International Students' Day is a day of international student solidarity, celebrated on November 17th.
On October 28, 1939, in Nazi-occupied Czechoslovakia, Prague students and their teachers demonstrated to mark the anniversary of the founding of the Czechoslovak state. The occupying troops dispersed the demonstration, and medical student Jan Opletal was shot dead, whose funeral turned into a protest. Dozens of demonstrators were arrested. On November 17, the occupiers surrounded the student dormitories early in the morning. More than 1,200 students were arrested and imprisoned in a concentration camp. Nine students and student activists were executed in prison.
Two years later, an International meeting of students who fought against fascism was held in London, at which it was decided to celebrate this date annually as Student’s Day in honor of the victims.
In addition, by order of Adolf Hitler, all Czech universities were closed until the end of the war.
In 1990, November 17 received state status in Czechoslovakia and was proclaimed the Day of Students' Struggle for Freedom and Democracy. Since the morning of November 17, people have been coming to Narodnaya Street in Prague, bringing candles and flowers.
And all over the world, Students' Day is a day of solidarity and unification of students of all faculties and educational institutions.
The origin of higher education in Russia dates back to the era of Peter I. The first scientific and educational center in the Russian Empire, according to his plan, was to include a University and an Academy. The emperor's decree of January 28, 1724 says: “Grodian people are required who partly know humanities and have some minor art of philosophy and mathematics.”
In the 18th century, the Academic University, the Mining School and the Medical-Surgical Academy were created in St. Petersburg, and in Moscow “the first classical university and the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy.”
Study and everyday life students were regulated by the charter, and those who violated the rules were punished with monetary fines, dressing in peasant clothes, or were deprived of the right to wear a sword. For special merits, the best students received military ranks ahead of schedule.
At the same time, the first scholarship recipients appeared. Their names were preserved in the archives: at the Academic University there were only 23 people on the list, and at Moscow State University - 30. The scholarship was enough for food, the purchase of clothes and books, as well as the rental of private housing. But even in those days, students were looking for additional sources of funds. The greatest income came from translations of foreign books into Russian.
The duration of training was then 3-4 years. Almost all educational institutions were popular. By the end of the 18th century, 12 universities were functioning in the Russian Empire: in St. Petersburg - 7, in Moscow - 3, in Kazan and Kyiv - one each.
A sharp increase in the number of students and an increase in the prestige of education occurred in the period from 1897 to 1908. And, starting from 1914, the number of students in technical educational institutions increased.
Who were the main students of Academies, Universities and Technical Schools? In the same year, 1914, the vast majority of students came from burghers (35.2%), peasants (22%) and nobles (9.8%). It is also important that the path to university was closed for girls from any family.
Currently, Student's Day is a symbolic unification of students from all faculties and all educational institutions! Students on this Day traditionally have fun to the fullest, forgetting about the upcoming session, tests and “tails”. And in educational institutions in honor of this date, KVN games, concerts and other festive events are held.
In Ukraine, on November 17, in addition to the international one, Ukrainian Student Day is also celebrated. This holiday was established by the Decree of President Leonid Kuchma of June 16, 1999 “in support of the initiative of student youth in Ukraine.”
Ecuadorian authorities have denied Julian Assange asylum at the London embassy. The founder of WikiLeaks was detained by British police, and this has already been called the biggest betrayal in the history of Ecuador. Why are they taking revenge on Assange and what awaits him?
Australian programmer and journalist Julian Assange became widely known after the website WikiLeaks, which he founded, published secret documents from the US State Department in 2010, as well as materials related to military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan.
But it was quite difficult to find out who the police, supporting by the arms, were leading out of the building. Assange had grown a beard and looked nothing like the energetic man he had previously appeared in photographs.
According to Ecuadorian President Lenin Moreno, Assange was denied asylum due to his repeated violations of international conventions.
He is expected to remain in custody at a central London police station until he appears at Westminster Magistrates' Court.
Why is the President of Ecuador accused of treason?
Former Ecuadorian President Rafael Correa called the current government's decision the biggest betrayal in the country's history. “What he (Moreno - editor’s note) did is a crime that humanity will never forget,” Correa said.
