School uniforms in Western schools: the main thing is that the suit fits. School uniforms in different countries: what children wear in Russia, the USA and Uganda History of school uniforms in different countries

In many of its former colonies the uniform was not abolished even after independence, for example, in India, Ireland, Australia, Singapore, South Africa.

Form In Great Britain is part of the history of the educational institution. Each school has its own uniform, which includes a hat, tie, outerwear and even socks. Each prestigious school has its own logo.

In Germany There has never been a uniform school uniform. Some schools have introduced uniform school clothing that is not a uniform, since students can participate in its design.

In France the situation is similar, each school has its own uniform, but a single school uniform existed only in 1927-1968.

In 1918 the uniform was abolished. After the revolution, they did not think about it until 1949, when tunics with a stand-up collar were introduced for boys, and brown dresses with a black apron were introduced for girls.

In 1962, the boys were dressed in gray wool suits, and in 1973 - in suits made of blue wool blend, with an emblem and aluminum buttons. In the 1980s, blue jackets were made for boys and girls. And in 1992, the school uniform was abolished, and the corresponding line was excluded from the Law “On Education”.

From September 1, 2013 in Russian schools. In some regions, schools will follow the recommendations of local authorities, in others they will set their own requirements for student clothing.

The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources

One in four English schoolchildren don't have to worry about what to wear to class. The solution to this problem has long been the school uniform - an approved set of clothes for boys and girls in Western secondary schools.

At different times, school uniforms looked different in different countries. Until recently, pressed jackets and shirts with starched collars, fancy knee socks and strict length skirts were associated with elite educational institutions for children of wealthy parents. And it’s hard to imagine that school uniforms were originally intended for poor children who had nothing to wear to school at Christ’s Shelter. Their coats were blue because blue dye was the cheapest dye in the 16th century. Since then, schools in which students wear blue coats have been called Bluecoat schools. But even such a conservative Great Britain tends to abandon certain traditions and styles. So, at the end of the 20th century, in many educational institutions, striped blazers were replaced by plain ones, because “stripes” were too expensive.

And the privileged private school Eton School, where only boys from the richest families or heirs of the royal court can study, abandoned the school uniform in the late 60s. The Eton School student's suit looked like this: a wide white starched collar, a vest and a short black jacket. Today this school uniform is worn in specialized choir schools for boys.

At another private school, Sevenoaks School, which is one of the three oldest schools in England, all students are required to wear a uniform. Boys aged 7 to 11 wear blazers and trousers, girls wear blazers and kilts. When children enter sixth grade, they put on special costumes. The form is also provided for play activities. A set of clothes can be purchased in a special school store or on its website.

The American school uniform differs between private and public schools. In regular high schools you rarely see a sundress or a plaid skirt on girls, and blazers on boys. In US public schools, boys most often wear sneakers or sneakers, which is not acceptable in most private schools. In many schools, boys and girls wear a T-shirt and jumper in a specific color with the school logo on it.

In German secondary schools, school uniforms were almost never introduced. In addition, they prefer to call the uniform “clothes for school” (Schulkleidung). For example, in the schools of Hamburg-Sinstorf and Friesenheim, girls and boys wear stylish shirts and sweaters in blue or red. In addition, some German schools produce their own branded clothing, which is both fashionable and honorable to wear.

But students of Italian schools are still forced to dress in long shirts with white collars - grembiuli, which resemble at the same time a nightgown, tunic and robe of an artist. For graduates of Western high schools, the uniform remains forever in the memory. Someone dreams of putting on a jumper with a school badge again or proudly tying a tie, while others, many years later, have nightmares about a terrible, movement-restricting, creepy-colored uniform.

Perhaps the most fashionable school wardrobe today is that of Japanese schoolgirls. Young manga lovers are so delighted with short skirts, white knee socks, and most importantly, “sailor pants” (sera fuku), that they are ready to wear them even outside of school.

Today, school uniforms are incredibly popular among teenagers. The heroes of the Harry Potter films made the school uniform a symbol of being chosen, American comedies showed rebellious schoolboys and schoolgirls, and Japanese anime forced girls all over the world to devote a special place in their closets to skirts, socks and ties. In comfortable and stylish clothes, the learning process becomes even more enjoyable, which is why many boys and girls are happy to put on their school uniform and go to class.

