the Soviet Army, formerly called the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army and the Red Army, as well as the Rules for wearing them in the period from 1918 to 1991, established by the highest government bodies for the personnel of the Soviet Army. Article 1. Military personnel on active duty have the right to wear military uniforms. military service in the Soviet Army and Navy, Suvorovites,

The military uniform, which includes all items of uniform, equipment, and insignia established by the highest government bodies for the personnel of the state’s armed forces, not only makes it possible to determine the affiliation of military personnel to the types and branches of the military, but also to distinguish them by military rank. The uniform disciplines military personnel, unites them into a single military team, helps to improve their organization and strict performance of military duties.

Oleg Volkov, senior reserve lieutenant, former commander of the T-55 tank, gunner of the 1st class gun. We have been waiting for her for so long. Three long years. They waited from the very minute they exchanged their civilian clothes for soldier's uniforms. All this time she came to us in our dreams, during breaks between exercises, shooting at firing ranges, studying materiel, outfits, drill training and other numerous army duties. We are Russians, Tatars, Bashkirs, Uzbeks, Moldovans, Ukrainians,

1. KACK TRAVELING EQUIPMENT OF A FIGHTER - INFANTRY RIFLE The marching equipment of Fig. 5-9 of the fighter - infantry shooter is divided into a full camping equipment, when all the equipment is taken with you, including a backpack with a rack, and b Assault, when a backpack with a rack of wearables no reserves are taken. ASSEMBLY AND FITTING ASSAULT EQUIPMENT Put the following items on the waist belt in sequence order, winding them up

INSTRUCTIONS FOR FITTING, ASSEMBLY AND SAVING UNIFIED MARKING EQUIPMENT OF THE RKKA MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL order of the USSR RVS 183 1932 1. General provisions 1. The uniform equipment of the command personnel of the ground and air forces of the Red Army is supplied for supply in one size, designed for the greatest growth of the command personnel and wear on top overcoats and warm workwear, leather clothing, fur clothing with waist and shoulder belts in three sizes 1

MAIN QUARTERMAN DIRECTORATE OF THE RED ARMY INSTRUCTIONS FOR LAYING, FIT, ASSEMBLY AND WEARING MARKING EQUIPMENT OF THE RED ARMY INFANTRY FIGHTER MILITARY PUBLISHING DATE NPO USSR - 1941 CONTENTS I. General provisions II. Types of equipment and composition of the kit III. Equipment fit IV. Stowing equipment V. Making an overcoat roll VI. Assembling equipment VII. Procedure for donning equipment VIII. Instructions for operating equipment IX.

So, the unloading system of the Soviet motorized rifle of the 1950 model is a system of a field belt and a soldier’s field belt for conveniently carrying equipment when performing combat training missions. In common parlance it is called unloading. The field belt is canvas, covered with brown polystyrene and has a galvanized buckle, sometimes mistakenly called a construction battalion belt, but this is incorrect - this is a field belt model 1950. The soldier's belt consists of

1 Uniform of junior command, junior commanding and enlisted personnel of the Red Army Air Force, 1936. Summer casual uniform 1. Cap 2. Rolled overcoat 3. Tunic 4. Summer bloomers 5. Boots or boots with leggings 6. Waist belt Winter casual uniform 1. Dark gray cloth helmet 2. Overcoat 3. Tunic 4. Cloth trousers

Each army has its own system of military ranks. Moreover, rank systems are not something frozen, established once and for all. Some titles are abolished, others are introduced. Those who are at all seriously interested in the art of war and science need to know not only the entire system of military ranks of a particular army, but also to know how the ranks of different armies correlate, what ranks of one army correspond to the ranks of another army. There is a lot of confusion in the existing literature on these issues,

Private 1939 Private Infantry 1939 At the start of World War II, the Soviet Union had the largest army in Europe, estimated at 1.8 million. Supplying such a mass of people with uniforms and equipment was a truly monumental task, and so government factories could only maintain tried and tested methods that guaranteed a steady supply. As a result, the majority of Soviet soldiers wore uniforms

Lieutenant 1941 Air Force Lieutenant 1941 This fighter pilot wears a pre-war leather flight coat and flight helmet. Pay attention to the insignia on the buttonholes. Junior officers wore red enamel squares, lieutenant two squares, and a propeller with wings emblem. By the time the Germans invaded the territory of the USSR, the Red Army Air Force was experiencing a painful reorganization; the commanders tried to find

Sailor 1939 Navy Sailor 1939 The uniform of the USSR Navy as a whole differed little from the clothing of sailors of other countries, although it had two distinctive features. Firstly, only in the Soviet Navy did senior officers wear a traditional uniform with a cap, and secondly, the naval uniform combined blue and black colors. The officers wore a black uniform, which included a cap, jacket with a white shirt and black

Front-line soldier Corporal 1 in a 1943 model uniform. Rank insignia from the buttonholes was transferred to shoulder straps. The SSh-40 helmet became widespread since 1942. At about the same time, submachine guns began to arrive in large quantities to the troops. This corporal is armed with a 7.62 mm Shpagin submachine gun - PPSh-41 - with a 71-round drum magazine. Spare magazines in pouches on the waist belt next to a pouch for three hand grenades. In 1944, along with the drum

Military uniform is clothing established by rules or special decrees, the wearing of which is mandatory for any military unit and for each branch of the military. The form symbolizes the function of its wearer and his affiliation with the organization. The stable phrase honor of the uniform means military or generally corporate honor. Even in the Roman army, soldiers were given the same weapons and armor. In the Middle Ages, it was customary to depict the coat of arms of a city, kingdom or feudal lord on shields,

Organs and troops of the GPU 1922 - Valery Kulikov Employees of the Transport Department of the GPU 1922 - Valery Kulikov Organs of the GPU - OGPU 1923 - Valery Kulikov Troops of the GPU - OGPU 1923 - Valery Kulikov Employees of the Transport Department of the GPU 1923 - Valery Kulikov Organs and troops of the OGPU 1924 year - Valery Kulikov Employees of the Main Directorate of NKVD camps 1936 - Andrey

In the North Caucasus, three types of Cossack units were stationed and carried out military service: Terek, Kuban and Don. In 1936 By order of the USSR NKO 67, a special dress uniform was established for these units. For the Terek and Kuban Cossacks it consisted of a kubanka, a beshmet, a Circassian coat with a hood, a burka, trousers and Caucasian boots. The Don Cossacks wore a hat, a Cossack jacket, trousers and boots as their dress uniform.

Camouflage clothing appeared in the Red Army back in 1936, although experiments began 10 years earlier, but it became widespread only during the war. Initially, these were camouflage suits and capes with spotted colors and spots in the shape of amoebas and were secretly called amoeba four color ranges summer, spring-autumn, desert and mountainous areas. In a separate row are white camouflage coats for winter camouflage. Much more mass produced.

Types of fabrics used for sewing uniforms of the Red Army. Name, article Fabric composition Color Application Diagonal merino art. 1408 khaki wool, steel, dark and light blue uniforms, jackets and breeches of generals Gabardine merino art. 1311 khaki wool, steel, dark and light blue uniforms, tunics and breeches of generals

In the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army of the Red Army in summer time wore ankle boots, also known as shoes and boots, in the cold winter time felt boots were issued. In winter, senior command personnel could wear burka winter boots. The choice of shoes depended on the rank of the serviceman; officers were always entitled to boots and on the position they held. Before the war, many improvements and changes took place in the field

Summer uniform of the Red Army for the period 1940-1943. SUMMER GYMNASTER FOR COMMAND AND MANAGEMENT STAFF OF THE RED ARMY Introduced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR 005 of February 1, 1941. The summer tunic is made of khaki cotton fabric with a turn-down collar fastened with one hook. At the ends of the collar, khaki-colored buttonholes with insignia are sewn. The gymnast has a chest plate with a clasp

PILOT Introduced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR 176 of December 3, 1935. The cap for command personnel is made of woolen fabric, similar to the French tunic. The color of the cap for air force command personnel is blue, for the command staff of auto armor tank troops steel, for everyone else khaki. The cap consists of a cap and two sides. The cap is made on a cotton lining, and the sides are made of two layers of main fabric. Front

Order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR 005 dated February 1, 1941 introduced a new Standard List of items of clothing that make up the attire of junior commanders and rank and file of the Red Army for summer and winter in peacetime and war time. FOR EMPLOYEES IN SUMMER IN PEACETIME I. Uniform 1. Khaki cloth cap. 2. Khaki cotton cap only in combat units for field training. 3. Gray cloth overcoat

The clothing of military personnel is established by decrees, orders, rules or special regulations. Wearing a naval uniform is mandatory for military personnel of the state armed forces and other formations where military service is provided. In the Russian armed forces there are a number of accessories that were in the naval uniform of the times of the Russian Empire. These include shoulder straps, boots, long overcoats with buttonholes

TABLE OF RANKS USSR MILITARY SERVICE 1935-1945 1935 1 By the Decree of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR dated September 22, 1935, on the introduction of personal military ranks of the commanding staff of the Red Army and on the approval of the regulations on serving as command and command personnel of the Red Army for military personnel of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, command and special military ranks of commander were established composition Military ranks of command and control personnel of land and air forces

By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic 572 of April 3, 1920, sleeve insignia of the Red Army were introduced. Detailed analysis history of patches and chevrons of the Red Army of all periods in the Voenpro material. Introduction of sleeve insignia of the Red Army stages, features, symbolism Distinctive sleeve insignia are used to identify military personnel of certain branches of the military. To better understand the specifics of the sleeve insignia of the Red Army and the chevrons of the Red Army, we recommend

