– a region where it is advisable to go for swimming in the sea in August, when the water warms up to +24˚C; for fishing, hunting, hiking, mountain climbing - in the summer months, and for active winter pastime - from November to March.
Far East: where is this land of contrasts located?
The Far East is a region that covers the territory of Asia (east, southeast and northeast of this part of the world). It includes territories of and other countries.
The Russian Far East occupies 36% of the country's territory. This region includes the Amur, Sakhalin, Magadan, Jewish Autonomous Regions, Yakutia, Khabarovsk, Primorsky, Kamchatka Territories. On the southern side it borders on the Russian Far East and the DPRK, on the northeastern side - in the Bering Strait, on the southeastern side -.
The Far East includes island (Sakhalin, Commanders, Kuriles), continental (Dzhugdzhur ridge, Koryak Highlands) and peninsular (Chukotka, Kamchatka) parts. The largest settlements are Belogorsk, Amursk, Elizovo and others.
How to get to the Far East?
To get from Vladivostok, passengers will have to spend 8.5 hours in flight (a transfer at will extend the air trip to 13 hours, at - up to 14.5 hours, at - up to 15 hours), up to - 7 hours (flight through and the capital China will take 17 hours, through Novosibirsk - 9.5 hours, through Khabarovsk - 19 hours, through Mirny - 13 hours 45 minutes, through Irkutsk - 16.5 hours), to Khabarovsk - 7.5 hours (if you stop for rest at the airport Novosibirsk, the duration of the air trip will be 10.5 hours, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk - 12 hours, - 13.5 hours, - 13 hours, - 14 hours).
Holidays in the Far East
Tourists should pay attention to the Kamchatka Territory (famous for more than 270 mineral springs, the largest of which is Paratunka; here you can raft on the Opala, Pymta, Bystraya rivers in May-October or take a boat ride along Avacha Bay; Mount Moroznaya, Pokrovskaya and Red Sopki), Sakhalin (tourists are invited to explore the Vaidinskaya cave with stalactites and stalagmites; watch birds on Lake Tunaicha; enjoy the unique underwater life on Moneron Island; go on a 2-3-day hike, during which they will be able to get acquainted with the picturesque mountain range Zhdanko), Primorsky Territory (particularly noteworthy are the Baranovsky volcano, Lake Khanka, more than 2,000 historical and archaeological monuments, Anuchinsky, Lazovsky and Chuguevsky districts, where everyone goes to hunt wild boar, Olginsky and Kavalerovsky districts, where you can catch grayling and pike , crucian carp, carp), (active travelers can climb the spurs of Miao-Chan, Mount Ko and Tardoki, sport fishing for salmon at the mouths of rivers on the Okhotsk coast, rafting on the rivers Khora, Turugu, Uchuru).
Far Eastern beaches
- Glass Beach: In the summer you can sunbathe and swim here, and in the colder months you can take great photos and admire the colorful “glass pebbles” (broken glass polished by stormy waves).
- Chituvay beach: the water on this beach warms up well thanks to the hills that surround it on three sides. In the center of the beach there is sand, and its sides are represented by a rocky shore (the rocks near which you can snorkel are used by many as springboards for diving into the water).
Souvenirs from the Far East
Far Eastern souvenirs - gifts in the form of wooden and mammoth ivory items, beaded jewelry, bear teeth and ornamental stones, suede and leather handbags, red caviar, smoked fish, pine nuts, Bird's Milk candies, canned seafood, Aralia honey , Nanai slippers, cosmetics based on mineral mud and algae.
The Far East is traditionally called the territory of Russia located off the coast of the Pacific and partially Arctic oceans, as well as the Kuril, Commander, Shantar Islands and Sakhalin Island. The Far East is a huge territory, 36% of the total area of modern Russia.
Geography and climate
The length of the region from Chukotka to the southwest to the borders of Korea and Japan is 4,500 km. It covers the Arctic Circle, where snow lies all year round. The lands in the northern part of the Far East are bound by permafrost, on which tundra grows. In fact, almost the entire territory of the Far East, except for Primorye and the southern half of Kamchatka, is located in the permafrost zone.
To the south, the climate and nature change significantly. In the south of the Far East, taiga trees coexist with plants from the subtropics (which is not repeated almost anywhere in the world).
Far East. Nature
In the minds of the majority and in fact, the Far East is a vast taiga, mountains and other uneven areas that attract extreme tourists. The Amur, Penzhin, Anadyr and a number of less significant rivers flow here.
The relief of the Far East is highly rugged and is represented predominantly by mountainous forms. Several watershed ridges stand out: Kolyma, Dzhugdzhur, Yablonovoyo and Stanovoy. There are powerful mountain systems, for example: the Tukuringra and Dzhagdy ridges. The peaks of the mountain ranges of the Far East, as a rule, do not exceed 2500 m.
