Every owner dreams of making his home memorable and beautiful. If the house is no longer new, it is not so simple. One of the possibilities is carved platbands. They will even turn an ordinary “box” into a masterpiece.
Material for platbands
Carved platbands are made mainly from coniferous wood. The best option is pine, it cuts normally, is inexpensive, and is durable due to its high resin content. In principle, you can use any other coniferous board, but it is better not to try with spruce: it is too fibrous and cannot be cut even with the sharpest tool.
You can also make carved frames from hardwood - linden (the softest), poplar, maple, oak, cherry, etc. But you need to be able to work with each species, get your hands on it, and there is no guarantee that you will get something digestible, and hardwood is expensive. That’s why window frames are often made from pine. You just need to pay attention to the quality characteristics.
Carved window frames - a way to make your home unique
If you have wood or a board that has been lying around for 3 years or more, you can use it: it is already definitely dry, it just needs processing and calibration. If you don’t have woodworking equipment at home (thicknesser and circular saw), you will need an edged board. Wood of the first or highest grade is suitable for carved platbands. This means that there should be no knots, chips, or resin pockets on the board. Take chamber-dried wood with a moisture content of no more than 8-12%. This is not sold in the markets; you need to look for it at sawmills and construction stores.
Why kiln drying? Because it is dried in a special chamber, quickly removing moisture. At the same time, some of the boards crack and bend - these are rejected, the rest are sold. If you make carved frames from chamber-dried wood, they will definitely not be damaged or cracked.
Tools
To make carved platbands with your own hands, you will need the following minimum set:
- drill with a set of drills;
- electric jigsaw with soft start and a bunch of different wood saws;
- chisels;
- sandpaper with grains of different sizes;
- flap disc made of sandpaper for wood on a drill.
To reduce the time it takes to create carved patterns and sanding, it is better to have a router and a grinder.
One at a time or in bulk?
Carved platbands usually consist of repeating elements. At least two vertical slats on each window are made identical. And since several windows are usually decorated, a lot of identical elements are required. If you are going to make slotted trims, you naturally want to cut out several pieces at the same time, stacking the boards and somehow securing them.
The desire is understandable, but difficult to implement, and the benefits over time are not as great as it seems. The first difficulty is that home craftsmen usually have jigsaws that are not very powerful. To cut through several boards, you have to move the saw more slowly along the intended pattern. On straight lines the speed is still tolerable, on curves it is low. And the smaller the bend radius, the slower you have to move the file. If you work with one board, there are no such problems. So, in terms of time, if there is any gain, it is very small.
One more thing. Even thick, good, expensive files with a large thickness of the workpiece are deflected. So, when cutting several boards at the same time, the quality of the slot on the bottom (or two) remains a big question.
The procedure for manufacturing a platband with slotted threads
Using a template, transfer the desired drawing onto the board (read below for where to get it, how to enlarge it, and how to make a template). If necessary, we correct it and draw out the details well. Next, we will describe the procedure step by step.
Removing wood from the slots in the pattern
Since the carving will be viewed from afar, some inaccuracies are not fatal, but it is still worth striving for the ideal.
Making a curly edge
Some platbands have a smooth edge. Then we skip this stage. If the edge is figured, you will have to do some more work with a jigsaw.
If the cut is complex, there may be unattractive places left. This is not scary, we will then process them where necessary - with chisels, the same jigsaw, emery. When you are satisfied with the result, you can move on.
Final revision
Owners of wooden houses probably know everything about how to process wood. But, just in case, let’s repeat the general rules again.
The choice of paints and varnishes is very wide. Suitable for any outdoor use. But keep in mind that opaque paints will have to be renewed periodically - once a year for sure. And this means removing the old paint, priming, painting again. The situation is simpler with wood oils - they do not form a film on the surface of the wood, but are absorbed into the fibers. The coating also needs to be renewed, but just clean it from dust and cover it with a new layer. And the processing frequency is less. Disadvantages of wood oil - higher price, fewer colors.
How to enlarge a template
Simple carved platbands can be made without templates. There will be several examples in the video - it shows how to draw and cut. But not everyone can draw more or less complex patterns on their own. It takes skill and talent. The easiest way is to find a diagram, print it in the desired size, transfer it to cardboard and cut it out. You will get a template that you can trace.