Black Death is what German soldiers called the Soviet marines dressed in black pea coats during World War II. And the Germans perceived the incomprehensible battle cry of the half-under as fall under. When the Marines were dressed in a combined arms uniform, the soldiers kept their vests and caps and went into the attack wide open and wearing bellies, biting the ribbons in their teeth. Let the enemies see who they are dealing with. History of the Marine Corps Already in the second half of the 16th century, as part of ship crews

The first mass-produced Soviet steel helmet, the SSh-36, appeared in the Red Army in 1936, and by the end of the year it became obvious that it had a lot of shortcomings. The most important of them were the fragility of steel and low bullet resistance in bending areas. Attempts to improve the helmet led to the appearance of a number of experimental models, some of which underwent military testing. Red Army soldiers at the parade wearing steel helmets SSh-36. http forum.guns.ru In June

Metal helmets, widely used in the armies of the world long before our era, had lost their usefulness by the 18th century. protective value due to the proliferation of firearms. By period Napoleonic Wars in European armies they were used primarily by heavy cavalry as protective equipment. Throughout the 19th century, military hats protected their owners, at best, from cold, heat or precipitation. The return to service of steel helmets, or

The abundance of uniforms and equipment accepted for supply in the Red Army led to the fact that tankers, even within the same military unit or unit, could be equipped differently. The commanders of the light tanks of the Red Army and the Wehrmacht shown in the photo look like thousands of tankers looked on the first day of the war. Whenever possible, the most common variants of uniforms and equipment are indicated in the descriptions, but, of course, the material cannot claim to be exhaustive.

The image shows two Red Army infantrymen, a Red Army soldier on June 22, 1941, and a victorious sergeant on May 9, 1945. Even from the photo you can see how uniforms and equipment were simplified over time; some turned out to be too expensive to manufacture in wartime, some did not catch on, some were not liked by the soldiers and were removed from supply. On the contrary, individual elements of equipment were spied on by the enemy or taken as trophies. It's not all about item placement

Afghan is a slang name used by some military personnel to name a set of field summer winter uniforms for military personnel of the Armed Forces of the USSR, and later the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and the CIS countries. The field one was later used as an everyday uniform due to poor supply of military uniforms for the military personnel of the Soviet Army and the USSR Navy, marines, coastal missile and artillery troops and the naval air force, in the initial period it was used in SAVO and OKSVA

Until the end of the 70s, the field uniform of the KGB PV was not much different from that of the Soviet Ground Army. Unless it’s green shoulder straps and buttonholes, and the more frequent and widespread use of KLMK camouflage summer camouflage suit. At the end of the 70s, in terms of the development and implementation of special field uniforms, some changes occurred, which resulted in the appearance of summer and winter field suits of a hitherto unusual cut. 1.

In 1985, by Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR 145-84, a new field uniform was introduced, the same for all categories of military personnel, which received the common name Afghanka. It was the first to be received by units and units located on the territory of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. In 1988 In 1988, Order of the USSR Ministry of Defense 250 dated March 4, 1988 introduced the wearing of a dress uniform by soldiers, sergeants and cadets without a jacket in a green shirt. From left to right

From left to right Summer parade of marshals and generals except the Air Force - for the formation. The winter parade of marshals and generals except the Air Force is out of order. Summer parade of marshals and generals of the Air Force - for and out of formation. Summer ceremonial dress for marshals and generals in the Air Force - blue cap and trousers. Summer casual for marshals and generals - out-of-order trousers. Summer field marshals and generals

Official insignia of the Red Army military personnel of 1919-1921. With the coming of the Russian Communist Party to power in November 1917, the new leaders of the country, based on the thesis of K. Marx about replacing the regular army with the universal armament of the working people, began active work to eliminate the imperial army of Russia. In particular, on December 16, 1917, by the decrees of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars on the elective principle and organization of power in the army and on the equal rights of all military personnel, all military ranks

Insignia of Red Army military personnel by rank, 1935-40. The period under consideration covers the time from September 1935 to November 1940. By the Decree of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR dated September 22, 1935, personal military ranks were established for all military personnel, which strictly correlated with the positions held. Each position has a specific title. A serviceman may have a rank lower than that specified for a given position, or corresponding. But he can't get

Insignia and buttonholes of the Red Army 1924-1943. The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army is abbreviated as the RKKA, the term Soviet Army SA appeared later, the beginning of the Second World War, oddly enough, was met in a military uniform of the 1925 model. The People's Commissariat of Defense, by its order of December 3, 1935, introduced new uniforms and insignia. The old official ranks were partially retained for military-political, military-technical.

PERSONAL MILITARY RANKS OF MILITARY SERVANTS 1935-1945 PERSONAL MILITARY RANKS OF MILITARY SERVANTS OF THE GROUND AND SEA FORCES OF THE RKKA 1935-1940 Introduced by resolutions of the Council of People's Commissars 2590 for the ground and air forces of the Red Army and 2591 for the naval forces of the Red Army KKA dated September 22, 1935. Declared by order of the People's Commissar of Defense 144 of September 26, 1935. Rank and command personnel Political composition

On January 6, 1943, shoulder straps were introduced in the USSR for personnel of the Soviet Army. Initially, shoulder straps had a practical meaning. With their help, the belt of the cartridge bag was held on. Therefore, at first there was only one shoulder strap, on the left shoulder, since the cartridge bag was worn on the right side. In most of the world's navies, shoulder straps were not used, and rank was indicated by stripes on the sleeve; sailors did not wear a cartridge bag. In Russia shoulder straps

Uniforms of the Red Army Headdresses of the Red Army Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia Sleeve insignia

This attribute of military equipment has earned its rightful place among others, thanks to its simplicity, unpretentiousness and, most importantly, complete irreplaceability. The name helmet itself comes from the French casque or from the Spanish casco skull, helmet. If you believe the encyclopedias, then this term refers to a leather or metal headdress used to protect the head by military and other categories of persons operating in dangerous conditions by miners,

Title From Bogatyrka to Frunzevka There is a version in journalism that Budenovka was developed back in the First world war In such helmets, the Russians were supposed to march in a victory parade through Berlin. However, no confirmed evidence of this has been found. But the documents clearly show the history of the competition for the development of uniforms for the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. The competition was announced on May 7, 1918, and on December 18, the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic approved a sample of a winter headdress - a helmet,

June 3, 1946 in accordance with the resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, signed by J.V. Stalin, the Airborne Troops were withdrawn from the Air Force and subordinated directly to the Ministry of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Paratroopers at the November 1951 parade in Moscow. The sleeve insignia on the right sleeve of those walking in the first rank is visible. The resolution ordered the Chief of Logistics of the USSR Armed Forces, together with the Commander of the Airborne Forces, to prepare proposals

The emblem of the Airborne Forces - in the form of a parachute surrounded by two aircraft - is known to everyone. It became the basis for the subsequent development of all symbols of airborne units and formations. This sign is not only an expression of the serviceman’s belonging to the winged infantry, but also a kind of symbol of the spiritual unity of all paratroopers. But few people know the name of the author of the emblem. And this was the work of Zinaida Ivanovna Bocharova, a beautiful, intelligent, hardworking girl who worked as a leading draftsman at the headquarters of the Airborne Forces

Backpack of a Red Army soldier 1. BACK MARKING EQUIPMENT OF A FIGHTER - INFANTRY RIFLE Marching equipment Fig. 5-9 of a fighter - infantry arrow is divided into a full traveling equipment, when all the equipment is taken with you, including a backpack with a layout, and b Assault, when a backpack It is not taken into account when laying out portable supplies. ASSEMBLY AND FITTING ASSAULT EQUIPMENT Put the following items on the waist belt in order of sequence:

INSTRUCTIONS FOR FITTING, ASSEMBLY AND SAVING UNIFIED MARKING EQUIPMENT OF THE RKKA MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL order of the USSR RVS 183 1932 1. General provisions 1. The uniform equipment of the command personnel of the ground and air forces of the Red Army is supplied for supply in one size, designed for the greatest growth of the command personnel and wear on top overcoats and warm workwear, leather uniforms, fur clothing with waist and shoulder belts in three sizes 1 size, namely 1 Equipment

From buttonholes to shoulder straps P. Lipatov Uniforms and insignia of the ground forces of the Red Army, internal troops of the NKVD and border troops during the Great Patriotic War Patriotic War The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army of the Red Army entered the Second World War in a 1935-style uniform. Around the same time, the Wehrmacht soldiers acquired their familiar appearance. In 1935, by order of the People's Commissariat of Defense of December 3, new uniforms and insignia were introduced for all personnel of the Red Army

The Soviet system of insignia is unique. This practice cannot be found in the armies of other countries of the world, and it was, perhaps, the only innovation of the communist government; the rest of the order was copied from the rules of the army insignia of Tsarist Russia. The insignia of the first two decades of the existence of the Red Army were buttonholes, which were later replaced by shoulder straps. The rank was determined by the shape of the figures: triangles, squares, rhombuses under a star,

They do not emit a warlike roar, they do not sparkle with a polished surface, they are not decorated with embossed coats of arms and plumes, and quite often they are generally hidden under jackets. However, today, without this armor, unsightly in appearance, it is simply unthinkable to send soldiers into battle or ensure the safety of VIPs. Body armor is clothing that prevents bullets from penetrating the body and, therefore, protects a person from shots. It is made from materials that dissipate

In the last century, during the Soviet Union, there was highest rank Generalissimo. However, during the entire existence of the Soviet Union, not a single person was awarded this title except Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin. The proletarian people themselves asked for this man to be awarded the highest military rank for all his services to the Motherland. This happened after the unconditional surrender of Nazi Germany in 1945. Soon the working people asked for such an honor

We will have to start the story about the introduction of insignia in the Soviet army with some general questions. In addition, a short excursion into the history of the Russian state will be useful so as not to formulate empty references to the past. The shoulder straps themselves represent a kind of product that is worn on the shoulders to indicate a position or rank, as well as the type of military service and service affiliation. This is done in several ways: attaching strips, sprockets, making gaps, chevrons.