To see with your own eyes how much time the descendants of conservative Englishmen spend dressing up for physical education and how young goths or emos put up with the dress code in Western schools, you can take a tour of American or English high schools. And it’s even better to sit at the same desk with those who managed to give up jeans for a while for the sake of quality education and an interesting pastime.

Few people know, but the first copies of school uniforms appeared back in the 15th century, and since then they have been solemnly marching around the world. Most schools in developed countries have introduced uniforms, what explains its popularity?

• It is impossible to understand the family’s wealth, gender or ethnic differences from the form;
• From childhood, students are taught a formal style of dress;
• A sense of team and collectivism develops;
• School uniforms do not allow subcultures to develop and actively demonstrate their views.

Each country has its own concepts of what student uniforms should be. The most conservative traditions have been preserved in Great Britain, where almost every school or college has its own insignia.

In Eastern countries, the form only emphasizes national traditions and is strikingly different from their European counterparts. A striking example of this is Malaysia and Oman. It is also interesting that Bhutanese schoolchildren do not carry briefcases or bags at all. They carry writing instruments and textbooks in special pockets of their school uniform.

The uniform of schoolchildren in Australia and New Zealand is as simple and convenient as possible. Skirt, shorts, jumper or shirt: no strict ironed creases, jackets or stand-up collar: comfort comes first.

Japanese schoolchildren dress simply and comfortably: pleated skirts or trousers, shirts, ties.

But the uniform of Brazilian children is more like a suit for playing football. But it's convenient.

Uniforms in Russia have also undergone significant changes: in lower grades you can increasingly see children dressed in plain or checkered suits, but high school students do not deny themselves the pleasure of showing off clothes “a la the USSR.”

Nigeria, Congo, Kenya - the local uniform is distinguished by the most loose cut (of course, in Africa the climate is still completely different), however, not all educational institutions supported the introduction of universal clothing.

Vietnamese schoolchildren resemble vacationers from Artek (turquoise bottoms in combination with a light shirt and a contrasting tie look very colorful). In Cuba, the uniforms have similarities with clothing from the communist past. It depends on the author, but the schoolchildren are very reminiscent of the pioneers.

In Colombia, Singapore and a number of other countries, schoolchildren’s clothing is discreet and even boring.

In Uzbekistan, they decided not to adhere to the national color, so school uniforms have a simple and recognizable cut.

In India, some schools still have not abolished the sari, which replaces the uniform, but most educational institutions have introduced more comfortable clothing. In Turkmenistan, you can see national patterns and ornaments on clothes, but the cut is quite typical.

It is difficult to judge schools and the people as a whole based on uniforms, because very few countries have not lost their individuality and even their school clothes are traditional and unusual. Which shape would you like best?

Municipal state educational institution "Lobanikhinskaya secondary school"

ABSTRACT: “School uniforms in different countries of the world”

Work completed:

Bogatyreva Olga,

9th grade student

Supervisor:

Barsukova Valentina Vasilievna,

German language teacher

With. Lobanikha, 2016

Introduction………………………………………………………… 3-4

Chapter 1. The history of the appearance of school uniforms…………......5-6

Chapter 2. School uniforms in European countries………….7-8

Chapter 3. School uniforms in Asian countries…………….9-10

Chapter 4. School uniforms in African countries…………..11

Conclusion………………………………………………………12

Bibliography……………………………………………..13

2. Introduction.

The topic “School uniforms in different countries of the world” is very relevant in our time, because... Almost all schools in the world have introduced school uniforms, and it is the uniform that remains a controversial issue. School uniform is the everyday uniform for students while they are at school and at official school events outside of school.

There are different points of view on whether schoolchildren need a standard uniform at all. The main opinions and the arguments supporting them are as follows.

Arguments for:

A school uniform, like any uniform, disciplines, leads to cohesion, and contributes to the development in students of a sense of community, collectivism, a common cause and the presence of common goals.

The uniform eliminates (or at least limits) the possibility of competition between students (and their parents) in clothing, significantly reduces the visual difference between students from families of different financial means, preventing stratification along the “rich/poor” principle.

A unified uniform standard, if adopted at the state level, ensures that schoolchildren’s clothing will meet sanitary and hygienic requirements and will not adversely affect their health.