The landscapes of the Far East are very diverse. Plains stretch along its tributaries. In the north and west, these plains are covered with southern taiga forests of special Daurian larch. In the south, on the flat Khanka-Amur lowland, unique Manchurian broad-leaved forests grow. They contain many relict and southern plants: Mongolian oak, Amur linden, white-barked elm, Manchurian ash, hornbeam, cork tree.
The vast lowlands located between the mountain ranges: Zee-Bureinskaya, Nizhne-Amurskaya, Ussuriyskaya and Prikhankaiskaya are very interesting for their flora and fauna. But in general, plains occupy no more than 25% of the region's area.
Winters are harsh and have little snow, summers are relatively warm and have heavy rainfall. Winter is characterized by weak winds, a lot of sunny days, little snow and severe frosts. Residents of the most remote mainland parts, for example in Transbaikalia, especially suffer from frost. Here, on average, up to 10 mm of precipitation falls during the winter. It happens that you can’t even ride a sled.
The rains in the Far East, the closer to China and the sea, the more similar they are to rainfall in the tropics, but only in intensity, not in temperature. In the summer in the Far East you can easily come across a swamp; swampiness of the territories reaches 15-20%.
The most delicious piece of Russia for the damned imperialists. The richest region, a natural storehouse of diamonds (Yakutia has more than 80% of all Russian reserves), almost every subject of the region has gold deposits (50% of Russia's reserves), deposits of non-ferrous metals, minerals, coal, oil, and gas.
Cities of the Russian Far East
Large cities include Vladivostok and Khabarovsk. These cities are of great economic and geostrategic importance for the country. We should also mention Blagoveshchensk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Nakhodka, Ussuriysk, Magadan.
The city of Yakutsk is of particular importance for the entire region. But in Chukotka there are endangered settlements. The places there are harsh and difficult to reach - people leave.
Population of the Far East
There are many nationalities in the Far East, but Russians predominate everywhere. Russians make up about 88%, the second group is Ukrainians - about 7%. There are, of course, Koreans, Chinese (which is not surprising), Belarusians, Jews.
The population of the Far East is 6.3 million people. (about 5% of the Russian population).
Indigenous peoples:
- Yakuts,
- Dolgans, Evenks and Evenyns in the north,
- the northeast is occupied by the Eskimos and Chukchi,
- on the islands - Aleuts,
- in Kamchatka - Itelmens and Koryaks,
- in the Amur basin and to the east of it - Nanai, Ulchi, Sroki, Orochi, Udege, Nivkh.
The number of Yakuts is about 380 thousand people, Evenks - 24 thousand. And the rest - no more than 10 thousand people. Difficult living conditions determined that the urban population predominates over the rural one. On average, 76% of the population of the Far East lives in cities.
The territory of the Russian Far East is a geographical zone that includes areas in river basins that flow into the Pacific Ocean. This also includes the Kuril, Shantar and Commander Islands, Sakhalin and Wrangel Islands. Next, this part of the Russian Federation will be described in detail, as well as some cities of the Russian Far East (a list of the largest will be given in the text).
Population
The territory of the Russian Far East is considered the most depopulating in the country. About 6.3 million people live here. This is approximately 5% of the total population of the Russian Federation. During 1991-2010, the population decreased by 1.8 million people. As for the population growth rate in the Far East, in the Primorsky Territory it is -3.9, in the Sakha Republic - 1.8, the Jewish Autonomous Okrug - 0.7, Khabarovsk Territory - 1.3, in Sakhalin - 7.8, in the Magadan Region - 17.3, Amur Region. - 6, Kamchatka Territory - 6.2, Chukotka - 14.9. If current trends continue, Chukotka will be left without a population in 66 years, and Magadan - in 57.
Subjects
The Russian Far East covers an area of 6169.3 thousand kilometers. This is about 36% of the entire country. Transbaikalia is often included in the Far East. This is due to its geographical location, as well as migration activity. The following regions of the Far East are administratively distinguished: Amur, Magadan, Sakhalin, Jewish Autonomous Regions, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk Territories. The Far Eastern Federal District also includes Primorsky Krai,
History of the Russian Far East
In the 1st-2nd millennium BC, the Amur region was inhabited by various tribes. The peoples of the Russian Far East today are not as diverse as they were in those days. The population then consisted of Daurs, Udeges, Nivkhs, Evenks, Nanais, Orochs, etc. The main occupations of the population were fishing and hunting. The most ancient settlements of Primorye, which date back to the Paleolithic era, were discovered near the Nakhodka region. In the Stone Age, the Itelmens, Ainu and Koryaks settled on the territory of Kamchatka. By the middle of the 19th century, Evenks began to appear here. In the 17th century, the Russian government began to expand Siberia and the Far East. 1632 was the year of the founding of Yakutsk. Under the leadership of the Cossack Semyon Shelkovnikov, a winter quarters were organized on the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk in 1647. Today, the Russian port of Okhotsk stands on this site.