The era, a couple of decades long, which begins after the Bolsheviks came to power, was marked by numerous changes in the life of the once former Empire. The reorganization of almost all structures of peaceful and military activities turned out to be a rather lengthy and controversial process. In addition, from the course of history we know that immediately after the revolution, Russia was overwhelmed by a bloody civil war, which was not without intervention. It is difficult to imagine that initially the ranks

The entire period of the existence of the USSR can be divided into several stages based on various epoch-making events. As a rule, changes in the political life of the state lead to a number of fundamental changes, including in the army. The pre-war period, which is limited to 1935-1940, went down in history as the birth of the Soviet Union, and special attention should be paid not only to the state of the material part of the armed forces, but also to the organization of the hierarchy in management. Before the beginning of this period there was

Even during World War II, squads of Marines struck terror into German soldiers. Since then, the latter have been given a second name: black death or black devils, indicating inevitable reprisals against those who encroach on the integrity of the state. Perhaps this nickname has something to do with the fact that the infantryman wore a black peacoat. Only one thing is known for certain: if the enemy is afraid, then this is already the lion’s share of victory, and, as you know, the motto is considered a symbol of the Marine Corps

Considering all the stages of the creation of the Russian armed forces, it is necessary to dive deeply into history, and although during the time of the principalities there is no talk of the Russian empire, and even less of a regular army, the emergence of such a concept as defense capability begins precisely from this era. In the 13th century, Rus' was represented by separate principalities. Although their military squads were armed with swords, axes, spears, sabers and bows, they could not serve as reliable protection against outside attacks. United Army

Even before the First World War, a uniform appeared in the Russian army, consisting of khaki trousers, a tunic shirt, an overcoat and boots. We have seen it more than once in films about the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars. Soviet uniform from World War II. Since then, several uniform reforms have been carried out, but they mainly affected only the dress uniform. The piping, shoulder straps, and buttonholes in the uniforms changed, but the field uniform remained virtually unchanged.

Bodies and Internal Troops of the NKVD 1935-1937. Let me remind you that over the years of its existence the Internal Troops have undergone numerous reorganizations, renamings, etc. With the creation immediately after the October 1917 coup of the Council of People's Commissars, the Council of People's Commissars was immediately created as one of the thirteen people's commissariats, the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the Russian Republic of the NKVD. Then it became known as the NKVD of the RSFSR. Then, as the union republics were formed, they added

The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army of the Red Army entered the Second World War in a 1935-style uniform. Around the same time, the Wehrmacht soldiers acquired their familiar appearance. In 1935, by order of the People's Commissariat of Defense of December 3, new uniforms and insignia were introduced for all personnel of the Red Army. The previous official ranks by category were abolished, personal ranks were established for commanders, while the old ones were partially retained for military-political, military-technical,

The Red Army used two types of buttonholes: everyday color and field protective. There were also differences in the buttonholes of the command and command staff, so that the commander could be distinguished from the chief. Field buttonholes were introduced by order of the USSR NKO 253 of August 1, 1941, which abolished the wearing of colored insignia for all categories of military personnel. It was ordered to switch to buttonholes, emblems and insignia of completely green khaki color

Soviet mountain riflemen in an ambush. Caucasus. 1943 Based on the significant combat experience gained during the Great Patriotic War, the Main Directorate of Combat Training of the GUBP Ground Forces of the Red Army took up a radical solution to the issues of providing the latest weapons and equipment to the Soviet infantry. In the summer of 1945, a meeting was held in Moscow to discuss all the problems facing combined arms commanders. At this meeting, presentations were made by

Various types of small arms and bladed weapons that were in service with the partisans. Captured weapons of the partisans. Various independent modifications of Soviet and captured weapons. Actions of the partisans behind enemy lines, damaging power lines, posting propaganda leaflets, reconnaissance, and destroying traitors. Ambushes behind enemy lines, destruction of enemy columns and manpower, Explosions of bridges and railway tracks, methods

As a result of the adoption of two decrees on December 15, 1917, the Council of People's Commissars abolished all ranks and military ranks in the Russian army remaining from the previous regime. The period of formation of the Red Army. The first insignia. Thus, all soldiers of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, organized as a result of the order of January 15, 1918, no longer had any uniform military uniform, as well as special insignia. Nevertheless, in the same year, a badge was introduced for soldiers of the Red Army

Red Army insignia, 1917-24. 1. Infantry sleeve badge, 1920-24. 2. Armband of the Red Guard 1917. 3. Sleeve patch of the Kalmyk cavalry units of the South-Eastern Front, 1919-20. 4. Badge of the Red Army, 1918-22. 5. Sleeve insignia of the convoy guards of the Republic, 1922-23. 6. Sleeve insignia of the internal troops of the OGPU, 1923-24. 7. Sleeve insignia of armored units of the Eastern Front, 1918-19. 8. Commander's sleeve patch

Based on accepted norms, detailed regulations were prepared in secret on the supply of clothing to the army fighting fighting. On June 30, 1941, hastily finalized in connection with Germany's unexpected attack on the USSR, this information was announced by a circular from the chief quartermaster for the information of the entire Red Army. However, at this moment, the first priority was not supplying the front, but rescuing front-line supplies from those areas where the troops were retreating. The beginning of the war turned out to be

The Red Army uniform 1918-1945 is the fruit of the joint efforts of a group of enthusiastic artists, collectors, and researchers who give all their free time and money in tribute to one common idea. Recreating the realities of the era that troubles their hearts makes it possible to get closer to a truthful perception of the central event of the 20th century, World War II, which undoubtedly continues to have a serious impact on modern life. Decades of deliberate distortion our people have endured

We continue to talk about the uniform of the Red Army. This publication will focus on the period 1943-1945, that is, the very height of the Great Patriotic War, and attention will be paid to the changes in the uniform of the Soviet soldier that occurred in 1943. An Air Force senior sergeant with his father, who is a major. Winter and summer uniforms, 1943 and later. The winter tunic looks neat and clean, the summer one looks dirty

In the first days. Following the Great October Socialist Revolution of 1917, the Bolsheviks began to form armed detachments from manual labor proletarians, sailors of the Tsarist Navy and deserters of the Imperial Russian army. These units became known as the Red Guard. The official date of the creation of the Red Army is considered to be February 23, 1918. Until 1946, the armed forces were officially called the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. Red Army, since 1946 Soviet Army.

Commanders Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov Born on February 12, 1900 in Serebryanye Prudy, near Venev, Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov was the son of a peasant. From the age of 12 he worked as a saddler's apprentice, and when he turned 18 he joined the Red Army. In 1918, during civil war, he participated in the defense of Tsaritsyn later - Stalingrad, and in 1919 he joined the CPSU b and was appointed regiment commander. In 1925, Chuikov graduated from the Military Academy. M.V. Frunze, then participated

A gas mask was necessarily worn over the right shoulder in a square bag with a wide adjustable strap. Pouches (two-section, made of leather or tarpaulin-leather, fastened with conical brass pegs, for 6 rifle clips; or of the pre-revolutionary model - leather, with a hinged lid and side fasteners) were placed on both sides of the belt buckle. In the late 30s, improved ones appeared - with rings for the hooks of the backpack straps. They resembled three-section German Mauser pouches. Behind the right pouch hung a flask in a case. Along with aluminum, glass with a rubber or wooden stopper was widely used - fragile, but cheap. Military uniform of the Soviet Red Army, winter 1940, infantryman's equipment. Next, they hung a small blade in a canvas case with a valve, which was fastened with a strap with a buckle.

Red Army uniform 1918-1945 (143 photos)

The senior command staff of the Red Army wore, in addition to overcoats, short fur coats, with a fastened lining made of sheared sheepskin, leather raglans, insulated budenovki, chrome boots with felt, felt boots or white felt cloaks, fur-lined gloves. Company, platoon, detached commander and ordinary Red Army soldier under the overcoat they wore a padded sweatshirt (called a jacket). Military uniform of the Soviet Red Army, quilted jackets. In a quilted jacket, tied with a belt with pouches, a shovel and a flask, they fought without overcoats.

Attention

Quilted cotton pants with knee pads were used to protect against cold feet; this clothing is still used in winter. Wadded cavalry jackets mod. 1931, covered with cotton fabric or cloth, these jackets became the prototypes of simple cotton pea coats for Red Army soldiers.

The best combat clothing for winter was a tanned sheepskin sheepskin coat. Many Red Army soldiers also wore short fur coats.

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Tank helmet model 1936 photo The earphone valves extend back from the cylindrical vertical columns. The rollers were stuffed with hair (technical cotton wool was also used to fill the avisents).

Radio equipment was housed in enlarged cavities and pockets with adjustable valves. The back of the head could be bent, the top was tightened with a transverse strap.

The sides of the helmet cap, produced before the war, had ventilation holes with blocks. Since the end of 1942, a significant part of tank helmets were equipped with aviation-type radio equipment - oval metal blackened telephone cups, a laryngophone and connecting cords with connectors.
tank helmet 1936, materials were changed Dark blue moleskin overalls for a tanker with patch pockets and a detachable rear flap, the belt of which, which had a sliding buckle, was usually covered by a waist belt.

