When getting rid of unnecessary things - be it selling an old car, donating unworn items of clothing or children's toys - we often think that these things will be useful to someone, or the sale will bring us some profit, or we will hear words of gratitude. But it’s all empty. Why not think, first of all, that we are getting rid of something unnecessary in our lives that took up a lot of space and brought virtually no benefit?
Financial gurus often advise making selling extra items another source of money. It's hard to disagree with this. And yet, another aspect is much more important: removing from sight many objects that only interfere and even distract from more useful activities and acquisitions. Sounds crazy? Let's figure out what is our priority in this case and ask ourselves a few questions.
Why do I need so much junk?
When it comes to everyday things, everyone's attitude towards them is different. Some people are annoyed by outdated and non-functional items, while others are unbearably sorry to part with them. Others may come up with a place for something and forget about it rather than throw it away. But at some point, there is more savings than there is space in the house. Once this happens, it becomes obvious that something needs to be gotten rid of. There is a good solution for reducing the number of things without much effort.
First of all, let's understand one truth: if I had fewer things, it would be easier for me to manage them. But the most difficult thing is to decide: what exactly can I get rid of without regret? 
A few reasons why we keep so many things
Our discoveries
They begin from the minute the process of getting rid of trash begins (that’s what we’ll call everything unnecessary). The empty space that we were so afraid of turns out to be freedom, and it’s just time to start celebrating the day of liberation. It turns out that friends are actually completely uninterested in what furniture they sit or lie on. They didn't come to sit on your plush sofa at all. It is much more pleasant for them to chat, drink tea or beer together, at the kitchen table or on the balcony, or even sitting on a wooden floor. 
What makes you happy?
Where does our precious energy go? We have too easily convinced ourselves that the recipe for happiness is wealth, fame and power. Such fetishes are the most important for some, but are such a global state as happiness exhausted by them? Let's try to dwell on three significant concepts and connect our personal experience. Let’s repeat it like a mantra: I’m most often happy when I:
If you asked this question, it means that you did not quite understand the essence of what was said above. Note that spiritual concepts most often directly imply the participation of quite tangible objects. Money and high-tech gadgets can be extremely helpful in our pursuit of goodness and beauty. Nobody talks about floating above the ground. But there is no direct need to subordinate your existence to the accumulation of things.
What is needed and what is not needed: how to figure it out?
Finding out what it really takes to thrive is much easier than it seems. Let's try to figure out what things really matter and make us happier. When sorting through your “rubles,” ask yourself a few questions that will significantly simplify the task, and you can easily decide what to keep, and what to donate, sell, or send to a landfill.
Help from a friend
It is quite possible that the help of a friend or girlfriend will be invaluable. How? When going shopping, it is useful to take with you a friend with a sober view of things, who can stop, suggest, and dissuade you from buying an initially unnecessary item. She knows the way about your goal - to get rid of excess and not replenish unnecessary supplies. This game will appeal to both her and you. And most importantly, there will be real benefits for your wallet and home.
And if you have a friend who is not too lazy to sort out your papers, old books and records and take all the moral and physical trash out into the street - this will be a huge gift! You will breathe easily. You will feel happy and free, which, in essence, is the same thing.
What to do with things that you no longer need, but you can’t throw away?
Here you can return to the question of money, which is never superfluous. If you don't have anyone willing to snap up your extra items, you might consider one of the following options:
- Donate your clothes, household appliances, and obsolete gadgets to a thrift store.
- Put something up for sale on Internet resources like Avito or eBay.
- Give your things to those who need them. There are special funds that accept clothing and household items to help the poor.
All over the world, yard sales are practiced - you put out everything you don't need, some are sold, some are given away. You can even come up with a prize draw.
And then you will return to your slightly empty apartment and breathe freely. And you say to yourself: “Why did I need so much junk?”
Part 1 The answers to tasks 1–24 are a word, phrase, number or sequence of words, numbers. Write the answer in the answer field in the text of the work, and then transfer it to ANSWER FORM No. 1 to the right of the assignment number, starting from the first cell, no spaces, commas and other additional characters. Write each letter or number in a separate box in accordance with the samples given in the form.Read the text and complete tasks 1–3. (1) For centuries, Egyptologists have tried to find out whether there is any pattern in the location of the great pyramids of Egypt, and if there is, what it is. (2) Once engineer Robert Bauvel, who lived in Egypt for a long time and was interested in the mysteries of the pyramids, saw on TV a star map on which was depicted Milky Way and the constellation Orion. (3)….. the engineer understood: the location of the pyramids relative to the Nile completely repeats the location of the stars of Orion relative to the Milky Way.
1. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the MAINinformation contained in the text?1) For a long time, Egyptologists around the world could not solve the mystery of the location of the ancient pyramids.2) Robert Bauvel revealed one of the secrets of the pyramids, guessing that their location repeats the location of the stars of Orion relative to the Milky Way.3) For many years it was unknown whether there was any pattern in the location of the pyramids on the lands of Ancient Egypt.4) The ancient pyramids of Egypt revealed their countless secrets to modern scientists.5) Having seen a map of the starry sky on TV, Bauvel realized that the location of the pyramids of Egypt repeats the location of the stars of Orion relative to the Milky Way.
2. Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be in place?omissions in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write this word down. however in this way it is because although
6. In one of the words highlighted below there was an error in the formation of the form words. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly. pair of socks sixty years both sisters legitimize the construction pair of stockings Answer: ___________________________.7. Establish a correspondence between the sentences and the grammatical errors made in them: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column. OFFERS A) The books introduce and give some idea of the life of Russian society at that time.B) No one outside this room will hear a sound.C) One of the famous scientists of the twentieth century who had a significant influence on the development of linguistics was Ferdinand de Saussure.D) On the eve of the premiere of “Betrothal in a Monastery” - an opera by Sergei Prokofiev - we argued about the details of the plot.D) According to ancient legend, it was edelweiss that grew from the blood of Prometheus chained to a rock. Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters. A 8. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter. Apply Bless..Experiment Exchange..kick Touch..Touch Answer:____________________14. Indicate all the numbers in whose place NN is written.And so Avdotya decided to go to the monastery. She sold her hundred souls and the same number left to her by her husband, lived as a novice for six years, became a nun for five years, gave half of the capital to the monastery, the rest to the relatives of her late husband.Answer: ___________________________.15. Place punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.1) By evening, my arms, legs and shoulders were aching and longing for rest.2) There were daffodils and tulips, pansies and forget-me-nots, dahlias and asters. 3) We were promised an exciting journey along the protected Red Coast, flowering steppes and foothills of Crimea.4) Goncharov strives to depict the national essence of the Russian person and his natural properties.5) The moon rose and illuminated the road, field and houses of the sleeping village.Answer: ___________________________.16. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in their placeSimonov (1) having fished out processed cheese or scraps of ham from between the windows (2), put on the plate and began his bachelor's feast (3) on a neatly spread (4) newspaper.Answer: ___________________________.17. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentences.Poetry in the works of F. Sologub (1) according to critics (2) plays important role and (3) without a doubt (4) along with the novel “The Little Demon”, it constitutes the most valuable part of the author’s creative heritage.Answer: ___________________________.18. There must be commas in the sentence.A small house (1) to tell (2) about which (3) I consider it my duty (4) stood on the other side of the lake. Answer: ___________________________.19. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in their placeThere must be commas in the sentence.Alyosha had an unusually developed imagination (1) and (2) when we read the same book together (3) he always very vividly imagined the events described (4) and added something of his own to them.Answer: ___________________________.more reliable, or rather, here your will and power are greater, it is maximum.(According to M.I. Weller*)*Mikhail Iosifovich Weller (born in 1948) – modern Russianprose writer, playwright, publicist.
20. Which statement matches the content of the text? Please provide answer numbers.1) The question of happiness cannot be considered without addressing the problem of moral duty and the meaning of life.2) A successful combination of external life circumstances allows every person to find peace of mind.3) Wealth and success in professional activity are essential conditions for a person to feel happy.4) Human values and beliefs are the least dependent on external circumstances.5) A person’s happiness is not measured by material wealth.
21. Which of the following statements are incorrect? Please provide answer numbers.Which statement is false?1) Sentences 8–10 provide a description.2) Sentences 18–22 present the narrative.3) Sentences 4–6 explain the judgment expressed in sentence 3 of the text.4) Sentences 23–31 present the reasoning.5) Sentences 38-40 present the narrative. Answer:______________
22. From sentences 10-12, write down colloquial words.Answer:_________________________________
23. Among sentences 15–21, find one that connects with the previous ones using a demonstrative pronoun. Write the number of this offer.Answer: ___________________________. 3. Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives the meaning of the word LOCATION. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the first (1) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.1) Position (1 character) and Position (1 character).Take care of the arrangement of books on the shelves. Squad location. 2) Area where troops are stationed.Invade the river enemy. Get close to the enemy's position. 3) Order or method placing something. Get an apartment with a convenient arrangement of rooms. Change p. furniture in the interior. Thematic r. photos in the album. 4) (to someone or something). A good, favorable attitude towards someone; sympathy. Show special p. to smb. Heartfelt, sincere p. Feel, experience p. Notice someone's R. 5) usually with def. Internal mental state, mood. Wake up in a good mood. Be in a bad mood. No mood to read. Answer: ___________________________.
4. In one of the words below there is an error in the emphasis:WRONG The letter denoting the stressed vowel sound is highlighted. Write this word down. illness spoiled plum will present (medal) nap Answer: ___________________________.
5. In one of the sentences belowWRONG used highlighted word.Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.People who have recently arrived in a foreign country may find it difficult to overcomeThe language barrier.The power of air conditioners in the cabins of some aircraft is not enough toCOMFORTABLE state of the pilot.Sergei got up at six in the morning, because in the army he was used to HARD discipline. From a distance the tramp of horses was heard, and soon a horse appeared on the road.group of riders.Our village is famous for its GLASS production.Answer: ___________________________.9. Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words in the prefix. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter.ra...chain, ..dainpr...pocket, pr..darlingfrom...break, post...heart attackcringe, injectionup..mother, under..play Answer: ___________________________.10. Write down the word in which the letter E is written in the blank. sirens... howling tinkling... thoughtful... wild... nka talented Answer: ___________________________.11 . Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap. Hall..stuck..stuck Took it out..sh Answer: ___________________________.12. Determine the sentence in which NOT is spelled together with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word.Ushakov’s (un)defeated squadron conquered the impregnable fortress of Corfu and cleared the Ionian Islands, Naples and Malta of the French hordes.Alexander passed by without (not) saying a word.In a flower garden, tall stems of wormwood look (un)usually impressive.The mechanism of interaction between the sense of smell and other perception systems is still not fully (un)revealed.On the table lay a letter that had not yet been sent.Answer: ___________________________.13. Determine the sentence in which both highlighted words are written CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write down these two words.