The development of the Russian Far East continued. Thus, by the middle of the 17th century, the explorers Khabarov and Poyarkov left the Yakut fort to the south. On and Zeya they encountered tribes that were paying tribute to the Chinese Qing Empire. As a result of the first conflict between the countries, the Treaty of Nerchinsk was signed. In accordance with it, the Cossacks needed to transfer the regions formed on the lands of the Albazin Voivodeship to the Qing Empire. In accordance with the agreement, diplomatic and trade relations were determined. The border under the treaty ran in the north along the river. Gorbitsa and the mountain ranges of the Amur basin. Uncertainty remains in the area of the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk. The territories between the Taikansky and Kivun ridges were undemarcated. By the end of the 17th century, Russian Cossacks Kozyrevsky and Atlasov began exploring the Kamchatka Peninsula. In the first half of the 18th century it was included in Russia.
XVIII century
In 1724, Peter I sent the first expedition to the Kamchatka Peninsula. He headed it. Thanks to the work of researchers, Russian science received the most valuable information about the eastern part of Siberia. We are talking, in particular, about the modern Magadan and Kamchatka regions. New maps appeared, the coordinates of the Far Eastern coast and the Strait, which was later named the Bering Strait, were precisely determined. In 1730 a second expedition was created. It was led by Chirikov and Bering. The mission of the expedition was to reach the shores of America. Alaska and the Aleutian Islands were of particular interest. Chichagov, Steller, and Krasheninnikov began to explore Kamchatka in the 18th century.
19th century
During this period, the active development of the Russian Far East began. This was largely due to the weakening of the Qing Empire. In 1840, she was drawn into the 1st Opium War. Military operations against the united army of France and England in the areas of Guangzhou and Macau required large material and human resources. In the north, China was left virtually without any cover, and Russia took advantage of this. She, along with other European powers, participated in the division of the weakening Qing Empire. In 1850, Lieutenant Nevelskoy landed at the mouth of the Amur. There he founded a military post. Convinced that the Qing government has not recovered from the consequences of the Opium War and is bound in its actions by the outbreak and, accordingly, cannot give an adequate response to the claims of Russia, Nevelskoy decides to declare the coast of the Tatar Prospect and the mouth of the Amur as domestic possessions.
In 1854, on May 14, Count Muravyov, who had information received from Nevelsky about the absence of military units in China, organized a rafting trip along the river. The expedition included the Argun steamship, 29 rafts, 48 boats and about 800 people. During the rafting, ammunition, troops and food were delivered. Some of the military went to Kamchatka by sea to strengthen the Peter and Paul garrison. The rest remained to implement the Amur region exploration plan on the former Chinese territory. A year later, the second rafting was organized. About 2.5 thousand people took part in it. By the end of 1855, several settlements were organized in the lower reaches of the Amur: Sergeevskoye, Novo-Mikhailovskoye, Bogorodskoye, Irkutskoye. In 1858, the right bank was officially annexed to Russia in accordance with the Aigun Treaty. In general, it should be said that Russia’s policy in the Far East was not aggressive. Agreements were signed with other states without the use of military force.
Physiographic location
The Russian Far East borders on the DPRK in the extreme south and Japan in the southeast. In the extreme northeast in the Bering Strait - with the USA. Another state that borders the Far East (Russia) is China. In addition to the administrative one, there is another division of the Far Eastern Federal District. Thus, the so-called regions of the Russian Far East are distinguished. These are quite large areas. North-Eastern Siberia, the first of these, roughly corresponds to the eastern part of Yakutia (mountainous regions east of Aldan and Lena). The North Pacific country is the second zone. It includes the eastern parts of the Magadan region, the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, and the northern parts of the Khabarovsk Territory. It also includes the Kuril Islands and Kamchatka. The Amur-Sakhalin country includes the Jewish Autonomous Region, the Amur Region, and the southern part of the Khabarovsk Territory. It also includes Sakhalin Island and Primorsky Krai. Central and Southern Siberia includes Yakutia, except for its eastern part.
Climate
Here it should be said that the Russian Far East has a fairly large extent. This explains the special contrast in climate. Throughout Yakutia and in the Kolyma regions of the Magadan region, for example, the sharply continental style predominates. And in the southeast there is a monsoon climate. This difference is determined by the interaction of marine and continental air masses in temperate latitudes. The south is characterized by a sharp monsoon climate and maritime and monsoon climate in the north. This is the result of the interaction between the land and the Pacific Ocean. The Sea of Okhotsk, as well as the Primorsky cold current along the coast of the Sea of Japan, have a particular influence on the climate. The mountainous terrain in this area is also of no small importance. In the continental part of the Far Eastern Federal District, winters are light and frosty.