The upper edge and ends of the collar are trimmed with piping. On the collar of the uniform, at an equal distance from its upper and lower edges and 1 cm from the ends, buttonholes (without edging) are sewn from instrument cloth (color according to the branch of service) 8.2 cm long and 2.7 cm wide. On the buttonholes, respectively The established form has one or two strips sewn with gold or silver thread, intertwined with silver or gold thread: strips 5.4 cm long and 6.5 mm wide with a gap between them of 0.5-1 mm.

The sleeves of the uniform are two-seam, with straight stitched cuffs, edged along the upper edge and ends. On the cuffs of the sleeves, according to the established form, there are two or one vertical buttonholes (columns) embroidered in gold or silver.

On the tail of the back there are sewn leaves, at the ends of which one large button is sewn. Piping along the edge of the left side, collar, leaf and cuffs, color - according to the branch of service.

Documentary photo of WWII 1941-1945 (100 photos)

And how many small changes and nuances followed with the introduction of a new form, let’s take, for example, gymnasts. For tunics of the existing model, the following changes are being introduced: The collars of tunics of all samples, instead of turn-down ones, are stand-up, soft, fastened with through loops in the front with two small uniform buttons.

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Shoulder straps of the established type are fastened to the shoulders. Sleeve insignia for tunics are abolished. Red Army infantryman and lieutenant 1943-45 Infantryman of the Red Army in the second half of the war.

M1940 helmet is olive green, 1943 tunic has a stand-up collar, no breast pockets, on the left is the medal for the “Defense of Stalingrad” established on December 22, 1942.

And the capture of Moscow did not mean the end of the war, nor did they go to the tropics, so somewhere the German quartermasters did not work properly, so during the winter fighting, Wehrmacht losses from frostbite exceeded the number of combat losses. Members of rear units and institutions, motor transport units of combat formations, as well as drivers of all branches of the military began to be issued a double-breasted cotton jacket instead of an overcoat.

Great tension with the provision of clothing was due to the decline in the output of light industry products, some of the enterprises of which had not yet established production in the evacuation, and those remaining locally experienced difficulties with raw materials, energy and labor. For those who like to argue about whose uniform or whose tanks and planes are the best, and so on, the answer is simple.
The transfer of a very large number of defense enterprises beyond the Urals, and their launch into the technological cycle in such a short time.

Summer uniform of the Red Army for the period 1940-1943:

Large military reserves of food, weapons and clothing located in border military districts fell into the hands of the enemy or were surrounded. Red Army soldier, infantry 1941-43. Uniform resources for replenishment turned out to be significantly reduced, and therefore, on July 13, 1941, it was decided to temporarily replace the cap with a cap and the overcoat with a padded jacket or padded jacket for the period of conscript training in reserve units. By the end of the sixth week of the war, the vulnerability of the command staff (primarily command staff) and generals at the front became obvious due to their too noticeable differences. Commander rifle division Red Army 40-41 years old Division commander uniform made from materials highest quality and tailoring. On the cap, a circular cockade was introduced for generals in 1940. Scarlet stripes, jacket sleeve cuffs with piping, colored buttonholes.
Lap belt introduced in 1935

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Machine gunner in a raincoat, 1943-45. Scout in summer camouflage, 1943-45. Scout in summer camouflage, 1943-45. Scout in summer camouflage, 1943-45.
Scout in autumn camouflage, 1943-45. Scout in autumn camouflage, 1945. Scout in autumn camouflage, 1945. Machine gunner in winter camouflage, 1943-45.

Officer in winter uniform, 1943-45. Major in field uniform, infantry, 1943-45. Red Army soldiers in winter uniform, internal troops of the NKVD, 1943-1945.

Guard senior sergeant, infantry, 1944. Partisan Pavel Lipatov, 1943-44. Senior lieutenant, internal troops of the NKVD, 1943-45.
Lieutenant colonel in everyday uniform, internal troops of the NKVD, 1943-45. Rifleman, penal units, 1943-45. Senior sergeant, Don Cossack cavalry units, 1943. Junior sergeant in winter uniform, road service, 1943-45. Red Navy, Marine Corps, 1943-44.
The uniform of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA), which was a combination of military uniforms, equipment and insignia, was sharply different from all its analogues that existed in the pre-war years. It was a kind of material embodiment of the declared Soviet power in November 1917, the abolition of the class division of citizens and civilian (and then military) ranks. The Bolsheviks believed that in the free army of the new state of workers and peasants they were creating, there could be no external forms that would indicate the power and superiority of some over others. Therefore, following military ranks and ranks, the entire system of external insignia that existed in the Russian army - stripes, shoulder straps, orders and medals - was abolished.
Only job titles were preserved in the appeals.
All buttons are shaped, brass. The color of the edging for the infantry, quartermaster and military legal services is crimson, for artillery, auto-armored troops, medical and veterinary services - red, for aviation - blue, for cavalry - light blue and for engineering troops - black. The color of the buttonholes for the infantry, quartermaster and military legal services is crimson, for artillery and auto-armored forces - black, for aviation - blue, for cavalry - light blue, for medical and veterinary services - dark green and for engineering troops - black. The color of sewing on the buttonholes for the quartermaster, military-legal, medical and veterinary services is silver, for all others - gold. Shoulder straps of the established type.

Women's military uniform 1941 1945 photo

Naval aviation pilot, 1941-45. Submachine gunner, mountain rifle units, 1942-43. On August 3, 1941, a new one was installed female uniform(for non-combatant command personnel): takes khaki, dress and coat. The dress was cut in 1937, made of cotton fabric; later a similar dress appeared in woolen fabric. For women holding command positions, the tunic, skirt and overcoat were retained. On August 11, 1941, by secret order, the issuance of new clothing to personnel of the rear units and institutions of the Red Army was stopped. By August 25, all available new uniforms should have been transferred to provide units leaving for the front. artilleryman, summer 1941 The cap has replaced the Budenovka since the late 1930s, although most officers prefer the traditional cap. The pilot was more convenient in field conditions.

Women's military uniform 1941-1945 photo

It has no analogues in history, it’s just that no one has ever transferred industry in such volumes and over such distances, and it is unlikely that they will transfer it in the future, the largest industrial migration. So just for this feat, the rear troops need to build a huge, enormous monument. By the way, German industry was completely transferred to a military footing only in 1943, and before that only 25% of the total indicators went to military needs. For the same reason, the project prepared for May 1942 on the introduction of new insignia, which envisaged providing the entire Red Army with shoulder straps by October 1, 1942, was postponed. Naval aviation pilot 1943-45, tanker winter uniform 1942-44 And only in 1943, an order dated January 15 from People's Commissar of Defense I.

On January 15 (28 old style), 1918, the Council of People's Commissars (SNK) adopted a decree on the organization of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA), built on strictly class principles. The Red Army was recruited on a voluntary basis and only from conscious peasants and workers.
Here: >>Military uniform of the Soviet Red Army 1941-1945.
By the spring of 1918, it became clear that there were not so many “conscious volunteers” from among the peasants and workers. And the Bolsheviks planned to increase the Red Army to 1.5 million bayonets. IN AND. Lenin abandoned the principle of volunteerism and initiated the transition to compulsory military service for workers. Also, about 5 thousand officers and generals of the tsarist army are mobilized into the Red Army.

During the years of the Civil War (generals and officers), they were called military specialists (military experts), and occupied the most responsible positions in the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic (Revolutionary Military Council) - which led the construction and combat activities of the Red Army. Their further fate is the topic of another article, just for reference, during the most difficult period of the beginning of the Great Patriotic War (from August 1941 to May 1942) by the Chief General Staff was: Shaposhnikov B.M. former colonel of the Tsarist Army, in 1917 commander of the grenadier regiment. One of the few to whom Comrade himself. STALIN addressed himself by his first and patronymic names.

Red Army soldier 1918 and volunteer of the Bashkir Red Army 1918

Due to the difficult situation of industry and lack of money, it was decided to adapt the existing uniforms to the needs of the Red Army. By introducing a number of distinctive features of belonging to the Red Army.

Almost until the end of the 1920s, the army used the uniforms of the former tsarist army, devoid of imperial emblems, insignia and symbols. Significant reserves left by the troops of the former allies were also used. Entente who fought in Russia (1919-1922). So at first the Red Army presented a very motley appearance. Photos of military uniforms of the Soviet Red Army were taken from private collections kept by various owners, that is, these are real samples, and not so-called reproductions or pictures painted by artists that look like popular prints.

Budennovka model 1922 and 1939-41

A distinctive feature of the uniform of the soldiers of the Red Army were colored tabs across the front around the buttons, and a pointed helmet made of cloth, colloquially called Budyonnovka (it owes its name to the soldiers of the first cavalry army of Budyonny. S.M.).

Military uniform of the Soviet Red Army

Budyonnovka, disputes about the time of its appearance have not subsided to this day. Either it was produced in large quantities in 1913, as part of the celebration of the 300th anniversary of the House of Romanov. Either on December 18, 1918, after the announcement of the competition, a new type of winter headdress was approved - a cloth helmet, or they were made for the parade in Berlin for the expected victory in the First World War. You decide...

Military uniform of the Soviet Red Army photo

While industry was being established and the army was being reformed, the military uniform was developing according to the type we’ll inform, we’ll change, we’ll patch up. A new, strictly regulated uniform of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA) has been introduced January 31, 1922., included all the necessary items and was uniform for Red Army soldiers and commanders.