(NOT) DESPITE the fact that they forgot to notify the employees (IN) ATTEMPTS about the changes that had taken place, everything went well.WHATEVER happens, his parents will always come to his aid - Maksimka was sure of this, (THAT) he easily took the risk.Alexey still often remembered the house, and in these memories he (REALLY) rested his soul.They went further (TWO) at a time, and Shavehead, looking back, saw everything(B) GAVE A bluish fire.Answer: ___________________________.Read the text and complete tasks 20 – 25. (1) Fate also has power over the things we need for happiness,and circumstances, and other people - we will repeat after the ancientsphilosophers. (2) There are rivals, and accidents, and illnesses. (3)Sometimes from usdepends little, and sometimes nothing at all. (4) Earthquake,flood, fire - and you are a beggar. (5) An unexpected competitor appeared - andyou are without a job or without a place in the national team. (6) War, crisis, crimesubordinate - and goodbye career. (7) I just saved up money, onlydreamed about new apartment… (8) The rooms are spacious, on the ceilingstucco. (9)Heated floors. (10)In the kitchen Dishwasher… (11) Then the bank burst, and with it the savings of your whole life.(12) The more earthly things you have, the more troubles you will haveand accidents you want to insure yourself. (13) The more worries thatmake life difficult. (14) You spin like a squirrel in a wheel. (15) Work, home,urgent payments, insurance, business connections, image maintenance,self-control in behavior... (16) However, the happiness that was planned was notis coming. (17) After all, often in such chaos there is no time to feel yourself happy! (18) But no one can give us the order to think and feel differently, butotherwise. (19) In what other people and external circumstances have the least power -in our inner world, subordinate only to ourselves. (20) Nobodywill forbid me to love the things that I love. (21) This is how I always felt aboutsomething, that’s how I feel about it, and you won’t do anything to me. (22) Himselfthen I always have my feelings with me.(23) Let’s say they put a person in solitary confinement. (24) Punished?(25) Nothing like that! (26) Yes, he may have dreamed all his life that heleft alone! (27) He is indifferent to gastronomy, openspaces frighten him, he doesn’t like to move a lot, from bright lighteyes hurt. (28) He hates the service. (29) But here the food, the regime, the wife is notnags, children don’t bother... (30) They give paper and pen, they allow you to writeas much as it will fit. (31) What else does he need?! (32) He may have wanted books all his lifewrite! (33) Enjoys all the conditions for creativity and peace life. (34) After all, you will agree, this is theoretically quite possible. (35) ThanThe fewer external things a person needs for happiness, the easier it is for him to behappy. (36) No envy, no competition, no exhausting race instruggle for life. (37) Happiness is your inner state, not things andportraits in newspapers.(38) So, maybe we need to turn our gaze inward and direct our effortsnot to external things, over which one often has no control, but to the internalcondition. (39) To the point where even with little you are happy. (40) This24. Reflecting on a philosophical problem, M. Weller uses a whole arsenal of techniques for sharp journalistic polemics. In the syntax of the text there are __________ (sentences 12–13, 38–39), there is a whole series of __________ (sentences 17, 26, 32). Among the lexical means of expressiveness, we note the combination of ________ “balls” (sentence 11), “pilit” (sentence 29) and _______: “imperious” (sentence 1), “earthly” (sentence 12), “strive” (sentence 38). 1) colloquial and colloquial vocabulary2) syntactic parallelism3) phraseological unit(s) 4) epithet(s) 5) rhetorical exclamation(s)6) series(s) of homogeneous members 7) parcellation 8) book word(s)9) interrogative sentence(s) (rhetorical question(s)) Answer: A
25. Write an essay based on the text you read. Formulate and comment on one of the problems posed by the author of the text (avoid excessive quoting). Formulate the position of the author (storyteller). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the text you read. Explain why. Argue your opinion, relying primarily on reading experience, as well as knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account). The volume of the essay is at least 150 words. Work written without reference to the text read (not based on this text) is not graded. If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such work is scored zero points. Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.
3. Read a fragment of a dictionary entry that gives meanings
The answers to tasks 1–24 are a word, phrase, number or
words LOCATION. Determine the meaning of this word
sequence of words, numbers. Write your answer in the answer field in the text
used in the first (1) sentence of the text. Write down the number
work, and then transfer to ANSWER FORM No. 1 to the right of the number
corresponding to this meaning in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.
tasks starting from the first cell, no spaces, commas, etc.
1) Position (1 character) and Position (1 character). Organize books
additional characters. Write each letter or number separately.
on shelves. Squad location.
cell in accordance with the samples given in the form.
2) Area where troops are stationed. Invade the river enemy. Get close
Read the text and complete tasks 1–3.
to the enemy's location.
3) The order or method of placing something. Get an apartment with a convenient
(1) For centuries, Egyptologists have tried to find out whether there is any
arrangement of rooms. Change p. furniture in the interior. Thematic r.
any pattern in the location of the great pyramids of Egypt, and if
photos in the album.
exists, then which one. (2) Once upon a time, engineer Robert Bauvel, who for a long time
4) (to someone or something). A good, favorable attitude towards someone; sympathy.
lived in Egypt and was interested in the mysteries of the pyramids, saw a map on TV
Show special p. to smb. Heartfelt, sincere p. Feel,
starry sky, which depicted the Milky Way and the constellation Orion.
experience p. Notice someone's R.
(3)….. the engineer understood: the location of the pyramids relative to the Nile is completely
5) usually with def. Internal mental state, mood. Wake up in
repeats the location of the stars of Orion relative to the Milky Way.
good mood. Be in a bad mood. No
1. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the MAIN
information contained in the text?
4. There was an error in one of the words below
1) Egyptologists around the world for a long time could not reveal the secret of the location
ancient pyramids.
stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound is highlighted incorrectly.
2) Robert Bauvel revealed one of the secrets of the pyramids, guessing that they
Write this word down.
the arrangement repeats the arrangement of the stars of Orion relative to the Milky Way
spoiled
3) For many years it was unknown whether there was any pattern in
plum
the location of the pyramids on the lands of Ancient Egypt.
will present (medal)
4) The ancient pyramids of Egypt revealed their countless secrets to modern people
Answer: ___________________________.
