How many irregular verbs are there in Italian? Irregular verbs in Italian. Italian dialects - will we understand each other?

Verbs in the Italian language are characterized by the indispensable presence of such an important grammatical category as tense, reflecting the relationship of actions (or states) with the real time of their commission, both in relation to directly informing interlocutors about their actual implementation (the moment of speech - absolute time), and in relation to another action or another time period (relative time).

Similar lessons on verbs:

At the same time, the language structures a very complex, branched and interconnected structure of various tense forms. Thus, the corresponding verbal tense word forms (present - the action occurs in the present time period, past - the action occurred in the past time period - and future - the action will only be realized in the future time period) are in the indicative (Indicativo (leggere (stentato) - read with difficulty - one f-ma present (Presente - noi leggiamo (stentato)), five - past (Imperfetto - noi leggevamo (stentato), Passato prossimo - noi abbiamo letto (stentato), Passato remoto - noi leggemmo (stentato), Trapassato prossimo - noi avevamo letto (stentato) and Trapassato remoto - noi avemmo letto (stentato)) and two - future (Futuro semplice - noi leggeremo (stentato), Futuro anteriore - noi avremo letto (stentato )), imperative (Imperativo - leggere (stentato) - read with difficulty - one form of the present (Presente - leggiamo (stentato)), conditional (Condizionale - leggere (stentato) - read with difficulty - one form of the present (Presente - noi leggeremmo (stentato)) and one - past (Passato - noi avremmo letto (stentato)) and subjunctive (Congiuntivo - one form of the present (Presente - che noi leggiamo (stentato)), and three forms of the past (Imperfetto - che noi leggessimo (stentato), Passato - che noi abbiamo letto (stentato) and Trapassato - che noi avessimo letto (stentato)) moods.

Moreover, these word forms can vary depending on the method of their inflection, breaking down into simple ones (through one base verb through the addition of indicative inflections to its infinitive stem - bere (sopra un dolore) - drown (sorrow in wine) - tu bev+i ( Presente indicativo) (sopra un dolore) - tu bev+evi (Imperfetto indicativo) (sopra un dolore) - che tu bev+a (Congiuntivo Presente) (sopra un dolore), etc.) and compound (based on two related verbal units - auxiliary (avere, essere) and basic - bere (sopra un dolore) - drown (sorrow in wine) - io + ho (auxiliary avere) + (past clause of the main) bevuto (Passato prossimo) (sopra un dolore) - io + avrei (aux. avere) + (past part. main) bevuto (Passato condizionale) (sopra un dolore), etc.) elements.

In general, we can consider about fifteen basic tense forms within the framework of four Italian moods, characterized by the peculiarities of their speech application and structural construction of forms. The most obvious way to reveal the above-mentioned features is the tabular method, which we will use below.

table of tenses of Italian verbs - features of use in speech

In Italian, the pronoun is most often omitted in colloquial speech.

But if you can omit I / You / He / she(pronoun), then the action (i.e. verb) cannot be omitted! Therefore, it is extremely important to remember that

There MUST be a verb in the sentence!

It is through it that the meaning of any sentence is conveyed. It is by the end of the verb that you can understand who exactly speaks, writes, thinks, rides, sleeping, eating etc.

In Italian, verbs are divided into 3 groups depending on their ending:

The rule of work is the same for everyone.

In the infinitive (i.e. the verb sounds like buying t, pi t, opening t, but I'm not the one who bought it ayu, they drink ut, he opens no) there is a basis and an ending (its own for each group).

Your task: remove the ending and add the desired letter/letters to the stem, depending on the pronoun (whom we are talking about).

There are a lot of verbs in Italian with the suffix - isc, so we showed you in the table how the verb will change not only in the ending.

Noi lavoriamo (lavorare) in fabbrica. – We work in a factory.
Loro prendono (prendere) un giorno di riposo. – They take one day off.
Laura parte (partire) domani sera. – Laura is leaving tomorrow evening.
Tu non capisci (capire) niente. – You do not understand anything.

Of course, it should be noted that in Italian there are verbs that are not conjugated according to general rule, their forms just need to be learned, but you can cope with this without any problems once the basic principles of working with the language settle in your head.

We will look at the most important of them in the next lesson.

Just remember that the rule for working with all verbs is the same:
removed the ending and added the necessary letters to the base!

In this lesson we will also look at question words in Italian. We are already familiar with some from previous lessons:

For example:

Io vivo in Italy da due anni – I have been living in Italy for 2 years.

If we ask a simple question without a question word, we highlight it with intonation:

Tu vivi in ​​Italy? – Do you live in Italy?

If there is a question word or phrase, for example, da quanto tempo (how long), then we put it at the beginning of the sentence:

Da quanto tempo vivi in ​​Italy? – How long (how long?) have you lived in Italy?

That's all! We just have to do exercises to consolidate all the material that we talked about in this topic.