Red Army Red Army soldier in summer and winter uniform 1923

Already by 1926, the Red Army had achieved one hundred percent provision of military personnel with clothing in accordance with all standards and reports, which indicates a serious approach to strengthening the young Red Army.

Red Army soldier of the Red Army in summer and winter uniforms 1924

It should be noted that at the end of the 30s, in terms of industrial production, the USSR took first place in Europe and second place in the world, and in terms of the growth rate of industrial production it began to occupy a leading position, and the growth rate of military production was more than twice as high as growth of industrial production in general, you understand when VICTORY in the war began to be forged.

Squadron commander 1920-22. Cavalry division commander 1920-22.

By 1935, all throwing was completed, most traditional ranks had been restored, and a large number of military uniforms had been adopted.

commander of a separate squadron, cavalry 1927-29, Red Army soldier field uniform, armored forces 1931-34.

Production various types armaments grew at an unprecedented pace, one should not think that our grandfathers won VICTORY exclusively with meat and three-line guns.

Red Army rifleman infantryman in winter camouflage and military instructor of the OGPU 1923

Back to the article "Military uniform of the Soviet Red Army", a hitherto underrated uniform and equipment of the Red Army, in terms of comfort, color, design and variety, although shortages of certain types of materials and quantities will haunt our army to this day.

major Terek Cossack cavalry units and junior lieutenant mountain cavalry units. uniform 1936-41

These included distinctive uniforms for air and tank forces.

It was these troops that propaganda focused on, increasing their prestige and significance; even then it was clear to experts on whom victory on the battlefields would largely depend, otherwise everyone praised the Wehrmacht troops, especially the military air forces (Luftwaffe) not knowing that they did not have, for example, strategic aviation, “miscalculation?” and what kind.

captain and lieutenant in Air Force flight uniform 1936-43

1935 New uniforms and insignia were introduced for all Red Army personnel. The previous official ranks by category were abolished, and personal ranks were established for commanders; the old ones were partly preserved for military-political, military-technical, military-legal, military-medical and junior command personnel. On May 7, 1940, general ranks were established for the senior command staff of the Red Army and on July 13, 1940, general uniforms were introduced.

The tunic, which appeared in 1924 with breast pockets and a stand-up collar with elongated edged buttonholes according to the branch of service, has been compulsory since 1935. The wearing of a white collar has been established. Until 24, there were no differences between the uniforms of the beginning personnel and the Red Army in terms of cut and quality of material, but to strengthen unity of command, significant differences were introduced in the cut of the jacket for the command, administrative, economic and political composition of the Red Army.

The color of the tunics is protective, khaki; for armored forces - steel-gray. For the commanding staff, they were sewn from wool and cotton fabrics.

In winter, Red Army soldiers and junior command personnel were entitled to cloth uniforms, but in almost all units all year round wore cotton. Along the edge of the collar and cuffs of the commander's tunic, along the seam of the breeches - dark blue or gray tankers - there was a colored cloth piping.

The commander's shirt usually had detachable, inflated pockets, while on the Red Army's the pockets were simply attached and the sleeves were reinforced with pentagonal elbow pads.

The commander's breeches had an extended silhouette of the middle part, two waist cuffs, and less often - one back cuff. The crease on the breeches was not smoothed out. The leg straps are with buttons, the waistband is with belt loops or in the form of a high stitched bodice. The Red Army trousers did not have edges. Red Army trousers also had side pockets and a watch pocket, but only commander trousers had a back pocket. The trousers had pentagonal knee pads, and the trouser legs were tied with thin ribbons. The command staff were entitled to boots - chrome or cowhide; with untucked trousers - boots. Instead of boots, boots with gaiters were allowed. Long-term conscripts were provided with cowhide boots. In winter, it was allowed to wear warm felt boots with leather trim, white or black felt boots. When out of formation, long-term conscripts were allowed burka boots. The Red Army soldiers sported yuft or cowhide boots; later, under People's Commissar C.K. Tymoshenko, tarpaulin appeared, at the moment more than 150 million shoes have been produced from tarpaulin, mainly military ones (Search for “tarpaulin” and you will learn a lot). Due to a shortage of raw materials, boots with green or black tapes were used. A piglet raised on a private farm was supposed to be skinned, and under no circumstances should it be burned as it is now. Before the war, you could even see a cavalryman wearing bandages! Only those commanders who were entitled to a riding horse wore spurs on their boots.

Command personnel - except for aviation and armored forces - for everyday wear were entitled to a single-breasted jacket with six large buttons, a turn-down collar, chest patch pockets and welt side pockets.

The ceremonial uniform of the command personnel was an open steel-colored jacket with patch breast pockets and welt side pockets, with scarlet edging along the collar and straight cuffs. They wore it with a white shirt and black tie, straight trousers or breeches; in formation - with equipment. A cap was required with the jacket; a cap was also allowed with a tunic. For everyday wear, command and control personnel - except for aviation and armored forces - were entitled to a single-breasted jacket with six large buttons, a turn-down collar, chest patch pockets and welt side pockets.

The overcoat for the command and control personnel of the ground forces was sewn from drape or overcoat cloth of dark gray color (for tankers - steel). It was double-breasted, 35 - 45 cm from the floor, with a trimmed hem, with 4 buttons along the side, with open lapels, with semi-slanting pockets covered with flaps, with a counter pleat on the back and a straight tab on buttons sewn to the side half-flaps. The slit was fastened with 4 small uniform buttons.

The cavalry overcoat was longer than the infantry overcoat and had an enlarged back slit with five buttons. The Krasnoarmeysky one had the same cut and differed from the commander's one in the worse quality of the cloth. The waist belt was mandatory - it was taken away only from those arrested.

The everyday cap, adopted for all categories of military personnel, had a colored band according to the branch of service and a khaki-colored top with piping. Above the angular, elongated “Voroshilov” visor with bolsters along the edge, a black oilcloth chin strap was fastened with two brass buttons with a star.

The crown was slightly higher than the band, with a convex front part; a steel spring rim was inserted inside (by the way, our invention, look at the chewed caps of that time in other armies). A large red star was attached to the middle of the band.

Headdresses of the Red Army: officer's cap, summer cap of the Red Army soldier, cap of the armored forces, kubanka of the Terek Cossack units 1935

The top of the caps of Red Army soldiers and junior commanders was often made of cotton, the caps of commanders were made only of wool, the commander’s band was black velvet, and the Red Army man’s was cloth. The band and piping differed in color, depending on the type of troops; the pre-war colors of the caps remained in the 70s. The caps, intended for combined wear with a steel helmet, were made from the same fabric as the uniform. The command staff had a colored border along the bottom of the cap and the edge of the lapel; a cloth star was sewn on the front in the color of the branch of service, and a small enamel one was attached on top of it. At the beginning of 1941, protective caps without colored parts were introduced for wartime.

Introduced in March 1938, a cotton Panama hat for hot regions, with wide stitched brims and ventilation blocks in the cap wedges, has survived to this day practically unchanged.

For the Terek and Kuban Cossack units in 1936, black fur hats were adopted: for the former - with a light blue bottom, for the latter - with a red bottom. For the rank and file, it was crossed twice with black soutache; for command personnel - either with it, but in gold, or with a narrow gold braid. A separate cavalry brigade of mountain nationalities wore brown fur hats with a red top, crossed in the same way. The black fur cap, slightly tapering at the top, of the Don Cossack units was slightly higher than the Kubanka; the red bottom, just like the last one, was crossed in two rows with black soutache or gold braid; a star was attached to the front. The traditional outfit was complemented by Red Army symbols and insignia.

Red Army soldier dress uniform Kuban cavalry units 1936-41. Dress uniform of the Don Cossack cavalry units 1936-41.

Due to the shortage of military dress uniforms (adopted back in 1941), it was in this model of 1936 that the victorious cavalry soldiers marched at the victory parade in 1945.

For Terek Cossacks, Circassians were sewn from steel-gray cloth, for Kuban Cossacks - from dark blue; the edges and holders were trimmed with black soutache; cartridges with a white or nickel-plated head were inserted into the gazyr sockets (9 in each). The sides were buttoned end-to-end with counter hooks up to the waist, and the back slit reached there. The lining of the Circassian coat was the same color as the beshmet - light blue Terek and red Kuban. It was sewn cut at the waist, with a slit from the transverse seam, reliefs on the back and a butt clasp on hooks. Light blue cloth trimmed the sides to the waist and the collar; Cavalry buttonholes were sewn onto it, and insignia were sewn onto the straight sleeves of the beshmet (and slightly flared circassian sleeves). The sides and collar of the command staff's beshmet were decorated with gold braid; the everyday one was khaki, with light blue cloth piping. Terets and Kuban residents were entitled to trousers of a general army cut - with light blue and red piping, respectively. The tops of the black soft boots had a visor; a belt for a Circassian coat or beshmet - Caucasian type: narrow, black leather, with a set of white metal. In addition to hats and kubankas, a hood of a Caucasian cut was worn, with a black braid trim: light blue for the Terek Cossacks, frontal for the Kuban. A long, shaggy black felt burka of the Caucasian type was trimmed at the neck with black leather and fastened with cord ties or a hook.

A Don dark blue Cossack jacket with pleats at the back of the cut-off skirt was edged with red cloth along the stand-up collar and cuffs with a toe, and was fastened end-to-end with hooks. Cavalry buttonholes were sewn onto the collar, and sleeve insignia were sewn onto the cuffs (2.5 cm above the toe). The Don Cavalry trousers were decorated with scarlet single-row stripes 4 cm wide. In addition to the hat, a gray cap of the Caucasian type was worn with black braid.