5) Having seen a map of the starry sky on TV, Bauvel realized that the location
5. One of the sentences below uses INCORRECTLY
pyramids of Egypt repeats the arrangement of the stars of Orion relative to the Milky Way
highlighted word. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
2. Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be in place
People who have recently arrived in a foreign country may find it difficult to overcome
The language barrier.
omissions in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write this word down.
The power of air conditioners in the cabins of some aircraft is not enough to
COMFORTABLE state of the pilot.
Thus
Sergei got up at six in the morning, because in the army he was used to HARD
discipline.
because
From a distance the tramp of horses was heard, and soon a horse appeared on the road.
group of riders.
Answer: ___________________________.
Our village is famous for its GLASS production.
Answer: ___________________________.
6. In one of the words highlighted below there was an error in the formation of the form
words. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly. a pair of socks for sixty years of both sisters to legitimize the construction of a pair of stockings
Answer: ___________________________.
7. Establish a correspondence between the sentences and the grammatical errors made in them: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
OFFERS |
GRAMMATICAL ERRORS |
|
A) Books introduce and give some |
misuse |
|
insight into the life of a Russian |
case form of the noun with |
|
society of that time. |
pretext |
|
B) None of those who are outside |
disruption of communication between |
|
this room, they will not hear a sound. |
subject and predicate |
|
B) One of the famous scientists |
violation in construction |
|
twentieth century, which had |
proposals with inconsistent |
|
significant impact on development |
application |
|
linguistics, was Ferdinand de |
error in sentence construction |
|
with homogeneous members |
||
D) On the eve of the premiere of “Betrothal in |
incorrect construction |
|
Monastery" - operas by Sergei |
sentences with adverbs |
|
Prokofiev - we argued about |
turnover |
|
plot details. |
violation in construction |
|
D) According to ancient legend, it is |
sentences with participial phrase |
|
edelweiss grew on blood |
incorrect construction |
|
Prometheus chained to a rock. |
sentences with indirect speech |
|
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
8. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel of the root being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter. Apply Bless..Experiment Exchange..kick Touch..Touch
Answer:____________________
9. Identify the row in which both words in the prefix are missing one and the same
the same letter. Write out these words by inserting the missing letter. ra...to catch,..danie pr...pocket, pr..darling from...to play, post...heart attack to...shrink, injection...
up.. mother, under.. play Answer: ___________________________.
10. Write down the word in which the letter E is written in place of the gap. siren... howling tinkling... thoughtful... wild... nka
talented Answer: ___________________________.
eleven . Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.
Took it out..sh Answer: ___________________________.
12. Determine the sentence in which NOT is written together with the word. Open the brackets and write down this word.
Ushakov’s (un)defeated squadron conquered the impregnable fortress of Corfu and cleared the Ionian Islands, Naples and Malta of the French hordes.
Alexander passed by without (not) saying a word.
In a flower garden, tall stems of wormwood look (un)usually impressive. The mechanism of interaction between the sense of smell and other perception systems is still not fully (un)revealed.
On the table lay a letter that had not yet been sent.
Answer: ___________________________.
13. Determine the sentence in which both highlighted words are written CONTINUOUSLY. Open the brackets and write down these two words.
(NOT) DESPITE the fact that they forgot to notify the employees (IN) ATTEMPTS about the changes that had taken place, everything went well.
WHATEVER happens, his parents will always come to his aid - Maksimka was sure of this, (THAT) he easily took the risk.
Alexey still often remembered the house, and in these memories he (REALLY) rested his soul.
Answer: ___________________________.
14. Indicate all the numbers in whose place NN is written. |
Read the text and complete tasks 20 – 25. |
And so Avdotya decided to go to the monastery. Sold my hundred souls and the same |
(1) Fate also has power over the things we need for happiness, |
left to her by her husband, lived on obedience for six years, five years as |
and circumstances, and other people - we will repeat after the ancients |
tonsured (2) and became a nun, gave half of the capital to the monastery, the rest - |
philosophers. (2) There are rivals, and accidents, and illnesses. (3)Sometimes from us |
relationship (3) to the deceased husband. |
depends little, and sometimes nothing at all. (4) Earthquake, |
Answer: ___________________________. |
flood, fire - and you are a beggar. (5) An unexpected competitor appeared - and |
15. Place punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of proposals in which |
you are without a job or without a place in the national team. (6) War, crisis, crime |
you need to put ONE comma. |
subordinate - and goodbye career. (7) I just saved up money, only |
1) By evening, my arms, legs and shoulders were aching and longing for rest. |
I was dreaming about a new apartment... (8) The rooms are spacious, on the ceiling |
2) There were daffodils and tulips, pansies and forget-me-nots, dahlias and |
stucco. (9)Heated floors. (10) There is a dishwasher in the kitchen... |
(11) Then the bank burst, and with it the savings of your whole life. |
|
3) We were promised an exciting trip along the protected Red Coast |
(12) The more earthly things you have, the more troubles you will have |
flowering steppes and foothills of Crimea. |
and accidents you want to insure yourself. (13) The more worries that |
4) Goncharov strives to portray the national essence of the Russian person and |
make life difficult. (14) You spin like a squirrel in a wheel. (15) Work, home, |
its natural properties. |
urgent payments, insurance, business connections, image maintenance, |
5) The moon rose and illuminated both the road and the field, and the houses of the sleeping village. |
self-control in behavior... (16) However, the happiness that was planned was not |
Answer: ___________________________. |
is coming. (17) After all, often in such chaos there is no time to feel yourself |
16. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in place of which in |
happy! |
sentences must contain commas. |
(18) But no one can give us the order to think and feel differently, but |
Simonov (1) fishing out processed cheese or ham trimmings from the window pane (2) |
otherwise. (19) In what other people and external circumstances have the least power - |