Weather Features
Summer here is quite hot, but relatively short. As for the coastal areas, winters are snowy and mild, springs are cold and long, autumns are warm and long, and summers are relatively cool. Cyclones, fogs, typhoons and heavy, prolonged rains are common on the coast. The height of snowfall in Kamchatka can reach six meters. The closer to the southern regions, the higher the air humidity becomes. Thus, in the south of Primorye it is quite often set at 90%. Almost the entire territory of the Far East experiences prolonged rains in the summer. This, in turn, causes systematic river floods, flooding of agricultural land and residential buildings. The Far East experiences long periods of sunny and clear weather. At the same time, continuous rain for several days is considered quite common. This kind of diversity distinguishes the Russian Far East from the “gray” European part of the Russian Federation. There are also dust storms in the central part of the Far Eastern Federal District. They come from the deserts of Northern China and Mongolia. A significant part of the Far East is equated to or is the Far North (except for the Jewish Autonomous Region, the south of the Amur region, Primorsky and Khabarovsk territories).
Natural resources
In the Far East, raw material reserves are quite large. This allows it to be in leading positions in the Russian economy in a number of positions. Thus, the Far East in all-Russian production accounts for 98% of diamonds, 80% of tin, 90% of boron raw materials, 14% of tungsten, 50% of gold, more than 40% of seafood and fish, 80% of soybeans, 7% of cellulose, and 13% of wood. Among the main industries of the Far Eastern Federal District, it should be noted the mining and processing of non-ferrous metals, pulp and paper, fishing, forestry, ship repair and shipbuilding.
Industries
In the Far East, the main income comes from forestry, fishing, mining, and non-ferrous metals. These industries account for more than half of all marketable products. Manufacturing activities are considered to be underdeveloped. When exporting raw materials, the region incurs losses in the form of added value. The remoteness of the Far Eastern Federal District causes significant transport extra charges. They are reflected in the cost indicators of many economic sectors.
Mineral resources
In terms of their reserves, the Far East occupies a leading position in the Russian Federation. In terms of volume, the tin, boron, and antimony present here account for about 95% of the total amount of these resources in the country. Fluorspar and mercury account for about 60%, tungsten - 24%, iron ore, apatite, native sulfur and lead - 10%. In the Sakha Republic, in its northwestern part, there is a diamond-bearing province, the largest in the world. The Aikhal, Mir, and Udachnoe deposits account for more than 80% of the total diamond reserves in Russia. Confirmed reserves of iron ore in the south of Yakutia amount to more than 4 billion tons. This is about 80% of the regional volume. These reserves are also significant in the Jewish Autonomous Region. There are large coal deposits in the South Yakutsk and Lena basins. Its deposits are also present in the Khabarovsk, Primorsky Territories, and Amur Region. Placer and ore gold deposits have been discovered and are being developed in the Republic of Sakha and the Magadan Region. Similar deposits were discovered in the Khabarovsk and Primorsky territories. In these same territories, deposits of tungsten and tin ores are being developed. Lead and zinc reserves are concentrated mostly in the Primorsky Territory. A titanium ore province has been identified in the Amur region. In addition to the above, there are also deposits of non-metallic raw materials. These are, in particular, reserves of limestone, refractory clay, graphite, sulfur, and quartz sand.
Geostrategic location
The Far Eastern Federal District is of great geopolitical importance for the Russian Federation. There is access to two oceans: the Arctic and the Pacific. Taking into account the high pace of development of the Asia-Pacific Region, integration into the Far Eastern Federal District is very promising for the country. If the activities are carried out wisely, the Far East can become a “bridge” to the Asia-Pacific region.
Cities of the Russian Far East: list
These cities of the Russian Far East are of great economic and geostrategic importance for the Russian Federation. Blagoveshchensk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Nakhodka, and Ussuriysk are considered very promising. Yakutsk is of particular importance for the entire region. It should be noted that there are also endangered settlements. Most of them are located in Chukotka. This is mainly due to the inaccessibility of the areas and harsh weather conditions.
| Population | men women |
|||
| 1 | Vladivostok | 591 800 | 47,0% 53,0% |
Primorsky Krai |
| 2 | Khabarovsk | 582 700 | 46,9% 53,1% |
Khabarovsk region |
| 3 | Komsomolsk-on-Amur | 281 000 | 47,1% 52,9% |
Khabarovsk region |
| 4 | Blagoveshchensk | 218 800 | 46,3% 53,7% |
Amur region |
| 5 | Yakutsk | 209 500 | 46,3% 53,7% |
The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) |
| 6 | Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky | 198 200 | 50,4% 49,6% |
Kamchatka Krai |
| 7 | Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk | 174 700 | 46,9% 53,1% |
Sakhalin region |
| 8 | Ussuriysk | 157 800 | 48,4% 51,6% |
Primorsky Krai |
| 9 | Nakhodka | 149 300 | 49,2% 50,8% |
Primorsky Krai |
Cities of the Far East
Khabarovsk
The city of Khabarovsk received its name in honor of the Russian traveler and explorer of the 17th century Erofei Khabarov.