The uniform of a separate cavalry brigade of mountain nationalities included, in addition to a brown fur hat, a red Caucasian shirt, trousers with red piping, a black Circassian coat with sides, sleeves, neck and gazyrs trimmed with black twisted cord, in which the command staff had cartridges with artistic Caucasian silver tips , and for privates - nickel plated. The Caucasian belt set was finished accordingly.

The stand-up collar of the formal satin shirt and the front slit were fastened with black cord buttons and loops. The large rectangular flaps of the patch breast pockets had the same fastener.

Continue reading here: >> Military uniform of the Soviet Red Army pre-war period.

Here: >> Military uniform of the Soviet Red Army 1941-1943 .

Here: > > Military uniform of Wehrmacht soldiers Eastern Front.

Here: >> German military uniform of the Second World War.

— SUMMER GYMNASTER OF THE RED ARMY COMMAND AND MANAGEMENT STAFF: Introduced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR No. 005 of February 1, 1941.

The summer tunic is made of khaki cotton fabric with a turn-down collar fastened with one hook. At the ends of the collar, khaki-colored buttonholes with insignia are sewn.

The tunic has a chest placket with a three-button fastener and two stitched chest pockets with flaps on one button. The sleeves have cuffs with two buttons. Metal tunic buttons of the established pattern.

— THARS OF COMMAND AND MANAGEMENT STAFF OF THE RED ARMY: Introduced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR No. 005 of February 1, 1941.

Bloomers of the existing pattern without edging. Summer bloomers are made of khaki cotton fabric, and winter ones are made of wool blend fabric of the same color. The bloomers consist of two front and two back halves, have two side welt pockets and one back pocket, a waist cuff at the back and a strip at the bottom. The bloomers are fastened with five buttons and one hook.

— SHIRT OF PRIVATE AND JUNIOR COMMANDING STAFF OF THE RKKA: Introduced by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR No. 190 of July 19, 1929.

Summer shirt of the 1928 model for the ground and air forces of the Red Army. The shirt is made of cotton fabric (tunic), dark khaki color, with a turn-down collar, fastened in the middle with one metal hook and having buttonholes at the ends, in the shape of a parallelogram, in the color assigned to the branch of the military; Insignia of position and established encryption are placed on the buttonholes. The shirt is fastened with three buttons, parallel to which there are two patch pockets on the chest, covered with flaps fastened with one button. The sleeves end with cuffs fastened with two buttons, and at the place where they are sewn to the cuffs, the sleeves have two folds, located 7-8 cm apart from each other. Letrubes are made in six sizes.

Red Army cloth shirt arr. 1928 for the ground and air forces of the Red Army. The shirt is made from khaki-colored merino or coarse wool cloth with a stand-up collar, fastened in the middle with two metal hooks and having buttonholes at the ends, in the shape of a parallelogram, with sides 8 cm X 3.5 cm in the color assigned to the branch of the military; Insignia of position and established encryption are placed on the buttonholes. The shirt is fastened with three buttons, parallel to which there are two patch pockets on the chest, covered with flaps fastened with one button. The sleeves end with cuffs fastened with two buttons.

Note. Buttons on the shirt must be metal, oxidized, small in size with a star, of the type established by order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR of 1924 No. 992.

Summer shirt with elbow pads, model 1931, for all branches of the military. The letrubah [type A] is made from a tunic (cotton diagonal) khaki color with two patch breast pockets covered by flaps, a turn-down collar fastened with one uniform button, and sleeves with cuffs. The waist of the shirt is sewn at the sides and at the shoulders in two parts: front and back. The front part of the waist from the neck to the bottom of the pockets has a cut covered with strips. The straps are located in the middle of the waist and are fastened with one button onto the loop of a piece of fabric hemmed on the inside of the top strap. The upper ends of the straps near the collar are fastened with one small uniform button, sewn at the top of the lower strap onto the through transverse loop of the upper strap. The collar does not have hooks and, under certain conditions provided for wearing the uniform, can be opened with the top button undone. The sleeves at the cuff sewing have two folds. At the back of the sleeves over the elbow seam there are patched elbow pads. On both sides of the collar, edged buttonholes are sewn in the color of the cloth assigned to the branch of the military. The buttonholes have the shape of a parallelogram with a length of finished form 8 cm and 3.25 cm wide, including edging. The transverse ends of the buttonholes should be parallel to the bevel of the front ends of the collar. The established metal insignia for positions and badges according to the established encryption are placed on the buttonholes. […]

Basically, the flying jacket of type B […] differs from the flying jacket of type A in that the flying jacket of type B has an elongated strap in all heights by 4 cm; a hook and loop for fastening the collar and three through loops on the top placket […]. Three small general-army buttons are sewn onto the bottom placket in the places corresponding to the loops. A hook is sewn into the right end of the collar, and a loop into the left end.

Cloth shirt with welt pockets, model 1931, for all branches of the military. The cloth shirt consists of the following parts: the front part, which has a placket in the middle, fastened with three through loops on three metal buttons with a Red Army star, a back, a stand-up collar fastened in the middle with two metal hooks, two flaps of the breast pockets, fastened to the Red Army shirt button, sleeves without folds at the bottom with cuffs fastened with two loops on two Red Army buttons. Flap welt internal pockets.

Canceled by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR No. 25 of January 15, 1943. All Red Army personnel will switch to new insignia - shoulder straps in the period from February 1 to February 15, 1943. Allow the wearing of the existing uniform with new insignia until the next issue of uniforms in accordance with the current deadlines and supply standards.

№1 -Private soldiers in tunics. 1941; №2 -Private soldiers in tunics. 1942; №3 №4 -St. a lieutenant in a tunic with everyday insignia; №5 -An officer in a tunic with field insignia; №6 -Illustration of an officer’s tunic from 1940-43.

Summer uniform of the Red Army for the period 1943-1945.

— GYMNASTERS: A new type of gymnasts was introduced by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR No. 25 of January 15, 1943.

They presented the same tunics of the existing model with the following changes:

The collars of tunics of all types, instead of turn-down ones, are stand-up, soft, fastened with through loops in the front with two small uniform buttons.

The top placket is located in the middle and is fastened with three small uniform buttons with through loops.

Shoulder straps of the established type are fastened to the shoulders.

Sleeve insignia (officer's sleeve triangles) on tunics are abolished.

Instead of patch pockets, the tunics of commanding officers have welt (internal) pockets covered with flaps. No elbow pads.

Tunics for privates and sergeants - without pockets. With elbow pads - ().

On August 5, 1944, breast welt pockets were introduced on the tunics of women privates and sergeants.

On September 16, 1944, sergeants and Red Army soldiers were also officially allowed to have chest welt pockets, but only in case of receiving an unwearable officer's uniform after putting it in order. Throughout 1943, one could find old-style tunics with a turn-down collar, which were allowed to be worn until new uniforms were issued.

№1 -Privates in soldiers’ tunics (on the left is a private in an officer’s tunic) 1944; №2 -Two sergeants. On the left - in a soldier's tunic, on the right - in an officer's uniform; №3 -Illustration of soldiers' tunics arr. 1943; №4 -Soviet and American officers during a meeting on the Elbe; №5 -St. Sergeant in an officer's tunic; №6 -Illustration of officer's tunics mod. 1943

— PARTY UNITED: Senior and middle command and command personnel of all branches of the military

The uniform is single-breasted, with a detachable bodice, fastened at the left side with five large buttons. The collar is rigid, standing, fastened with two or three hooks and loops. The upper edge and ends of the collar are trimmed with piping. On the collar of the uniform, at an equal distance from its upper and lower edges and 1 cm from the ends, buttonholes (without edging) are sewn from instrument cloth (color according to the branch of service) 8.2 cm long and 2.7 cm wide. On the buttonholes, respectively The established form has one or two strips sewn with gold or silver thread, intertwined with silver or gold thread: strips 5.4 cm long and 6.5 mm wide with a gap between them of 0.5-1 mm. The sleeves of the uniform are two-seam, with straight stitched cuffs, edged along the upper edge and ends. On the cuffs of the sleeves, according to the established form, there are two or one vertical buttonholes (columns) embroidered in gold or silver. On the tail of the back there are sewn leaves, at the ends of which one large button is sewn. Piping along the edge of the left side, collar, leaf and cuffs, color - according to the branch of service. All buttons are shaped, brass.

The color of the edging for the infantry, quartermaster and military legal services is crimson, for artillery, auto-armored troops, medical and veterinary services - red, for aviation - blue, for cavalry - light blue and for engineering troops - black.

The color of the buttonholes for the infantry, quartermaster and military legal services is crimson, for artillery and auto-armored forces - black, for aviation - blue, for cavalry - light blue, for medical and veterinary services - dark green and for engineering troops - black. The color of sewing on the buttonholes for the quartermaster, military-legal, medical and veterinary services is silver, for all others - gold. Shoulder straps of the established type.