If a uniform uniform exists, its production can be targeted with subsidies, keeping prices low and relieving poor families of part of the burden of the cost of educating their children.

Arguments against:

Form is an element of equalizing education and training.

The Convention on the Rights of the Child states that every child has the right to express his or her individuality in the way he or she pleases.

School uniforms limit freedom of expression and are a means of deindividuation of school students.

The requirement to wear a uniform is in itself a form of violence against the individual; the requirement to strictly adhere to the uniform can, if desired, be arbitrarily interpreted by school employees and used for groundless persecution of unwanted students.

The uniform may be too expensive for poor families.

The above arguments are a kind of sociological survey conducted among residents of different countries of the world. We see that there are the same number of arguments for and against. Based on this, we see what problems can arise with the acquisition of school uniforms and their use.

Each school still decides on the issue of introducing uniforms independently, and the decision is made at the school council, which must include teachers, parents, and the students themselves, necessarily in equal proportions.

I would like to express my opinion. I am not in favor of introducing a school uniform, but I am not against it either. I don't think school uniforms discipline.

To become more disciplined, that is, to change due to not wearing something, in my opinion, is not realistic. I agree that the lack of a uniform school uniform increases social inequality, but I sincerely do not understand why denim cannot become a school uniform? In my opinion, students will agree to a school uniform only if they are given the right to choose: style, color, length of skirts - it doesn’t matter what, the main thing is that they have the right to choose, the right to their individuality.

3. Chapter1. The history of the appearance of school uniforms.

Now, as before, there are many reasons for and against wearing a school uniform. Let's take a look at how school uniforms developed in Rus' and other countries.

In Rus' in the X-XIII centuries There is no question of any school uniform, because Education in Rus' was at a low level at that time. It is with the era of Peter 1 that historians associate fundamental changes in the educational sphere. At this time, not only school institutions were opened, which were an order of magnitude higher than the very first schools, but also new schools and lyceums. However, school uniforms were never included in this reform.

This happened later - in 1834. It was in this year that a law was adopted that approved a separate type of civilian uniform. These included gymnasium and student uniforms.

The caps were usually light blue and with a black visor, and a crumpled cap with a broken visor was considered especially chic among boys... There was also a weekend or holiday uniform: a dark blue or dark gray uniform with a trimmed silver collar. An invariable attribute of high school students was a backpack. The style of the uniform changed several times, as did the fashion of the time.

At the same time, the development of women's education began. Therefore, student uniforms were required for girls as well. The girls' uniform was approved a full 60 years later than the boys' uniform - in 1896, and... as a result, the first outfit for schoolgirls appeared. It was a very strict and modest outfit. But the uniform for girls will delight us with familiar brown dresses and aprons - it was these suits that were the basis for the uniform of Soviet schools. And the same white collars, the same modest style 1.

School tradition of ancient Egypt much deeper and richer than any school tradition, since it was formed and developed over several thousand years. Only noble Egyptian youths could study: the children of the pharaoh and his family, the children of priests and high-ranking officials, or only occasionally those who really wanted to study. There was no school uniform as such yet.

But later at school the form of clothing was a short chiton and light armor with artistic decoration and chlamys- this is a piece of dense fabric thrown over the shoulders and fastened at the shoulder and chest. For centuries, this uniform remained the unchanged model for boys in training.

In India, all students had to come to classes in certain clothes -“kurta” and “pajama” - a long shirt and wide pants.

Since the beginning of our era in Japan and to this day a special tradition has developed. Almost every school has its own uniform. Now almost always

school uniform in Japan “sailor fuku” is a sailor suit, a skirt and bows

girls. She has already become a kind of symbol. For modern Japanese

1 Svetlana Leontyeva. Soviet school uniform: canon and everyday life // Fashion Theory. 2008, no. 8

girls - this is more than just a school uniform - it is a full-fledged

fashion style. "Gakuran" is worn by boys in Japan - these are dark-colored trousers and a jacket with a stand-up collar. In different schools in Japan, the colors of the uniform are different and highlight the students.

As for Europe, pagan, ancient and Christian traditions were intertwined in education and training in the Middle Ages. Church schools occupied a special place in the education system. The school uniform was naturally ordinary monastic clothing, however, there is no information about its mandatory nature 2 .