The second way: copy from a photograph. Not all diagrams can be found. Some, especially antique window frames, you will not find anywhere. If you have at least some drawing ability, you can copy them.
Even such an ornament can be copied... if you have the skill
Questions may arise about how to increase the size of the found diagram or template. There are three options:
- Using any graphic editor. The simplest one - Paint - is available on any computer running Windows (the “Image” tab, the line “Change image size”, select “centimeters” and enter the desired length (height) in the box. The resulting file can be printed. If the printer is small format, It may be necessary to split it into several pages.Them should then be glued together and, based on the resulting drawing, a template should be made.
- Using a photocopy. Copiers have a zoom function.
- Taking graph paper, transfer the drawing to the desired scale. To do this, divide the original image into squares with a side of 0.5 or 1 cm (can be printed on a piece of checkered paper). Then we transfer the lines to graph paper, increasing them in the required proportion.
The first two methods are faster. But when scaling, the picture may turn out fuzzy and blurry. You can correct it by hand, or you can draw it in some editor, for example, CorelDRAW. Watch the video to see how to do this. Just an example of drawing a diagram for carving.
Video on the topic
Schemes, templates, patterns
The style is completely different...
Wood carving dates back several thousand years. From the time a person learned to build wooden dwellings, the desire to ennoble it and decorate it has not faded away. The art was used on building facades, spoons, and most musical instruments. Later, the fashion spread to furniture, frames, and boxes. Many nations hold not only ornaments in high esteem, but also sculptures.
In museums you can carefully examine everything with your own eyes. Presented here thread woodworking photographs drawings and sketches. This is quite an exciting activity. Each continent has its own proportions and the material used. By the middle of the second millennium, the movement in developed countries resulted in decorative and applied arts. It became chic to invite famous craftsmen to the palaces of those in power to make furniture and other accessories.
It flourished in the 18th – early 19th centuries, when the middle strata of the population began to enjoy the fruits of the labors of skilled carvers. Then, in accordance with the laws of history, the industry in Russia (later in the Soviet Union) began to fade away. But she persistently clung to life on the periphery and among true connoisseurs of folk talent. Recently, a rapid revival has been noticeable, manifested in the details of armchairs, sofas, souvenirs, and building decorations.
In large industrial centers, provincial cities, and small villages, there are schools of artistic wood carving. This profession is taught in vocational schools, pedagogical schools and even institutes. The goal is to revive domestic traditions in this area. In accordance with the development of society, the approach has also changed: not only manual, but also automated labor is used.Wood used for carving
The starting material is different types of wood. Linden became the most popular. It most successfully combines the technical characteristics necessary for specialists. It is soft, has a dense, smooth surface, is easy to process, can be stained, sanded, and varnished. When properly prepared, it will not warp or crack.
Other thin-layer trees are used: maple, apple, rowan, alder, walnut, poplar. Oak is also taken as a basis, but it is quite durable and requires not only dexterity, but also brute male strength. Some people use resinous softwoods, but they have a lot of disadvantages. Selected trunks are prepared at least a couple of years before use. They are thoroughly sanded, leaving rings of bark (10-15 cm each) only at the ends. The ends are carefully treated with a clay solution and paint - this way the appearance of cracks is prevented. Drying is carried out under sheds, in sheds with good ventilation. Subsequently, all this stuff is dissolved into boards and chopping blocks.
Carving tools
Now the master, having received the source code, begins to work. To do this, he needs multifunctional assistants - cutters of simple and intricate configurations. These include:- Knife-jamb. Made from durable, high-quality steel. It has, like all tools, an easy-to-grip handle. The blade is beveled at an angle of 60 degrees. Protrudes 5-7 cm. Sharpened on both sides. It is made from a chisel, a knife, or a hacksaw pipe blade.
- Regular straight chisels sold in stores. Grooved, curved, curly;
- Wooden carpenter's mallet;
- Hacksaws;
- Awl;
- Compass;
- Set of velvet files;
- Manual and electric jigsaws;
- Rotary;
- Drill;
- Fine sandpaper;
- Pumice powder;
- Material for stains;
- Brushes. Tampons. Rollers;
- Finishing varnishes;
- An electric multi-function machine is desirable.