London, on the contrary, thanked Moreno. The British Foreign Office believes that justice has triumphed. The representative of the Russian diplomatic department, Maria Zakharova, has a different opinion. “The hand of “democracy” is squeezing the throat of freedom,” she noted. The Kremlin expressed hope that the rights of the arrested person will be respected.
Ecuador sheltered Assange because the former president had left-of-center views, criticized U.S. policies and welcomed WikiLeaks' release of secret documents about the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Even before the Internet activist needed asylum, he managed to personally meet Correa: he interviewed him for the Russia Today channel.
However, in 2017, the government in Ecuador changed, and the country set a course towards rapprochement with the United States. The new president called Assange “a stone in his shoe” and immediately made it clear that his stay on the embassy premises would not be prolonged.
According to Correa, the moment of truth came at the end of June last year, when US Vice President Michael Pence arrived in Ecuador for a visit. Then everything was decided. “You have no doubt: Lenin is simply a hypocrite. He has already agreed with the Americans on the fate of Assange. And now he is trying to make us swallow the pill, saying that Ecuador is supposedly continuing the dialogue,” Correa said in an interview with the Russia Today channel.
How Assange made new enemies
The day before his arrest, WikiLeaks editor-in-chief Kristin Hrafnsson said that Assange was under total surveillance. “WikiLeaks uncovered a large-scale spy operation against Julian Assange at the Ecuadorian embassy,” he noted. According to him, cameras and voice recorders were placed around Assange, and the information received was transferred to the Donald Trump administration.
Hrafnsson clarified that Assange was going to be expelled from the embassy a week earlier. This did not happen only because WikiLeaks published this information. A high-ranking source told the portal about the plans of the Ecuadorian authorities, but the head of the Ecuadorian Foreign Ministry, Jose Valencia, denied the rumors.
Assange's expulsion was preceded by the corruption scandal surrounding Moreno. In February, WikiLeaks published a package of INA Papers, which traced the operations of the offshore company INA Investment, founded by the brother of the Ecuadorian leader. Quito said it was a conspiracy between Assange and Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro and former Ecuadorian leader Rafael Correa to overthrow Moreno.
In early April, Moreno complained about Assange's behavior at Ecuador's London mission. “We must protect the life of Mr. Assange, but he has already crossed all boundaries in terms of violating the agreement that we came to with him,” the president said. “This does not mean that he cannot speak freely, but he cannot lie and hack.” ". At the same time, back in February last year it became known that Assange at the embassy was deprived of the opportunity to interact with the outside world, in particular, his Internet access was cut off.
Why Sweden stopped its prosecution of Assange
At the end of last year, Western media, citing sources, reported that Assange would be charged in the United States. This was never officially confirmed, but it was because of Washington’s position that Assange had to take refuge in the Ecuadorian embassy six years ago.
In May 2017, Sweden stopped investigating two rape cases in which the portal’s founder was accused. Assange demanded compensation from the country's government for legal costs in the amount of 900 thousand euros.
Earlier, in 2015, Swedish prosecutors also dropped three charges against him due to the expiration of the statute of limitations.
Where did the investigation into the rape case lead?
Assange arrived in Sweden in the summer of 2010, hoping to receive protection from American authorities. But he was investigated for rape. In November 2010, a warrant was issued for his arrest in Stockholm, and Assange was put on the international wanted list. He was detained in London, but was soon released on bail of 240 thousand pounds.
In February 2011, a British court decided to extradite Assange to Sweden, after which a number of successful appeals followed for the WikiLeaks founder.
British authorities placed him under house arrest before deciding whether to extradite him to Sweden. Breaking his promise to the authorities, Assange asked for asylum at the Ecuadorian embassy, which was granted to him. Since then, the UK has had its own claims against the WikiLeaks founder.
What awaits Assange now?
The man was re-arrested on a US extradition request for publishing classified documents, police said. At the same time, Deputy Head of the British Foreign Ministry Alan Duncan said that Assange would not be sent to the United States if he faced the death penalty there.
In the UK, Assange is likely to appear in court on the afternoon of April 11. This is stated on the WikiLeaks Twitter page. British authorities are likely to seek a maximum sentence of 12 months, the man's mother said, citing his lawyer.
At the same time, Swedish prosecutors are considering reopening the rape investigation. Attorney Elizabeth Massey Fritz, who represented the victim, will seek this.