Uniform clothing for schoolchildren in Europe appeared in England for the first time since ancient times: in 1552, the Christ’s Hospital school was founded for orphans and children from poor families. For students, a costume was introduced consisting of a dark blue jacket with ankle-length tails, a vest, a leather belt and trousers just below the knees. The form has remained approximately in this form to this day, the only difference is that these days the students of Christ’s Hospital are no longer orphans, but the future economic and cultural elite of Great Britain.

At the beginning of the 19th century, many English schools introduced not only school uniforms, but also codes of conduct, the violation of which could lead to the expulsion of the student. At the same time, students from various private schools came up with a complex system of rules for “internal prestige”: how many buttons are fastened on a uniform blazer; at what angle is the hat worn; how the laces on the shoes are tied; whether a student carries a school bag, holding it by one handle or both... These symbols were invisible to outsiders, but the students understood each other’s place in the school hierarchy.

School uniforms were introduced in all colonies of the British Empire: in India and Australia, in New Zealand and South Africa, in the Caribbean islands. The uniform was the same for all colonies, but although suitable for the English climate, it caused inconvenience in hot countries.

But in Germany there has never been a school uniform. Even during the reign of the Third Reich. Only members of the Hitler Youth wore special uniforms. Some German schools have introduced elements of school uniforms, but what exactly the uniform to wear is chosen by the children themselves.

There is no consensus on the benefits or harms of mandatory uniform school clothing. The history of the creation of school uniforms and its development is contradictory, and does not answer the question: is it necessary? But one thing is for sure, school clothes should remain only school clothes.

2 The origin of the school and the history of the school uniform - http://www.istorya.ru/articles/school_uniform.php

4. Chapter 2. School uniforms in European countries.

Both parents and children want to emphasize that the child belongs to a higher status as a student. Agree that this cannot be achieved by simply buying your child a briefcase or getting a new haircut. A radical change is needed, such that the first glance at the child makes it clear who is in front of you 3.

Consider school uniforms in Germany. In Germany There has never been a uniform school uniform. Some schools have introduced uniform school clothing that is not a uniform, since students can participate in its design.

In France the situation is similar to that in Germany. Compulsory school uniforms existed in France from 1927 to 1968. But now politicians are again discussing the introduction of compulsory school uniforms. They are puzzled by the desire of children to outdo each other with expensive outfits and provocative clothes, especially among girls. In the meantime, during classes, schoolchildren can use special school coats that remind us of laboratory ones. Each class may differ in its color.

Uniforms in Great Britain are part of the history of the institution. Each school has its own uniform, which includes a hat, tie, outerwear and even socks. Each prestigious school has its own logo. The introduction of school uniforms in modern Britain is justified by the fact that representatives of the Ministry of Education believe that a uniform style of school uniform helps maintain discipline and also influences the positive behavior of the student. Also, school uniforms blur the line between students of all races and classes.
Since England is a country that observes many centuries-old traditions, the design of the uniforms of many prestigious educational institutions has not changed for several decades (or even hundreds) of years.

School uniforms from Italy are classic and modern sophistication. Today, almost every educational institution has its own requirements for school uniforms. It should not be provocative or very bright. Colors of restrained shades are welcome. Italian school clothes are particularly durable, as they are designed for daily wear.

Turkey - a compulsory school uniform, each school has its own color, but the same style: for boys - a suit, for girls - a blouse, jumper and skirt, for everyone - a tie in the school colors. This emphasizes that everyone is equal, regardless of the social and financial status of their parents.

In Belgium, only some Catholic schools and private schools founded by the British have school uniforms. Typical clothing is dark blue trousers and skirts, a white or light blue shirt and tie.

3 Pedagogical book - School uniforms these days

In Cuba, uniforms are mandatory for all students in schools and higher education institutions.

In Poland, the uniform has been completely abolished and its private introduction by individual schools is prohibited.

The Ministry of Education in Luxembourg has advocated that the decision on school uniforms should be made by each school individually. However, this proposal was not approved by the House of Representatives. Dialogue between parents, teachers and students did not lead to an optimal solution that would satisfy all parties. Therefore, in the coming school year, the school uniform will remain the same. And in the 2015-2016 school year, schoolchildren will be able to wear dark blue jeans if they wish.