Founded in 1858 on the banks of the Amur River as a military structure, by 1880 it received city status.
Now Khabarovsk is a large city in the Russian Far East, through which the Trans-Siberian Railway passes and the largest stations are located - passenger Khabarovsk-1 and freight Khabarovsk-2. The city is home to the Novy international airport and Maly airport, and the river port of the Amur River Shipping Company.
Khabarovsk is located along the Amur River for 50 kilometers.
One of the most beautiful places in the city is the Amur Embankment.
Much in the city is connected with the name of Count Muravyov-Amursky - the monument that you can see on the five thousandth banknote of Russia, and the name of the main street (Muravyov-Amursky Street).
The street has many buildings from the 19th and early 20th centuries, including the Far Eastern State Scientific Library, located in one of the oldest buildings in the city.
Muravyov-Amursky Street connects Lenin Square and Komsomolskaya Square. Lenin Square is the main square in the city. A monument to the “Heroes of the Civil War in the Far East of 1918-1922” was erected here.
The youngest square of the city is the Square of Glory, next to it there is the “Wall of Memory” memorial.
Also interesting on Glory Square are the buildings of the Theological Seminary and the “Black Tulip” monument, dedicated to the soldiers who participated in the battles in Afghanistan.
Other attractions of the city include the oldest theater in Khabarovsk - the regional theater of musical comedy (1926), the Khabarovsk regional drama theater, the Central Park of Culture and Leisure, the long railway bridge (1916) across the Amur River, which became the final link of the Trans-Siberian Railway and the youngest in the city Museum of Khabarovsk History.
Khabarovsk museums occupy a special place in the cultural life of the city.
On Shevchenko Street there is the Khabarovsk Museum of Local Lore named after Nikolai Ivanovich Grodekov (1894). Museum of Archeology named after A.P. Okladnikov became the first archaeological museum in the Far East, and the Far Eastern Art Museum houses one of the largest collections of art in the region.
The Military History Museum of the Far Eastern Military District is notable for its exhibition, which presents samples of weapons from different years. 20 km south of the city is the Bolshekhehtsirsky State Nature Reserve, founded in 1963 to protect the Amur landscapes.
The main Orthodox church in the city was the Church of St. Innocent of Irkutsk, built around 1868.
At first the temple was wooden, and then it was built in stone. The third largest church among Orthodox Christians in Russia after the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow and St. Isaac's Cathedral in St. Petersburg was the Khabarovsk Transfiguration Cathedral (2004), and the Church of St. Seraphim of Sarov, opened for the 150th anniversary of Khabarovsk, was built in the Russian style Orthodox architecture - a snow-white temple crowned with golden domes.
Vladivostok
Vladivostok is a port and city in the Far East of the Russian Federation, and it is also the administrative center of the Primorsky Territory.
Interestingly, the name of the city of Vladivostok comes from two words “to own” and “East”. And judging by this, the city was named like Vladikavkaz; this city was founded shortly before the city of Vladivostok.
And the first name is also the English name of the Golden Horn Bay - or Port May.
The Trans-Siberian Railway also ends in this city. The city's population is 623.0 thousand people, data from November 2011, this is the 20th largest population in Russia.
Vladivostok.
The city is located on a peninsula called Muravyov-Amursky, on the shores of the Sea of Japan. Also included in the city’s territory were the Peschany Peninsula and approximately fifty more islands in Peter the Great Bay.
There is an opinion that a municipal entity called Greater Vladivostok will be created from satellite cities and Vladivostok itself.
After which the city will be included in the list of future supporting cities of Russia.
On November 4, 2010, the city of Vladivostok was awarded the significant status of City of Military Glory.
Nakhodka
Nakhodka is a city in Primorsky Krai in the Russian Far East. Located on the shores of Nakhodka Bay (Nakhodka Bay of the Sea of Japan) and the eastern coast of the Trudny Peninsula, a major seaport.
Railway station on the Trans-Siberian Railway.
Not far from the city is the Fox Island, famous for its unique nature. It also protects the western part of Nakhodka Bay from sea waves. To the north of the city are the famous Brother and Sister hills.
The find is called the ocean gateway of Russia in the Far East.
The city with a population of 190 thousand people is located 165 kilometers southeast of Vladivostok. This is the main Russian port on the Pacific Ocean, and in the recent past it was the only one open to foreigners.
From the first days of its existence, Nakhodka became a center of international communication.
Every year, up to 700 foreign ships flying the flags of 20 countries were moored at the commercial port. It was the port workers who were the first to establish sister city ties with the cities of the Pacific Rim countries. And now Nakhodka has seven sister cities in different countries of the world: Maizuru, Tsuruga, Otaru (Japan); Oakland and Bellingham (USA); Dog He (Korea) and Girin (China).