On November 17 of every year, for more than 70 years, the student world celebrates its international holiday. Student's Day today is a joyful holiday that symbolically unites young men and women from many countries. The history of the origin of the international holiday, however, is by no means so joyful.
International Students Day is traditionally celebrated on November 17th. This date was approved in 1946 in Prague by decision of the World Congress of Students. The memorable date was not chosen by chance; it is dedicated to the Czech students who suffered on this day in 1939 at the hands of the Nazis. A peaceful demonstration in honor of the anniversary of the founding of Czechoslovakia turned into a massacre of the occupiers against those gathered, during which student Jan Opletal was killed. The student's funeral later escalated into a protest, leading to the arrest of more than 1,200 students, their imprisonment in a concentration camp, and the execution of nine activists. As a result, by decision of Hitler, all educational institutions in Czechoslovakia were closed until the end of the war. International Students Day is an occasion to unite all students, regardless of country, educational institution or faculty.
During the occupation of Prague by the Nazis, a youth resistance movement arose, whose members were Prague students. The young people went to a protest demonstration, where they were captured and later executed. In honor of the fearless speech of students against violence and lawlessness, back in 1941, a student conference was held, at which they decided to establish a holiday of student unity and memory, and called it International Students' Day, and the date for its holding was chosen on November 17.
Student time is a special and unique time in the life of every person. Studying, living independently in dormitories and communicating with peers from other cities and countries help form the foundation for subsequent personal development, which is so necessary for the future, so student years are remembered forever, and not only by everyday tasks.
Students love and know how to celebrate! International Day is no exception; it is interesting and fun. Numerous concerts, competitions, KVN, sports competitions, hikes and excursions are traditional events of this day. Also popular literary readings, art song evenings, and, of course, discos. In honor of the International Students' Day, rallies and conferences are organized; young people have the opportunity to meet peers from other countries, make friends with them and get excellent language practice. This day already has its own traditions; many universities reward the best students, and also hold student balls and elect a queen and king.
If there are students among your loved ones, then do not forget to congratulate them on this day.
Congratulations to everyone who “gnaws the granite of science.” We wish you to acquire high-quality knowledge, gain life experience and master professional subtleties, not get sick and think positively and creatively. We wish students to find love and keep it for life!
Holiday traditions
There are some traditions that are associated with this day. Every year on November 17, memorial services for the victims are held without fail, in which representatives of various student and public organizations participate.
Ceremonies are also taking place at the cemetery in the small village of Nakla, where Jan’s grave is located. For example, in 1989, on the fiftieth anniversary of the guy’s death, at a memorial meeting held at the site of his burial, there were more than seventy-five thousand students from the most different countries peace.
In Russia, the tradition of celebrating “Student’s Day” has not yet fully developed. For most, this day is inconspicuous and not significant, for others it is a reason to have fun, only for a small number of students it is a symbolic day of unification, as well as increasing the importance of students in the political and social life of the country.
There are several “Student Days” known in Russia. First- international ( November 17), A second coincides with Tatyana's day ( The 25th of January). Or more precisely, happy day of the Great Martyr Tatiani, who is the patroness of all students. It turns out that one holiday is celebrated before the session, and another after its end.
In fact, not only students, but also working people, pensioners and so on need to know and remember about those young people who died from the fascist regime. We need to pray that peace and tranquility will remain throughout the entire Earth.
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Student time is a carefree and at the same time troublesome time. For some, this is an opportunity to constantly have fun, being away from home, visiting nightclubs, falling in love, falling asleep during classes or skipping them altogether, then nervously and excitedly working off absences in anticipation of the session. For others, it is an investment in their future, the accumulation of knowledge, good academic performance, the development of leadership skills and the key to a successful career.
Nowadays, Student's Day is surrounded by massive youth celebrations, parties, and traditions. Every self-respecting educational institution holds thematic events that allow those who “gnaw” the granite of science to feel special and significant. But this day became festive thanks to tragic events.
International Students' Day is celebrated on November 17th. In Russia it is expected a little later, namely on January 25. We will tell the story of this holiday, figure out why many students were killed and what fascism has to do with it.
3 facts about International Students' Day
- Czechoslovakia was occupied by the Nazis. In 1939, the intelligentsia existed within very restricted boundaries. Therefore, the students decided: they had to go out into the streets and rebel against the Nazi system. The demonstration took place on October 28, but such a protest was brutally suppressed and did not happen without casualties - student Jan Opletal was injured. Unfortunately, the young man was unable to survive despite the operation: on November 11 he died from peritonitis.