Kinds wood carvings
Applied art distinguishes the following types of carving:Flat-shaped, called geometric. It got its name from the triangles, circles, ovals, squares, straight and broken lines, and rosettes used. You can also use it to create floral designs. They decorate estate frames, pediments, cornices, entrance gates, courtyard gates, piers, and porches.
Flat-relief. The background here is chosen around the ornament, to a precisely specified depth. Then all edges are carefully hemmed. The second method is to embed the ornament into the wood; the background remains in its original form. Nowadays, few people do this manually, using milling machines. Many people emboss the surface at the next stage of processing, hiding errors. Others cut out small grooves, grooves, and cells. Small incisors are indispensable in these operations.
Proreznaya. Similar to the previous one, if its background was removed. Used in the production of boxes and frames. For expressiveness, a beautiful colored fabric is added below, or at worst, paper. The openwork pattern gives the product charm and airiness.
Embossed. One of the most complex, but extremely decorative. It has long been used in various aspects of everyday life. If gilding and even oil painting are added to it, you won’t be able to take your eyes off it.The word “relief” itself means convexity. The totality of all irregularities represents the Earth's crust. In this profession, this is an ordinary convex ornament located on a flat surface. There are subspecies. Bas-relief means a complex of ornaments, someone’s image, rising by an amount less than 1/2 of the thickness. The high relief is more than one-half the thickness of the sculpture.
Volumetric (sculptural). Here the object is finished from different angles, from several sides, possibly all around. A striking example of this is the legs of carved furniture.
Thread application
A wealth of experience has been accumulated, there is a lot of material available . Thread woodworking - photographs, drawings and sketchesused to create decor in the furniture industry. It presents an impressive assortment of elements for the interior, decorating chairs, tables, beds, armchairs, and sofas. Companies have moved away from manual labor and are actively using computer-controlled machines. 2D and 3D methods make it possible to obtain any components with extraordinary precision and cleanliness of processing. It should be added that any wood and even MDF are used.
Wooden furniture with high-quality decor is an indisputable sign of excellent taste, raising the status of the owner in the eyes of relatives, friends and acquaintances. Technology is up to par. There is a full possibility of imitation of Classicism, Art Nouveau, Renaissance, Rococo, Empire, Gothic, Art Deco, Baroque. Everything is done carefully, with excellent artistic taste, and at a high professional level.
Craftsmen enjoy restoring palaces and ancient estates. The combination of qualifications, imagination, and skills allows designers to create new unique compositions. Overlays, frames, capitals amaze the imagination with the elegance of their lines, complete imitation of the chosen style. Round, oval, rectangular roses represent flowers, sets of leaves. Having come to us since the times of the ancient Greeks, they perfectly complement furniture.
There are countless quantities of goods these days. For example, house trims are now made from glued material. Therefore, they do not change shape, size, or crack under the influence of atmospheric changes. Not a single passerby will pass by indifferently; they will definitely gaze at the man-made beauty. Not a single production of stairs, balustrades, facades, or balconies is complete without wood carving. Brackets and consoles are designed to support the protruding parts of the building and interior. They are delightful in the form of curls (volutes), although they can be in the form of triangles or rectangles.
Carved moldings are used for moldings, carved baseboards, window and door moldings. Cornices will not only bring chic and elegance, but will also emphasize the status and well-being of the owner of a cottage or spacious apartment. Doors look interesting where all the corners converge into a single, logical, complete pattern. And what inimitable balusters we have! Cylindrical, flat, sculpted. Each model looks perfect, impressive, bewitching. From all the variety, the best option for your own interior is selected.
Coats of arms are popular in the design of premises made in the styles of past centuries. Families with rich pedigrees, who know that their ancestors had a noble title, try to decorate their mansions with family coats of arms. This to some extent consoles their vanity and immerses them in memories of the former greatness of the family.
Intricate ornaments, drawings, and ligatures on “antique” chests, which have triumphantly returned to their fans, never cease to amaze. The complexity is truly impressive. They contain the energy of eternity and kindness. Boxes of different sizes are pleasing to the eye. Every detail is adjusted to the hundredth of a millimeter. Nothing extra. Sheer brilliance and charm. You would definitely want to give such splendor to your beloved woman to store all sorts of trinkets.The smallest carved decorative elements are not forgotten.