5. Chapter 3. School uniforms in Asian countries.

In Japan, school uniforms appeared at the end of the 19th century. Nowadays, most private and public schools have school uniforms.

The Japanese word for uniform is seifuku (制服?).

Gakuran (Japanese: 学らん?) or tsume-eri (Japanese: 詰め襟?) is a male uniform in many middle and high schools in Japan. Usually gakuran is black, but in some schools it can be dark blue or brown.

Gakuran comes from a type of Prussian military uniform. The word is a combination of the characters gaku (学), meaning "to study" or "student", and ran (らん or 蘭), meaning Holland or, historically in Japan, the entire West; thus, gakuran is translated as "Western Disciple".

Sailor suit ( Japanese セーラー服 se:ra:-fuku?) a common type of uniform worn by girls in middle and high school and, sometimes, in elementary school. It was first introduced as a school uniform by the rector of Fukuoka University Jo Gakuin ( Japanese福岡女学院?) Elizabeth Lee. It was created based on the form of the British Royal Navy from the time Lee was an exchange student at Great Britain.

Unlike the gakuran, the sailor suit has many different variations in appearance. Typically the uniform consists of a blouse with a sailor collar and a pleated skirt. Depending on the season, the details of the costume may vary: different sleeve lengths and material. Sometimes a ribbon is tied at the front and pulled through a loop on the blouse. Tapes can be used instead tie, bow or neckerchief. The most common colors for the uniform are: dark blue, white, grey, light green and black.

Shoes, socks and other accessories are sometimes also part of the uniform. Socks are usually dark blue, white or black. Shoes brown or black 4.

Consider school uniforms in South Korea. Almost all South Korean secondary students wear a uniform called Gyobok. Most primary schools, apart from some private primary schools, do not have uniforms; however, the uniform is strictly checked from the beginning of high school. A typical South Korean uniform usually consists of a shirt, sports jacket and tie, with skirts for girls and gray trousers for boys.

A typical Korean school uniform for a boy usually includes a jacket, white collared, long-sleeved shirt, tie, trousers and outerwear during the Winter season. A Korean girl's school uniform usually consists of a bow, a white collared shirt with sleeves, a vest, a pleated skirt and an outerwear for winter and white socks. Nail polish and cosmetics were generally not allowed until

4 School uniform: Japan. (English) - http://histclo.com/schun/country/jap/schunjap.html

Many municipal departments of education have not enacted "Student Rights Actions, which include freedom of uniform and freedom of hairstyle 5.

School uniforms in China are not introduced in all public schools. However, most students are required to wear a uniform until high school. The Chinese school uniform often resembles a tracksuit. The uniform in mainland China usually consists of two sets: summer and winter. The winter set for boys includes a sweater (or windbreaker with a zipper) and trousers. A summer set usually consists of a white shirt with a collar and shorts or trousers. The winter uniform for girls is identical to the uniform for boys. But summer options allow you to wear not only trousers, but also skirts. Most Chinese schools require wearing red ties or badges 6 .

School uniform in an Uzbek school
In this country, young people under 25 make up approximately 60 percent of the population, so school uniforms are quite common here. This is a simple and comfortable form, made in blue and white colors.

School uniform in a school in Bhutan
Simple, beautiful and traditional. These epithets best describe this school uniform, which can be assumed to be part of the cultural heritage.

8 School uniforms in the world. School uniforms in Africa - http://worldschooluniform.ru/photo/shkolnaja_forma_v_afrike/52

7. Conclusion

The goal and objectives set in the work have been achieved. In particular, the task is to learn more about school uniforms in different countries of the world, to learn about their appearance, about the colors, to find out why this particular clothing was chosen as the school uniform of a particular country or school.

So, we can conclude that school uniforms are not the same in different countries. Her choice depends on the climatic conditions of the country, the level of its education, the time of the appearance of the school uniform and the reasons for which it appeared.
Another thing that can be said about the form is that it depends on the financial situation of the country and religious beliefs. Different countries treat uniforms differently. In some countries, uniform is a mandatory attribute of every student, in others it is optional. It is important to note that in some countries students themselves design their own school uniform.