№1 -Lieutenant-artilleryman in full dress uniform; №2 -Servicemen of the 150th Idritsk SD against the background of their assault flag, hoisted on May 1, 1945 over the Reichstag building in Berlin (Victory Banner). In the photo, participants in the storming of the Reichstag, escorting the flag to Moscow from the Berlin Tempelhof airfield on June 20, 1945 (from left to right): Captain K.Ya. Samsonov, junior sergeant M.V. Kantaria, Sergeant M.A. Egorov, senior sergeant M.Ya. Soyanov, captain S.A. Neustroev (06/20/1945); №3 -Illustration of a ceremonial uniform mod. 1943

Literature/documents:

• Types of fabrics used for sewing uniforms of the Red Army (article number, composition, color, application). ()
• Rules for wearing uniforms by Red Army personnel dated January 15, 1943. (download/open)
• A typical list of clothing belongings of junior commanders and rank and file of the Red Army for summer and winter in peacetime and war. Introduced by order of the NPO of the USSR No. 005 of February 1, 1941. ()

New uniforms and insignia were introduced for the Ground and Air Forces of the Red Army, and insignia for the Naval Forces of the Red Army, respectively. For the command staff of the Ground and Air Force, personal military ranks were established: lieutenant, senior lieutenant, captain, major, colonel, brigade commander, division commander, corps commander, army commander 2 and army commander 1st rank. For military personnel of other branches of the military and types of service activities, the corresponding ranks are:

• for the military-political personnel of all branches of the military: political instructor, senior political instructor, battalion commissar, regimental commissar, brigade commissar, divisional commissar, corps commissar, army commissar of 2nd and 1st ranks;
• for military-technical personnel of all branches of the armed forces: military technician of the 2nd and 1st ranks, military engineer of the 3rd, 2nd and 1st ranks, brigade engineer, divisional engineer, coring engineer, arming engineer;
• for military-economic and administrative personnel of all branches of the military: technical quartermaster 2nd and 1st ranks, quartermaster 3rd, 2nd and 1st ranks, brigintendant, divintendant, corintendent, armintendant;
• for military medical personnel of all branches of the military: military paramedic, senior military paramedic, military doctor of 3, 2 and 1 ranks, brigade doctor, divisional doctor, corvette doctor, army doctor;
• for military veterinary personnel of all branches of the military: military veterinary assistant, senior military veterinary assistant, military veterinarian of 3, 2 and 1 ranks, brigade veterinarian, divisional veterinarian, corvet veterinarian, army veterinarian;
• for the military legal staff of all branches of the military: junior military lawyer, military lawyer, military lawyer of 3, 2 and 1 ranks, brigade lawyer, divisional military lawyer, military lawyer, army lawyer.

The same decree introduced the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union.

In order to popularize and attract more people willing to serve in the Automotive Armored Forces and the Air Force of the Red Army, their own uniform colors were adopted for them - steel and dark blue, respectively.

For the command and command staff (from middle to senior inclusive) of all branches of the military, except the Air Force, a khaki-colored cloth cap was introduced for the summer period (for the Automotive Armored Forces - steel color) with a band and piping of instrument cloth in the color of the branch of service, and a cap with edging of the same color. On the front of the commander's and command staff's caps was an additional star made of cloth of the same color with piping, on which a red enamel Red Army star was superimposed. The edges of the sewn fabric star protruded beyond the edges of the enamel Red Army star by about 2 mm.

In the Air Force of the Red Army, for all personnel (including privates), the cap was replaced by a cap: dark blue for command and command personnel (from middle to senior inclusive), and khaki for junior command (junior command) and private personnel, with blue edging and a sewn-on fabric star of the same color - with a Red Army star superimposed on top.

For the junior command (junior commander) and rank and file of the Ground Forces of the Red Army, the same cap was introduced as for the command and command personnel, but not cloth, but cotton. In addition, for these compositions of all branches of the Red Army troops, including the Air Force, a khaki cap was also required without edging and a sewn-on fabric star, with a red enamel Red Army star - for combined wear with a steel helmet. In winter, everyone should wear it with a steel helmet Red Army servicemen a gray woolen balaclava was worn, its cut reminiscent of a “balaclava”.

For command personnel, starting from middle and above, a double-breasted overcoat was introduced: steel color for the Armored Forces, dark blue for the Air Force, and dark gray for everyone else. On the overcoats of senior command personnel, along the edge of the collar and cuffs there was piping in the color of the branch of service, and on the overcoats of marshals of the Soviet Union, commanders of the 1st and 2nd ranks, piping also ran along the sides.

A single-breasted closed jacket (with closed lapels) in khaki color was supplied to the Red Army Ground Forces (except for the Armored Forces and the Air Force). Along the edge of the collar and cuffs there was a piping in the color of the military branch. Buttonholes were sewn on the collar of the jacket. Loose-fitting trousers of the same color with a French jacket and breeches were installed - blue for the Cavalry and Horse Artillery and dark blue for all other branches of the military. Both trousers and breeches had colored piping according to the type of service.

A single-breasted open jacket (with open lapels), respectively, steel and dark blue in color - with red or blue piping along the edge of the collar and cuffs - was supplied to the command staff of the Automotive Armored Forces and the Air Force. The French jacket was worn with a white shirt, black tie and untucked trousers (under boots) of the same color as the French jacket, or breeches (under boots) of the established colors for the corresponding branch of the military, with colored piping according to the type of service.

For everyday wear in the ranks, for command personnel of all branches of the military, a khaki-colored tunic was approved, along the cuffs and edge of the collar with piping in the color of the military branch and with buttonholes on the collar. The gymnast was worn with a cap.

With the exception of the headdress, the uniform of junior command and rank and file remained the same.

New equipment was introduced for command and control personnel: a waist belt with a five-pointed star, long and short shoulder straps made of brown leather.

New insignia were also installed, both in the Ground Forces and in Navy, determined by buttonholes and for command and political personnel - by sleeve insignia.

Also in 1936, lapel emblems of the military branches were approved in the amount of 17 varieties.

By order of the NKO of the USSR No. 67, in 1936, a special uniform for Terek, Kuban and Don Cossacks was established. For the first two, the uniform consisted of a kubanka, a beshmet, a Circassian coat with a bashlyk, a burka, trousers and Caucasian boots. The uniform differed in color: among the Terek Cossacks the top of the Kubanka was light blue, and among the Kuban Cossacks it was red, etc. The Don Cossacks wore a hat, a Cossack jacket, trousers and boots. Another special uniform was established for the personnel of the cavalry brigade of mountain nationalities. The everyday uniform, with the exception of the Caucasian shirt, generally did not differ from the usual cavalry uniform, and the dress uniform included a fur hat, a Caucasian shirt, trousers, a Circassian coat with a hood, a cloak, boots, equipment with a dagger and a Caucasian saber.

In the same year, a unified uniform for the military communications service (VOSO) was introduced. The uniform items were army-wide, but had their own instrument colors, emblems, and armbands.

A special uniform was introduced in 1936 for command and teaching staff and students of the Academy of the General Staff of the Red Army. They were provided with a khaki cap with a crimson band and white piping, a double-breasted dark gray overcoat, a single-breasted woolen jacket and a khaki tunic. All items of clothing had a turn-down collar made of black velvet, on which there were rectangular crimson buttonholes with golden edging (diamond-shaped on overcoats). The untucked trousers were made from khaki woolen fabrics, and the breeches were made from dark blue woolen fabrics. Both trousers and breeches had crimson stripes and white piping along the seams.

Table of buttonholes and edgings established by Decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR No. 2590 of December 2, 1935 for the Ground and Air Force of the Red Army
Branch of troops (services)	Cap			Buttonholes				Overcoat		French and gymnast		Trousers (breeches)
	For command, command and rank and file personnel			For command staff		For commanding officers, enlisted personnel and cadets		For command and control personnel
	Band color	Crown and bottom color	The color of the edging at the top of the band and crown	Buttonhole color	Edge color	Buttonhole color	Edge color	Cloth color	The color of the piping on the collar and cuffs for senior command and control personnel (from the brigade commander corresponding to him and above)	Fabric color	Color of piping on collar and cuffs	Fabric color	Side seam piping color
Infantry	crimson	khaki	crimson		gold	crimson	black	dark gray	crimson	khaki	crimson	Navy blue	crimson
Cavalry	blue		black	blue		blue			light blue		light blue	blue	light blue
Artillery	black		red	black		black	red		red		red	Navy blue	red
Automotive armored forces	black velvet	steel		black velvet		black velvet		steel		steel		steel
Technical troops	black	khaki	blue	black		black	blue	dark gray	blue	khaki	blue	Navy blue	blue
Chemical forces			black				black		black		black		black
Aviation	absent			blue		blue		Navy blue	blue	Navy blue	blue		blue
Military-economic and administrative, military-medical and military-veterinary personnel	dark green	khaki	red	-		dark green	red	dark gray	red	khaki	red		red

In March 1938, partial changes were made to the uniform of the Red Army: command staff were allowed to wear a jacket with dark blue trousers untucked, and for units stationed in the south, a khaki cotton Panama hat was adopted as a summer headdress. In 1940, special buttonholes were introduced for cadets of military schools and regimental schools.

In July 1940, new ranks were introduced: lieutenant colonel and senior battalion commissar, new insignia were introduced accordingly, and in November 1940, new military ranks and insignia were established for privates and junior commanding officers.

In January 1941, full marching infantry equipment was introduced for Red Army soldiers. It consisted of a belt, a shoulder strap, a cartridge bag, a spare fabric cartridge bag, a grenade bag, a shovel case, a food bag, a food bag, a canteen case, a fabric backpack, a cover for tent accessories, and a pouch for gun accessories.