Video on wood carving and application in the interior
The ancient art of carving wood and plywood has always been considered a fascinating activity; with the help of carved decorations, towers and huts of unique beauty were erected, most of which are still classified as architectural monuments. Woodcarving, or wood carving, is becoming a popular skill; it is used to make large and small masterpieces. Beginning craftsmen are helped to create masterpieces by ready-made stencils for wood carving - special templates from which three-dimensional ornaments and patterns are created.
The ancient art of wood carving has always been considered a fascinating activity.
Stencils for woodworking are used to transfer ready-made identical patterns onto a three-dimensional plane. Most often, such work is done to decorate walls and window frames, which is why sketches for working with wooden surfaces are considered the most common.
Carved patterns made using a stencil are divided into several types by craftsmen:
- ribbon carved ornament;
- carved platbands;
- carved balusters;
- pilaster;
- towels;
- brackets.
Using such ready-made templates, even a novice master can arrange and independently create a unique design and a real masterpiece of carved art. Using a ready-made stencil you can easily decorate any wooden product. Artistic cutting and openwork designs are usually useful when decorating:
- pieces of furniture;
- dishes;
- picture or photograph frames;
- boxes.
If a master wants to convey certain national motifs or features of an object in his work, he should first study the subtleties and nuances of ornaments and patterns.
How to learn wood carving (video)
Sketches for patterns: instructions
For those craftsmen who have recently picked up tools, experienced craftsmen recommend taking into account the following nuances when preparing for work:
- the engraving template should be as simple and understandable as possible, without complex or ornate elements;
- each type of thread has its own templates for work;
- lines from the existing template to the material for work are transferred as accurately as possible, since this is the only way to achieve accuracy in the work.
When choosing a design for subsequent transfer to the material, it is worth considering a number of subtleties that will help you make the product professionally and skillfully.
- For a large product, you should not choose an openwork pattern or a pattern with small details. Such a design will be lost on the finished item and will not make it unique.
- Small items are not decorated with patterns with large elements and ornamental details, so as not to hide the shape and uniqueness of the product.
- Proportions when transferring details to fragments of the product should be observed to the finest detail so as not to disrupt the integrity of the finished ornament.
You should not start working without first creating a sketch, which you can make yourself or download ready-made photographs from the Internet.
Carved frames for mirrors: an interesting idea
Lovers of Art Nouveau style interiors will appreciate carved frames that frame paintings or mirrors.
Such interior items not only look rich and unique, but also add a special “zest” to the interior of the room. When cutting out mirror frames, experts recommend using a few basic styles to work with.
- The double baroque style contains two contours inside and outside, represented by openwork curls. The craftsmen included a feather profile in this style; it reflects some of the lightness and grace of the rectangular-shaped product.
- For mirrors, the feather profile with a back is ideal, providing a dense back part where the mirror is attached.
- The refined profile also has a dumbbell style, despite the somewhat massive frame. It is these frames that hold a heavy and massive mirror well.
Lovers of Art Nouveau style interiors will appreciate carved frames that frame paintings or mirrors.
Special decorating methods are also used to make mirror frames:
- gilding with pre-polishing;
- varnishing with a transparent material;
- patina, or artificial aging of wood;
- antique decoration with cracks called craquelure.
In order to transfer the pattern from the stencil to the product, use soft pencils, transferring the pattern as accurately and accurately as possible.
Picture stencils for jigsaw and wood carving in pencil: how to make
Those craftsmen who are just starting to try themselves as a wood carver should understand that high-quality cutting can be done only after the template for cutting has been correctly prepared.
- Initially, you should decide on a blank for carving. For beginning craftsmen, geometric carvings on a plane or a simple wooden figurine are better suited.
- A sketch is made on paper with a pencil, and the main zones and places where the carving is planned are clearly defined on it.
- Using special drawing devices, the image is transferred to graph paper.
- Repeating parts are made of thick paper or thick cardboard.
- The finished paper pattern is attached to a wooden base and copied.
When making stencils for carvings made using the slotting technique, craftsmen recommend initially using thick paper for patterns.