put on the record and began his bachelor's feast (3) neatly |
in our inner world, subordinate only to ourselves. (20) Nobody |
spread (4) newspaper. |
will forbid me to love the things that I love. (21) This is how I always felt about |
Answer: ___________________________. |
something, that’s how I feel about it, and you won’t do anything to me. (22) Himself |
17. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in place of which in |
then I always have my feelings with me. |
Sentences must contain commas. |
(23) Let’s say they put a person in solitary confinement. (24) Punished? |
Poetry in the works of F. Sologub (1) according to critics (2) plays an important |
(25) Nothing like that! (26) Yes, he may have dreamed all his life that he |
role and (3) without a doubt (4) along with the novel “The Little Demon” constitutes |
left alone! (27) He is indifferent to gastronomy, open |
the most valuable part of the author's creative heritage. |
spaces frighten him, he doesn’t like to move a lot, from bright light |
Answer: ___________________________. |
eyes hurt. (28) He hates the service. (29) But here the food, the regime, the wife is not |
18. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in their place |
nags, children don’t bother... (30) They give paper and pen, they allow you to write |
as much as it will fit. (31) What else does he need?! (32) He may have wanted books all his life |
|
A small house (1) to tell (2) about which (3) I consider it my duty (4) |
write! (33) Enjoys all the conditions for creativity and peace |
stood on the other side of the lake. |
|
Answer: ___________________________. |
(34) After all, you will agree, this is theoretically quite possible. (35) Than |
19. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in their place |
The fewer external things a person needs for happiness, the easier it is for him to be |
There must be commas in the sentence. |
happy. (36) No envy, no competition, no exhausting race in |
Alyosha had an unusually developed imagination (1) and (2) when we were together |
struggle for life. (37) Happiness is your inner state, not things and |
read the same book (3) he always imagined very vividly |
portraits in newspapers. |
described events (4) and added something of his own to them. |
(38) So, maybe we need to turn our gaze inward and direct our efforts |
Answer: ___________________________. |
not to external things, over which one often has no control, but to the internal |
condition. (39) To the point where even with little you are happy. (40) This |
more reliable, or rather, here your will and power are greater, it is maximum.
(According to M.I. Weller*)
*Mikhail Iosifovich Weller (born in 1948) is a modern Russian prose writer, playwright, and publicist.
20. Which statement corresponds to the content of the text? Please provide answer numbers.
1) The question of happiness cannot be considered without addressing the problem of moral duty and the meaning of life.
2) A successful combination of external life circumstances allows every person to find peace of mind.
3) Wealth and success in professional activity are essential conditions for a person to feel happy.
4) Human values and beliefs are the least dependent on external circumstances.
5) A person's happiness is not measured by material goods.
21. Which of the following statements are incorrect? Please provide answer numbers.
Which statement is false?
1) Sentences 8–10 provide a description.
2) Sentences 18–22 present the narrative.
3) Sentences 4–6 explain the judgment expressed in sentence 3 of the text.
4) Sentences 23–31 present the reasoning.
5) Sentences 38-40 present the narrative.
Answer:______________
22. From sentences 10-12, write down colloquial words.
Answer:_________________________________
23. Among sentences 15–21, find one that is connected to the previous ones using a demonstrative pronoun. Write the number of this offer.
Answer: ___________________________.
24. Reflecting on a philosophical problem, M. Weller uses
a whole arsenal of techniques for sharp journalistic polemics. In the syntax of the text there are __________ (sentences 12–13, 38–39), there is a whole series of __________ (sentences 17, 26, 32).
Among the lexical means of expressiveness, we note the combination ________
“sharah” (sentence 11), “saws” (sentence 29) and _______: “powerful” (sentence 1), “earthly” (sentence 12), “strive” (sentence
1) colloquial and colloquial vocabulary
2) syntactic parallelism
3) phraseological unit(s)
4) epithet(s)
5) rhetorical exclamation(s)
6) row(s) of homogeneous members
7) parcellation
8) book word(s)
9) interrogative sentence(s) (rhetorical question(s)) Answer:
25. Write an essay based on the text you read.
Formulate and comment on one of the problems posed by the author of the text (avoid excessive quoting). Formulate the position of the author (storyteller). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the text you read. Explain why. Argue your opinion, relying primarily on reading experience, as well as knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).
The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.
Work written without reference to the text read (not based on this text) is not graded. If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such work is scored zero points. Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.
2-this way
5-horse
7- A-4, b- 2, c-6, d-3, d-1 8- bless 9- lift up play along 10 lilac 11 sealed 12 unusually
13despite the haste
22-ball burst
Problems:
The problem of happiness depending on external circumstances. (Does human happiness depend on external circumstances?)
The problem of the connection between wealth and everyday well-being and happiness. (Does possessing earthly goods bring a person closer to happiness?)
The problem of the independence of human values and beliefs from the external circumstances of life. (To what extent can external circumstances influence a person’s value system and beliefs?) The problem of the relationship between happiness and life success. (Is a person’s happiness necessarily associated with wealth, success and material well-being?)
“Things needed for happiness” often depend not on the person himself, but on external life circumstances beyond his control.
Possessing earthly goods does not bring a person closer to happiness, but, on the contrary, distances him from it. Human values and beliefs are almost independent of external circumstances.
Happiness is a state of inner peace; it may have nothing to do with the external attributes of success in life
Test 6
The answers to tasks 1-24 are a word, phrase, number or
sequence of words, numbers. Write the answer in the answer field in the text of the work, and then transfer it to ANSWER FORM No. 1 to the right of the assignment number, starting from the first cell, no spaces, commas or other additional characters. Write each letter or number in a separate box in accordance with the examples given in the form.
Read the text and complete tasks 1-3.