I believe that it is very important to wear what you are comfortable in, and I support the point of view of those countries that give students the opportunity to “make” their own uniform. But I don’t support those who abolish it altogether, because... I believe that the uniform disciplines and makes everyone who somehow differs in social status equal.

Bibliography:

Svetlana Leontyeva. Soviet school uniform: canon and everyday life // Fashion Theory. 2008, no. 8

The origin of the school and the history of the school uniform - http://www.istorya.ru/articles/school_uniform.php

Pedagogical book – School uniforms today

School uniform: Japan. (English) - http://histclo.com/schun/country/jap/schunjap.html

School uniforms in Asia -http://worldschooluniform.ru/publ/shkolnaja_forma_v_kitae/1-1-0-4

School uniform in South Korea (English) - http://ru.knowledgr.com/18840639/School Uniform in South Korea.

School uniforms in Thailand - Articles about school uniforms - http://worldschooluniform.ru/publ/shkolnaja_forma_v_tailan1-042

School uniforms around the world. School uniforms in Africa - http://worldschooluniform.ru/photo/shkolnaja_forma_v_afrike/52

In 1984, a blue three-piece suit was introduced for girls, consisting of an A-line skirt with pleats at the front, a jacket with patch pockets and a vest. The skirt could be worn with either a jacket or a vest, or the whole suit at once. A mandatory addition to the school uniform, depending on the age of the student, was the October (in primary school), Pioneer (in middle school) or Komsomol (in high school) badges.

The school uniform, familiar to today's students from Soviet films, became mandatory after the Great Patriotic War - in 1949. From now on, boys were required to wear military tunics with a stand-up collar, and girls - brown woolen dresses with a black apron, and on holidays the dress could be black and the apron white. Fashionable school uniforms appeared in our country in the 1970s, although only for boys. Gray wool trousers and jackets were replaced with trousers and jackets made of blue wool blend fabric. The cut of the jackets was reminiscent of classic denim jackets.

In Russia, a single school uniform was worn throughout the second half of the 20th century, but the first law introducing a uniform uniform was adopted back in the 19th century. In 1834, a general system of all civilian uniforms in the empire was approved - this system included gymnasium and student uniforms. Until 1917, uniforms were a sign of class, since only children of wealthy parents could afford to attend a gymnasium. However, soon after the revolution, as part of the fight against bourgeois remnants and the legacy of the tsarist police regime, a decree was issued in 1918 abolishing the wearing of school uniforms.

In Turkey, almost all schoolchildren in all public and private educational institutions wear a uniform. The most common color of the uniform is blue. School clothes differ between elementary and high school students. For example, girls exchange sundresses and long dresses for knee-length skirts, shirts and vests.

Japanese schoolchildren are very fond of their uniform, which dates back to the 19th century. It is one of the main symbols of the country and is very popular among tourists. Girls wear “sailor fuku” - a sailor suit, low-heeled shoes and knee-length socks. To prevent long socks from slipping off during the day, schoolgirls glue them to their feet with special glue. Boys in Japan wear "gakuran" - it is a dark jacket with a row of buttons and a stand-up collar, as well as trousers.

School uniforms in India are worn throughout school life. Moreover, single-color saris are worn as school uniforms only in some Indian schools. In most schools, girls wear shirts and skirts, and boys wear dark trousers and a light shirt. Sometimes sets are complemented by ties.

US public schools have never had strict requirements for the appearance of schoolchildren, so a student in jeans, a colored T-shirt and sneakers is a typical appearance of an American schoolchild. However, since the mid-90s, uniforms have been introduced, but they do not differ in business style. These are usually single-color T-shirts, shorts, trousers or dark-colored skirts. If the school is private, then most likely there will be a uniform with the obligatory school emblem. Unlike other countries, all US schools have a mandatory dress code, which is set by the school itself. Among the main requirements is not to wear miniskirts, transparent blouses, T-shirts with obscene inscriptions, etc.

Great Britain is famous for its conservatism when it comes to choosing school uniforms. School uniforms in England have not only always been compulsory, but have not changed in many prestigious educational institutions for decades. Traditionally, the prestige of a school was determined by the fabric, color and emblem patches on a tie or jacket. And until now, British clothing for schoolchildren is always a complete set, which includes a formal jacket or sweater, shirt, tie, skirt or trousers, shoes and even knee socks or socks.