Geometric and flat-relief carving: what is it?
Name geometric carving on wood comes from the main details and elements at the base of the pattern: geometric shapes, figures and their elements. Such ornaments are used to decorate furniture and household utensils.
To create this engraving you will need a simple set of tools:
- a piece of soft wood board;
- special knife-jamb;
- simple soft pencil;
- ruler.
When making the product, you will not need an applied paper blank, since the elements of the geometric pattern can be applied directly to the wooden blank.
Flat relief carving It is done in a similar way, but the design elements are not geometric shapes, but images of animals, elements of nature, and people. This type of carving is also used for making backgammon.
The finished product can be treated with colorless varnish
For such a wooden engraving you will need the following materials:
- set of wood cutters;
- soft wooden blank;
- sandpaper, pencils.
The product is manufactured following a certain sequence of actions.
- The wood is cleaned and prepared for work in advance. The design is applied to carbon paper and transferred to the workpiece.
- Contour carving is made according to the drawing; the relief and frame of the product are pre-selected.
- Upon completion, the work is treated with stain, dye or simply watercolors. Cleaned with sandpaper.
The finished product can be treated with colorless varnish.
Flowers: wood carving for beginners
Flowers are one of the main elements of many wood carving patterns. It is not difficult to cut out this element; it is important to follow the sequence of actions and the principle of operation.
- A pattern in the form of circles is applied to the wooden surface and the details of the future flower are marked.
- The central circles are cut in a circle, after which they are cut from the outer circle to the center.
- After marking the petals, they are cut along the contour, cutting off the triangles between the petals, after which the outer contour of each petal is cut.
- An incision is made inside the flower, rounding the center of the design element.
You can decorate the drawing with any additional motifs; the geriola base of the product provides ample opportunities for toning.
Artistic wood carving always looks very impressive. Most people have no idea how such products can be made. It seems that this requires enormous physical strength, and in addition, artistic taste and education. However, cutting out a beautiful ornament is not as difficult as it seems, you just need to learn a little technique and, as they say, get better at it. We will show popular drawings for learning wood carving techniques that will be useful for beginners and masters!
It's no secret that for manual creative work it is necessary not only to master the skills of this art, but also to have inspiration, desire and, of course, time. In order for all these parameters to come together, the master can use drawings to study simple wood carving. Not only drawings help to generate an idea, but also photographs of the work of other craftsmen.
There are sketches for different types of wood carving, and here you can find a suitable sketch for yourself completely free of charge.
We analyze drawings for wood carving: sketches for geometry
Drawings for geometric carving are well suited for beginning craftsmen. This is an easy and effective type of wood carving. To do this, you just need to determine for yourself which areas are convex and which are concave, in which case the correct picture on the tree will come out.
Boards in geometric and flat-relief techniques.
Stencil.
Stencils can be changed - for example, reducing the number of elements, or, conversely, adding details for a more interesting result.
Stencils for slotted carving.There are other types of artistic carving. One of the simple cutting techniques, provided you have the right tool, such as a router, is slotting. It is also called openwork because the finished product, made precisely and accurately, looks like lace. It has no background - it is cut out of the pattern. Hence the name. To practice this type of wood carving, you need to have a steady hand and cut clearly along the contour of the stencil. A contrasting color of fabric or foil is placed under a product made using this technique with a router or jigsaw. The photo shows examples of finished work, as well as sketches suitable for this technique.
Contour carving is different in that a contour pattern is cut out on the wood. You can make a lot of different paintings using this technique; it is not necessary to take a ready-made stencil for carving. To decorate a nursery, you can outline the coloring book and use it as a sketch. Also, if you don’t know how to draw, you can take any sketch made in pencil and transfer it to wood. This technique produces good images of animals, birds, as well as landscapes and still lifes. The images clearly show examples of what can be carved on wood using this technique.
Black varnish carving is a type of contour carving, where a light contour is cut out on painted wood.
Examples and stencils for flat-relief wood carving.This type is different in that the drawing is above the background. In this case, the pattern has the same height. The background can be textured or smooth. The edges of the cut out pattern are usually rolled over, that is, it is carefully sanded so that they are smooth, as if oval. This technique requires a little more skill than others, but the products made this way look amazing. The photo shows examples and sketches for carving in this style.