(1) For centuries, Egyptologists have tried to find out whether there is any pattern in the location of the great pyramids of Egypt, and if there is, what it is. (2) Once engineer Robert Bauval, who lived in Egypt for a long time and was interested in the mysteries of the pyramids, saw on TV a map of the starry sky, which depicted the Milky Way and the constellation Orion. (3)….. the engineer understood: the location of the pyramids relative to the Nile completely repeats the location of the stars of Orion relative to the Milky Way.
1. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the MAIN
information contained in the text?
1) For a long time, Egyptologists around the world could not solve the mystery of the location of the ancient pyramids.
2) Robert Bauvel revealed one of the secrets of the pyramids, guessing that their location repeats the location of the stars of Orion relative to the Milky Way.
3) For many years it was unknown whether there was any pattern in the location of the pyramids on the lands of Ancient Egypt.
4) The ancient pyramids of Egypt revealed their countless secrets to modern scientists.
5) Having seen a map of the starry sky on TV, Bauvel realized that the location of the pyramids of Egypt repeats the location of the stars of Orion relative to the Milky Way.
2. Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be in place?
omissions in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write this word down.
Thus
because
6. In one of the words highlighted below there was an error in the formation of the form
words. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
pair of socks
sixty years
both sisters
legitimize the construction
pair of stockings
Answer: ___________________________.
7. Establish a correspondence between the sentences and the grammatical errors made in them: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
|
OFFERS A) The books introduce and give some idea of the life of Russian society at that time. B) No one outside this room will hear a sound. C) One of the famous scientists of the twentieth century who had a significant influence on the development of linguistics was Ferdinand de Saussure. D) On the eve of the premiere of “Betrothal in a Monastery” - an opera by Sergei Prokofiev - we argued about the details of the plot. D) According to ancient legend, it was edelweiss that grew from the blood of Prometheus chained to a rock. |
GRAMMATICAL ERRORS 1) incorrect use of the case form of a noun with a preposition 2) violation of the connection between subject and predicate 3) violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application 4) error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members 5) incorrect construction of sentences with participial phrases 6) violation in the construction of sentences with participial phrases 7) incorrect construction of sentences with indirect speech |
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
8. Identify the word in which the unstressed vowel being tested is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
Attached
Bless...
Experiment
Exchange...whip
Touch..dream
Answer:____________________
14. Indicate all the numbers in whose place NN is written.
And so Avdotya decided to go to the monastery. She sold her hundred souls and the same number left to her by her husband, lived as a novice for six years, became a nun for five years, gave half of the capital to the monastery, the rest to the relatives of her late husband.
Answer: ___________________________.
15. Place punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of sentences in which you need to put ONE comma.
1) By evening, my arms, legs and shoulders were aching and longing for rest.
2) There were daffodils and tulips, pansies and forget-me-nots, dahlias and
3) We were promised an exciting journey along the protected Red Coast, flowering steppes and foothills of Crimea.
4) Goncharov strives to depict the national essence of the Russian person and his natural properties.
5) The moon rose and illuminated both the road and the field, and the houses of the sleeping village.
Answer: ___________________________.
16.
Simonov (1) having fished out processed cheese or scraps of ham from between the windows (2), put on the plate and began his bachelor's feast (3) on a neatly spread (4) newspaper.
Answer: ___________________________.
17. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentences.
Poetry in the work of F. Sologub (1) according to critics (2) plays an important role and (3) without a doubt (4) along with the novel “The Little Demon”, it constitutes the most valuable part of the author’s creative heritage.
Answer: ___________________________.
18. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in their place
There must be commas in the sentence.
A small house (1) to tell (2) about which (3) I consider it my duty (4) stood on the other side of the lake.
Answer: ___________________________.
19. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers in their place
There must be commas in the sentence.
Alyosha had an unusually developed imagination (1) and (2) when we read the same book together (3) he always very vividly imagined the events described (4) and added something of his own to them.
Answer: ___________________________.
more reliable, or rather, here your will and power are greater, it is maximum.
(According to M.I. Weller*)
*Mikhail Iosifovich Weller (born in 1948) - modern Russian
prose writer, playwright, publicist.
20. Which statement matches the content of the text? Please provide answer numbers.
1) The question of happiness cannot be considered without addressing the problem of moral duty and the meaning of life.
2) A successful combination of external life circumstances allows every person to find peace of mind.
3) Wealth and success in professional activity are essential conditions for a person to feel happy.
4) Human values and beliefs are the least dependent on external circumstances.
5) A person’s happiness is not measured by material wealth.
21. Which of the following statements are incorrect? Please provide answer numbers.
Which statement is false?
1) Sentences 8-10 provide a description.
2) Sentences 18-22 present the narrative.
3) Sentences 4-6 explain the judgment expressed in sentence 3 of the text.
4) Sentences 23-31 present the reasoning.
5) Sentences 38-40 present the narrative.
Answer:______________
22. From sentences 10-12, write down colloquial words.
Answer:_________________________________
23. Among sentences 15-21, find one that connects with the previous ones using a demonstrative pronoun. Write the number of this offer.
Answer: ___________________________.
School notebooks, worn-out jeans, long-needed and dusty players and phones. According to psychologists, everything that we do not use for more than a year automatically turns into trash. Which, by the way, programs us for poverty. But is it so easy to get rid of junk?
the site found five reasons that force us to keep old things, and found out how to force ourselves to sort out household rubble.
1. Because we are used to being frugal
Has the dress gone out of fashion? Are your favorite sneakers torn? Laptop broken? Approximately 88 percent of Russians do not know how to part with old and unnecessary things. We store clothes and shoes, magazines and books, toys, postcards, equipment and much more that we don’t use at all.
Pathological frugality, experts say, is in the Russians’ blood. Our grandparents, who grew up during the war and post-war years, find it difficult to throw away things - because of the poverty they experienced and the fear of being left with nothing, they put off all sorts of things for a “rainy day” all their lives. Hence the endless five-liter cans, bags in bags, broken skis and other rubbish, which to this day are carefully stored by our compatriots on balconies, mezzanines and dachas.