Nakhodka with its port complexes has been the main harbor of the Far East for more than 50 years.
This is the largest foreign economic transport interchange: the main volume of foreign trade transport between Russia and the Asia-Pacific countries, almost all railway transit, is carried out through the city’s ports. It is in Nakhodka that the transcontinental Asia-Europe container line originates.
Magadan
Magadan is the administrative center of the Magadan region, one of the most remote (7110 km) from the capital of Russia and the youngest regional center of the Far East.
Located on the coast of the Tauiskaya Bay in the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk, on the isthmus connecting the Staritsky Peninsula with the mainland and having access to Nagaev and Gertner bays.
The city of Magadan is classified as a medium-sized city in terms of population (99.4 thousand).
people), it is home to 54% of the region's population and 59% of the total urban population.
Industry is represented by enterprises in the electrical power industry, mechanical engineering, food, light, woodworking and construction materials industries. The city's industrial enterprises produce more than a third of the region's industrial output.
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky is located on the Kamchatka Peninsula on the shore of Avachinskaya Bay.
The city was founded during the wintering of the Second Kamchatka Expedition of Bering and Chirikov (1733-1743). This is the main Far Eastern port.
The Kamchatka Peninsula extends 1,200 km in length and 450 km in width. Mountains stretch from north to south, where there are 29 active and 141 extinct volcanoes. Due to so many volcanoes, there are many thermal springs and acidic lakes. Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky is the starting point for tourists.
Numerous excursions to the natural attractions of the peninsula are organized from here.
The most popular excursions are to the Avachinsky volcano (2751 m).
It is located 30 km from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. This is one of the most active volcanoes on the peninsula; its last eruption was in 1945, and in 1996 it woke up again. Also interesting are the volcanoes Koryaksky (3456 m), Vilyuchinsky (2173 m), Mutnovsky (2324 m), Gorely (1829 m), Khodutka (2090 m), Karymsky (1536 m) and of course the highest volcano in Europe and Asia - Klyuchevskoy ( 4850 m) with 69 side craters and craters and the northernmost volcano in Eurasia - Shiveluch (3283 m).
In 1941, a unique natural area was discovered in Kamchatka in the Kronotsky Nature Reserve - the Valley of Geysers.
In the local valley, covered with lush vegetation, there were about 20 large geysers, which, when gushing, presented a mesmerizing spectacle. However, on June 3, 2007, a powerful mud flow covered about two-thirds of the area of the unique natural site, and many geysers were lost. It seemed that the unique natural site was lost forever, but in just a year the nature of the Valley of Geysers was restored, and on July 1, 2008 it was again open to the public.
Most of the geysers have resumed their work, in addition, new hot springs have formed here, and a picturesque lake has formed on the Geysernaya River. The appearance of the valley has changed a lot, and it will continue to change in the future. Bears returned to the Valley of Geysers again, and new landscapes began to attract even more tourists.
Blagoveshchensk
Blagoveshchensk, one of the oldest cities in the Far East, the business and administrative center of the Amur region, whose history dates back to 1858.
closely connected with the development of the Amur region, by the end of the last century it became the largest city on the Amur, the capital of gold mining and agriculture, the most important port and shipping center of the entire Amur region. As in other Far Eastern cities, many historical and cultural traditions and, first of all, folk culture have always been carefully preserved and passed on.
Throughout its history, Blagoveshchensk has been and remains one of the largest industrial and cultural centers of the Far East, with a population of 220 thousand people.
Ussuriysk
Ussuriysk is the center of the Ussuriysk district of Primorsky Krai. It is located in the valley of the Razdolnaya River, 110 km north of the regional center - Vladivostok.
Founded by settlers in 1866. like the village of Nikolskoye.
November 2, 1893 A railway connection was opened between the Ketritsevo station (now Ussuriysk station) and Vladivostok, and in 1897. between the station Ketritsevo and Khabarovsk.
November 14, 1922 Soviet power was proclaimed. In 1926
a city was approved under the name Nikolsk-Ussuriysky, which was included and founded in 1891. working village of Ketritsevo. Since 1935. the city was called Voroshilov. In 1957. the city was renamed and began to be called Ussuriysk.
Komsomolsk-on-Amur
Komsomolsk-on-Amur is located on the left bank of the Amur River, 356 km northeast of Khabarovsk. This is the second largest and most important city in the Khabarovsk Territory.
It was founded in 1860 by peasants who were forcibly resettled from the Perm province, and was originally a small village called Perm. In 1932, the village received city status, and from that year extensive construction began, in which visiting Komsomol members and prisoners of the Far Eastern camps took part. In 1981, the Baikal-Amur Railway was built through Komsomolsk-on-Amur.
The city stretches along the Amur River for 30 km.