Drawings for boxes can be distinguished as a special type. They can be made using various techniques: slotted carving, placing a base of fabric, foil or noble types of wood of a suitable color under the design; flat carving, which includes geometric and contour, or another subspecies. It differs in that indentations of the same depth are made in a flat background. In the case of geometric techniques, the recesses, as a rule, have the shape of triangles or quadrangles. In addition, there is also a staple carving, which is also a type of flat carving and is well suited for decorating boxes. In the images you can see boxes made in various styles.
Wood carving is considered the most ancient art. It can decorate the house and interior elements. Many different simple patterns have become superb designs that appeal with their elegance and precision.
Wood carving ornaments have been used as decoration for quite a long time. An ornament is a pattern that has combinations of various shapes: geometric, plant, animal, bird, human, etc. The elements that make it up can be repeated or alternated. More complex components can be simplified for better perception of detail.
Carved ornaments in the traditions of Russian pattern making are familiar to many of us - carved shutters and platbands, valances, friezes and balusters, decorative balconies - the Russian hut has been famous for these decorations since ancient times. And until now, many owners of country houses prefer magical carvings to practical plastic. True, delicate work is now done with the help of new technologies.
Geometric design is characterized by various simple patterns, when combined, you can get amazing drawings that captivate with their beauty. Most often they come in the form of decorations such as stripes, stars, rosettes, etc. Other wooden elements also make sense and give a great look. Among other geometric patterns there are:
- A dot is an element that is used separately and is reused as decor.
- Line is a commonly used pattern, primarily intended for separation.
- A zigzag or broken line symbolizes water.
- A rhombus or square limits the space filled with patterns.
- Polygons (hexagons, octagons, etc.) are often used in oriental wood carving.
- Crosses mean creation, construction of something, etc.
- Twisted or spiral, or other curved elements.
- The circle is filled with a pattern and is responsible for a separate composition.
Description of plant patterns
Performed in different varieties or repeated separately. They can represent an excellent composition, which can contain drawings of a tree, fruit plant, flower, etc. Floristry is depicted naturally or in a simplified or stylized form. It is considered the most popular after the type of geometric ornament. Since ancient times, the most frequently used wood were grapes, oaks, laurels, lotuses, ivy, etc.
Gallery: wood carving (25 photos)
Properties of animal (zoomorphological) ornament
This carved ornament shows drawings of various animals, which can be fictional as well as real. They are often stylized. These are very ancient drawings. Among the patterns there are not only entire wooden elements, but also individual parts of the animal body (heads, wings, paws, etc.). Quite often used in combination with different types of ornaments. Can be used for different threads.
Ornament with the image of a person
In wood carving, a wooden man can be depicted schematically or more realistically. It is used for decorative interior details. Pairs perfectly with different types of patterns.
Among all the wood carving ornaments, we can highlight the following: wooden decorative or symbolic image types, e.g.:
- Hieroglyphs, inscriptions, etc.
- Emblems, coats of arms, etc. (heraldry).
- Various symbols (yin-yang, lotus, cross, etc.)
Main shapes of different patterns
It all depends on which one is used. The following forms are distinguished::
- A ribbon shape or border that runs along the edge or frames the product.
- Garland is a wavy shape (mainly used with floral patterns).
- A rosette is an independent form in the form of a flower, a polygon, etc.
- Palmette is a fan-shaped with decoration.
- Arabette is a complex patterned element made up of geometric, plant shapes.
- The wreath is used as a floral ornament.
- Braiding is made with interlacing components (strips, ribbons, stems, etc.).
- The openwork ornament requires the use of sawn carving techniques (making a through background image).
Sketches (album) for forming patterns
Initially, before you start carving wood, you need to make a sketch on paper (you can use it in your sketchbook) of the same size. You can do this on a printer or copier (reduce, enlarge, etc.). You can also draw by hand using cells for linear scaling. This carved ornament is duplicated on wood using simple copy paper. For through threads, you can make a simple template by cutting it out with scissors, so that you can then apply it and trace it with a pencil on the workpiece. You can buy special templates or find images on the Internet; the Slavic pattern is very beautiful and ancient.