The winter uniform of command personnel (from middle to senior inclusive), as well as midshipmen of long-term service, included: a hat with earflaps, an overcoat made of black greatcoat cloth, a double-breasted jacket made of black merino cloth with a white shirt and a black tie (for off-duty uniforms) , a dark blue cloth jacket with a stand-up collar, black untucked trousers made of merino cloth, chrome boots and boots (for coastal marching clothing, when worn with boots, it was allowed to tuck the trousers into the boots). The summer uniform included: a cap with a white cover, a black jacket with a white shirt and tie (for off-duty uniforms), a dark blue cloth or white cotton jacket with stand-up collars, black cloth or white cotton trousers, and boots. The commander's uniform also included a rubberized raincoat, and in the polar regions a combined leather coat with fur, which were only allowed to be worn outside of formation.

The winter uniform of the Red Navy men and foremen of conscript service included: a hat with ear flaps, an overcoat made of black overcoat cloth, a dark blue flannel shirt (wool or cloth) and a white uniform shirt made of Flamsky linen with a blue sailor collar (dark blue flannel was worn only over white uniform, the blue sailor collar of which extended outwards), a vest, a cloth tie-front for wearing with an overcoat or peacoat, black cloth trousers untucked, a black leather waist belt with a nickel-plated brass badge (with a stamped anchor and a star), chrome boots (similar to those - and commanders) and boots (for coastal marching uniforms, when worn with boots, it was allowed to tuck trousers into boots). The demi-season outerwear was a black pea coat made of merino cloth with lining. Summer clothing consisted of a dark blue flannel shirt (to be worn in cold weather over a white uniform shirt with a sailor collar straightened out), a white uniform shirt with a sailor collar, a vest, black cloth or white trousers made of Flam cloth, a waist belt, and a visor - for enlisted personnel (Red Navy men and senior Red Navy men), or caps - for junior commanders and command personnel (for senior officers 2nd And 1st articles - with a star, for chief petty officers - with an emblem [cockade] in the form of an anchor with a rope intertwining it and an asterisk). The work clothes of private and junior command and control personnel of the USSR Navy consisted of a gray canvas shirt with a buttoned breastplate and a stand-up collar, and gray canvas trousers (when wearing a work shirt over a white uniform, the strap and collar were left unbuttoned, the blue sailor collar was exposed outside ). For engine crews of ships (electromechanical combat units), a jacket made of blue calico with a stand-up collar, similar in cut to a jacket, and blue calico trousers were installed as working clothes.

Ushanka hats for all personnel of the Red Army Navy were initially the same - made of black merlushka and topped with black instrument cloth, differing only in the sign-emblems: for private and junior commanders and commanders - a red enamel star (after 1940 for chief petty officers and senior sergeants Navy - its own emblem); for middle, senior and senior commanders and commanders - a “crab” commander’s badge. By order NK Navy No. 426 of October 20, 1939 for command and superior compositions of the USSR Navy(from middle to high, inclusive) the black cloth cap of earflaps was replaced by a leather one with a sewn button on the top as a decorative element. The button was also covered with leather. For private and junior commanders and command personnel of the Navy, this Order established hats with ear flaps as before, with a cloth cap without a decorative button, but the lambskin fur was replaced with sheepskin fur.

The combination of different sets of clothing was designated by number, so for example, for command personnel, the combination of a cap with a white cover, a white jacket, black trousers and boots was the summer casual uniform No. 2 at temperatures from +20 °C to +25 °C, and the combination of a black cap, dark - blue jacket, black trousers and boots - summer casual uniform No. 3 at temperatures from +15 °C to +20 °C. For private and junior command and control personnel, for example, a summer casual uniform could be No. 3 at temperatures from +15 °C to +20 °C (black visor or cap, dark blue flannel worn over a white uniform shirt [sailor collar out], vest, black trousers, boots and waist belt), and under No. 1 at temperatures from +25 ° C and above (peaker cap or cap with a white cover, white uniform shirt, vest, white trousers, boots and waist belt - except for the KBF and the Northern Fleet, for which the above-mentioned Rules established this uniform only outside the formation).

War 1941-1945

With the beginning of the war, some items and details of clothing that unmasked military personnel (insignia, stars, buttons, varnished visors and harnesses on caps) were replaced with the same ones, but in a khaki color. Sleeve insignia were abolished, colored bands and piping according to the type of service were abolished, and for generals and above, khaki-colored tunics and trousers without stripes were introduced for everyday wear.

Many women were drafted into the Red Army and a special uniform of clothing was introduced for them. In addition to the usual overcoats and tunics, women were supplied with a beret in the summer, a coat and a khaki-colored woolen dress.

In 1942, personal military ranks were introduced for the engineering and technical personnel of the Air Force, artillery and armored forces. The uniform was similar to the command staff, but special emblems were sewn on the left sleeve. In April 1942, special ranks were introduced for the quartermaster service; the uniform of the military personnel did not differ; the emblem introduced for the generals of the quartermaster service was used. In May 1942, guards military ranks were introduced and guardsmen were given a special badge common to all branches of the military. The exception was the military personnel of the Guards ships, for whom their own special Guards badge was established. In addition, for the rank and file, a rep orange and black guards ribbon was installed on the visor. In July 1942, stripes for wounds were introduced: dark red for a light wound and golden for a severe wound.

The most radical changes to the uniform followed on January 6, 1943, when shoulder straps were introduced.

Shoulder straps were divided into field and everyday. Their difference for the shoulder straps of the command staff was that the field of the field shoulder straps, regardless of the type of troops, was always protective in color, while everyday ones were golden or silver (for quartermasters, military lawyers, doctors and veterinarians). The shoulder straps were framed with piping in the color of the branch of service; the gaps on field shoulder straps were burgundy (for quartermasters, military lawyers, doctors and veterinarians, brown), on everyday shoulder straps - the colors of the branch of the military. On the field and everyday shoulder straps of generals and marshals there were no emblems of the military branch (with the exception of quartermasters, military lawyers, doctors and veterinarians); there were also no emblems on the shoulder straps of all infantry personnel. There were emblems on the shoulder straps of officers of other branches of the military. The field shoulder straps of privates and junior officers were also khaki, with piping in the color of the branch of service and with burgundy stripes (brown for the medical and veterinary services). Everyday shoulder straps of privates and junior command personnel were the colors of the branch of service, edged with black (infantry, aviation, cavalry, technical troops) or red (artillery, armored forces, medical and veterinary services) edging, with golden stripes (for medical and veterinary services, silver ). On everyday shoulder straps, the emblem of the military branch (except for infantry) was attached and numerical and alphabetic codes for the names of military units were applied. For cadets of military institutions, only everyday shoulder straps were installed, which differed from the everyday shoulder straps of privates and junior command personnel by the presence of golden (for quartermasters, military technicians, doctors and veterinarians, silver) braid along the entire edge of the shoulder strap.

Also, ceremonial and everyday shoulder straps were introduced for the personnel of the Navy, while maintaining sleeve insignia only for the middle, senior and senior command and control personnel of the Ship Service, and without sleeve insignia for the Coastal Service. The ceremonial shoulder straps of admirals, generals and officers were made of gold (floating personnel) or silver (coastal units of the Navy) braid, with colored edgings and stars - silver on gold braid and vice versa. Everyday shoulder straps were made of black cloth. The shoulder straps of privates and junior officers were also made of black cloth. A shoulder strap was worn on the shirts - a shortened shoulder strap. Emblems were placed on the shoulder straps of military personnel of the naval engineering, engineering, technical, medical and veterinary services.

Along with the shoulder straps, the buttonholes were changed. As for the buttonholes on the overcoat, they were only of two varieties in terms of clothing - field and everyday, and two varieties in composition - buttonholes for marshals and generals and buttonholes for the rest of the Red Army. The field buttonholes of both were khaki. At the same time, a button was sewn at the top of the buttonhole: for marshals and generals with the Coat of Arms of the Soviet Union, for everyone else with the star of the Red Army. Marshal's and general's buttonholes were trimmed with gold (in the medical and veterinary service, silver) edging; for all others, with edging of the military branch. Everyday buttonholes were exactly the same, but for marshals and generals the field of the buttonhole was: red for marshals and generals, black for artillery and tank generals, blue for aviation, crimson for quartermaster and technical services, dark green for medical and veterinary services. All the others had the field of the buttonhole in the color of the branch of service.

The buttonholes on the uniform were different for marshals, generals, senior command and command personnel, middle command and command personnel, junior command and command personnel and privates. The Marshal of the Soviet Union had a double gold edging on the collar of his ceremonial uniform and embroidered gold oak leaves, which were also embroidered on the cuffs. The generals had a double gold (silver for the medical and veterinary services) edging and embroidered gold (silver) bay leaves. On the cuffs of the generals, three gold (silver) buttonholes - "columns" - were embroidered. In the everyday uniform, there was no sewing or buttonholes, but there was piping in the color of the military branch on the collar and cuffs.

Senior command staff in full dress uniform wore buttonholes on the collar in the form of two gold stripes intertwined with silver thread and located on a parallelogram in the color of the branch of service. The collar was trimmed with piping in the color of the military branch. The buttonholes of servicemen of the engineering, technical, military-legal, medical and veterinary services were silver, intertwined with gold thread. Two gold (silver) buttonholes - "columns" - were embroidered on the cuffs of the uniform. In the everyday uniform, there were no sewing and buttonholes, but there was piping in the color of the military branch on the collar and cuffs; in the field uniform, there were no buttonholes and piping.

The buttonholes and badges on the cuffs of the middle command and command staff were based on the same principle, however, there was one stripe on the buttonholes, and there was also one badge on the cuff.

The buttonholes of junior command and command personnel and privates were the same shape and color as those of the officers. On the buttonholes of junior command personnel one longitudinal golden stripe was sewn (for commanders - a silver one); The privates' buttonholes were clean. Buttonholes were worn only in full dress uniform.