The most beautiful place in Komsomolsk-on-Amur is the embankment. A memorial stone was installed on it in honor of the builders of the city. An inscription is carved on the stone in gratitude to the “first Komsomol members,” although in fact the city was built mainly by political prisoners, because here was the main transit point of the Far Eastern camps. On the embankment stands the building of the River Station - the largest on the Amur River. In the industrial area of the city - Leninsky District - there is a vast city park - a great place for walks.
Be sure to visit the local history museum. Several collections are presented here - ethnographic with products from birch bark, wood, bone, metal and fabric, archaeological, covering the history of the region from the Mesolithic to the Middle Ages, natural history collection, collections of herbariums, taxidermy sculptures and soil, collections of works of art and posters, photo, negative and documentary funds and a collection of documents about the construction of the city in the 1930s.
Education
The easternmost city of Russia. East of Russia
The East of Russia is a part of the Russian Federation, which includes river basins that flow into the Pacific Ocean, the Kuril, Shantar and Commander Islands, about.
Sakhalin, o. Wrangel. The population of the territory is 6.3 million people - about 5% of all residents of the country. A map of Eastern Russia with cities will be given below. 
General information
The East of Russia (cities belonging to this region of the country will be given below) is considered the most depopulating part of the state.
Here, in the period from 1991 to 2010, there was a decrease in the population by 1.8 million. The growth rate is 4.1. The area of this entire region is more than 6,100 thousand square meters. km (about 36% of the entire territory of the Russian Federation).
Historically and geographically, in terms of migration activity, Transbaikalia is often included in the Far Eastern Federal District. Large cities of the Russian Far East: Vladivostok, Yakutsk, Khabarovsk, Blagoveshchensk, Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Magadan, Ussuriysk. The region administratively includes nine constituent entities.
The easternmost city of Russia is Anadyr. More details about this settlement later in the article.
Anadyr. Historical reference
The easternmost city in Russia began to develop in 1889. Then Lev Grinevetsky, fulfilling the decree of the tsarist government, founded Novo-Mariinsk at the mouth of the river. Cossack girl. The construction of the city was carried out quite slowly. It was mainly private and state-owned trade warehouses that expanded.
In 1914, a long-wave radio station was built here - at that time one of the most powerful in the country.
Soviet power after the revolution was established in Novo-Mariinsk only in 1924. During the same period, on the basis of a resolution of the Kamchatka Gubernia Committee, the modern name of this settlement was approved.
It began to be called Anadyr. By 1927, the easternmost city in Russia became the administrative center of the region, and three years later - the Chukotka Okrug.
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Development of Anadyr
A serious impetus for the development of the settlement was the construction of a large port on the shore of the estuary.
By 1963 on the river. The Cossack woman built a dam, which allowed water supply to Anadyr. In 1965, the settlement officially received city status. The first regular non-stop flight of the Il-62 from Moscow was carried out in 1984. In 2004, the easternmost city of Russia was given the status of a district, and the settlement of Tavaivaam was included in it. The distance from Anadyr to Moscow is 6200 km.
Short description
The easternmost city in Russia relies on coal and gold mining and fishing.
In addition, the largest wind farm in the country, the Anadyr Wind Farm, operates here. Residents also engage in reindeer herding and hunting. The streets are lined with panel and block five-story buildings and Khrushchev-era buildings. Most of the structures are built on stilts.
There is an observation deck on the territory of the city. It is located near the monument to St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. The observation deck offers a beautiful view of the estuary. Local residents even joke that in good weather you can see Alaska from there.
The city also houses a local history museum of the heritage of the Chukotka region. Every year “Korfest” is held in Anadyr - this is the name of the smelt festival. Amateur fishermen compete in catching this fish.
Transport connection
Anadyr seaport is considered the largest in the region.
Thanks to it, such cities of the Russian Far East as Magadan, Vladivostok, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky and others communicate with each other. The port's production capacity allows it to process up to one million tons of various cargo. Navigation lasts four months (from early July to early November).
In the village of Ugolnye Kopi, on the other side of the estuary, the Anadyr airport is located. Communication with the city is carried out through helicopter flights. Also, during the winter, an ice crossing is open; in the summer, small vessels and boats operate.
Anadyr Airport has international status. Flights are carried out to Khabarovsk and Moscow, to all settlements of Chukotka.
Due to the harsh climate, roads in the city are covered with concrete. Between the airport and Anadyr there is a federal highway A384. Its length is 23 kilometers. Part of the route is a winter road on the ice cover of the estuary.
In 2012, construction of the P-504 highway began to provide year-round transport connections between Anadyr and the road network of the Far East. It connects the regional center, Omsukchan, Omolon. Despite its status, which suggests the scale of the territory, the city can be walked from end to end in forty minutes.
Climatic conditions
The proximity of the bay has a significant impact on the weather in Anadyr.