Of course, it’s good to be thrifty, but still, the next time you send holey sweaters, cracked plates and leftover laminate flooring to the back of your closet or balcony, think: are you turning into Gogol’s Plyushkin?
Syllogomania, pathological hoarding, or Plyushkin syndrome is a disorder in which a person experiences a passion for collecting and storing things. Clothes, books, household utensils and other items are not used, but only accumulated.
It is difficult for a person suffering from syllogomania to throw away trash (even the smallest ones). Sometimes it doesn’t work out at all - he’s too sensitive to his junk.
Northern peoples, exposed to unfavorable climatic conditions, are prone to a certain type of materialism: we store food. This is a tradition on which the well-being of our ancestors during the long winter depended for centuries. So even now we, descendants, feel more comfortable if the refrigerator is full of dumplings and other shelf-stable products.
In addition, our country has a difficult history: throughout the 20th century, millions of families suffered from hunger and poverty. This still affects us: it is more difficult for us to throw things away, especially food. For example, the United States has never participated in defensive wars on its territory, they have a different history, and therefore their attitude towards things is easier: buy it, get tired of it, throw it away. And we are scared.
Meanwhile, materialism can be both a manifestation of character traits and mental pathology. It’s a fine line, but in any case it is incorrect to say that materialism leads to psychological ill-health. After all, it cannot be said that nausea is the cause of poisoning. On the contrary, poisoning leads to nausea.
Irina Solovyova
psychologist
2. Because they will definitely come in handy someday
Uncomfortable high heels, “when I lose weight” jeans and five old flip phones in case my iPhone breaks. We don’t throw away dozens of outdated items just because we stubbornly hope to use them again someday.
In fact, having lost weight, you would rather buy new jeans than wear those that have been lying on the back shelf of the closet for several years - by then they may simply go out of fashion. And for shoes purchased only for beauty, there will probably be an equally attractive, but comfortable alternative. Don't fool yourself: things that haven't been used for years will never be needed again.
The same applies to books. If you have a multi-volume Marx book and the Great Soviet Encyclopedia collecting dust on your shelf, which you have no intention of reading, it is better to take them to the library. You should not clutter your house if you do not have a special room for books: store only those publications that you like to re-read and that you need for work and study.
By the way, psychologists say that attachment to old things programs us for poverty. By allowing yourself to leave a torn blouse for a rainy day, you are instantly hastening its onset - assuming that such a day will come and you will actually have to wear a tattered pullover.
In general, it’s good to take it once a month and look at what surrounds you - clothes, some books, notes. You need to understand how necessary all this is right now: whether these things fuel your self-esteem or not.
Surely there are things in your closet that do not suit you at the moment, that do not correspond to your personality. You may have bought some of them when you weren’t feeling very well. Because of some things you have already “grown up”. Or maybe you have books that have already outlived their usefulness, have served their purpose. You need to get rid of all this.
The situation when you open a closet and clothes fall out can cause psychological discomfort. You get the feeling that you have a lot of things, but nothing you really need. It's not clear what you want. This can lead to helplessness and uncertainty.
Vera Joyful
psychologist, art therapist
3. Because they remind you of the past
Russian notebooks, diaries, notes, dried roses, old concert tickets, planes and trains - all of this, of course, contains many stories. Such things represent entire eras of our lives - school years, past relationships, completed trips.
There is nothing wrong with remembering the past - put your favorite papers and trinkets in a box and put it under the bed or on the closet. Just don't overdo it: there's no point in keeping a bunch of T-shirts left behind. ex-girlfriend, endless teddy bears “from fans” and dozens of old copybooks and student lectures.
Keeping flared jeans, a checkered arafat and DC sneakers in your closet also makes no sense. After all, you probably still have photos of the times when you wore them. Do you really really want to fill your apartment with things that have already served their purpose?
Materialism can form as an attempt to hold on to something in one’s life, to preserve it. For example, it can develop after the loss of a loved one or in the event of a separation. Or maybe an aging woman is trying to retain her youth in this way - naturally, unconsciously.
In some cases, you can deal with materialism on your own. The main thing is to understand what exactly you are trying to make up for in such a symbolic form, what you actually lack. What you really don't want to part with. You should still find the strength to let it go from life. If you can’t do this on your own, you can seek psychological help.
Irina Solovyova
psychologist
4. Because someone once gave them to you
Many people find it truly painful to have to get rid of things that were once gifts from friends. A bulky figurine of the Eiffel Tower, a clumsy candle stand, a belt that you have never worn and will never wear... Do you even remember who gave it to you and when?
Don’t be shy about clearing your house of such things: it’s unlikely that a loved one could give you something that you will never use. And if your friend was not close, then why are you afraid of hurting – even mentally – his feelings?
5. Because I feel sorry for them
Yes, you don't need this little porcelain horse at all. But it was bought in the year of the Horse - that is, in your year! Surely the figurine brings good luck. And anyway, does a tiny trinket take up a lot of space?
The 1992 edition of Cosmopolitan magazine was given to you by your aunt, but you collected all the 2002 issues of Snob yourself. Of course, they cannot be thrown away: they are dusty, but such a living personification of bygone days. I can’t even lift my hand to take out an old wooden chair. It was sitting on it that during your student years you pored over coursework and spent sleepless pre-graduation nights. It's a pity somehow.
Remember: every time you refuse to throw away something that has objectively become unnecessary, you do not allow yourself to acquire something new. According to a Chinese proverb, something new will never appear in life until something old goes away (“The old will not go away, the new will not come”).
In addition, according to esotericists and psychologists, things that lie and are not used accumulate negative energy, which causes apathy, laziness and pathological fatigue among the inhabitants of a cluttered house. Well, and also dust, of course (allergy sufferers are generally contraindicated from being Plyushkins).