When using the Italian language you are also immediately confronted with Italian verb conjugation. Especially when starting to learn the Italian language you have to constantly practice the Italian verb conjugation. Although the Italian verb conjugation can be very tricky, it is not that hard to learn. One way is to use the bab.la Italian verb conjugation tool. With the bab.la Italian verb conjugation tool you can quickly get the conjugation of the different Italian verbs and can practice them on a daily basis. If you are looking for a more fun way to practice and learn the Italian verb conjugation you can also use the many bab.la Italian verb conjugation quizzes and games. With the bab.la Italian Quizz you can test your knowledge in an adventurous way. You can choose between different categories and refresh your Italian verb conjugation skills. Another fun possibility to improve your Spanish verb conjugation skills is to use our bab.la Italian Games. You have many different games which allow you to learn new Italian verb conjugation and also repeat the Italian verb conjugation you already know. With games like Hangman or Memorize learning Italian verb conjugation is a lot of fun and you will make progress really quickly. As you can see, there are many ways to practice Italian verb conjugation and the bab.la Italian verb conjugation is a great tool when it comes to Italian verb conjugation. Explore the world of Italian verb conjugation now!

Italian is an easy language to learn, especially when compared to Russian and Chinese. But, still, there are several points that are complex, which are not in the Russian language, but which you need to know. To become fluent in the language, you need to learn the irregular verbs that are found in Italian along with the regular verbs. Irregular verbs are those that cannot be conjugated according to certain rules. Also, when conjugated by person and number, irregular verbs change their root.

The first two most important irregular verbs are: the verb “to be” - essere and the verb “to have” - avere. These verbs are important because they help form complex tenses of other verbs.

The first verb "to be" is essere.

io I — sono exist

tu you — sei exist

lui, lei he, she - and exists

noi we - siamo exist

voi you — siete exist

loro they - sono exist

The second verb “to have” is avere.

io I - ho have

tu you — hai have

lui, lei he, she - ha has

noi we - abbiamo have

voi you — avete have

loro they – hanno have

Especially many verbs of the second and third conjugations are irregular.

Forms of verbs are called strong when the stress falls on the root, and if the root falls on the ending and if this is the correct conjugation, then this form is called weak.

There are no specific simple rules for determining the relationship between the infinitive and the corresponding forms of irregular verbs, so you just need to memorize the corresponding forms.

There is also another type of irregular verbs that have “uo” in strong forms or “o” in weak forms with emphasis on the ending of the verb:

tonare - to rattle, rumble;

io I — tuono rumble;

tu you - tuoni rumble;

lui, lei he, she - tuona rumbles;

noi we - toniamo thunder;

voi you – tonate rumble;

loro they - tuonano rumble.

Some verbs in condizionale and future have syncopation - stress on the last syllable:

godere – to use, enjoy: godro, godrei.

Some irregular verbs Italian language When forming moods, two different roots are used. For example, andare – to go, in which some forms are formed from the root and- (andrei, andato), and other forms are formed from the root vad- (vado, vada).

Compound verbs are usually conjugated in the same way as the corresponding simple verbs.

Irregular first conjugation Italian verbs:

andare – walk, go;

dare - to give;

stare – to stare, stare

andare - to walk, to go:

io I - vado I'm coming

tu you – vai you go

lui, lei he, she – va goes

noi we – andiamo we are going

voi you – andate go

loro they – vanno are coming

Irregular second conjugation Italian verbs

Irregular verbs of the second conjugation form two groups: strong verbs, in which the irregularity lies in the fact that the stress falls on the root in passato remoto and participio passato. The second group consists of verbs with the remaining “irregularities”.

First list:

acceʽndere acce’si acce’so;

alluʽdere allusi alluso;

affliggere afflissi afflitto;

dipeʽndere dipe'si dipe'so.

Irregular Italian verbs of the third conjugation

For example, the following verbs have irregular forms in Particip. passato and Passato remote:

aprire apro apersi and aprii aperto;

offrire offro offersi and offrii offerto;

coprire copro copersi and coprii coperto.

The Italian language is very beautiful! But what’s most interesting is that with such seeming verbosity of Italians, their language is also very laconic. They even often omit pronouns (usually they omit, and not “don’t use” - and it’s clear what they’re talking about). And this is clear only from the verb. They (verbs) can also be very short: Va = coming.

To better remember the conjugations of Italian verbs, put them in a table not alphabetically, but by topic: “Verbs of motion”, “Verbs of speech”, “Modal verbs”, etc. Below is a table as an example. You can download and print the table, but you can also check each version of the verb using your textbooks (it’s better to remember). Or even simpler - make your own table and enter the values ​​there yourself.

After this, you definitely need to collect a bank of examples for each word. You don’t need to set this as an end in itself, but along the way of learning the Italian language, accumulate examples and mark with a marker in this table which words already have examples - on paper and in your head.))

Conjugator of Italian verbs: http://italingua.info/verbi/

See table...

Sometimes there are discrepancies in different sources. In the Italian language textbook, the noi form of parere (to seem) is indicated as pariamo, and the above conjugator