Monsoons prevail here, and floods are typical in late autumn. In 2001, the lowest temperature was recorded - about minus 40 degrees. Climatic conditions also affect the plant world. The flora of the easternmost city is not very rich. But at the same time, you can find many birds in the area.
Among them are not only those who live here permanently, but also those who arrive for the winter (polar owls, partridges, magpies). The fauna is represented mainly by fur-bearing animals.
Here you can meet arctic fox, ermine, and brown bears. However, the “European” animal is especially popular. These gophers are not afraid of people and can be completely tame.
Conclusion
The East of Russia has important geostrategic and geopolitical significance for the state.
The region has access to the Arctic and Pacific oceans and borders the DPRK, Japan, the USA and China. Huge natural reserves are concentrated in the East of Russia. For example, the territory contains about a third of all coal and hydraulic reserves. Deposits of prometallic, copper ores, platinum, silver and gold were also discovered here.
Considering the above, according to many analysts, population migration to the Far Eastern Federal District is very promising. In addition, the territory of the eastern part of the country is considered underdeveloped. The population density here is quite low. As mentioned above, the region is considered depopulating. Despite the vastness of the territory, the population here is not increasing, but on the contrary, decreasing.
This is primarily due to the migration outflow of residents. President Putin noted that it is necessary to take active steps to develop the Far East.
Economic cooperation with border states is of particular importance in this process. Active interaction is carried out with China. The prospect of cooperation with Japan, one of the most economically developed countries in the world, in need of natural resources and new platforms for marketing its products, is also being considered.
Thanks to this interaction, more active development of the Far Eastern territories can begin.
The Far Eastern Federal District is the most remote region of the Russian Federation. It includes ten territorial units, including Sakhalin, Yakutia, Kamchatka Territory and Amur Region. The region borders Korea, Japan, the USA and China.
Active settlement of the land began in the 19th century, although it is known about many nationalities that have lived in the territory of the modern region since the Stone Age. Today, an impressive industrial complex has been created on the territory of the Far Eastern District. Demographic diversity is no less widespread.
Population of the Far East
The Far East is sparsely populated. On an area of 6169.3 thousand square meters. km (39% of the country's area) is home to about 7.6 million people (a little more than 5% of the Russian population). That is, the average population density is 1.2 people per square kilometer. For comparison, the population density in Central Russia is 46 people per square meter. km. However, the population is distributed extremely unevenly across regions. For example, Primorsky Krai and southern Sakhalin have a density of 12 people. per sq. km, the same figure in the Kamchatka or Magadan regions fluctuates between 0.2 and 0.3.
The demographic situation in the region is characterized by negative dynamics, however, the rapid development of the agro-industrial complex provokes mechanical population growth, and with it natural population growth. The bulk of the population of the Far East consists of Russians, Ukrainians, Tatars and Jews.
But the galaxy of indigenous peoples deserves special attention: Nanais, Aleuts, Evenks, Chukchi, Eskimos and many others. The previously mentioned rapid industrial development has a negative impact on the number of indigenous peoples. The habitat and traditions are gradually collapsing under the influence of industry and culture of the Russians.
Industry of the Far East
The lands of the Far East are a rich storehouse of natural and fossil resources. The leading positions in the region's agro-industrial complex are occupied by three sectors: mining, forestry and fishing. The mining industry is focused on the extraction, enrichment and, partly, processing of non-ferrous metal ores. Tin, mercury, lead, zinc, and tungsten are supplied from the Far East to European Russia and for export. Particularly noteworthy are the volumes of gold, silver and diamonds produced. There are currently 827 mineral deposits under active development throughout the region. In the Magadan region and Yakutia, mineral extraction accounts for 60% of the total industry.
The vast expanses of the region are where about a quarter of all Russian timber reserves, or 20 billion cubic meters, are stored. Many industry enterprises producing paper, furniture, and plywood use these materials. The main export of timber occurs in the Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories, the Amur Region, Sakhalin and Yakutia.
The Far East leads among other regions of the country in fishing and seafood production. Canned Far Eastern products are well known in Russia and far beyond its borders. Among the main types of commercial fish, herring, pollock, tuna, and salmon are especially actively caught. In addition, there is active fishing for crabs, scallops, mussels, squid, and processing of caviar and seaweed.
Agriculture of the Far East
The climate of the Far Eastern region is diverse, but neither the Arctic, nor the subarctic, nor the maritime climate is suitable for the full development of agriculture. However, in the south of the region, in the Primorsky Territory and the Amur Region, about 2% of Russian arable land is located. Grain crops (rice, wheat, oats), fruit and vegetable crops are actively grown here. Of particular note is the cultivation of soybeans.
The livestock sector of agriculture is represented by meat and dairy cattle breeding and pig breeding. In the northern regions of the region, reindeer husbandry and fur farming are actively developing.