- Opletal's funeral was attended by thousands of students and new round protests. As a result, all Czech educational institutions (universities and colleges) were closed and 1,200 students were punished by exile to a concentration camp. The initiative punishes the initiator - 9 more activists were executed on November 17.
- In 1942, three years later, a meeting of students who fought against the fascist system took place in London. It was then that it was decided to proclaim November 17 as International Students' Day to pay tribute to the victims.
Russian Students' Day or Tatiana's Day
The holiday is directly related to the Moscow state university, a cherished place of learning, which is the dream of many who want to receive not only a lot of knowledge, but also a prestigious education. Every year on January 25 in Russia, students celebrate the birthday of the country's main university, which opened in 1755 thanks to Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, Lomonosov and Ivan Shuvalov. Also, this date coincides with the day of death of the early Christian martyr Tatiana, who died in Rome on January 12 (old style). In one of the auxiliary extensions of the old university building, a small church was even erected in honor of the holy martyr. Thus, she became the patroness of all students.
In Moscow, the holiday was initially celebrated loudly and noisily. A Frenchman with an interesting surname, Olivier, gave the hall of his restaurant “Hermitage” to students and teachers of Moscow State University. The Tsar's gendarmes did not stop drunken students, but rather helped them. October Revolution pushed this holiday to the back of the calendar and was rarely remembered. But in 1995, the temple in honor of Tatyana at Moscow State University was reopened, and in 2005 a Decree of the President of the Russian Federation was issued approving the holiday.
This day even has its own traditions. For example, it is customary to light candles for students’ academic successes. Martyr Tatiana needs to be prayed for if a person has any problems with education, and the villagers believed: if a girl is born on this day, she will definitely be a good housewife.
As a result, the question of how old Student’s Day is can be answered in two ways. If this concerns an international scale, then 75 years; if it concerns Russian students, then 262 years. As you can see, in the first case the holiday has an anniversary. Students can catch “freebies” not only in their student records, but also thanks to the many promotions that are held for this day. Perhaps free entry to the skating rink, party or free drink upon presentation of a student card.
Although Russian students celebrate their “professional” holiday on January 25 (the famous Tatyana's Day), this will not prevent them from joining together International Day students, which falls in mid-November.
When is International Students Day celebrated?
International Students" Day is celebrated annually November 17.
history of the holiday
International Students Day was established on November 17, 1946 at the World Congress of Students, which was held in Prague. The holiday is celebrated in memory of Czech patriotic students who died at the hands of the Nazis.
The story that formed the basis of the holiday is connected with a tragic episode of the Second World War. On October 28, 1939, in Nazi-occupied Prague, students and their teachers demonstrated to celebrate the anniversary of the founding of Czechoslovakia (this event occurred on October 28, 1918). The student procession was dispersed; a medical student was shot dead during the suppression of the protest. Jan Braided. Opletal's funeral on November 15, 1939 resulted in a new protest, during which dozens of students were arrested.
On November 17, 1939, Gestapo and SS men burst into student dormitories in Prague early in the morning. More than 1,200 students were arrested and sent to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp, and nine student activists were executed. By order of Hitler, all higher educational institutions in Czechoslovakia were closed, and this continued until the end of the war.
In honor of these events, International Students Day was established at the World Congress of Students. The holiday, which is very popular among students, is celebrated in all countries, including Russia and the countries of the former Soviet Union.
Congratulations on International Students Day
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Student's Day is the best holiday!
Congratulations to everyone, everyone, everyone.
After all, this time is beautiful,
Ahead lies your whole life, success...
I wish you happiness, friendship,
Achievements and victories.
A sea of essential knowledge
And good luck to everyone in the competitions!
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Happy World Students Day today
I want to congratulate everyone, friends!
All those who were students in life,
And those who are still studying.
Students, you are a special people,
I can immediately recognize the student
And, having distinguished, with the international
I want to congratulate you on the holiday!
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Happy Students' Day,
Have fun today
I wish you from the bottom of my heart:
Let life be wonderful
Don't let funny things happen,
Let everythnig will be alright,
There will be tears only from happiness
And more joy!