If you accumulate things and do not use them, then it turns out that the energy has no outlet. Energy circulates only when you have studied and applied something, bought and worn it. When things just lie there, they bring nothing.
We need to get rid of old things because we immediately have space and free space. Free space, in turn, attracts something new, with new energy.
It is impossible to attract something new if there is physically nowhere to attract, if everything is crammed everywhere, there is something lying everywhere. You need to throw something away in order to bring something new into life. There is no other way.
Vera Joyful
psychologist, art therapist
How do you know if things are about to consume you?*
* Consults psychologist Irina Solovyova
- If your passion for collecting things is a manifestation of a mental disorder, it will certainly be accompanied by other alarming symptoms. For example, inadequate perception of reality, memory and attention disorders.
- Notice the scale that materialism has assumed. Maybe he started to interfere with your Everyday life? Maybe things are already pushing you out of your apartment?
- What matters is what you collect. Let's say there is nothing wrong if a mechanic or engineer collects parts that may be useful to him in his work. But often, having “caught” Plyushkin syndrome, you begin to clutter your house with completely unnecessary things.
- Think about it, is it difficult for you to part with things - sort out your wardrobe, give unnecessary things to an orphanage or to the poor? If yes, then it's time to sound the alarm.
- Remember that older people are more susceptible to pathological hoarding. On a moderate scale it is even normal for them. So you don’t need to follow the example of your grandmother, who doesn’t throw away plastic chicken boxes, and your grandfather, who collects bottles of used perfume.
How to avoid becoming a hostage to your own things?
1. Clear out household rubble once a month
When you get used to getting rid of old things and parting with them no longer seems like a disaster, general disassembly can be carried out less frequently.
2. Buy new things only after getting rid of old ones.
If you buy a new chest of drawers, deciding to take out the old one “someday later,” there is a high probability that you will never fulfill your intention.
3. Be critical
Take everything out of the closets, from the balcony, from the mezzanine. Sort through your items by constantly asking yourself the following questions: “Can I live without this?”, “Have I used this in the last six months/year?”, “Will I need this in the next six months/year?”
4. Get rid of things gradually
When sorting out, for example, old children's toys, first leave at home only those with which there are especially many pleasant memories. Then go through the toys again. It’s good if in the end there are only one or two dear bunnies or bears left. Give the rest of the toys to the orphanage - they are more needed there than on your mezzanines.
Toys are usually accepted at the same points as clothing; a list of places can be found.
5. Don’t turn your home into a warehouse for non-working or simply unnecessary equipment.
This is harmful not only morally, but physical health. Leave one old but still working mobile phone in case the current one breaks down. Take all other equipment to special collection points for electrical appliances.
A list of locations can be found.
6. Be especially careful about sorting out your old clothes.
Stop storing jeans that are out of fashion, or a sweater that once drove your classmates crazy. Old clothes that are collecting dust in the closet may be useful to someone else - orphans, the poor, the elderly. Wash the clothes, iron them and take them to a second-hand store or a special collection point, from where the clothes will be given to orphanages or social support centers.
The list of points where they accept clothes (of course, not torn, not dirty or wrinkled) -.
7. Don't overdo it when getting rid of things.
Antique furniture, dishes, war letters from your great-grandfather, an old piano and a working cassette player are certainly not worthy of ending up in the trash heap. A piano that has become unnecessary can be sold, antiques can be adapted for the interior of an apartment or cottage. You can do the same with a set of dishes or glasses, having previously found out its price.
The strangest things that Muscovites keep at home*
Part nuclear reactor from Chernobyl and a spear tip. Fortunately, the reactor “button” is “cleaned” and has no background radiation.
Innokenty: “The nuclear reactor element is a gift from a person who was in Chernobyl. The thing itself is on the mnemonic diagram of the reactor shield, but no one knows the exact name. Another artifact is a spear tip, which I found during a trip to the Upper Volga lakes in the 1980s.” .
Rail. Timofey: “This thing is a rail fastening. It was found in the area of the Matveevskoye platform. Left over from the construction of the railway.
I use it as a press when I need to glue something together."
Stone from the construction site of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. Evlampia: “When I was little, my parents and I walked past the Cathedral of Christ the Savior - then it was still under construction. When we passed along the construction site, I fell behind my parents, ran onto it, took a piece of stone there and ran back to my mom and dad.”
Stone from Andreevsky Descent. Agrippina: “When I was in Kiev, my friends and I went for a walk on Andreevsky Descent. They sell all kinds of rarities, trinkets and jewelry there. I bought a pendant for my neck from one woman, and her little daughter - she was two and a half years old - said, that she would sell. I agreed, gave her the money, took the bag with the pendant, and after that, she picked up a piece of paving stone from the ground - and it was so beautiful, red with some kind of mica - and said that it was a “desire stone,” and she He gives it to me. Since then he has lived with me."
Stone from Palace Square. Veniamin: “My friend and I were in St. Petersburg for the first time, and we were already tipsy enough to want to take a piece of the city with us. We took and pulled out this stone right on Palace Square.”
Photo lab. Agathon: “I don’t collect all sorts of rubbish on the street, I have enough stuff at home. Most of the things left from my grandfather - a darkroom, rare photos (including Joseph Stalin), an ancient radio with buttons “Budapest”, “Berlin”, “ Milan" and "Moscow", Morse code and so on.
Morse code. Agathon: “I haven’t put things in proper order yet and periodically I find something new - either a coin for my collection, or things that are completely incomprehensible to me and excite the imagination. Despite the fact that most often such rarities are put up for auction, I won’t study. Still, these things are dear to me as a memory."
*The names of the respondents have been changed for confidentiality purposes.
Anna Teplitskaya, Dmitry Kokoulin